CN112350019B - Power battery system and electric automobile with thermal runaway protect function - Google Patents
Power battery system and electric automobile with thermal runaway protect function Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112350019B CN112350019B CN202011168770.9A CN202011168770A CN112350019B CN 112350019 B CN112350019 B CN 112350019B CN 202011168770 A CN202011168770 A CN 202011168770A CN 112350019 B CN112350019 B CN 112350019B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- conversion reactor
- gas conversion
- combustible gas
- battery pack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
- H01M10/523—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption by recombination on a catalytic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a power battery system with a thermal runaway protection function and an electric automobile, wherein high-temperature combustible gas sprayed during thermal runaway is introduced into a gas conversion reactor and chemically reacts with a mixture in the gas conversion reactor, so that the combustible gas is converted into non-combustible gas, and the fire phenomenon after the thermal runaway is prevented. This power battery system includes: a battery pack case; the device comprises a plurality of battery cells arranged in a battery pack box body, wherein each battery cell is provided with a eruption port for erupting out-of-control heat supply gas; the battery pack comprises a battery pack box body, a plurality of gas conversion reactors arranged in the battery pack box body, and a plurality of gas conversion reactors arranged in the battery pack box body, wherein each gas conversion reactor corresponds to one battery cell; each gas conversion reactor is provided with an air inlet hole which leads the combustible gas sprayed out from the spraying opening of the corresponding electric core to enter the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor and an air outlet hole communicated with the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor; the inner cavity of each gas conversion reactor is provided with a mixture formed by sulfate, catalyst and metal oxide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the safety field of automobile power battery systems, in particular to a power battery system with a thermal runaway protection function and an electric automobile.
Background
With the continuous development of the current society and the continuous improvement of the industrial level, the energy and environment problems become more severe, so that the popularization of the pure electric vehicle is urgent. As a power source of the pure electric vehicle, the safety of the battery is a key for restricting the development of the pure electric vehicle.
At present, a power battery of a pure electric vehicle mainly adopts a lithium battery cell or a lithium iron phosphate battery cell, and serious thermal runaway risks exist. Under stress, thermal stimulation, the short circuit takes place for electric core in the battery module, appears electric core and explodes the phenomenon of spouting, erupts a large amount of mixtures from erupting the mouth, wherein mixes like combustible gas such as methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide in a large number. The temperature of the sprayed mixture is high and can reach hundreds or even thousands of degrees centigrade, and the airflow columns impact the upper cover of the battery at certain pressure, which brings great challenges to the structural design and material selection of the upper cover of the battery pack. When the pressure and the temperature exceed the bearing limit of the battery upper cover material, the upper cover of the battery pack is damaged, high-temperature combustible gas leaks, and the combustible gas burns instantly when contacting with air. Because the density of the combustible gas is far less than that of air, the flame is blown upwards, and the life and property loss of the owner is inevitably caused. The extreme temperature and pressure states caused by thermal runaway of the battery are that almost all the materials and processes of the upper cover cannot ensure that the upper cover does not crack at present.
Therefore, how to effectively avoid and delay the possible thermal runaway problem of the power battery module of the electric vehicle is a current subject faced by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power battery system with a thermal runaway protection function and an electric automobile, wherein high-temperature combustible gas sprayed during thermal runaway is introduced into a gas conversion reactor and chemically reacts with a mixture in the gas conversion reactor, so that the high-temperature combustible gas is converted into non-combustible gas, and the fire phenomenon after the thermal runaway is prevented.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a power battery system with a thermal runaway protection function, which comprises:
a battery pack case;
the device comprises a plurality of battery cells arranged in a battery pack box body, wherein each battery cell is provided with a eruption port for erupting out-of-control heat supply gas;
the battery pack box comprises a battery pack box body, a plurality of gas conversion reactors arranged in the battery pack box body, and a plurality of gas conversion reactors arranged in the battery pack box body, wherein each gas conversion reactor is arranged corresponding to one battery cell; each gas conversion reactor is provided with an air inlet hole which leads the combustible gas sprayed out from the spraying opening of the corresponding battery cell to enter the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor and an air outlet hole communicated with the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor; the inner cavity of each gas conversion reactor is internally provided with a mixture formed by sulfate, a catalyst and metal oxide;
high-temperature combustible gas sprayed out when each battery cell is out of control thermally enters the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor through the air inlet hole of the corresponding gas conversion reactor, and the high-temperature combustible gas and the mixture in the inner cavity of the corresponding gas conversion reactor are subjected to chemical reaction, so that the high-temperature combustible gas is converted into non-combustible gas; and the non-combustible gas obtained by conversion is discharged into the battery pack box body through the gas outlet hole of the corresponding gas conversion reactor.
Preferably, a metal grid is respectively arranged at the air inlet and the air outlet of each gas conversion reactor.
Preferably, the mixture of the intraluminal device of the gas conversion reactor is a cake mixture formed by compression.
Preferably, the metal oxide includes at least: oxides of iron-, copper-, or manganese-containing species; the sulfate salt at least comprises: sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or calcium sulfate;
the reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas and the metal oxide are subjected to oxidation reduction reaction under the action of a catalyst, the metal oxide is reduced into a metal simple substance, and the generated metal simple substance is used as a catalyst of non-oxidation reduction reaction;
the non-reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas and the sulfate have non-redox reaction under the action of the catalyst at high temperature, so that the non-reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas is converted into the non-combustible gas.
Preferably, the reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas at least comprises: CO and H 2 (ii) a The non-reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas is methane CH 4 。
The embodiment of the invention also provides an electric automobile which comprises the power battery system with the thermal runaway protection function.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the gas conversion reactor is arranged at the eruption port of the battery core, so that the high-temperature combustible gas discharged from the eruption port and substances in the gas conversion reactor are subjected to chemical reaction and converted into non-combustible gas. Meanwhile, the discharged combustible gas is subjected to chemical reaction and is converted into non-combustible gas by utilizing the high temperature of the gas sprayed by the thermal failure of the battery cell, so that the release amount of combustible from the battery pack is reduced. Even if the upper cover of the battery is broken, open fire cannot be caused, the safety problem of the battery is solved from the source, and the safety of the pure electric vehicle is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a module in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a gas conversion reactor in an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. a module; 2. an electric core; 3. electrodes (positive/negative); 4. a hair spray opening; 5. a gas conversion reactor; 51. and an air outlet.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power battery system with a thermal runaway protection function, where the system specifically includes: a battery pack box body; the device is provided with a plurality of battery cores 2 in a battery pack box, wherein each battery core 2 is provided with a eruption port 4 for erupting out-of-control heat supply gas (the eruption port 4 and an electrode 3 of the battery core 2 are arranged in the same direction of the battery core 2); a plurality of gas conversion reactors 5 arranged in the battery pack box, wherein each gas conversion reactor 5 is arranged corresponding to one battery cell 2; each gas conversion reactor 5 is provided with an air inlet for enabling combustible gas sprayed from the corresponding spraying port 4 of the electric core 2 to enter the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor and an air outlet 51 communicated with the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor; the inner cavity of each gas conversion reactor 5 is internally provided with a mixture formed by sulfate, catalyst and metal oxide; high-temperature combustible gas sprayed out when each electric core 2 is out of thermal control respectively enters the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor 5 through the air inlet hole of the corresponding gas conversion reactor 5, and the high-temperature combustible gas and the mixture generate chemical reaction in the inner cavity of the corresponding gas conversion reactor 5, so that the high-temperature combustible gas is converted into non-combustible gas; and the non-combustible gas obtained by conversion is discharged into the battery pack box body through the gas outlet hole of the corresponding gas conversion reactor 5. Specifically, install a plurality of modules 1 in the battery package box, each module 1 is piled up by a plurality of electric cores 2 and is formed.
Fig. 2 shows a specific structure of a single cell 2 in the present invention, wherein the oval slot is a burst opening 4 for burst high-temperature combustible gas when the cell 2 is out of control due to heat.
Fig. 3 is a specific structure of a single gas conversion reactor 5 in the present invention, and the fixing manner of the gas conversion reactor 5 in the battery pack case is diversified, for example, the gas conversion reactor 5 is fixed in a limited manner by providing a groove on the battery cell 2; or the gas conversion reactor 5 is fixed on the battery cell 2 by welding and other modes; or, the gas conversion reactor 5 is fixed on the battery pack case by screwing or the like, so that the gas conversion reactor 5 is positioned above the eruption port 4 of the electric core 2. And, the upper and lower surfaces of the gas conversion reactor 5 are provided with vent holes (the vent hole provided on the lower surface is an air inlet hole, and the vent hole provided on the upper surface is an air outlet hole). After the electric core 2 is thermally sprayed, the sprayed gas can enter the battery pack box body after entering the gas conversion reactor 5 for reaction.
A mixture of catalyst, sulphate and metal oxide is supported in a cavity in the gas conversion reactor 5. The catalyst can be various, such as manganese series, nickel series, cobalt series and other metal and oxide particles thereof, or other forms of composite catalysts, such as active silica molecular sieves modified by nano noble metal particles. Wherein the metal oxide at least comprises: oxides of iron, copper or manganese containing species; the sulfate salt at least comprises: sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or calcium sulfate. The reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas and the metal oxide are subjected to oxidation reduction reaction under the action of the catalyst, the metal oxide is reduced into a metal simple substance, and the generated metal simple substance is used as the catalyst of the non-oxidation reduction reaction; the non-reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas and the sulfate have non-oxidation reduction reaction under the action of the high temperature and the catalyst, so that the non-reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas is converted into the non-combustible gas.
The reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas at least comprises: CO and H 2 (ii) a High temperatureThe non-reducing gas in the combustible gas is methane CH 4 . Due to carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen H 2 The gas has reducibility, can perform oxidation-reduction reaction with most metal oxides (such as iron, copper, manganese and the like) to obtain reduced metal, and the conversion rate of the gas can be close to 100%. In this example, manganomanganic oxide Mn is used 3 O 4 Manganese sesquioxide Mn 2 O 3 Manganese metal powder is exemplified by metal oxide, such as carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen H 2 With mangano-manganic oxide Mn 3 O 4 When the powder is contacted, the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen H 2 Can be converted into carbon dioxide and water, the carbon dioxide can reduce the flammability of gas generated by the battery cell during thermal runaway, and the reactions are all endothermic reactions, so that the temperature of the eruptive airflow can be properly reduced.
In addition, when the high-temperature combustible gas is close to 800 ℃, the melting phenomenon of sodium sulfate occurs, and methane CH in the sodium sulfate gas 4 The components can react with molten sodium sulfate, and the reaction formula is as follows:
as can be seen from the above equation, the combustible gas undergoes a chemical reaction at high temperature and is converted into a non-combustible gas CO 2 Even solid powder Na 2 And S, the concentration of combustible gas is reduced. When the combustibles are reduced to oneAfter the concentration is fixed, open fire is not generated even if the air is contacted. Therefore, the arrangement mode in this embodiment enables high-temperature combustible gas to be converted into non-combustible gas, and further prevents combustible gas from burning when the electric core 2 is out of control due to heat.
In this embodiment, in order to prevent the mixture powder in the gas conversion reactor 5 from being dispersed into the whole battery pack case by the airflow generated by the sprayed high-temperature combustible gas, a layer of metal grid is attached to the air inlet and outlet 51 of the gas conversion reactor 5, and the metal grid can prevent the high-temperature combustible gas from dispersing the mixture in the gas conversion reactor 5, or alternatively, the mixture can be compressed into a cake shape and placed in the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor 5.
In this embodiment, the gas shift reactor 5 may be made of a material having high temperature resistance, such as ceramic or glass.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A power battery system with thermal runaway protection, comprising:
a battery pack case;
the device comprises a plurality of battery cells (2) arranged in a battery pack box body, wherein each battery cell (2) is provided with a eruption port (4) for emitting out-of-control heat supply gas;
the battery pack box comprises a plurality of gas conversion reactors (5) arranged in the battery pack box body, wherein each gas conversion reactor (5) is arranged corresponding to one battery cell (2), and each gas conversion reactor (5) is arranged at a corresponding spraying opening of the battery cell (2); each gas conversion reactor (5) is provided with an air inlet hole for leading combustible gas sprayed from the spraying port (4) of the corresponding cell (2) to enter the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor and an air outlet hole (51) communicated with the inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor; the inner cavity of each gas conversion reactor (5) is internally provided with a mixture formed by sulfate, a catalyst and metal oxide;
high-temperature combustible gas sprayed out when each battery cell (2) is out of control thermally enters an inner cavity of the gas conversion reactor (5) through an air inlet of the corresponding gas conversion reactor (5), and the high-temperature combustible gas and the mixture in the inner cavity of the corresponding gas conversion reactor (5) are subjected to chemical reaction, so that the high-temperature combustible gas is converted into non-combustible gas; the non-combustible gas obtained by conversion is discharged into the battery pack box body through a gas outlet (51) corresponding to the gas conversion reactor (5);
the metal oxide includes at least: oxides of iron, copper or manganese containing species; the sulfate salt at least comprises: sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or calcium sulfate;
the reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas and the metal oxide are subjected to oxidation reduction reaction under the action of a catalyst, the metal oxide is reduced into a metal simple substance, and the generated metal simple substance is used as a catalyst of non-oxidation reduction reaction;
the non-reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas and the sulfate have non-redox reaction under the action of the catalyst at high temperature, so that the non-reducing gas in the high-temperature combustible gas is converted into the non-combustible gas.
2. Power battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that a metal grid is arranged at the inlet and outlet apertures (51) of each gas conversion reactor (5), respectively.
3. Power cell system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixture of the intra-cavity means of the gas conversion reactor (5) is a cake-like mixture formed by compression.
4. The power battery system of claim 1, wherein the reducing gas in the high temperature combustible gas comprises at least: carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen H 2 (ii) a High temperatureThe non-reducing gas in the combustible gas is methane CH 4 。
5. An electric vehicle characterized by comprising the power battery system having a thermal runaway protection function according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011168770.9A CN112350019B (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Power battery system and electric automobile with thermal runaway protect function |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011168770.9A CN112350019B (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Power battery system and electric automobile with thermal runaway protect function |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112350019A CN112350019A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
| CN112350019B true CN112350019B (en) | 2022-08-23 |
Family
ID=74359288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011168770.9A Active CN112350019B (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Power battery system and electric automobile with thermal runaway protect function |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112350019B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023231845A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-07 | 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 | Battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and battery |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2849257A1 (en) * | 2013-09-15 | 2015-03-18 | NingDe Amperex Technology Limited | Lithium ion battery having desirable safety performance |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0792679A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-03 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for removing oxygen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream |
| JP2008218210A (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-18 | Lenovo Singapore Pte Ltd | Battery pack and portable electronic device |
| US9406917B2 (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2016-08-02 | Federal Express Corporation | Battery cooling method and system |
| JP6988308B2 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2022-01-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Battery pack system |
| CN109103389A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-28 | 清华大学 | Lithium ion battery |
| CN109524592A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-03-26 | 固德电材系统（苏州）股份有限公司 | A kind of radiating device of battery pack |
| CN211428210U (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-09-04 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | Battery package upper cover and battery package |
-
2020
- 2020-10-28 CN CN202011168770.9A patent/CN112350019B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2849257A1 (en) * | 2013-09-15 | 2015-03-18 | NingDe Amperex Technology Limited | Lithium ion battery having desirable safety performance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112350019A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101380029B1 (en) | Battery pack, battery-mounted device and connection structure for battery pack | |
| CN103474599B (en) | Lithium ion battery with desired Safety performance and battery pack | |
| US4454207A (en) | Steam reforming of fuel to hydrogen in fuel cells | |
| CN103931020B (en) | Set of cells | |
| EP1953858B1 (en) | Fuel cell | |
| CN112350019B (en) | Power battery system and electric automobile with thermal runaway protect function | |
| CN112038528B (en) | Battery box | |
| JP2011065906A (en) | Battery module | |
| RU2003116515A (en) | MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENERGY SYSTEM (OPTIONS) | |
| US4774152A (en) | Reforming catalyst for fuel cells | |
| CN110513686B (en) | Premixing-free hydrogen catalytic combustion heat supply device | |
| WO2005036668A2 (en) | Fuel cell shutdown and startup purge using a stoichiometric staged combustor | |
| CN114094268B (en) | Power battery protection device and protection method | |
| CN112768819A (en) | Energy storage battery pack with high fire safety and energy storage battery container | |
| CN105552411A (en) | Application of ammonia to SOFC battery and application apparatus of application | |
| WO2023028745A1 (en) | Battery box, battery, electrical device, and method and apparatus for preparing battery | |
| EP2030277A2 (en) | Recuperative exhaust gas processor for a fuel cell system | |
| CN103107348B (en) | A kind of SOFC system coupled mode reforming reactor and electricity generation system | |
| CN216085076U (en) | Case lid, battery package box and power battery package | |
| CN211238360U (en) | Battery flame retardant structure and battery | |
| CN114759309A (en) | Power battery thermal runaway passive safety system | |
| CN113757700B (en) | Hydrogen catalytic combustion hydrogen eliminating device | |
| WO2024016212A1 (en) | Battery and electric device | |
| JPS62254366A (en) | Off-gas purification and combustion device for fuel cell generation system | |
| CN110854337A (en) | Battery flame retardant structure and battery |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: 401133 room 208, 2 house, 39 Yonghe Road, Yu Zui Town, Jiangbei District, Chongqing Patentee after: Deep Blue Automotive Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 401133 room 208, 2 house, 39 Yonghe Road, Yu Zui Town, Jiangbei District, Chongqing Patentee before: CHONGQING CHANGAN NEW ENERGY AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |