CN112349986B - Self-adaptive charging method and system - Google Patents
Self-adaptive charging method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112349986B CN112349986B CN202011231755.4A CN202011231755A CN112349986B CN 112349986 B CN112349986 B CN 112349986B CN 202011231755 A CN202011231755 A CN 202011231755A CN 112349986 B CN112349986 B CN 112349986B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-adaptive charging method and a self-adaptive charging system, and belongs to the technical field of battery charging. The method comprises the steps of pre-charging the battery to obtain the maximum voltage value of the battery, determining the charging current at each charging moment in real time according to the maximum voltage value and the battery state information, and continuously charging the battery by adopting large charging current, so that the active substances of the battery can be fully excited, the battery is fully charged in a short time, the charging speed is improved, the charging time is shortened, and the charging efficiency is improved. The self-adaptive charging method and the self-adaptive charging system also control the charging current not to exceed the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery, thereby avoiding the generation of a large amount of gas in the charging process of the battery and avoiding the damage of the battery caused by violent gas outlet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery charging, in particular to a self-adaptive charging method and a self-adaptive charging system.
Background
When the storage battery is completely discharged, the active substances in the storage battery can be permanently inactivated by untimely charging, and irreversible chemical reaction can occur. Generally, in normal charging, charging is performed by constant current at a charging rate of 8 hours or 10 hours, or a traditional three-stage or multi-stage charging mode is adopted, so that the required charging time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-adaptive charging method and a self-adaptive charging system, which are used for continuously charging a battery by adopting large charging current, fully exciting active substances of the battery, fully charging the battery in a short time, reducing the charging time and improving the charging efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
an adaptive charging method, the charging method comprising the steps of:
determining the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery corresponding to each moment according to the Mass curve, and pre-charging the battery by taking the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery corresponding to each moment as the charging current of each charging moment to obtain the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process;
applying the battery to an actual environment to obtain an application battery;
collecting the capacitance of the application battery, determining initial charging current according to the capacitance, and charging the application battery by taking the initial charging current as the charging current at a first charging moment;
acquiring the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time, and obtaining a real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value; calculating the predicted charging current at the next moment according to the charging current at the current charging moment and the real-time voltage difference; judging whether the predicted charging current is higher than the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery at the corresponding moment, if so, taking the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery at the corresponding moment as the charging current of the next charging moment, and if not, taking the predicted charging current as the charging current of the next charging moment;
and charging the application battery according to the charging current at the next charging moment, and returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value until the application battery is fully charged.
A self-adaptive charging system comprises a microcontroller, a driving circuit, a semiconductor conversion circuit, an application battery and a battery sensor acquisition module;
the battery sensor acquisition module is respectively in communication connection with the application battery and the microcontroller; the battery sensor acquisition module is used for acquiring the battery state information of the application battery in real time and sending the battery state information to the microcontroller; the battery state information comprises the internal resistance and the voltage of the application battery;
the microcontroller, the driving circuit, the semiconductor conversion circuit and the application battery are connected in sequence; the microcontroller is used for determining the charging current at each charging moment according to the battery state information of the application battery;
the driving circuit and the semiconductor conversion circuit are used for outputting charging current at each charging moment to charge the application battery.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. the self-adaptive charging method and the self-adaptive charging system provided by the invention have the advantages that the battery is pre-charged to obtain the maximum voltage value of the battery, the charging current at each charging moment is determined in real time according to the maximum voltage value and the battery state information, the battery is continuously charged by adopting large charging current, the active substances of the battery can be fully excited, the battery is fully charged in a short time, the charging speed is improved, the charging time is shortened, and the charging efficiency is improved. The self-adaptive charging method and the self-adaptive charging system also control the charging current not to exceed the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery, thereby avoiding the generation of a large amount of gas in the charging process of the battery and avoiding the damage of the battery caused by violent gas outlet.
2. According to the self-adaptive charging method and system provided by the invention, when the charging time of the battery reaches the preset charging time, the charging is stopped, so that the resistance polarization can disappear immediately, and the concentration polarization and the electrochemical polarization can also disappear gradually, so that the problem that the acceptable current of the battery is reduced gradually due to the polarization effect generated in the battery is avoided, the capacity of charging equipment can be fully utilized, and the problem that the larger initial charging current needs to be greatly reduced after several seconds (several minutes at most) is avoided. When the charging stopping time reaches the preset charging stopping time, the battery is discharged according to the discharging current, so that the polarization can be eliminated more quickly, the charging current acceptance ratio of the battery is greatly improved, and the battery can be continuously charged by using large current, so that the charging time of the battery is further shortened. Meanwhile, in the charging process, the battery is discharged timely, and the temperature rise of the battery can be restrained by utilizing the property that the discharging reaction of the battery absorbs heat.
3. The self-adaptive charging method and the self-adaptive charging system provided by the invention adopt a self-adaptive charging technology, can self-adapt to the performance change of the battery, improve the charging performance of the battery, accurately calculate the charging current of the battery under any environment and any working condition, and achieve an ideal charging effect. The battery pack has the advantages of high charging speed, high efficiency, good charging quality and self-maintenance performance on the battery, and can repair the sulfated battery and prolong the service life of the battery by more than 2-3 times. In the charging process, the temperature rise is low, no acid mist is separated out, the damage to the battery caused by the temperature rise of the electrolyte and the water loss in the charging process of a conventional charger is eliminated, and the basic requirement of the working environment for online charging of the battery is met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of an adaptive charging method according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an adaptive charging system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a self-adaptive charging method and a self-adaptive charging system, which are used for continuously charging a battery by adopting large charging current, fully exciting active substances of the battery, fully charging the battery in a short time, reducing the charging time and improving the charging efficiency.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1:
the present embodiment is configured to provide an adaptive charging method, as shown in fig. 1, where the charging method includes the following steps:
step 101: determining the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery corresponding to each moment according to the Mass curve, and pre-charging the battery by taking the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery corresponding to each moment as the charging current of each charging moment to obtain the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process;
the gaussian curve used in this example is derived from the three laws of gaussians. In particular, combining the three laws of mars, I ═ I can be deduced0eαtThis formula. Wherein I is the charging current at any charging time, I0The initial charging current, α is the charge acceptance rate, and t is the charging time. I is0The value of alpha is related to the battery type, structure and recency. The charging current at the corresponding time can be calculated from the charging time by using the above formula, and the gaussian curve used in this embodiment refers to a relationship curve between the charging current and the charging time formed by using the above formula.
The three-law of Mass is based on the lowest gas evolution rate of the storage battery, and the maximum charging current which can be accepted by the storage battery is provided, so that some basic laws of pulse rapid charging of the storage battery are obtained. Specifically, the three laws of mas are: law 1: for any given discharge current, the battery charge current acceptance ratio is inversely proportional to the square root of the battery discharged capacity. Law 2: for any given amount of discharge, the battery charge current acceptance ratio is proportional to the logarithm of the discharge current. Law 3: after the battery is discharged at different discharge rates, the final allowable charging current (acceptance capacity) of the battery is the sum of the allowable charging currents at the respective discharge rates.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the battery described herein is to be understood in its broadest sense and may be a battery, any number of battery packs or any other type of secondary battery.
Specifically, the obtaining of the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process includes: acquiring the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery in real time in the pre-charging process to obtain the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery at each charging moment; determining a discharge current at each charging moment according to the battery capacity; determining the battery voltage at each charging moment according to the discharge current, the internal resistance of the battery and the open-circuit voltage of the battery; drawing a battery voltage change curve graph according to the battery voltage at each charging moment; and determining the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process according to the battery voltage change curve graph.
The relationship between the discharge current and the battery capacity is as follows:
I＝1C； (1)
in formula 1, I is the discharge current and C is the battery capacitance.
The battery voltage is calculated as follows:
V＝V0-I·r； (2)
in formula 2, V is the battery voltage, V0Is the open circuit voltage of the battery and r is the internal resistance of the battery.
In addition, after obtaining the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery at each charging time, the charging method further comprises: drawing a relation curve between the internal resistance of the battery and the electric capacity of the battery according to the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery at each charging moment; and fitting according to the relation curve to obtain a relation function between the battery internal resistance and the battery capacitance. Furthermore, during the actual charging process, the battery capacity can be determined by detecting the internal resistance of the battery.
Further, after the battery voltage at each charging time and the battery capacity at each charging time are obtained by the above method, a corresponding relationship curve between the battery voltage and the battery capacity may be plotted. Because different storage battery types or different storage battery groups can influence the relation between the battery voltage and the battery capacitance, the battery capacitance data can be obtained more accurately and in real time through the relation curve between the battery voltage and the battery capacitance.
As an alternative embodiment, after the battery is pre-charged by the method, the battery is discharged by a constant current to perform discharge maintenance on the battery. In addition, during the discharging process, the internal resistance of the battery is collected in real time through the amplifying circuit, and a battery internal resistance change curve is drawn, so that the battery state can be judged from the battery internal resistance change curve, and abnormal states such as battery failure, battery capacity insufficiency, improper charging and discharging and the like can be judged from the battery internal resistance change curve.
Step 102: applying the battery to an actual environment to obtain an application battery;
step 103: collecting the capacitance of the application battery, determining initial charging current according to the capacitance, and charging the application battery by taking the initial charging current as the charging current at a first charging moment;
the initial charging current is: 1.02C-1.05C, wherein C is the electric capacity of the applied battery.
Step 104: acquiring the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time, and obtaining a real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value; calculating the predicted charging current at the next moment according to the charging current at the current charging moment and the real-time voltage difference; judging whether the predicted charging current is higher than the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery at the corresponding moment, if so, taking the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery at the corresponding moment as the charging current of the next charging moment, and if not, taking the predicted charging current as the charging current of the next charging moment;
the real-time voltage difference is the difference between the maximum voltage value and the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment.
The calculating the predicted charging current at the next moment according to the charging current at the current charging moment and the real-time voltage difference specifically comprises:
i(t+1)＝i(t)[1-eR·ΔV]； (3)
in formula 3, i (t +1) is the predicted charging current at the next time; i (t) is the charging current at the current charging moment; r is the equivalent resistance of the charging circuit, in particular to the resistance value of a conventional rectifying and transforming circuit contained in the semiconductor conversion circuit; Δ V is the real-time voltage difference.
Step 105: and charging the application battery according to the charging current at the next charging moment, and returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value until the application battery is fully charged.
The adaptive charging method provided by this embodiment pre-charges the battery to obtain the maximum voltage value of the battery, determines the charging current at the next charging time in real time according to the maximum voltage value and the charging current at the current charging time to predict the charging current at each charging time, and continuously charges the battery with a large charging current, so as to sufficiently excite the active material of the battery, fully charge the battery in a short time, increase the charging speed, reduce the charging time, and increase the charging efficiency. In addition, the self-adaptive charging method of the embodiment also controls the charging current not to exceed the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery, so that the battery can be prevented from generating a large amount of gas in the charging process, and the damage to the battery caused by violent gas outlet is avoided.
As an optional implementation manner, after the application battery is charged according to the charging current at the next charging time, the charging method further includes:
judging whether the charging time of the application battery reaches a preset charging time or not to obtain a first judgment result;
when the first judgment result is yes, stopping charging, collecting the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery, and determining the discharge current according to the capacitance of the application battery; discharging the application battery according to the discharge current until the charging stopping time reaches the preset charging stopping time; stopping discharging until the discharging time reaches the preset discharging time, and returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining a real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value;
and when the first judgment result is negative, returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value.
The preset charging time is 5-7 minutes, the preset charging stopping time is 10s, the charging stopping can be used for relieving temperature rise, the preset discharging time is less than or equal to 0.1s, gas precipitation can be reduced by short-time discharging, and sulfation of active substances in the battery can be relieved. And determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the collected internal resistance of the application battery by using the relation function between the internal resistance of the battery and the capacitance of the battery obtained in the step 101. The discharge current is 1C, where C is the capacity of the applied battery, and the discharge current is obtained by applying the capacity of the battery.
The self-adaptive charging method provided by the embodiment can also charge the application battery according to the charging process of charging for a certain time, stopping charging for a certain time and then discharging for a certain time, when the charging time of the application battery reaches the preset charging time, the charging is stopped, further, the resistance polarization can disappear immediately, the concentration polarization and the electrochemical polarization can also disappear gradually, so that the problem that the acceptable current of the battery is reduced gradually due to the polarization effect generated inside the application battery is solved, the capacity of the charging equipment can be fully utilized, and the problem that the larger initial charging current needs to be greatly reduced after several seconds (several minutes at most) is solved. When the charging stopping time reaches the preset charging stopping time, the application battery is discharged according to the discharging current, so that the polarization can be eliminated more quickly, the charging current acceptance ratio of the application battery is greatly improved, the application battery can be continuously charged by using large current, and the charging time of the application battery is further shortened. Meanwhile, the application battery is discharged timely, and the temperature rise of the application battery can be restrained by utilizing the property that the discharge reaction of the application battery absorbs heat.
As another optional implementation, after the application battery is charged according to the charging current at the next charging time, the charging method further includes:
collecting charging voltage in the charging process of the application battery, and judging whether the charging voltage is higher than a preset charging voltage in real time to obtain a first judgment result;
when the first judgment result is yes, acquiring the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery, determining the discharge current according to the capacitance of the application battery, discharging the application battery according to the discharge current, stopping discharging until the discharge time reaches the preset discharge time, and returning to the step of acquiring the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value;
and when the first judgment result is negative, returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value.
Wherein, the short-time overvoltage charging is allowed in the charging process, and the preset charging voltage is lower than 1.05 times of the rated voltage of the battery. The preset discharge time is less than or equal to 0.1s, and the gas precipitation can be reduced by short-time discharge, so that the sulfation of active substances in the battery is relieved. And determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the collected internal resistance of the application battery by using the relation function between the internal resistance of the battery and the capacitance of the battery obtained in the step 101. The discharge current is 1C, where C is the capacity of the applied battery, and the discharge current is obtained by applying the capacity of the battery.
The self-adaptive charging method provided by the embodiment adopts a self-adaptive charging technology, can self-adapt to the performance change of the battery, improves the charging performance of the battery, accurately calculates the charging current of the battery under any working condition in any environment, and achieves an ideal charging effect. And the charging speed is high, the efficiency is high, under normal conditions, the charging time only needs 3-5 hours, the complementary charging time is less than 1 hour, and the longest repairing time of the sulfation battery is not more than 10 hours. The charging quality is good, and the large-current starting capacity of the storage battery can be improved by more than 2 times. The battery has self-maintenance performance, and the sulfated battery can be repaired, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged by more than 2-3 times. In the charging process, the temperature rise is low, no acid mist is separated out, the damage to the battery caused by the temperature rise of the electrolyte and the water loss in the charging process of a conventional charger is eliminated, and the basic requirement of the working environment for online charging of the battery is met.
Example 2:
the present embodiment is configured to provide a self-adaptive charging system, which works by using the above charging method, as shown in fig. 2, the charging system includes a microcontroller, a driving circuit, a semiconductor conversion circuit, an application battery, and a battery sensor acquisition module;
the battery sensor acquisition module is respectively in communication connection with the application battery and the microcontroller; the battery sensor acquisition module is used for acquiring the battery state information of the application battery in real time and sending the battery state information to the microcontroller; the battery state information comprises the internal resistance and the voltage of the application battery; an ADC converter is further arranged between the battery sensor acquisition module and the microcontroller and is used for converting the analog signals into digital signals.
The microcontroller, the driving circuit, the semiconductor conversion circuit and the application battery are connected in sequence; the microcontroller is used for determining the charging current at each charging moment according to the battery state information of the application battery;
the driving circuit and the semiconductor conversion circuit are used for outputting charging current at each charging moment to charge the application battery.
Further, the microcontroller is further configured to stop charging when the charging time of the application battery reaches a preset charging time; determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, and determining the discharge current according to the capacitance of the application battery; discharging the application battery according to the discharge current until the charging stopping time reaches the preset charging stopping time; and stopping discharging until the discharging time reaches the preset discharging time, and charging the application battery.
The charging system further comprises a high-power discharging resistor, the high-power discharging resistor is connected with the application battery in series, and when the application battery needs to be discharged, discharging current is provided for the series loop through the microcontroller, so that the discharging process of the application battery is completed.
It should be noted that the charging and discharging according to the present invention refers to pulse charging and pulse discharging.
As an optional implementation manner, the battery sensor acquisition module is further configured to acquire a charging voltage in the application battery charging process in real time and send the charging voltage to the microcontroller;
the microcontroller is also used for judging whether the charging voltage is higher than a preset charging voltage in real time to obtain a first judgment result; and when the first judgment result is yes, determining the electric capacity of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, determining the discharge current according to the electric capacity of the application battery, discharging the application battery according to the discharge current, stopping discharging until the discharge time reaches the preset discharge time, and charging the application battery.
In addition, the charging system further comprises a super capacitor battery;
the super capacitor battery is respectively electrically connected with the microcontroller, the driving circuit, the semiconductor conversion circuit and the battery sensor acquisition module, and is used for supplying power to the microcontroller, the driving circuit, the semiconductor conversion circuit and the battery sensor acquisition module.
The self-adaptive charging system provided by the embodiment collects the state information of the battery in real time, determines the charging current at each charging moment in real time according to the state information of the battery by using the microcontroller, and continuously charges the battery by adopting large charging current, so that the active substances of the battery can be fully excited, the battery is fully charged in a short time, the charging speed is improved, the charging time is shortened, and the charging efficiency is improved.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An adaptive charging method, characterized in that the charging method comprises the following steps:
determining the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery corresponding to each moment according to the Mass curve, and pre-charging the battery by taking the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery corresponding to each moment as the charging current of each charging moment to obtain the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process;
the obtaining of the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process specifically includes:
acquiring the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery in real time in the pre-charging process to obtain the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery at each charging moment;
determining a discharge current at each charging moment according to the battery capacity;
determining the battery voltage at each charging moment according to the discharge current, the internal resistance of the battery and the open-circuit voltage of the battery;
drawing a battery voltage change curve graph according to the battery voltage at each charging moment;
determining the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process according to the battery voltage change curve graph;
applying the battery to an actual environment to obtain an application battery;
collecting the capacitance of the application battery, determining initial charging current according to the capacitance, and charging the application battery by taking the initial charging current as the charging current at a first charging moment;
acquiring the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time, and obtaining a real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value; calculating the predicted charging current at the next moment according to the charging current at the current charging moment and the real-time voltage difference; judging whether the predicted charging current is higher than the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery at the corresponding moment, if so, taking the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery at the corresponding moment as the charging current of the next charging moment, and if not, taking the predicted charging current as the charging current of the next charging moment;
charging the application battery according to the charging current at the next charging moment, and returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value until the application battery is fully charged;
the calculating the predicted charging current at the next moment according to the charging current at the current charging moment and the real-time voltage difference specifically comprises:
i(t+1)＝i(t)[1-eR·ΔV]；
wherein i (t +1) is the predicted charging current at the next moment; i (t) is the charging current at the current charging moment; r is the equivalent resistance of the charging circuit, in particular to the resistance value of a conventional rectifying and transforming circuit contained in the semiconductor conversion circuit; Δ V is the real-time voltage difference;
after the application battery is charged according to the charging current at the next charging time, the charging method further includes:
collecting charging voltage in the charging process of the application battery, and judging whether the charging voltage is higher than a preset charging voltage in real time to obtain a first judgment result;
when the first judgment result is yes, acquiring the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery, determining the discharge current according to the capacitance of the application battery, discharging the application battery according to the discharge current, stopping discharging until the discharge time reaches the preset discharge time, and returning to the step of acquiring the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value;
and when the first judgment result is negative, returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value.
2. An adaptive charging method according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery at each charging time, the charging method further comprises:
drawing a relation curve between the internal resistance of the battery and the electric capacity of the battery according to the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery at each charging moment;
and fitting according to the relation curve to obtain a relation function between the battery internal resistance and the battery capacitance.
3. An adaptive charging method according to claim 2, wherein after the charging of the application battery according to the charging current at the next charging time, the charging method further comprises:
judging whether the charging time of the application battery reaches a preset charging time or not to obtain a first judgment result;
when the first judgment result is yes, stopping charging, collecting the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery, and determining the discharge current according to the capacitance of the application battery; discharging the application battery according to the discharge current until the charging stopping time reaches the preset charging stopping time; stopping discharging until the discharging time reaches the preset discharging time, and returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining a real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value;
and when the first judgment result is negative, returning to the step of collecting the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment in real time and obtaining the real-time voltage difference according to the maximum voltage value.
4. An adaptive charging system operating with the charging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the charging system comprises a microcontroller, a driving circuit, a semiconductor conversion circuit, an application battery, a battery sensor acquisition module;
the battery sensor acquisition module is respectively in communication connection with the application battery and the microcontroller; the battery sensor acquisition module is used for acquiring the battery state information of the application battery in real time and sending the battery state information to the microcontroller; the battery state information comprises the internal resistance and the voltage of the application battery;
the microcontroller, the driving circuit, the semiconductor conversion circuit and the application battery are connected in sequence; the microcontroller is used for determining the charging current at each charging moment according to the battery state information of the application battery;
the microcontroller is configured to determine a charging current at each charging time according to the battery state information of the application battery, and specifically includes:
i(t+1)＝i(t)[1-eR·ΔV]；
wherein i (t +1) is the predicted charging current at the next moment; i (t) is the charging current at the current charging moment; r is the equivalent resistance of the charging circuit, in particular to the resistance value of a conventional rectifying and transforming circuit contained in the semiconductor conversion circuit; Δ V is the real-time voltage difference; the real-time voltage difference is the difference between the maximum voltage value and the voltage of the application battery at the current charging moment; the maximum voltage value is obtained when the maximum acceptable charging current of the battery corresponding to each moment determined according to the Gaussian curve is taken as the charging current of each charging moment to pre-charge the battery;
the obtaining of the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process specifically includes: acquiring the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery in real time in the pre-charging process to obtain the internal resistance and the electric capacity of the battery at each charging moment; determining a discharge current at each charging moment according to the battery capacity; determining the battery voltage at each charging moment according to the discharge current, the internal resistance of the battery and the open-circuit voltage of the battery; drawing a battery voltage change curve graph according to the battery voltage at each charging moment; determining the maximum voltage value of the battery in the pre-charging process according to the battery voltage change curve graph;
the driving circuit and the semiconductor conversion circuit are used for outputting charging current at each charging moment to charge the application battery;
the battery sensor acquisition module is also used for acquiring the charging voltage in the application battery charging process in real time and sending the charging voltage to the microcontroller;
the microcontroller is also used for judging whether the charging voltage is higher than a preset charging voltage in real time to obtain a first judgment result; and when the first judgment result is yes, determining the electric capacity of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, determining the discharge current according to the electric capacity of the application battery, discharging the application battery according to the discharge current, stopping discharging until the discharge time reaches the preset discharge time, and charging the application battery.
5. The adaptive charging system of claim 4, wherein the microcontroller is further configured to stop charging when the charging time of the application battery reaches a preset charging time; determining the capacitance of the application battery according to the internal resistance of the application battery at the current charging moment, and determining the discharge current according to the capacitance of the application battery; discharging the application battery according to the discharge current until the charging stopping time reaches the preset charging stopping time; and stopping discharging until the discharging time reaches the preset discharging time, and charging the application battery.
6. The adaptive charging system of claim 4, wherein the charging system further comprises a super capacitor battery;
the super capacitor battery is respectively electrically connected with the microcontroller, the driving circuit, the semiconductor conversion circuit and the battery sensor acquisition module, and is used for supplying power to the microcontroller, the driving circuit, the semiconductor conversion circuit and the battery sensor acquisition module.
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