CN112349977A - Method for improving charging qualification rate of returned battery - Google Patents

Method for improving charging qualification rate of returned battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112349977A
CN112349977A CN202011064992.6A CN202011064992A CN112349977A CN 112349977 A CN112349977 A CN 112349977A CN 202011064992 A CN202011064992 A CN 202011064992A CN 112349977 A CN112349977 A CN 112349977A
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batteries
battery
discharge
circuit voltage
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CN112349977B (en
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汤序锋
欧阳万忠
周代辉
张天任
高银
王娟
田庆山
施璐
李丹
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Tianneng Battery Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285Testing apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the charging qualification rate of returned batteries, which comprises the following steps: (1) detecting the open circuit voltage of the battery for screening; (2) carrying out heavy current discharge for 3-5s by adopting 2.5 times of discharge current with the rate of 2 hours for three times continuously to obtain a closed circuit voltage value of the battery after each discharge, calculating to obtain the voltage drop of the closed circuit voltage value after each discharge compared with the voltage value before discharge, and selecting the batteries of which the closed circuit voltage values after three times of discharge are all more than or equal to 9.0V and the voltage drops are all less than or equal to 2.0V; (3) grading the battery, and repairing the battery through a charging and discharging process. According to the method, batteries with abnormal capacity, internal short circuit of the batteries and poor conductivity of the batteries due to boundary layer problems of internal factors of the batteries can be quickly screened out by continuously discharging for three times at a high current rate, unqualified batteries or batteries with potential quality hazards can be eliminated in the early stage, the detection and judgment accuracy of early-stage battery classification is improved, the on-machine charging qualification rate is improved, and the energy consumption is saved.

Description

Method for improving charging qualification rate of returned battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of storage batteries, in particular to a method for improving the charging qualification rate of returned batteries.
Background
The lead-acid storage battery for the electric bicycle is generally formed by connecting 4 or 5 12V batteries in series to form a battery pack for use, and a single 12V battery is formed by connecting 6 2V cells in series.
Batteries returned for various reasons are frequently available in the market, some returned batteries are really serious problems and can only be scrapped, and some batteries can be continuously used after being repaired by a certain method.
The invention with the publication number of CN110212256A discloses a method for repairing and matching returned storage batteries. The invention relates to a repairing and matching method for returned storage batteries, which comprises the steps of grading through open-circuit voltage, serially connecting for repairing, using the time for maintaining low voltage and low level in the repairing process as the basis for grading for repairing, and finally performing rejection and screening by combining the charging voltage and capacity detection conditions of the repaired batteries.
The invention with the publication number of CN111082167A discloses a method for repairing returned storage batteries. The method for repairing the returned storage battery is based on the actual situation of the current after-sale battery, the battery qualified in initial inspection is rapidly judged, the battery is classified into unrepairable, easily repaired and difficultly repaired, different repairing methods are respectively adopted to repair the battery after classification, and the similar batteries are matched for use, so that the reliability of the repaired battery is improved, the production cost of the after-sale battery is reduced, and the consistency of the after-sale battery is improved.
In the prior art, only one-time discharging is generally adopted during initial inspection, available batteries are screened, maintenance and formation charging are carried out, however, the result of one-time discharging possibly has inaccurate misjudgment or has potential quality hazard risks, so that after the charging is carried out during on-machine maintenance, the secondary rejection rate is high, the charging qualification rate is low, the charging efficiency is low, and particularly, the full-load work of the charger is carried out at the time of a goods return peak.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the qualified rate of returned battery charging.
A method of increasing rejected battery charge acceptance, comprising the steps of:
(1) detecting the open-circuit voltage of the battery, and rejecting the battery with the open-circuit voltage value less than 11.7V;
(2) carrying out heavy current discharge for 3-5s by adopting 2.5 times of discharge current with the rate of 2 hours for three times continuously to obtain a closed circuit voltage value of the battery after each discharge, calculating to obtain the voltage drop of the closed circuit voltage value after each discharge compared with the voltage value before the discharge, and selecting the battery with the closed circuit voltage value more than or equal to 9.0V after three times of discharge and the voltage drop of the adjacent two times of discharge less than or equal to 2.0V;
(3) grading the batteries selected in the step (2) according to the closed-circuit voltage value of the batteries subjected to the last heavy current rapid discharge, connecting a plurality of batteries in the same grade in series, and performing charge-discharge process repair in the same circuit.
Preferably, the voltage is classified into three stages in the step (3), and the three stages are respectively:
a first gear: the closed circuit voltage value is less than or equal to 9.0V and less than 10.0V;
a second gear: the closed circuit voltage value is more than or equal to 10.0V and less than 11.0V;
third gear: the closed circuit voltage value is less than or equal to 11.0V.
Preferably, in step (3), 18 batteries in the same gear are connected in series.
Preferably, when the charging and discharging are repaired in the step (3), the current is reduced by stages for charging, then the current is discharged for 2.0 hours at a rate of 2 hours, the closed-circuit voltage is terminated, and the single battery with the voltage of 10.5V is classified, wherein batteries with the voltage of not less than 10.5V belong to batteries with qualified capacity detection; the batteries with the voltage of less than 10.5V belong to inferior goods and are put on shelves, and are serially connected with 18 batteries with the voltage of less than 10.5V in other loops, then the batteries are subjected to secondary stage current reduction charging, and then the capacity detection is carried out under the same condition as the first time again, if the batteries which are unqualified again are degraded or scrapped;
and finally, recharging the battery with qualified capacity detection to fully charge the battery.
More preferably, in the case of stepwise decreasing current charging, the 12Ah battery is charged first with 1.8A current for 10 hours, then with 1.0A for 3 hours, and finally with 0.5A for 2 hours.
More preferably, in the case of the stepwise decreasing current charging, the 20Ah battery is charged at a current of 2.6A for 2 hours, then discharged at a current of 10A for 1 hour, then charged at a current of 2.5A for 5 hours, then charged at a current of 2.0A for 5 hours, and finally charged at a current of 1.0A for 4 hours.
More preferably, the discharge current is recharged at a rate of 0.5 times 2 hours for 8 hours during recharging.
Preferably, after the repair is completed, batteries with qualified capacity detection are matched, when matching, batteries with open-circuit voltage less than 13.1V after recharging is completed are removed, the rest qualified batteries are classified and matched, when classified and matched, the batteries are matched and used as turnover batteries under the conditions that the discharge termination voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.50V, the open-circuit voltage is 13.1-13.4V and the open-circuit voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.03V after discharging current discharging for 2.0h at a rate of 2 hours, and after matching, the rest qualified batteries are matched and used as maintenance batteries under the conditions that the discharge termination voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.10-13.45V, the discharge termination voltage differential pressure is more than 0.50V and less than or equal to 0.65V and the open-circuit voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.04V after discharging current discharging for 2.0h at. Among them, it is further preferable that after the completion of the recharging, the open circuit voltage is detected after the standing for at least 24 hours.
According to the method, batteries with abnormal capacity, internal short circuit of the batteries and poor conductivity of the batteries due to boundary layer problems of internal factors of the batteries can be quickly screened out by continuously discharging for three times at a high current rate, unqualified batteries or batteries with potential quality hazards can be eliminated in the early stage, the detection and judgment accuracy of early-stage battery classification is improved, the on-machine charging qualification rate is improved, and the energy consumption is saved. And the qualified rate of finished battery matching is improved.
Detailed Description
Comparative example 1
Returning to the warehouse in three months of 5, 6 and 7 in the same period of the previous year for 200 ten thousand batteries of 6-DZF-12 and 6-DZF-20, and performing a battery detection judgment process in a selection workshop according to the prior art, wherein the execution process comprises the following one and two items. The batteries after detection and screening are sent to a maintenance workshop to be subjected to a charging and discharging process (table 1), and the qualified condition of battery matching is shown in table 2.
Mono, 6-DZF-12
1. Firstly, a voltmeter is used for measuring the open-circuit voltage of each produced returned battery (because the returned batteries are generally fully charged, if the returned batteries are not fully charged, the returned batteries are easily judged to be over-discharge fault batteries due to low voltage when the returned batteries are put into a factory for measurement, so that the batteries with the open-circuit voltage of more than or equal to 11.50V are selected and discharged for 3-5s by a large current of 30A. And calculating the difference value (voltage drop) between the termination voltage of the large-current discharge and the voltage before discharge, and if each voltage drop in the same group is less than or equal to 1.8V, performing single charging and single discharging detection on the machine. If 1 or more batteries in the battery pack have a voltage drop larger than 1.8V, 1 battery with the lowest voltage in the battery pack is dissected, and the rest batteries are discarded, if the voltage drop is less than or equal to 1.8V after the heavy current measurement, the rest batteries are picked for reuse; and returning to the client if the appearance reason exists.
2. Other voltmeters measure open circuit voltage, which is <11.50V cells discharged for 3-5s at 30A high current. And calculating the difference value (voltage drop) between the termination voltage of the large-current discharge and the voltage before discharge, and if each voltage drop in the same group is less than or equal to 2.0V, performing single charging and single discharging detection on the machine. If 1 or a plurality of batteries in the battery pack have pressure drop of more than 2.0V, the lowest 1 battery is dissected and the others are scrapped; the pressure drop is less than or equal to 2.0V, and the waste water is removed for recycling; and returning to the client if the appearance reason exists. The entire set of open circuit voltages <10.5V over-discharge is returned to the customer.
3. Wherein the voltmeter measures that the open-circuit voltage is less than 8.0V, and the battery is discharged for 3-5s through the large current of 30A. As long as the voltage is not 0V, single charging and single discharging detection is carried out on the machine; and returning to the client if the appearance reason exists. The entire set of open circuit voltages <10.5V over-discharge is returned to the customer.
Di, 6-DZF-20
1. And measuring the voltage of each cell of the returned cell, wherein the open-circuit voltage of the cell is more than or equal to 11.50V, and the cell is discharged for 3-5S through the large current of 30A. And if each voltage drop in the same group is less than or equal to 1.6V, performing single charging and single discharging detection on the machine. If 1 or a plurality of batteries in the battery pack have pressure drop larger than 1.6V, the lowest 1 battery is dissected and the others are scrapped; if the pressure drop is less than or equal to 1.6V after the heavy current measurement, the materials are reused; if the appearance reason is existed, the process is returned.
2. Other voltmeters measure open circuit voltage < 11.5V batteries are discharged for 3-5S through 30A high current. And if each voltage drop in the same group is less than or equal to 1.8V, performing single charging and single discharging detection on the machine. If 1 or a plurality of batteries in the battery pack have a pressure drop larger than 1.8V, the lowest 1 battery is dissected and the others are scrapped; if the pressure drop is less than or equal to 1.8V after the heavy current measurement, the steel is reused; if the appearance reason is existed, the process is returned. And (4) enabling the whole group of open circuit voltages to be less than 10.5V for overdischarge, and returning. The screening rate is 92%.
3. The battery with the open-circuit voltage less than 8.0V is discharged for 3-5s through the large current of 30A. As long as the voltage is not 0V, single charging and single discharging detection is carried out on the machine; if the appearance reason is existed, the process is returned. And the whole set of open-circuit voltage is less than 10.5V and overdischarged, and the whole set of open-circuit voltage returns. The screening rate is 70%.
The maintenance shop charging process is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002713497210000041
TABLE 2 Battery grouping qualification rate for maintenance shop
Figure BDA0002713497210000042
Figure BDA0002713497210000051
Batteries with discharge time more than or equal to 120min are subjected to centralized stacking to carry out battery matching and delivery; stacking the batteries for 110-120min, and then performing secondary charging and discharging screening and secondary matching; the battery is used as a battery without three bags in 60-110 min; discarding the batteries below 60min and returning to the furnace; the average qualified rate of finished battery matching is 38.22%; the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 1
Returning to the warehouse for the quantity of 200 ten thousand batteries of 6-DZF-12 and 6-DZF-20 in three months of the same period of 5, 6 and 7 in the previous year, and performing a battery detection judgment process in a detection workshop according to the invention, wherein the execution process comprises the following steps 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The batteries after detection and screening are sent to a maintenance workshop to be subjected to a charging and discharging process, and the qualified condition of battery matching is shown in table 4.
1. The returned batteries are classified according to the shelf life of the returned batteries within 8 months and outside 8 months, wherein the returned batteries account for 36.8 percent within 8 months and account for 63.2 percent outside 8 months. The method is characterized in that the 12Ah and 20Ah batteries are firstly measured and screened by adopting voltmeter batteries, voltage values larger than or equal to 11.7V (12V batteries, namely, cell voltage is 1.95V) are uniformly adopted to pick out the batteries and are marked on the voltage value of a shell at the upper end of the battery, so that the first step of screening the batteries can be realized, and other batteries are subjected to anatomical analysis and scrapping. The screening rate (meeting the condition of more than or equal to 11.7V) of the first-step screening reaches 90 percent.
2. And (4) discharging for 3-5S (large current discharge) again according to the discharge current corresponding to different battery specifications, wherein the 12Ah battery adopts the discharge current: 30A (2.5 times C)2Current flow); the discharge current for batteries above 20Ah was: 50A (2.5 times C)2Current flow).
After the returned battery pack is discharged by heavy current, the closed circuit voltage of a single battery in the battery pack is more than or equal to 9V (12V battery, namely, the single cell voltage is 0.75V), one or more batteries in the battery pack are discharged, the rapid reduction pressure difference is more than 2V, the batteries belong to the batteries with abnormal battery capacity except for the judgment of human factors, the reduction pressure difference is less than or equal to 2V, the usable single battery on the concentrated placement tray is selected, and the next detection and judgment process can be carried out.
The continuous 3 times of discharging (namely screening by 3 times of heavy current discharging) is carried out corresponding to the same current value, the attenuation amplitude of each time of battery voltage reduction is judged according to the attenuation voltage value condition, and the battery voltage falls to be qualified in the following voltage drop voltage value range and is sent to a maintenance workshop for charging and discharging to be matched and reused. The screening rate of this step was 60%.
And (3) the qualified standards of the final voltage value and the voltage drop after continuous 3 times of heavy current discharge are as follows:
12Ah cell:
30A is discharged for 3-5s for the first time until the end voltage value is more than or equal to 11.7 v;
30A, respectively detecting the termination voltage value in the second and third discharges for 3-5s, and calculating the voltage drop of the termination voltage value after the two adjacent discharges, wherein the voltage drop is less than or equal to 2.0V each time;
20Ah cell:
the 50A first discharge is carried out for 3-5s, and the final voltage value is more than or equal to 11.7 v;
after the voltage values of the second discharge and the third discharge of 50A are terminated for 3-5s, calculating the voltage drop of the voltage values after the two adjacent discharges, wherein the voltage drop is less than or equal to 2.0V each time;
3. the batteries which are qualified after the 3 times of heavy current discharge are classified according to the voltage levels screened by the tests, 18 batteries are connected in series on the same charger loop to perform the charging and discharging process, the performance consistency of the batteries is improved, the poor secondary bulge and scrap caused by the overlarge performance difference of the batteries are reduced, and the on-machine charging qualification rate of the batteries is improved.
Wherein, the first stage screening charge and discharge process is as the following table 3. The second stage process comprises discharging at a current rate of 2 hours, wherein the discharge termination voltage is 10.5V, the battery with the final discharge time of more than or equal to 120 minutes belongs to a qualified battery, and the qualified battery is fully recharged in the third stage; the battery with the final discharge time less than 120 minutes belongs to an unqualified battery, the unqualified battery is also subjected to third-stage recharging and full charging, wherein the battery with the final discharge time more than or equal to 110 minutes is subjected to a second-stage process again, the battery is discharged at the current rate of 2 hours, the discharge termination voltage is 10.5V, the battery with the final discharge time more than or equal to 120 minutes belongs to a qualified battery, the qualified battery is matched with the qualified battery during first charging and discharging after being subjected to third-stage recharging and full charging, the unqualified battery is degraded and recycled or scrapped, for example, the battery with the discharge time more than or equal to 60 minutes can be used as a battery without three packs, and the battery with the discharge time less than.
The qualified batteries are matched, open-circuit voltage is detected firstly when the qualified batteries are matched, the qualified batteries need to stand for 24 hours after being placed on and off a charger loop, then the open-circuit voltage is detected, the open-circuit voltage of the batteries is less than 13.1V to be removed (degraded for use or scrapped), the rest batteries are classified and matched according to the conditions in the table 4, the condition corresponding to the turnover batteries is preferentially matched to obtain the turnover batteries, and the condition corresponding to the maintenance batteries is used for matching the rest batteries to obtain the maintenance batteries, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: when matching, firstly rejecting the batteries with the open-circuit voltage less than 13.1V after recharging, classifying and matching the remaining qualified batteries, firstly matching the batteries as turnover batteries under the conditions that the discharge termination voltage differential pressure of the second stage in the charging and discharging process is less than or equal to 0.50V, the open-circuit voltage is 13.1-13.4V and the open-circuit voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.03V, and matching the remaining qualified batteries as maintenance batteries under the conditions that the open-circuit voltage is 13.1-13.45V, the discharge termination voltage differential pressure of the second stage is less than or equal to 0.50V, and the open-circuit voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.65V.
TABLE 3 maintenance shop charging and discharging Process
Figure BDA0002713497210000071
TABLE 4 qualified open-circuit voltage matching conditions for batteries
Figure BDA0002713497210000072
TABLE 5 Battery grouping qualification rate for maintenance shop
Figure BDA0002713497210000073
Figure BDA0002713497210000081
The final match yield is shown in table 5. The average qualification rate of finished battery matching is 43.7%, which is 5.48% higher than that of the prior method in the comparative example 1, and the method saves 20% of energy consumption and 3 workers.
The average total matching qualification rate of the test process for three months is higher than that of the comparative process.

Claims (9)

1. A method for increasing rejected battery charge acceptance, comprising the steps of:
(1) detecting the open-circuit voltage of the battery, and rejecting the battery with the open-circuit voltage value less than 11.7V;
(2) carrying out heavy current discharge for 3-5s by adopting 2.5 times of discharge current with the rate of 2 hours for three times continuously to obtain a closed circuit voltage value of the battery after each discharge, calculating to obtain the voltage drop of the closed circuit voltage value after each discharge compared with the voltage value before the discharge, and selecting the battery with the closed circuit voltage values of more than or equal to 9.0V after three times of discharge and the voltage drop of less than or equal to 2.0V after two adjacent times of discharge;
(3) grading the batteries selected in the step (2) according to the closed-circuit voltage value of the batteries subjected to the last heavy current rapid discharge, connecting a plurality of batteries in the same grade in series, and performing charge-discharge process repair in the same circuit.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage is shifted in step (3) into three steps, which are:
a first gear: the closed circuit voltage value is less than or equal to 9.0V and less than 10.0V;
a second gear: the closed circuit voltage value is more than or equal to 10.0V and less than 11.0V;
third gear: the closed circuit voltage value is less than or equal to 11.0V.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein 18 cells in the same bank are connected in series in step (3).
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, during the charge and discharge repair in step (3), the current is reduced in stages for charging, and then the current is discharged for 2.0h at a rate of 2h, so that the closed-circuit voltage is terminated, and the single battery with the voltage of 10.5V or more is classified, wherein the battery with the voltage of 10.5V or more belongs to the battery with qualified capacity detection; the batteries with the voltage of less than 10.5V belong to inferior goods and are put on shelves, and are serially connected with 18 batteries with the voltage of less than 10.5V in other loops, then the batteries are subjected to secondary stage current reduction charging, and then the capacity detection is carried out under the same condition as the first time again, if the batteries which are unqualified again are degraded or scrapped;
and finally, recharging the battery with qualified capacity detection to fully charge the battery.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the current is stepped down to charge the 12Ah battery by first charging for 10h at 1.8A, then charging for 3h at 1.0A, and finally charging for 2h at 0.5A.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step down current charging is performed by charging a 20Ah battery for 2h with 2.6A, discharging for 1h with 10A, charging for 5h with 2.5A, charging for 5h with 2.0A, and charging for 4h with 1.0A.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the discharging current is recharged at 0.5 times a 2 hour rate for 8 hours.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein after the repair is completed, batteries with qualified capacity detection are matched, when matching, batteries with open-circuit voltage less than 13.1V after recharging are removed, the remaining qualified batteries are classified and matched, when classifying and matching are performed, the batteries are matched under the conditions that the discharge end voltage differential pressure after 2-hour discharge current discharge for 2.0 hours is less than or equal to 0.50V, the open-circuit voltage is 13.1-13.4V and the open-circuit voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.03V as turnover batteries, and when matching is completed, the remaining qualified batteries are matched under the conditions that the discharge end voltage differential pressure after 2.0 hours discharge current discharge for 2.1-13.45V, 0.50V < discharge end voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.65V and the open-circuit voltage differential pressure is less than or equal to 0.04V as maintenance batteries.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein after recharging is complete, the open circuit voltage is detected after standing for at least 24 hours.
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CN116243179A (en) * 2023-05-11 2023-06-09 上海泰矽微电子有限公司 Battery discharge voltage processing method and device, electronic equipment and medium

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