CN112349932A - Control method, device and system for quick start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Control method, device and system for quick start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly discloses a control method for low-temperature quick start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile; judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a first control condition; if so, performing starvation control on the cathode reactant of the galvanic pile; judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a second control condition; if so, stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the galvanic pile; and repeating the two judgment processes until the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile meets the starting condition, and controlling to start the battery. The invention also discloses a control device and a system for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The control method for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the invention can realize the low-temperature quick start of the cell without introducing other equipment and extra energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a control method for low-temperature quick start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a control device for low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a control system for low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are high-efficiency devices that directly convert chemical energy in fuel hydrogen (pure hydrogen or reformed gas) and oxidant (pure oxygen or air) into electrical energy without the limitation of the carnot cycle of an internal combustion engine, and the product thereof is only water and is very environmentally friendly, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology is considered as one of the most potential technologies to replace future transportation technologies. The method is beneficial to realizing the aims of energy conservation, emission reduction, low carbon and environmental protection in China. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are extremely complex systems, and their popularization and application in the automotive field face the challenge of rapid cold start, which becomes more severe in the rapid start of the sub-zero environment because the fuel cell temperature rise rate is far lower than that of the conventional internal combustion engine system. The U.S. department of energy has proposed specific technical indicators for the fuel cell startup procedure in 2010: at-20 ℃, the fuel cell reached 90% of rated power within 30 seconds of start-up.
The single cell structure of the PEMFC generally includes an anode flow field plate (AFP), an Anode Gas Diffusion Layer (AGDL), an Anode Catalyst Layer (ACL), a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM), a Cathode Catalyst Layer (CCL), a Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer (CGDL), and a cathode flow field plate (CFP), and the single cells are stacked in series to form a stack in order to meet the requirement of high power. Wherein ACL and CCL each contain catalyst particles that accelerate the electrochemical reaction of the electrode, typically nano-sized platinum particles or platinum alloy particles, typically supported on carbon particles, and mixed with an ionomer; the CCL is both the site for electrochemical reactions in the cell and the site for the formation of water as a product of electrochemical reactions. When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is started in a subzero environment, the generated water is frozen in the cathode catalytic layer, and ice is generated in the GDL or even the flow field due to the flow of supercooled water (water at-5 ℃, even-10 ℃ exists in a liquid form), and the generation of the ice can damage the internal structure of the cell, and particularly, the possible damage is as follows: 1) blocking the flow channel to prevent the transmission of the reaction gas, covering the active surface, and weakening or preventing the reaction gas from reaching the reaction interface, so that the battery cannot be started; 2) damage to the polymer film structure, resulting in film bulging, cracking, perforation; 3) after freezing, the volume of the battery expands, harmful pressure is applied to the interior of the battery, and the internal structure of the battery pack, such as a membrane/electrocatalyst interface, a flow channel, a pipeline, a sealing structure and a porous electrode base material, can be damaged, so that a catalyst layer cracks, a diffusion layer is mechanically sheared, and a series of negative consequences are caused; 4) the electrochemical reaction rate is significantly reduced, and the fuel cell start-up conditions may be severely cycled due to insufficient heat generated by the electrochemical reaction to maintain the formed product water in a liquid state and partially solidify, resulting in complete failure of the cell start-up, resulting in reduced cell performance and reduced cell life.
CN 101170187A adopts a direct current power supply and a fuel cell to be connected in series, and utilizes the action of a hydrogen pump to heat the cell, thereby realizing low-temperature starting; US 006727013B2 adopts a fan to blow hot air to the proton exchange membrane, so as to improve the overall temperature of the fuel cell and achieve the starting effect; DE 102008025966 a1 of siemens germany proposes preheating each cell by providing an integrated heat-sensitive element as a heating element in the fuel cell system, in order to prevent the temperature of the cell system from falling below 0 ℃. Although the above methods can successfully start the PEMFC at the sub-zero degree, they have the problems of increasing the volume and mass of the cell system, complicating the structure of the fuel cell system and increasing the manufacturing cost. CN 101170194a introduces a method for cold start of catalyst, without any modification to the cell structure and other energy consumption, only introducing the hydrogen-oxygen mixture gas into the cathode or anode of the fuel cell, and using the oxidation heat release of the mixture gas on the catalyst layer to raise the cell temperature to achieve the purpose of cold start, which solves the above-mentioned problems of complex structure and high cost of the cell system, but because the mixture gas can not completely react, the start of the PEMFC cell can only be realized in a certain low temperature range, the adaptability to lower temperature environment is poor, and the hydrogen-oxygen mixture has potential danger of explosion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control method for low-temperature quick start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a control device for low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a control system for low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and solves the problem that low-temperature quick start cannot be realized in the related technology.
As a first aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling a low-temperature rapid start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided, which includes:
acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile;
judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a first control condition;
if so, performing starvation control on a cathode reactant of the electric pile;
judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a second control condition;
if so, stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the electric pile;
and repeating the two judgment processes until the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile meets the starting condition, and controlling to start the battery.
Further, the determining whether the real-time temperature of the stack and each voltage value in the stack satisfy a first control condition includes:
and judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is lower than 0 ℃, and the voltage value of each section in the galvanic pile is higher than 0V.
Further, the determining whether the real-time temperature of the stack and each voltage value in the stack satisfy a second control condition includes:
and judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is lower than 0 ℃, and the voltage value of each section in the galvanic pile is lower than 0V.
Further, the starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
stopping the supply of the oxidant to the cathode of the stack by closing the oxidant supply valve and simultaneously closing the oxidant outlet control valve;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the oxidant supply valve is controlled to open, while the oxidant outlet control valve is controlled to open.
Further, the starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
stopping the supply of the oxidant to the cathode of the stack by closing the oxidant supply valve while opening the oxidant-free fluid supply valve;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the oxidant supply valve is controlled to open while the oxidant-free fluid supply valve is controlled to close.
Further, the starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
starving cathode reactants of the stack by opening an oxidant supply valve while loading an electronic load to cause cathode oxidant starvation of the stack;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the control closes the oxidant supply valve while disconnecting the electronic load.
Further, the repeating the two determination processes until the real-time temperature of the stack meets the start condition controls the start of the battery, including:
and when the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is more than 0 ℃, stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the galvanic pile and controlling the starting battery.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control device for low-temperature rapid start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a first control condition or not;
the starvation control module is used for performing starvation control on the cathode reactant of the electric pile if the starvation control is met;
the second judgment module is used for judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a second control condition or not;
the starvation stopping control module is used for stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the electric pile if the starvation stopping control is met;
and the starting module is used for repeating the two judging processes until the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile meets the starting condition, and controlling to start the battery.
As another aspect of the present invention, a control system for low-temperature rapid start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided, which includes: the system comprises a temperature sensor, a voltage inspection device, a reactant compressor, an electric pile and the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the temperature sensor and the voltage inspection device are both in communication connection with the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the reactant compressor is connected with the cathode of the electric pile, and the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with the electric pile through a driver;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile in real time;
the voltage inspection device is used for detecting each voltage value in the galvanic pile;
the reactant compressor is used for supplying an oxidant to the cathode of the electric pile under the control of the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Further, the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a single chip microcomputer.
The control method for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the invention does not need to introduce other equipment and use extra energy, does not increase the complexity of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system and extra cost, and only generates larger overpotential at a cathode by starving a cathode reactant to reduce the power generation efficiency, thereby generating more waste heat and ensuring that the low-temperature quick start of the cell is successful. In addition, the control method for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the invention realizes the success of the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell only by the periodic starvation of the cathode reactant, and can prevent the irreversible permanent damage of the low-temperature icing to the internal structure of the fuel cell, so as to reduce the performance and the service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic anatomical diagram of a conventional PEMFC stack.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a control method for low-temperature rapid start of a pem fuel cell provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system for low-temperature rapid start of a pem fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system for low-temperature rapid start of a pem fuel cell according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system for low-temperature rapid start of a pem fuel cell according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances in order to facilitate the description of the embodiments of the invention herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a conventional PEMFC stack anatomical diagram. In the anatomical diagram, the PEMFC stack 10, including a pair of end plates 15, is fastened to the stack 10 by screws 45 and nuts 50, maintaining the structural stability thereof; comprises a pair of electricity-taking plates 18, which take out the electricity generated by the electric pile 10 through an external circuit and supply the electricity to external electrical appliances; comprising a plurality of single cells 40, wherein each single cell 40 mainly comprises an anode flow field plate (AFP) 20, a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) 25 and a cathode flow field plate (CFP) 30. The MEA generally includes a porous Anode Gas Diffusion Layer (AGDL), an Anode Catalyst Layer (ACL), a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM), a Cathode Catalyst Layer (CCL), and a Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer (CGDL), not shown in fig. 1, and a flow Field Plate (FP) having a flow field for transporting reactants to help the reactant gas to reach the three-phase reaction interface Catalyst Layer (CL) through the porous Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) for electrochemical catalytic reaction to generate electric energy. For example, anode reactant enters the anode flow field plate (AFP) 20 through an inlet (located on the left end plate 15, not shown in the figure), is transported through the anode flow field 35, reaches the three-phase reaction interface Anode Catalyst Layer (ACL) through the porous Anode Gas Diffusion Layer (AGDL), and undergoes an electrochemical catalytic reaction to generate protons and electrons, the protons are transported to the cathode catalyst layer through the proton exchange membrane, and anode reaction exhaust gas is discharged through a stack outlet (located on the right end plate 15, not shown in the figure). On the other hand, the cathode reactant enters the cathode flow field plate (CFP) 30 through an inlet (located on the left end plate 15, not shown in the figure), is transported through the cathode flow field (not shown in the figure), passes through the porous Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer (CGDL), reaches the three-phase reaction interface Cathode Catalyst Layer (CCL), reacts with electrons and protons to generate electrochemical reaction water, and the unreacted cathode reactant and the generated water are discharged through a stack outlet (located on the right end plate 15, not shown in the figure).
In this embodiment, a method for controlling a low-temperature fast start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided, and fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a low-temperature fast start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, including:
s110, acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile;
s120, judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a first control condition;
s130, if the starvation condition is met, performing starvation control on a cathode reactant of the galvanic pile;
s140, judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a second control condition;
s150, if the starvation control is met, stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the electric pile;
and S160, repeating the two judgment processes until the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile meets the starting condition, and controlling to start the battery.
The control method for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to introduce other equipment and use extra energy, does not increase the complexity of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system and extra cost, and only generates larger overpotential at a cathode by starving a cathode reactant, so that the power generation efficiency is reduced, more waste heat is generated, and the low-temperature quick start of the cell is successful. In addition, the control method for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the invention realizes the success of the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell only by the periodic starvation of the cathode reactant, and can prevent the irreversible permanent damage of the low-temperature icing to the internal structure of the fuel cell, so as to reduce the performance and the service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Specifically, the determining whether the real-time temperature of the stack and each voltage value in the stack satisfy a first control condition includes:
and judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is lower than 0 ℃, and the voltage value of each section in the galvanic pile is higher than 0V.
Specifically, the determining whether the real-time temperature of the stack and each voltage value in the stack satisfy a second control condition includes:
and judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is lower than 0 ℃, and the voltage value of each section in the galvanic pile is lower than 0V.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the supply of PEMFC cathode oxidant is periodically interrupted, leaving at least a portion of the PEMFC cathode oxidant starved. The method can be realized by the following steps: 1) adjusting a PEMFC cathode gas supply front end control valve; 2) stopping the supply of the cathode oxidant to the compressor; 3) PEMFC cathode oxidant is removed through a bypass valve.
As a specific embodiment, the starvation control of the cathode reactant of the stack includes:
stopping the supply of the oxidant to the cathode of the stack by closing the oxidant supply valve and simultaneously closing the oxidant outlet control valve;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the oxidant supply valve is controlled to open, while the oxidant outlet control valve is controlled to open.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the PEMFC device mainly includes an oxidant supply system, which mainly includes a reactant compressor 110, for example, if the reactant is air, the reactant compressor 110 is an air compressor; comprises a PEMFC stack 100; comprises a controller for controlling the on/off of the oxidant supply valve 120 and the oxidant outlet control valve 125; a driver is included and is associated with the controller for controlling the interval and duration of the cathode oxidant interruption. The interval and duration of oxidant supply interruption is based on certain parameters, such as cell voltage, to avoid long reverse polarity of the cell, and the intermittent interruption of oxidant supply is repeated until the cell temperature reaches above 0 ℃ or the cell can be started normally, and then the starvation of the cathode reactant is stopped, and the cell is started normally according to a certain control strategy. The stack 100 should also include temperature sensors, flow sensors, pressure sensors, and voltage routing checks (not shown) that are fed directly to the controller 200, which commands the driver to control the interval and duration of the cathode oxidant interruption. In the figures, 130 and 140 are end plates of the stack 100, which support the stack 100 structure; oxidant is delivered to each manifold 160 of the cathode flow field plate through an inlet 150 of the stack 100, delivered to the cathode catalyst layer of the three-phase reaction interface site through a cathode flow field 170, subjected to electrochemical reaction, and unreacted oxidant is delivered to an outlet 190 of the stack 100 through a manifold 180 and discharged. The mass transfer path of the anode reactant is not shown in the figure.
The device has the following specific working principle: 1) the actual temperature and each voltage of the galvanic pile 100 are fed back to the controller by the temperature sensor and the voltage inspection, the controller judges whether starvation of a cathode reactant is needed or not, and if the temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and the single voltage of the galvanic pile 100 is higher than 0V, the starvation is carried out; 2) the controller 200 commands the driver (not shown) connected to it to close the oxidant supply valve 120, in order to prevent the PEM from being damaged by sudden pressure differential across the PEM due to sudden oxidant interruption, reducing cell activity and life, and to close the oxidant outlet control valve 125; 3) when the stack 100 single cell voltage is slightly below 0V (it is found that short duration low-level reversal has no effect on cell performance), the routing inspection feeds the single cell voltage back to the controller 200 and commands the driver to open the oxidant supply valve 120 and simultaneously open the oxidant outlet control valve 125. Repeating the three steps until the temperature of the battery reaches above 0 ℃ or the temperature of the battery can be started normally, stopping starvation of the cathode reactant, and starting the battery normally according to a certain control strategy.
As another specific embodiment, the starvation control of the cathode reactant of the stack includes:
stopping the supply of the oxidant to the cathode of the stack by closing the oxidant supply valve while opening the oxidant-free fluid supply valve;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the oxidant supply valve is controlled to open while the oxidant-free fluid supply valve is controlled to close.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the PEMFC device shown therein mainly comprises an oxidant supply system, which mainly includes a reactant compressor 110, for example, if the reactant is air, the reactant compressor 110 is an air compressor; a fluid supply system comprising a set of oxidizer-free fluid reservoirs 215, consisting essentially of oxidizer-free fluid reservoirs 215, e.g., if the oxidizer-free fluid is nitrogen, the oxidizer-free fluid reservoirs 215 may be nitrogen tanks; comprises a PEMFC stack 100; comprises a controller for controlling the on-off of the oxidant supply valve 120 and the oxidant-free fluid supply valve; a driver is included and associated with the controller for controlling the interval and duration of oxidant starvation at the cathode. The interval and duration of oxidant starvation are based on certain parameters, such as cell voltage, to avoid long reverse polarity of the cell, and intermittent oxidant starvation is repeated until the cell temperature reaches above 0 ℃ or a temperature at which the cell can be started normally, and then the cathode reactant starvation is stopped, and the cell is started normally according to a certain control strategy. The stack 100 should also include temperature sensors, flow sensors, pressure sensors, and voltage routing checks (not shown) that are fed directly to the controller 200, which commands the driver to control the interval and duration of the cathode reactant interruption. In the figures, 130 and 140 are end plates of the stack 100, which support the stack 100 structure; oxidant and oxidant-free fluid are supplied to the cathode flow field plate manifolds 160 through the inlet 150 of the stack 100, are supplied to the cathode catalytic layer of the three-phase reaction interface site through the cathode flow field 170, are subjected to electrochemical reaction, and unreacted oxidant and oxidant-free fluid are supplied to the outlet 190 of the stack 100 through the manifold 180 and are discharged. The mass transfer path of the anode reactant is not shown in the figure.
The device has the following specific working principle: 1) the actual temperature and each voltage of the galvanic pile 100 are fed back to the controller by the temperature sensor and the voltage inspection, the controller judges whether starvation of a cathode reactant is needed or not, and if the temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and the single voltage of the galvanic pile 100 is higher than 0V, the starvation is carried out; 2) the controller 200 commands the driver (not shown) connected to it to close the oxidant supply valve 120, to prevent the PEM from being damaged by sudden increases in air pressure across the PEM due to sudden interruptions of oxidant, to reduce cell activity and useful life, and to open the oxidant-free fluid supply valve 210; or the controller 200 issues a command to an actuator (not shown) connected thereto to open the oxidant-free fluid supply valve 210; 3) when the voltage of a single section of the electric pile 100 is slightly lower than 0V (the research finds that the short-time low-degree reverse polarity has no influence on the performance of the battery), the single-battery voltage is fed back to the controller 200 by inspection, and the driver is instructed to open the oxidant supply valve 120 and close the fluid supply valve 210 without the oxidant; or when the stack 100 single cell voltage is slightly below 0V (studies have found that short periods of time with low levels of reverse polarity have no effect on cell performance), the patrol feedbacks the single cell voltage to the controller 200 and commands the actuator to close the oxidant-free fluid supply valve 210. Repeating the three steps until the temperature of the battery reaches above 0 ℃ or the temperature of the battery can be started normally, stopping starvation of the cathode reactant, and starting the battery normally according to a certain control strategy.
As another specific embodiment, the starvation control of the cathode reactant of the stack includes:
starving cathode reactants of the stack by opening an oxidant supply valve while loading an electronic load to cause cathode oxidant starvation of the stack;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the control closes the oxidant supply valve while disconnecting the electronic load.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the PEMFC device shown therein mainly comprises an oxidant supply system, which mainly includes a reactant compressor 110, for example, if the reactant is air, the reactant compressor 110 is an air compressor; comprises a PEMFC stack 100; comprises a controller for controlling the on/off of the oxidant supply valve 120 and the instantaneous load/unload of the electronic load 220; a driver is included and associated with the controller for controlling the interval and duration of oxidant starvation at the cathode. The interval and duration of oxidant starvation is based on certain parameters, such as cell voltage, to avoid long reverse polarity of the cell, and the intermittent interruption of oxidant supply is repeated until the cell temperature reaches above 0 ℃ or a temperature at which the cell can be started normally, and then the cathode reactant starvation is stopped, and the cell is started normally according to a certain control strategy. The stack 100 should also include temperature sensors, flow sensors, pressure sensors, and voltage routing checks (not shown) that are fed directly to the controller 200, which commands the driver to control the interval and duration of cathode oxidant starvation. In the figures, 130 and 140 are end plates of the stack 100, which support the stack 100 structure; oxidant is delivered to each manifold 160 of the cathode flow field plate through an inlet 150 of the stack 100, delivered to the cathode catalyst layer of the three-phase reaction interface site through a cathode flow field 170, subjected to electrochemical reaction, and unreacted oxidant is delivered to an outlet 190 of the stack 100 through a manifold 180 and discharged. The mass transfer path of the anode reactant is not shown in the figure.
The device has the following specific working principle: 1) the actual temperature and each voltage of the galvanic pile 100 are fed back to the controller by the temperature sensor and the voltage inspection, the controller judges whether starvation of a cathode reactant is needed or not, and if the temperature is lower than 0 ℃ and the single voltage of the galvanic pile 100 is higher than 0V, the starvation is carried out; 2) the controller 200 commands a driver (not shown) connected thereto to open the oxidizer supply valve 120 while momentarily loading the electronic load 220; 3) when the stack 100 single cell voltage is slightly below 0V (studies have found that short duration low-level reversal has no effect on cell performance), the patrol feedbacks the single cell voltage to the controller 200 and commands the driver to disconnect the electronic load while closing the oxidant supply valve 120. Repeating the three steps until the temperature of the battery reaches above 0 ℃ or the temperature of the battery can be started normally, stopping starvation of the cathode reactant, and starting the battery normally according to a certain control strategy.
Specifically, the step of repeating the two determination processes until the real-time temperature of the stack meets the start condition controls the start of the battery includes:
and when the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is more than 0 ℃, stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the galvanic pile and controlling the starting battery.
It should be understood that the PEMFC stack is rapidly heated to above 0 ℃ or the normal start-up temperature of the stack, reducing damage to the internal structure of the stack due to low-temperature cold start failure, thereby reducing stack activity and lifespan.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention are only examples of implementing PEMFC cathode oxidant reactant starvation, and are not intended to limit the scope of the patent protection, and any method for accelerating stack temperature by inducing cathode reactant starvation to achieve rapid cold start is within the scope of the patent protection, such as by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of the oxidant supply to achieve cathode reactant starvation.
In summary, the control method for the low-temperature rapid start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method does not need to introduce other equipment and use extra energy, does not increase the complexity of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system and extra cost, and only generates larger overpotential at the cathode by starving a cathode reactant to reduce the power generation efficiency so as to generate more waste heat and ensure that the cell is successfully started at low temperature and the temperature reaches over 0 ℃;
(2) by starving the cathode reactant, a larger overpotential is generated at the cathode, which is beneficial to clearing away toxic substances which are possibly physically adsorbed or chemically adsorbed on a cathode catalyst layer and preventing the electrocatalyst from being poisoned, thereby improving the performance of the PEMFC and prolonging the service life of the PEMFC;
(3) by starving the cathode reactant, a large overpotential is generated at the cathode, so that the power generation efficiency is reduced, the generation of low-temperature sewage is reduced, the water management is easy, the generation of ice is reduced, and the successful time of low-temperature starting is reduced;
(4) the method has no possibility of mixing reactants and is very safe;
(5) simple and easy to operate.
As another embodiment of the present invention, a control device for low-temperature rapid start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided, which includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a first control condition or not;
the starvation control module is used for performing starvation control on the cathode reactant of the electric pile if the starvation control is met;
the second judgment module is used for judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a second control condition or not;
the starvation stopping control module is used for stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the electric pile if the starvation stopping control is met;
and the starting module is used for repeating the two judging processes until the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile meets the starting condition, and controlling to start the battery.
The control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to introduce other equipment and use extra energy, does not increase the complexity of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system and extra cost, and only generates larger overpotential at a cathode by starving a cathode reactant, so that the power generation efficiency is reduced, more waste heat is generated, and the low-temperature quick start of the cell is successful. In addition, the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the invention can realize the success of the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell only by the periodic starvation of the cathode reactant, so that the irreversible permanent damage of the low-temperature icing to the internal structure of the fuel cell can be prevented, and the performance and the service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are reduced.
As another embodiment of the present invention, a control system for low-temperature rapid start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided, which includes: the system comprises a temperature sensor, a voltage inspection device, a reactant compressor, an electric pile and the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the temperature sensor and the voltage inspection device are both in communication connection with the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the reactant compressor is connected with the cathode of the electric pile, and the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with the electric pile through a driver;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile in real time;
the voltage inspection device is used for detecting each voltage value in the galvanic pile;
the reactant compressor is used for supplying an oxidant to the cathode of the electric pile under the control of the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The control system for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to introduce other equipment and use extra energy, does not increase the complexity of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system and extra cost, and only generates larger overpotential at the cathode by starving the cathode reactant, so that the power generation efficiency is reduced, more waste heat is generated, and the low-temperature quick start of the cell is successful. In addition, the control system for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell provided by the invention realizes the success of the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell only by the periodic starvation of the cathode reactant, and can prevent the irreversible permanent damage of the low-temperature icing to the internal structure of the fuel cell, so as to reduce the performance and the service life of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
It should be noted that the voltage inspection device may adopt a professional device sold in the market, for example, the voltage inspection device has an inspection module and related software, and the voltage and temperature of each battery can be collected and transmitted to an upper computer.
It should also be noted that the actuator may be understood as an actuator, for example, an actuator that controls the opening or closing of a valve. In some embodiments, the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a single chip microcomputer.
It should be noted that the control device for the low-temperature rapid start of the pem fuel cell may be specifically understood as an FCU, i.e. a fuel cell controller, which can receive various parameters of the fuel cell, such as surface temperature, voltage, pressure, humidity, etc., and analyze the received data
It should be understood that the control device for low-temperature rapid start of the pem fuel cell according to the embodiment of the present invention is the aforementioned controller.
For the specific working process of the control system for the low-temperature rapid start of the pem fuel cell of the present invention, reference may be made to the description of the control method for the low-temperature rapid start of the pem fuel cell, which is not repeated herein.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A control method for low-temperature quick start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile;
judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a first control condition;
if so, performing starvation control on a cathode reactant of the electric pile;
judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a second control condition;
if so, stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the electric pile;
and repeating the two judgment processes until the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile meets the starting condition, and controlling to start the battery.
2. The method for controlling the low-temperature rapid start of the pem fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said determining whether the real-time temperature of the stack and the voltage value of each segment in the stack satisfy the first control condition comprises:
and judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is lower than 0 ℃, and the voltage value of each section in the galvanic pile is higher than 0V.
3. The method for controlling the low-temperature rapid start of the pem fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein said determining whether the real-time temperature of the stack and the voltage value of each segment in the stack satisfy the second control condition comprises:
and judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is lower than 0 ℃, and the voltage value of each section in the galvanic pile is lower than 0V.
4. The control method for low-temperature rapid start-up of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 3,
the starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
stopping the supply of the oxidant to the cathode of the stack by closing the oxidant supply valve and simultaneously closing the oxidant outlet control valve;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the oxidant supply valve is controlled to open, while the oxidant outlet control valve is controlled to open.
5. The control method for low-temperature rapid start-up of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 3,
the starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
stopping the supply of the oxidant to the cathode of the stack by closing the oxidant supply valve while opening the oxidant-free fluid supply valve;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the oxidant supply valve is controlled to open while the oxidant-free fluid supply valve is controlled to close.
6. The control method for low-temperature rapid start-up of proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 3,
the starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
starving cathode reactants of the stack by opening an oxidant supply valve while loading an electronic load to cause cathode oxidant starvation of the stack;
the stopping starvation control of cathode reactants of the stack includes:
the control closes the oxidant supply valve while disconnecting the electronic load.
7. The method for controlling the low-temperature rapid start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the step of controlling the start-up of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell by repeating the two judgment processes until the real-time temperature of the electric pile meets the start-up condition comprises the following steps:
and when the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile is more than 0 ℃, stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the galvanic pile and controlling the starting battery.
8. A control device for low-temperature quick start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each section of voltage value in the galvanic pile;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a first control condition or not;
the starvation control module is used for performing starvation control on the cathode reactant of the electric pile if the starvation control is met;
the second judgment module is used for judging whether the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile and each voltage value in the galvanic pile meet a second control condition or not;
the starvation stopping control module is used for stopping starvation control of the cathode reactant of the electric pile if the starvation stopping control is met;
and the starting module is used for repeating the two judging processes until the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile meets the starting condition, and controlling to start the battery.
9. A control system for low-temperature quick start of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a temperature sensor, a voltage inspection device, a reactant compressor, an electric pile and the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 8, wherein the temperature sensor and the voltage inspection device are both in communication connection with the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the reactant compressor is connected with the cathode of the electric pile, and the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is connected with the electric pile through a driver;
the temperature sensor is used for detecting the real-time temperature of the galvanic pile in real time;
the voltage inspection device is used for detecting each voltage value in the galvanic pile;
the reactant compressor is used for supplying an oxidant to the cathode of the electric pile under the control of the control device for the low-temperature quick start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
10. The system for controlling the low-temperature rapid start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 9, wherein the control device for the low-temperature rapid start of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises a single chip microcomputer.
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| CN113206276A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-03 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Method, device and system for self-heating of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN113793952A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-14 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and low-temperature starting control method and device thereof |
| CN115172815A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-11 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | Cold start control system and method of fuel cell |
| WO2023134999A3 (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-09-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for breaking-in a fuel cell, and a system for breaking-in a fuel cell |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113206276A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-03 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Method, device and system for self-heating of proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN113793952A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-14 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and low-temperature starting control method and device thereof |
| WO2023134999A3 (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-09-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for breaking-in a fuel cell, and a system for breaking-in a fuel cell |
| CN115172815A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-11 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | Cold start control system and method of fuel cell |
| CN115172815B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-04-05 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | Cold start control system and method for fuel cell |
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