CN112347530A - Method for calculating tapping time of steel converter - Google Patents
Method for calculating tapping time of steel converter Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating tapping time of a steel converter, belonging to the field of ferrous metallurgy and comprising the following steps: determining the type and the structural size of the converter, the type, the working characteristics and the rotating speed range of a tilting mechanism for tapping of the converter; calculating the volume of molten steel and slag in the converter and the mass of the molten steel corresponding to each inclination angle and each subdivided liquid level height in the process from tapping to finishing of the converter; further calculating the corresponding tapping molten steel mass flow and outflow time, and constructing a basic database; and then the tapping time is calculated by combining a tilting operation system in the tapping process of the converter. The invention fully considers the influences of the irregular structural shape of the converter, the size of a steel outlet, the weight of molten steel and slag filled in the converter, the tilting angle and the tilting speed of steel tapping and other operation systems. The method is reliable in theory, practical and accurate in calculation, and lays an important foundation for analyzing the influence factors of the tapping time of the converter, optimizing the tapping operation system, reducing the tapping temperature and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for calculating tapping time of a steel converter.
Background
Steel is still an irreplaceable material at present from a material point of view, but green and sustainable development are required from a practical point of view. At present, the short-flow process of ferrous metallurgy has the characteristics of low energy consumption, energy conservation, high utilization rate of scrap steel and the like, and initiates powerful impact and challenge on the traditional long-flow production process. Although the short process has a wide development prospect and is a development direction and a trend in the future, the long process is still the mainstream of the steelmaking process in China in a quite long time which is foreseen in the present and future. Along with the gradual maturity of the hot metal pretreatment and secondary refining processes, the burden and the task of the steel-making converter are greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the improvement of the automation degree of the converter and the application of an intelligent steel-making technology and the like enable the control level of the steel-making process of the converter to be improved by a new step. However, a large number of practical production shows that converter steelmaking still has some outstanding common problems, such as high-temperature tapping, tapping slag and other very troublesome problems, and the improvement of molten steel quality and the optimization of cost are limited to a certain extent.
The temperature drop of the molten steel in the high-temperature tapping and tapping processes and the tapping time are greatly related, if the tapping time can be shortened and the temperature drop of the molten steel in the tapping process can be reduced, the tapping temperature can be reduced, and the production cost can be saved, so that the research on the calculation method of the tapping time of the steelmaking converter has important significance, and meanwhile, a foundation is provided for the analysis of influence factors of the tapping time and the process optimization. Because the tapping of the converter is a dynamic process, the molten steel is gradually reduced along with the tapping process, and the tilting angle of the converter is also continuously changed, so the height of the liquid level in the converter is also continuously changed, and the change is nonlinear and irregular. Therefore, the tapping speed of the converter is also changed continuously, and the calculation of the tapping time of the converter also becomes a difficult problem. Therefore, the tapping time is greatly related to not only the irregular size of the converter, the size of the tap hole, the weight of molten steel charged in the converter, and the weight of slag, but also the tilting operation schedule (tilting angle, tilting speed, etc.) during tapping of the converter. The tilting operation system in the converter tapping process comprehensively considers the aspects of safety, stability, reduction of slag falling in the early stage and the later stage of converter tapping and the like as far as possible. At present, no method for calculating the tapping time of the steel converter is disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for calculating the tapping time of a steel-making converter, which fully considers the irregular structural shape of the converter, the size of a tapping hole, the weight of molten steel and slag loaded in the converter and the like, and also considers the influence of operation systems such as a tilting angle, a tilting speed and the like in the tapping process of the converter. The method has reliable theory, is practical and accurate in calculation for the tapping time, and has important significance for optimizing the tilting operation system of the converter tapping process under different conditions in actual production, shortening the tapping time and reducing the tapping temperature.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for calculating tapping time of a steel converter, which comprises the following steps of:
step 2, dividing the converter from tapping to finishing according to the inclination angle of the converter, and calculating molten steel and slag volume and molten steel quality in the converter with different liquid level heights (namely the height of the liquid level in the converter from a tapping hole) at the inclination angle of each converter;
and 4, calculating the tapping time of the converter by taking the database in the step 3 as a basis.
As a further illustration of the invention, the converter inclination angle is the angle at which the converter is rotated clockwise from the normal of the horizontal plane.
As a further illustration of the invention, the converter process parameters in the step 1 comprise the converter type and the structure size, and the converter tapping tilting mechanism type, the operating characteristics and the rotating speed (tilting speed) range.
As a further explanation of the present invention, the step 2 specifically includes:
s1 according to the given converter molten pool slag-steel ratio
And converter tonnage MBOFDetermining the volume V of slag in the converterslag；
S2, modeling the converter by adopting three-dimensional drawing software or numerical modeling and simulation software, simulating and determining the liquid level positions of molten steel and slag in the steel tapping process of the converter at each fixed inclination angle, and solving the initial liquid level and the final liquid level of steel tapping;
s3, under a fixed converter inclination angle, dividing the converter into small height sections from the initial liquid level position to the final liquid level position according to the initial liquid level position to the final liquid level position obtained in the step S2, obtaining different liquid level positions within the range from the initial liquid level to the final liquid level, dividing the internal shape of the converter into two parts by using a water level at each different liquid level position, taking off the part, wherein the volume of the part is the total volume of the molten steel and the slag in the converter corresponding to the liquid level position, and calculating the volume below the liquid level of the molten steel under the fixed converter inclination angle and the volumes of the molten steel and the slag in the converter corresponding to different liquid level heights through three-dimensional drawing software or numerical modeling and simulation software;
s4, analyzing and determining the inclination angle range of the converter tapping process, namely determining an initial inclination angle alpha and a terminal inclination angle beta;
and S5, repeating the steps S2-S4, and calculating to obtain the molten steel and slag volume and molten steel mass in the converter under all the subdivided liquid level heights corresponding to each inclination angle of the converter in the range of alpha to beta. The inclination angle range of alpha-beta in the converter tapping process can be divided into a plurality of fine converter inclination angle intervals according to actual requirements, and a plurality of different converter inclination angles from alpha to beta can be obtained.
As a further explanation of the present invention, the initial liquid level in step S2 is: under a fixed converter inclination angle, the liquid level position of the maximum molten steel amount which can be contained by the converter is located; the end liquid level is: under the fixed converter inclination angle, after the converter can discharge molten steel at most, the liquid level position of the slag can not be discharged in the whole process.
As a further explanation of the present invention, in step S4, the steel tapping start inclination angle is: in converter tonnage MBOFThe position of the liquid surface is just inclined when the steel tapping hole is level. The steel tapping terminal inclination angle is as follows: the residual V can be accommodated after the molten steel in the converter is completely dischargedslagThe maximum inclination angle of the slag is ensured, and the slag can not flow out of the furnace mouth.
As a further illustration of the present invention, in step 3, the mass flow rate of tapped molten steel of the converter at a fixed inclination angle and a fixed liquid level height (i.e. the mass flow rate of the tap hole) can be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: dM/dt is the mass flow of the steel tapping hole, kg/s; rho is the molten steel density;
pore coefficient values; a. the2Is the cross section area in the tap hole.
As a further illustration of the present invention, in step 3, the height of the molten steel in the converter is subdivided into smaller height sections at a fixed inclination angle of the converter, the tapping mass flow Q of each height section is the average value of the maximum and minimum height corresponding tapping mass flow of the height section, and the mass Δ M (obtained by subtracting the minimum height corresponding molten steel mass from the maximum height corresponding molten steel mass) of the molten steel flowing out from the maximum height to the minimum height of the height section is known, so that the molten steel flowing-out time of the height section is Δ M/Q at the fixed inclination angle of the converter.
As a further explanation of the present invention, in the step 4, the tapping time is calculated in the following manner:
from the initial angle to the final angle of the converter tapping process, subdividing the interval into a plurality of smaller angle intervals, and measuring the mass flow of each angle interval to obtain the average value of the minimum angle and the maximum angle mass flow of the interval; at the moment, according to the tilting speed of the converter, the outflow time of the molten steel in each angle interval can be calculated by dividing the angle value of the angle interval by the tilting speed of the converter, and if the converter stays at a certain inclination angle for tapping, the outflow time of the molten steel at the inclination angle is the staying time of the converter; meanwhile, the amount of molten steel discharged in each angle interval can be calculated according to the product of the mass flow of each angle interval and the molten steel discharge time; and for the whole converter tapping process, calculating the molten steel outflow time and the outflow molten steel amount according to the tilting speed of the converter for all the subdivided angle intervals, connecting all the subdivided angle intervals into a dynamic process, calculating the accumulated molten steel outflow time, the accumulated outflow molten steel amount and the residual molten steel amount until the molten steel is completely discharged, and accumulating the molten steel outflow time of all the angle intervals together to obtain the tapping time used by the converter.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for calculating the tapping time of a steel-making converter, which fully considers the irregular structural shape of the converter, the size of a tap hole, the weight of molten steel and slag loaded in the converter and the like, and also considers the influence of operation systems such as a tilting angle, a tilting speed and the like in the tapping process of the converter. The method has reliable theory, is practical and accurate in calculation, can be popularized to the calculation of the tapping time under the conditions of any shape of converter, different slag-steel ratios, different diameters of tapping holes, any tapping operation system and the like, and lays an important foundation for the analysis of the influence factors of the tapping time of the converter, the optimization of the tapping operation system of the converter, the optimization of the tapping temperature and other process optimizations.
Drawings
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but it should be understood that these drawings are designed for illustrative purposes only and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the structural configurations described herein and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for calculating tapping time of a steel converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the internal structure of a steelmaking converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view, mm, of the internal structure of a steelmaking converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view showing the shape of the inside of the converter after being rotated by 90 degrees.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the established XOZ plane.
FIG. 6 shows the initial liquid level L1Schematic position.
FIG. 7 shows the end point liquid level L2Schematic position.
FIG. 8 is a calculation field of the total volume of molten steel and slag taken from the initial level position of the tapping process of the converter at an inclination angle of 90 deg..
FIG. 9 is a calculation field of the total volume of molten steel and slag taken from the liquid level at the end of the tapping process at an inclination angle of 90 ℃ in the converter.
FIG. 10 is a solution of the end point inclination angle of the tapping process of the converter.
In the drawings: 1. a furnace body; 2. a furnace mouth; 3. a steel tapping hole; 4. slag.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following more detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is presented for purposes of illustration only and not limitation to describe the features and characteristics of the invention, to set forth the best mode of carrying out the invention, and to sufficiently enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.
Examples
In the embodiment of the invention, a method for calculating tapping time of a steel converter, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
The embodiment of the invention is a 120t conical-sphere converter, the internal structure schematic diagram of which is shown in figure 2, beta is the converter inclination angle, and the main structure parameters of the converter are shown in figure 3, wherein the internal diameter of a converter body 1 of the converter is 4515mm, the diameter of a converter mouth 2 is 2600mm, and the internal diameter of a steel tapping hole 3 is 123 mm. The converter adopts a suspension type tilting mechanism, the whole transmission device is arranged on the trunnion, and a multi-point meshing transmission mode is adopted in a final-stage speed reducer, so that the safety and the reliability of equipment are greatly improved. The tilting mechanism can enable the furnace body to continuously rotate at different angles, can tilt back and forth within the angle range of +/-360 degrees, and can be stably and correctly braked in different directions so as to meet the working requirements of molten iron charging, scrap steel adding, sampling, material adding, temperature measuring, slag discharging, steel discharging, pouring and the like. The rotating speed of the converter tilting mechanism is mainly low, generally 0.15-1.5 r/min, the converter belongs to a larger converter, and in actual operation, the converter mainly has two determined tilting speeds, wherein the first tilting speed is 0.15-0.3 r/min, the second tilting speed is 0.7-1.5 r/min, and the tilting speed is kept unchanged in general conditions so as to avoid frequent molten steel ejection and leakage caused by violent movement of molten steel.
And 2, calculating and analyzing the volumes of molten steel and slag in the converter and the quality of the molten steel corresponding to each subdivided liquid level height (namely the height of the liquid level in the converter from the tapping hole) at each inclination angle beta of the converter in the whole process from tapping to finishing.
And 2.1, determining the volume of the steel slag in the converter according to the converter molten pool steel-slag ratio and the converter tonnage. The slag-steel ratio of the converter molten pool is generally between 3 percent and 15 percent, 5 percent is taken in the embodiment of the invention, and the slag density is 3000kg/m3For a 120t converter, the mass of the slag is as follows: 120 × 5% ═ 6t, volume: 6 × 1000/3000 ═ 2m3For the convenience of calculation, the slag output in the converter tapping process is considered to be ignored, so that the volume of slag is always 2m3And is not changed.
And 2.2, modeling the converter by adopting three-dimensional drawing software (Solidworks, AutoCAD and the like) or numerical modeling and simulation software (Gambit, Fluent and the like), and determining all possible liquid level positions of molten steel and slag in the tapping process of the converter at each fixed inclination angle. In the present example, the 120t converter is tilted clockwise by 90 °, and actually, the tapping process is simulated when the converter tilt angle is fixed by 90 °, as shown in fig. 4. A horizontal plane (i.e., XOZ plane) is established as shown in fig. 5, and the plane is translated up and down to obtain different liquid level positions in the furnace. In general, first, a starting level L is found1And end point level L2Two positions, as shown in fig. 6 and 7. Initial liquid level L1The following method is adopted for determination: the liquid level positions of 120t molten steel and 6t slag are such that when the converter is tilted at 90 degrees, the liquid level L at the initial position will overflow from the mouth of the converter when the converter is charged with 120t molten steel and 6t slag1It is positioned flush with the furnace mouth. End point level L2The following method is adopted for determination: end point liquid level L with steel tapping hole as reference2The distance between the horizontal line of the steel tapping hole and the horizontal line of the steel tapping hole is reserved to be more than 2m3The slag occupies a volume, that is, the slag does not flow out directly from the tap hole except for the slag coil. The converter inclination angle is an angle that the converter rotates clockwise from the normal of the horizontal plane, as shown in fig. 2, for example, in fig. 3, the converter inclination angle β is 0 °, and in fig. 4, the converter inclination angle β is 90 °.
And 2.3, dividing the internal shape of the converter into two parts by using the water level at different liquid level positions respectively, and taking down the parts, wherein the volume of the parts is the total volume of the molten steel and the slag corresponding to the liquid level positions. For example, when the inclination angle beta of the converter is 90 degrees in the embodiment, the initial liquid level L in the tapping process1Position and end level L2The calculated area of the total volume of molten steel and slag obtained by the position cutting is shown in fig. 8 and 9. Then the above meters can be calculated by adopting three-dimensional drawing software or numerical modeling and simulation softwareVolume of the computation domain. This embodiment starts from the initial liquid level L1Position to end level L2The positions are equally divided into 20 fine height sections, so that the total number of the liquid level positions (or liquid level heights) is 21, and the volumes of molten steel and slag corresponding to different liquid level heights under a fixed converter inclination angle beta can be obtained by adopting the method.
And 2.4, analyzing and determining the inclination angle range of the converter tapping process, mainly determining a starting inclination angle and an end inclination angle. It can be known through calculation that when the converter rotates to the inclination angle of 66 degrees, the liquid level in the converter is flush with the tapping hole, so the initial inclination angle of the converter during tapping is 66 degrees. The final inclination angle of the tapping process of the converter is determined, as shown in FIG. 10, the residual 2m can be accommodated after the molten steel in the converter is completely tapped3The maximum inclination angle of the slag 4 and the slag not flowing out from the tap hole were determined to be 102 ℃ in the 120t converter of this example, and the hatched area in FIG. 10 had a volume of about 2.3m3I.e. maximum capacity 2.3m3Can accommodate 2m3Slag, whereas the maximum capacity of the converter at an angle of inclination of 103 ° is only 1.96m3Less than 2m3Cannot accommodate 2m3Slag. Therefore, the inclination angle does not exceed 102 degrees in the rotating process of the converter, and the inclination angle of the terminal point of the tapping process of the converter is 102 degrees. The converter tapping inclination angle range of the embodiment is finally obtained through the calculation and is 66-102 degrees.
And 2.5, repeating the step 2.2, the step 2.3 and the step 2.4, and calculating to obtain the volumes of molten steel and slag in the converter and the mass of the molten steel under all the subdivided liquid level heights corresponding to each inclination angle of the converter in the range of 66-102 degrees. This example subdivides the converter inclination from 66 ° to 102 ° in 1 ° steps. Wherein the molten steel mass is directly calculated by the product of the calculated molten steel volume and the density, and the molten steel density is 7600kg/m3。
And 3, further calculating the tapping molten steel mass flow and the outflow time corresponding to each subdivided liquid level height interval at each inclination angle of the converter from tapping to finishing of the whole process based on the in-furnace molten steel and slag volume and molten steel mass corresponding to each subdivided liquid level height at each inclination angle of the converter from tapping to finishing of the whole process obtained in the step 2, and constructing the basic database.
The mass flow of tapped molten steel of the converter at a fixed inclination angle and a fixed liquid level height (i.e., the tap hole mass flow) can be calculated by the formula (1). In the formula: dM/dt is the mass flow of the steel tapping hole, kg/s; rho is the molten steel density, and 7600kg/m is taken3；
Taking the value of pore coefficient as 0.71; a. the2The cross-sectional area of the tap hole (the inner diameter of the tap hole is 123 mm).
In a converter with a fixed amount of molten steel, the height of the molten steel in the converter (namely the height from a steel outlet to a liquid surface) is subdivided into smaller height sections, the mass flow rate Q of the molten steel in each height section is the average value of the mass flow rates of the molten steel corresponding to the maximum height and the minimum height of the height section, and the mass delta M (obtained by subtracting the mass of the molten steel corresponding to the minimum height from the mass of the molten steel corresponding to the maximum height) of the molten steel flowing out from the maximum height to the minimum height of the height section is also known, so that the molten steel flowing-out time of the height section is delta M/Q at the fixed inclination angle of the converter.
Here, taking the converter inclination angle β as an example of 90 °, the mass flow rate of molten steel to be tapped and the outflow time at different liquid level heights (i.e., subdivided liquid level height intervals) were calculated, as shown in the following table. Similarly, in the present example, the mass flow rate and the outflow time of molten steel were calculated for different liquid surface heights at each angle of the converter inclination angle β ranging from 66 ° to 102 ° according to this method, thereby constructing the basic database shown in table 1 at each angle of 66 ° to 102 °.
TABLE 1 tapped molten steel mass flow and tapping time at different liquid level heights at a converter tilt angle beta of 90 DEG
| Height of liquid surface, m | Total volume, m3 | Volume of molten steel, m3 | Amount of molten steel in furnace, t | Mass flow rate, kg/s | Time of outflow, s |
| 0.9593 | 13.79882 | 11.79882 | 89.671 | 278.02 | 0.00 |
| 0.9254 | 13.04235 | 11.04235 | 83.922 | 273.06 | 20.87 |
| 0.8914 | 12.30112 | 10.30112 | 78.289 | 268.00 | 20.82 |
| 0.8575 | 11.57553 | 9.57553 | 72.774 | 262.85 | 20.78 |
| 0.8235 | 10.86585 | 8.86585 | 67.380 | 257.59 | 20.73 |
| 0.7896 | 10.17248 | 8.17248 | 62.111 | 252.23 | 20.67 |
| 0.7556 | 9.49572 | 7.49572 | 56.967 | 246.74 | 20.62 |
| 0.7217 | 8.83597 | 6.83597 | 51.953 | 241.14 | 20.55 |
| 0.6877 | 8.19356 | 6.19356 | 47.071 | 235.40 | 20.49 |
| 0.6538 | 7.56893 | 5.56893 | 42.324 | 229.51 | 20.42 |
| 0.6198 | 6.96246 | 4.96246 | 37.715 | 223.47 | 20.35 |
| 0.5859 | 6.37458 | 4.37458 | 33.247 | 217.27 | 20.27 |
| 0.5519 | 5.80578 | 3.80578 | 28.924 | 210.88 | 20.19 |
| 0.5180 | 5.25651 | 3.25651 | 24.749 | 204.29 | 20.11 |
| 0.4840 | 4.72733 | 2.72733 | 20.728 | 197.48 | 20.02 |
| 0.4501 | 4.21880 | 2.21880 | 16.863 | 190.43 | 19.93 |
| 0.4161 | 3.73155 | 1.73155 | 13.160 | 183.10 | 19.83 |
| 0.3822 | 3.26630 | 1.26630 | 9.624 | 175.48 | 19.72 |
| 0.3482 | 2.82383 | 0.82383 | 6.261 | 167.50 | 19.61 |
| 0.3143 | 2.40505 | 0.40505 | 3.078 | 159.12 | 19.49 |
| 0.2803 | 2.01103 | 0.01103 | 0.084 | 150.28 | 19.36 |
And 4, calculating the tapping time of the converter by adopting the following method according to the basic database constructed in the step 3 and by combining a tilting operation system in the tapping process of the converter: the interval is subdivided into a plurality of smaller angle intervals from the beginning angle to the ending angle of the tapping process of the converter, and the mass flow of each angle interval is taken as the average value of the minimum angle and the maximum angle mass flow of the interval. At this time, the outflow time of molten steel in each angle section can be calculated by dividing the angle value of the angle section by the tilting speed of the converter according to the tilting speed of the converter, and if the converter stops tapping at a certain inclination angle, the outflow time of molten steel at the inclination angle is the converter stopping time. Meanwhile, the molten steel amount in each angle interval can be calculated according to the product of the mass flow and the molten steel outflow time of each angle interval. And analogizing in turn, calculating the molten steel outflow time and the molten steel outflow quantity according to the tilting speed of the converter for all the subdivided angle intervals in the whole converter tapping process, connecting all the subdivided angle intervals into a dynamic process, and calculating the accumulated molten steel outflow time, the accumulated molten steel outflow quantity and the residual molten steel quantity until the molten steel is completely discharged. The tapping time used by the converter is obtained by adding the molten steel flowing-out time of all the angle intervals together.
For the 120t converter of the embodiment, the following tapping operating system is adopted: the maximum rotating speed is 1.5r/min at 0-75 degrees, the middle rotating speed is 0.8r/min at 75-87 degrees, most of molten steel is discharged at 87 degrees, and the converter is continuously tilted at the minimum rotating speed of 0.15r/min until the molten steel is discharged completely. Aiming at the tapping operation system, the tapping time of the converter is calculated by combining the basic database constructed in the step 3 as follows:
(1) at an angle of 0 to 75 °: a maximum rotational speed of 1.5r/min, i.e. 9 °/s, is used. The time used was: t is t1When 75/9 is 8.33s, the steel output is negligible.
(2) At 75 to 87 degrees: a mid-range speed of 0.8r/min, i.e. 4.8 °/s, is used. The results of the calculation of the tapping time of the converter during this tilting and the amount of molten steel remaining in the converter are shown in Table 2, and the time taken: t is t212/4.8-2.50 s, and the accumulated amount of tap water is: 0.6194179t, the residual molten steel amount in the converter furnace is 119.3806 t.
TABLE 2 calculation of the tapping time and the residual quantity of molten steel in the converter from 75 DEG to 87 DEG of tilting
| Angle of tilting of the converter | Tilting speed, ° s | Time of outflow, s | Mass flow of steel discharged, kg/s | Quantity of discharged molten steel, kg | Amount of molten steel in furnace, t |
| 75 | 4.8 | 0.0000 | 200.5166 | 0.0000 | 120.0000 |
| 76 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 209.5744 | 42.7178 | 119.9573 |
| 77 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 218.2565 | 44.5657 | 119.9127 |
| 78 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 226.8196 | 46.3621 | 119.8664 |
| 79 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 234.7965 | 48.0850 | 119.8183 |
| 80 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 242.6798 | 49.7371 | 119.7685 |
| 81 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 249.9718 | 51.3179 | 119.7172 |
| 82 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 256.8085 | 52.7896 | 119.6644 |
| 83 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 263.2384 | 54.1716 | 119.6103 |
| 84 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 269.8138 | 55.5263 | 119.5547 |
| 85 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 275.9832 | 56.8538 | 119.4979 |
| 86 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 281.7203 | 58.0941 | 119.4398 |
| 87 | 4.8 | 0.2083 | 286.5694 | 59.1968 | 119.3806 |
| Accumulation of | - | 2.5000 | - | 619.4179 | - |
(3) Tapping after the steel stays at 87 degrees: as shown in the following table, at 119.3806t, the converter discharged most of the molten steel at that angle, and to avoid that the molten steel could not be discharged until the end angle, only 5.0132t remained, corresponding to the discharge time t3Approximately 526.77 s.
TABLE 3 calculation of the tapping time and the residual quantity of molten steel in the converter at an angle of 87 DEG
| Height of liquid surface, m | Total volume, m3 | Volume of molten steel, m3 | Amount of molten steel in furnace, t | Mass flow rate, kg/s | Time of outflow, s |
| 1.0192 | 17.7071 | 15.7071 | 119.3806 | 286.57 | 0.00 |
| 0.9787 | 16.7426 | 14.7426 | 112.0440 | 280.82 | 25.86 |
| 0.9383 | 15.8000 | 13.8000 | 104.8798 | 274.95 | 25.78 |
| 0.8978 | 14.8764 | 12.8764 | 97.8604 | 268.96 | 25.81 |
| 0.8574 | 13.9728 | 11.9728 | 90.9933 | 262.83 | 25.83 |
| 0.8169 | 13.0891 | 11.0891 | 84.2772 | 256.55 | 25.86 |
| 0.7764 | 12.2263 | 10.2263 | 77.7198 | 250.12 | 25.88 |
| 0.7360 | 11.3848 | 9.3848 | 71.3244 | 243.51 | 25.91 |
| 0.6955 | 10.5650 | 8.5650 | 65.0941 | 236.73 | 25.95 |
| 0.6551 | 9.7676 | 7.7676 | 59.0336 | 229.74 | 25.98 |
| 0.6146 | 8.9930 | 6.9930 | 53.1467 | 222.53 | 26.03 |
| 0.5741 | 8.2418 | 6.2418 | 47.4376 | 215.08 | 26.09 |
| 0.5337 | 7.5150 | 5.5150 | 41.9136 | 207.36 | 26.15 |
| 0.4932 | 6.8128 | 4.8128 | 36.5771 | 199.35 | 26.24 |
| 0.4528 | 6.1359 | 4.1359 | 31.4327 | 191.00 | 26.36 |
| 0.4123 | 5.4853 | 3.4853 | 26.4882 | 182.26 | 26.49 |
| 0.3718 | 4.8621 | 2.8621 | 21.7522 | 173.09 | 26.66 |
| 0.3314 | 4.2666 | 2.2666 | 17.2259 | 163.40 | 26.90 |
| 0.2909 | 3.7000 | 1.7000 | 12.9200 | 153.10 | 27.21 |
| 0.2505 | 3.1638 | 1.1638 | 8.8448 | 142.05 | 27.61 |
| 0.2101 | 2.6596 | 0.6596 | 5.0132 | 130.08 | 28.16 |
| 0.1724 | 2.3489 | 0.3489 | 2.6516 | 117.86 | 19.05 |
| Accumulation of | - | - | - | - | 545.81 |
(4) At 87 ° to end point: a lower rotational speed of 0.15r/min, i.e. 0.9 °/s, is used. The results of calculation of the tapping time of the converter during this tilting and the amount of molten steel remaining in the converter are shown in the following table, from which it is understood that the tapping mass flow rate is faster and faster as the converter tilts, and all the molten steel is tapped at about 100 °, so that the end angle is 100 °, and the molten steel tapping time is: t is t4≈14.44s。
TABLE 4 calculation of the tapping time and the residual quantity of molten steel in the converter from the rotation at an angle of 87 ℃ to the end
| Angle of tilting of the converter | Tilting speed, ° s | Time of outflow, s | Mass flow of steel discharged, kg/s | Quantity of discharged molten steel, kg | Amount of molten steel in furnace, t |
| 87 | 0.9 | 0.0000 | 117.8606 | 0 | 2.6516 |
| 88 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 136.1331 | 141.1076 | 2.5105 |
| 89 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 146.1245 | 156.8098 | 2.3537 |
| 90 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 158.9476 | 169.4845 | 2.1842 |
| 91 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 167.5046 | 181.3623 | 2.0028 |
| 92 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 174.9624 | 190.2594 | 1.8126 |
| 93 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 181.6589 | 198.1229 | 1.6145 |
| 94 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 187.9806 | 205.3553 | 1.4091 |
| 95 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 194.0103 | 212.2172 | 1.1969 |
| 96 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 197.8356 | 217.6922 | 0.9792 |
| 97 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 202.5425 | 222.4323 | 0.7568 |
| 98 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 205.8352 | 226.8765 | 0.5299 |
| 99 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 208.3137 | 230.0827 | 0.2998 |
| 100 | 0.9 | 1.1111 | 208.2134 | 231.4039 | 0.0684 |
| Accumulation of | - | 14.4444 | - | - | - |
(5) From the above, the converter tapping from 0 ° to the end point includes four processes according to the given tapping operating regime: tapping at 0-75 degrees, 75-87 degrees and 87 degrees, and stopping at 87 degrees until the finishing point. The sum of the flowing-out time of the four processes is tapping time: 8.33s +2.50s +526.77s +14.44s 552.04s, about 9.2 min.
The method for calculating the tapping time of the steel converter can be popularized to the tapping time calculation under the conditions of any converter shape, different slag-steel ratios, different tap hole diameters, any tapping operation system and the like, and lays an important foundation for the analysis of influence factors of the tapping time of the converter, the optimization of the converter tapping operation system, the optimization of tapping temperature reduction and other process optimizations.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for calculating tapping time of a steel converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining converter process and structure parameters;
step 2, dividing the converter from tapping to finishing according to the inclination angle of the converter, and calculating molten steel, slag volume and molten steel quality in the converter at different liquid level heights under each converter inclination angle;
step 3, calculating the molten steel mass flow and the outflow time of tapping at different liquid level heights under each converter inclination angle according to the molten steel and slag volume and the molten steel mass in the converter calculated in the step 2, and constructing a database according to corresponding data;
and 4, calculating the tapping time of the converter by taking the database in the step 3 as a basis.
2. The method for calculating tapping time of a steelmaking converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the converter inclination angle is an angle at which the converter is rotated clockwise from a normal line of a horizontal plane.
3. The method for calculating tapping time of a steelmaking converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the converter process parameters in step 1 include converter type and structure size, converter tapping tilting mechanism type, operation characteristics and rotating speed range.
4. The method for calculating tapping time of a steelmaking converter according to claim 3, wherein the step 2 specifically includes:
s1 according to the given converter molten pool slag-steel ratio
And converter tonnage MBOFDetermining the volume V of slag in the converterslag；
S2, modeling the converter by adopting three-dimensional drawing software or numerical modeling and simulation software, simulating and determining the liquid level positions of molten steel and slag in the steel tapping process of the converter at each fixed inclination angle, and solving the initial liquid level and the final liquid level of steel tapping;
s3, under a fixed converter inclination angle, dividing the converter into small height sections from the initial liquid level position to the final liquid level position according to the initial liquid level position to the final liquid level position obtained in the step S2, obtaining different liquid level positions within the range from the initial liquid level to the final liquid level, dividing the internal shape of the converter into two parts by using a water level at each different liquid level position, taking off the part, wherein the volume of the part is the total volume of the molten steel and the slag in the converter corresponding to the liquid level position, and calculating the volume below the liquid level of the molten steel under the fixed converter inclination angle and the volumes of the molten steel and the slag in the converter corresponding to different liquid level heights through three-dimensional drawing software or numerical modeling and simulation software;
s4, analyzing and determining the inclination angle range of the converter tapping process, namely determining an initial inclination angle alpha and a terminal inclination angle beta;
and S5, repeating the steps S2-S4, and calculating to obtain the molten steel and slag volume and molten steel mass in the converter under all the subdivided liquid level heights corresponding to each inclination angle of the converter in the range of alpha to beta.
5. The method for calculating tapping time of a steelmaking converter as claimed in claim 4, wherein the initial liquid level in step S2 is: under a fixed converter inclination angle, the liquid level position of the maximum molten steel amount which can be contained by the converter is located; the end liquid level is: under the fixed converter inclination angle, after the converter can discharge molten steel at most, the liquid level position of the slag can not be discharged in the whole process.
6. The method for calculating tapping time of a steelmaking converter as claimed in claim 4, wherein in said step S4, the tapping start inclination angle is: in converter tonnage MBOFThe position of the liquid surface is just inclined when the steel tapping hole is level. The steel tapping terminal inclination angle is as follows: the residual V can be accommodated after the molten steel in the converter is completely dischargedslagThe maximum inclination angle of the slag is ensured, and the slag can not flow out of the furnace mouth.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the mass flow rate of molten steel tapped from the converter at a fixed inclination and a fixed liquid level (i.e. tap hole mass flow rate) is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: dM/dt is the mass flow of the steel tapping hole, kg/s; rho is the molten steel density;
pore coefficient values; a. the2Is the cross section area in the tap hole.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step 3, the height of the molten steel in the converter is subdivided into smaller height sections at a fixed inclination angle of the converter, the tapping mass flow Q of each height section is the average value of the maximum and minimum height corresponding tapping mass flow Q of the height section, and the mass Δ M of the molten steel flowing out from the maximum height to the minimum height of the height section (obtained by subtracting the minimum height corresponding molten steel mass from the maximum height corresponding molten steel mass) is known, so that the tapping time of the molten steel in the height section is Δ M/Q at the fixed inclination angle of the converter.
9. The method for calculating tapping time of a steelmaking converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step 4, the tapping time is calculated in a manner that:
from the initial angle to the final angle of the converter tapping process, subdividing the interval into a plurality of smaller angle intervals, and measuring the mass flow of each angle interval to obtain the average value of the minimum angle and the maximum angle mass flow of the interval; at the moment, according to the tilting speed of the converter, the outflow time of the molten steel in each angle interval can be calculated by dividing the angle value of the angle interval by the tilting speed of the converter, and if the converter stays at a certain inclination angle for tapping, the outflow time of the molten steel at the inclination angle is the staying time of the converter; meanwhile, the amount of molten steel discharged in each angle interval can be calculated according to the product of the mass flow of each angle interval and the molten steel discharge time; and for the whole converter tapping process, calculating the molten steel outflow time and the outflow molten steel amount according to the tilting speed of the converter for all the subdivided angle intervals, connecting all the subdivided angle intervals into a dynamic process, calculating the accumulated molten steel outflow time, the accumulated outflow molten steel amount and the residual molten steel amount until the molten steel is completely discharged, and accumulating the molten steel outflow time of all the angle intervals together to obtain the tapping time used by the converter.
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