CN1123453A - Magnetism-holding electromagnet and fabrication method thereof - Google Patents
Magnetism-holding electromagnet and fabrication method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1123453A CN1123453A CN 94111987 CN94111987A CN1123453A CN 1123453 A CN1123453 A CN 1123453A CN 94111987 CN94111987 CN 94111987 CN 94111987 A CN94111987 A CN 94111987A CN 1123453 A CN1123453 A CN 1123453A
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Abstract
The electromagnet uses common iron or ferrite ceramic instead of silicon sheet or electric pure iron; it has fully closed core structure, good magnetic and switching performance, high control sensitivity, its highest working frequency exceeds 18000c/h. It can be used in contactors, relays, electromagnetic valves and brakes etc.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet and preparation method thereof, belong to the electromagnet field of low-voltage electrical apparatus.The control circuit that electromagnet mainly is made of solenoid, iron core, permanent magnet, an electronic component etc. is formed.Its preparation method mainly comprise with the common iron of cheapness or ferrite ceramics low-cost produce electromagnet core in enormous quantities and guarantee the magnetic-holding electric magnet of making thus have good magnetic property, switching characteristic and frequent frequency of operation and low temperature rise etc. several partly.
In prior art, though CN89213176.5 provides a kind of implementation result preferable magnetic-holding electric magnet new solution, its deficiency is in described electromagnet core loop and becomes closed magnetic circuit by two elements combination, has increased the required precision of magnetic resistance and production technology.CN92108199.5 has made innovation to the control principle of electromagnet and has improved on the basis of this patent, its deficiency is in the control circuit that can only be applicable to that energy storage capacitor is connected in series with solenoid, the current limiting element temperature rise is higher during releasing operation, causes energy dissipation and makes operational environment desirable not to the utmost.CN89103048.4 provides a kind of founding carbon steel to make the new solution that semi-hard magnetic material is made the contactor iron core through Quenching Treatment, its deficiency is in the magnetic-holding electric magnet switching characteristic of contactor undesirable, the time lag phenomenon easily takes place, frequency of operation is not high, and manufacturing process is not suitable for extensive flowing water production.
The objective of the invention is to avoid the deficiency place of above-mentioned prior art and provide a kind of common iron and steel or ferrite ceramics with cheapness to replace the new solution that traditional silicon steel disc or electrical pure iron are made magnetic-holding electric magnet, it has the electromagnetic circuit iron core of full-closed structure, have excellent magnetic characteristics, high control sensitivity and special adhesive damping shock resistance characteristic moving unshakable in one's determination are arranged, suitable low-cost streamline production in enormous quantities.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet that can have the under voltage protection function that can frequent operation, and its operating frequency can surpass per hour 18000 weeks during AC excitation.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention is that some structure member of above-mentioned magnetic-holding electric magnet and their combination are required to make necessary constraint qualification, demonstrates fully its due technical characterictic to guarantee described electromagnet.
The 4th purpose of the present invention provides the some kinds of low-cost preparation methods that produce above-mentioned magnetic-holding electric magnet in enormous quantities.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:
A kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet, by permanent magnet, unshakable in one's determination, solenoid, formations such as electronic component, have at the central part place in a loop unshakable in one's determination and to be no less than a bobbin and to be wrapped interior, central axial line with bobbin is a symmetry axis, on outer pole-face, be provided with and be no less than a permanent magnet near a certain side iron core of bobbin axial end portion, polarity of lower pole face is opposite each other on it, a strip or block permanent magnetism yoke link together the outside pole-face of permanent magnet, central part place at the inboard pole-face of permanent magnetism yoke is provided with a fixedly magnetic core, it pierces into the loop unshakable in one's determination of above-mentioned electromagnet and puts in bobbin, and be provided with a guide rail bearing at central part place near the above-mentioned loop unshakable in one's determination of another axial end portion of bobbin, the moving lead rail axis of inserting unshakable in one's determination is made reciprocal rectilinear motion, with moving central axial line unshakable in one's determination and bobbin is symmetry axis, be formed on geometry, the installation site, the symmetrical work magnetic circuit in magnetic property aspect, wherein, one independently electromagnetic circuit be whole permanent magnetic circuit organic composition partly, the preferential carbon steel that uses, structural alloy steel, cast iron, the electromagnet core with full-closed structure shape (140) that permeability magnetic materials such as common iron and steel such as cast steel or ferrite ceramics are made, it is provided with through hole (24) and (25) respectively at the central part place of two yokes (141) and (142) up and down;
Described guide rail bearing (26) is one and makes the individual components that forms by what ring flange (27) and pole shoe (28) constituted with ferromagnetic material.It has the cross section axis hole (30) of regularization and the vertical cunning of regularization is joined face (31), forms to slide between the moving iron core (8) that the latter and insertion are slided and joins gap (23), and its minimum value is several microns, and conventional value is selected for use to 200 micrometer ranges at tens of microns;
Described bobbin (7) is inlayed by coaxial mounted bobbin main body (701) and centring ring (702) and is formed, and the former pushes and rely on the guide rail bearing (26) that pushes from through hole (24) and the vertical stratification that imbeds the bobbin axis hole of the centring ring (702) that pushes from through hole (25) is partly located from the lateral space of electromagnet core (140);
Described fixedly magnetic core (2) be one at the column that contains unequal cross-sectional area more than two on the axial height, the cross-sectional area of convex body (501) is less, and be provided with the circular table (503) of a level between the core body (502), by adding interference fit convex body (501) is inserted in the central axis hole (505) of permanent magnetism yoke (5), utilize again be arranged on convex body (501) outside central axis hole (504) fixedly magnetic core (2) expand riveting on permanent magnetism yoke (5);
The main body (502) of described fixedly magnetic core (2) is passed from the central axis hole of centring ring (702), be provided with an annular gap (125) that periphery is well-balanced between the inner edge of the through hole (25) of the lower yoke (142) of it and electromagnet core, the too small polarization magnetic circuit leakage flux that causes of this gap increases and causes that the ferromagnetic confining force of electromagnetism descends, but Electromagnetic Control sensitivity improves relatively, otherwise then Electromagnetic Control sensitivity descends, and the magnetic confining force improves, and its optimum value can be selected for use in 0.2 millimeter to 2 millimeters scope;
A shock resistance spring (901) is sleeved on the outside of coaxial fixedly core body (502), it can be a compression spring of helical form, dish shape, sleeve-like, and the land of mold (902) of spring when freely stretching exceeds 1～3 millimeter than the fixing main pole face of core body (502);
Can an independent ancillary coil of coiling (601) on described bobbin (7), a non-return diode (602) is attempted by its two ends, select coil around to the closure of diode, can sense enough big induced potential when making unshakable in one's determination (8) in the adhesive motion process, enter into a certain polairzed area of magnetic circuit, thereby in the main magnetic circuit of electromagnet, produce a counter magnetic flux, the polarization acceleration that moves (8) unshakable in one's determination is played a kind of electrical damping antihunt action; An independent ancillary coil (611) also can be set on described bobbin (7), a non-return diode (613) and an electronic switch (612) series connection insert the ancillary coil circuit, be attempted by then on the DC power supply (616), electronic switch (612) is a kind of semiconductor switch device, as the intergranular pipe, triode, VMOS field effect transistor etc., also can be a kind of electromagnetism or photoelectricity near switch, when moving (6) unshakable in one's determination enter into a certain polairzed area of magnetic circuit in inhaling the platform process, position transducer (614) sends command signal, starting monostable trigger (615) makes electronic switch (612) open-minded, DC power supply (616) provides an enough big reverse excitation electromotive force to ancillary coil (611), thereby in the main magnetic circuit of electromagnet, produce a counter magnetic flux, the polarization acceleration that moves (8) unshakable in one's determination is played a kind of electrical damping antihunt action;
It is that solid lubricants such as major ingredient, molybdenum bisuphide are the oiliness bearing that the conventional powder metallurgical technique sintering of employing of auxiliary material forms with good magnetic conduction iron-based material that guide rail bearing (26) also can be one.Can also be provided with the slit (29) that blocks annular vortex flow together and prevent to rub the generation thermal deformation on the guide rail bearing (26).The medial surface (271) of the ring flange (27) of guide rail bearing (26) and the interior outer vertical (31) of pole shoe (28) and (281), all be a roughness less than 1.6 microns shiny surface, ring flange (27) is provided with uniform hole (272), rely on screw (273) to make the medial surface (271) of ring flange and the pole-face of upper magnet yoke (141) realize good interference fit, rely on the fit clearance size and the cooperate area of adjusting ring flange (27) of controlling pole shoe outer vertical (281) and through hole (24), the magnetic resistance of associated magnetic circuit is reduced as far as possible with pole shoe (28).Centring ring (702) also can be made of one with shock resistance cushion block (43), and the latter's axial height is Duoed an air gap (301) than the axial height of permanent magnet (3), and its optimum value is selected for use between 0.06 millimeter at 0.03 millimeter.
A kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet, its loop unshakable in one's determination is at first by common iron and steel, cast iron, cast steel, cast iron casting body pottery permeability magnetic material is formed, it is provided with a solenoid, solenoid series connection therewith again after combined floodgate electronic switch and the capacitor parallel connection, be attempted by on the dc excitation power with above-mentioned series circuit again after a current limiting element and a separating brake electronic switch series connection, in any one main circuit of the inlet wire side of the DC power supply of foregoing circuit, the non-return diode of connecting, it the inlet wire side again and connect an exciting voltage sampler, closing pulse circuits for triggering make one of combined floodgate electronic switch conducting give after connecting AC power and delay and disjunction automatically when fixed, solenoid is started by the forward excitation pulse current, electromagnetic actuation, capacitor enters the energy storage operating state, when the AC power dead electricity, the exciting voltage sampler promotes the conducting of separating brake electronic switch, and capacitor discharges to solenoid is counter, and electromagnet discharges automatically.
A filtering capacitor (117) and closing pulse circuits for triggering (106) are arranged on the inlet wire side of contrary diode (105).The latter's output is one of input of an OR circuit (111), a bleeder circuit (112) and capacitor (107) parallel connection.The voltage divider output of its setting be OR circuit (111) input two. select suitable bleeder circuit voltage ratio and suitably reduce the capacity of filtering capacitor (117), can make the frequency of operation of the magnetic-holding electric magnet of Alternating Current Power Supply surpass 18000C/h;
The Zener diode (115) of also can connecting in the negative or positive electrode circuit of exciting voltage sampler (102), magnetic-holding electric magnet can be subjected to Zener voltage control and possess the under voltage protection function.Exciting voltage sampler (102) and Zener diode (115) can be replaced by the voltage comparator of a routine or voltage threshold amplitude discriminator (118).
The preparation method who uses cheap common iron and ferrite ceramics to replace traditional silicon steel sheet and electrical pure iron and can produce the good magnetic-holding electric magnet of magnetic property and switching characteristic in the mode of large-scale pipeline;
Carbon steel or steel alloy steel pipe pipeline section are rolled into the steel tubes of regularization such as rectangle, square, ellipse by the cross sectional dimensions unshakable in one's determination of designing requirement, excision forming after conventional heat treatment, two outside pole-faces of lower yoke (141) and (142) are gone up in plain grinding processing then, utilize standard fixture boring system through hole (24) and (25) again, at last the outer surface of iron core is made anti-corrosion PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as conventional plating or spraying plating;
Connect designing requirement and make pattern, pattern is advanced in perfusion or die casting after the ferromagnetic substance heat fused such as cast iron, cast steel, to be cooled to the room temperature again to upper magnet yoke (141), lower yoke (142), side magnetic yoke (4), through hole (24) and (25) machine work, at last outer surface unshakable in one's determination is made anti-corrosion PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as conventional plating or spraying plating;
The mild steel section bar of cheapness is rolling or roll into the steel tubes pipeline section of regularization cross sections such as the rectangle of seam, square, ellipse by the physical dimension of designing requirement, excision forming after high-frequency welding, two outside pole-faces of lower yoke (141) and (142) are gone up in plain grinding processing, utilize standard fixture boring system through hole (24) and (25) again, at last the outer surface of iron core is made anti-corrosion PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as conventional plating or spraying plating;
Make pattern by designing requirement,, can carry out Ageing Treatment in case of necessity sinter molding and heat-treating according to a conventional method behind the Ferrite Material cooperation mixing that is suitable for;
The depth-width ratio optimum value of described closed electromagnet core (140) is 0.5 to 1.0 at electromagnet master stroke δ during less than 4 millimeters, and δ hour is 0.8 to 1.6 greater than 4 millis, and δ can reach more than 2.0 during greater than 20 millimeters;
Described electromagnet is in dispose procedure, if energy storage capacitor (107) is attempted by on the combined floodgate electronic switch (109), then current limiting element (104) is by following principle preparation, making has a negative spike to occur in the solenoid (6), and after decaying to zero point, occur a less positive spike of amplitude again and also no longer allow to occur waveform, if energy storage capacitor (6) is serially connected in the main circuit of solenoid (6), then current limiting element both can prepare by mentioned above principle, the integral area that also can make negative spike enough greatly and amplitude enough high, positive spike and waveform no longer appear after decaying to zero point;
Described electromagnet is in the releasing operation process, no matter how energy storage capacitor (107) or (6) connect.Peace is gone into a decompression device and is made the voltage that is full of on this capacitor plate be reduced to certain limit in its major loop.Just can cancel current limiting element (104), make energy storage capacitor through the separating brake electronic switch to the directly anti-discharge of solenoid, the negative spike amplitude of its appearance is enough high, has the appearance of positive spike that oscillatory occurences does not take place after decaying to zero point.
Structural representation, control principle figure and embodiment below with reference to magnetic-holding electric magnet do detailed elaboration to the present invention.
The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:
Fig. 1 is a combined closing formula magnetic-holding electric magnet structural representation.
Fig. 2 is a full-closed structure formula magnetic-holding electric magnet structural representation.
Fig. 3 is a full-closed structure formula electromagnet core vertical profile schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a full-closed structure formula electromagnet core schematic top plan view.
Fig. 5 is inserted coil holder structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the guide rail bearing embodiment A.
Fig. 7 is the guide rail bearing Embodiment B.
Fig. 8 is the guide rail bearing Embodiment C.
Fig. 9 is guide rail bearing embodiment D.
Figure 10 is fixing magnetic core schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is a permanent magnetism yoke schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is centring ring and shock resistance cushion block structural representation.
Figure 13 is a full-closed structure formula magnetic-holding electric magnet embodiment A.
Figure 14 is a full-closed structure formula magnetic-holding electric magnet Embodiment B.
Figure 15 is passive electric damping principle figure.
Figure 16 is active electrical damping schematic diagram.
Figure 17 is magnetic-holding electric magnet control principle block diagram A.
Figure 18 is the control circuit for magnetically held electromagnet embodiment A.
Figure 19 is magnetic-holding electric magnet control principle block diagram B.
Figure 20 is the control circuit for magnetically held electromagnet Embodiment B.
Figure 21 is full-closed structure formula electromagnetic core preparation method A.
Figure 22 is full-closed structure formula electromagnetic core preparation method B.
Figure 23 is full-closed structure formula electromagnetic core preparation method C.
Figure 24 is full-closed structure formula electromagnetic core preparation method D.
Figure 25 discharges control circuit principle schematic A for magnetic-holding electric magnet.
Figure 26 discharges control circuit principle schematic B for magnetic-holding electric magnet.
Figure 27 is the magnetic-holding electric magnet adhesive and discharges control waveform figure A.
Figure 28 is the magnetic-holding electric magnet adhesive and discharges control waveform figure B.
Fig. 1 is a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet of CN891059490 defined.The central part place of side magnetic yoke (4) is provided with one moving (8) unshakable in one's determination and inserts the guide rail bearing of motion, install and fix magnetic core (2) at the central part place of upper magnet yoke (1), with moving unshakable in one's determination (8) and fixedly the central axial line of magnetic core (2) be symmetry axis, permanent magnet (3) sticking is in place on the plane, the left and right sides of side magnetic yoke (4) and upper magnet yoke (1), lower yoke (5) and side magnetic yoke (4) are combined into the electromagnetic circuit of a sealing, insert in the space that is fixed on fixedly magnetic core (2) and permanent magnet (3) bottom of bobbin (7), one flat around solenoid (6) wrapped in described electromagnetic circuit central authorities, back-moving spring (9) provides a moment of reaction for moving (8) unshakable in one's determination.Detailed explanation can be consulted the CN89105949.0 patent documentation.
Fig. 2 be on the CN89105949.0 basis after further improving by the new construction scheme schematic diagram of a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet provided by the invention.Different with Fig. 1 is: put generation by an electromagnet core with full-closed structure shape by the electromagnet core that lower yoke (5) and side magnetic yoke (4) combine: the side magnetic yoke (4) of a upper magnet yoke (141) and a lower yoke (142) and the left and right sides constitutes an electromagnet core (140) with regularization cross sections such as rectangle, square, ellipses, as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.Last, the central part place of lower yoke (141) and (142) offers through hole (24) and (25) respectively, periphery at through hole (24) is provided with uniform screw (143) again, one flat around the bobbin main body (701) of solenoid (6) push in place from the lateral space of electromagnet core (140), one independently guide rail bearing (26) push from the lateral direction of through hole (24), it passes upper magnet yoke (141) and partly is that the some of the pole shoe (28) of Fig. 5-Fig. 9 embeds in the axis hole (703) of bobbin main body (701) upper end with its vertical stratification, centring ring (702) pushes from the lateral direction of through hole (25), the cross section of its gabarit cross section and through hole (25) coincide and slightly small fit-up gap each other, the upper end of centring ring (702) embeds in the axis hole (704) of bobbin main body (701) lower end, a pair or more of permanent magnet (3) sticking is positioned on the outer pole-face of lower yoke (142) and as far as possible away from the central symmetry axis of electromagnet, the shock resistance cushion block (43) that non-magnet material is made is provided with a pair of above location hole (311), it is slightly larger than the horizontal projected area of permanent magnet (3) and coincide with the Plane Installation position of permanent magnet (3), as shown in figure 12.Permanent magnetism yoke (5) is a strip or block horizontal magnetic pole, its central position is provided with central axis hole (505), fixedly magnetic core (2) pushes in the central axis hole (700) and (706) of shock resistance cushion block and centring ring (702) from the outside after forming integrative-structure by this hole and permanent magnetism yoke (5), RETENTION BY SOILS and centring ring (702) at permanent magnet (3), under the positioning action of shock resistance pad (43), permanent magnetism yoke (5) and fixedly magnetic core (2) be installed in place, at this moment, the end play of the outside pole-face of the inboard pole-face of permanent magnetism yoke (5) and lower yoke (142) is the axial height H of shock resistance cushion block (43)
6It is than the axial height H of permanent magnet (3)
2Have more a small air gap (301), its optimum value is selected for use between 0.06 millimeter at 0.03 millimeter.Appearance and very smooth column moving (8) unshakable in one's determination inserts in the axis hole (30) of guide rail bearings (26).Driven device by reset bullet Huang (9) or electromagnet provides an essential moment of reaction and makes automatic location, it and fixedly the pole-face gap delta of magnetic core (2) form the main working gas gap of magnetic-holding electric magnet.
Aspect architectural feature, electromagnet core (140), fixedly magnetic core (2), permanent magnetism yoke (5), moving (8) unshakable in one's determination, guide rail bearing (26) is all preferential adopts cheap carbon steel, cast iron, cast steel, structural alloy steel, common iron and steel and ferrite ceramics to make.Centring ring (702) comes down to a light-wall pipe, it is positioned at the well-balanced annular gap (125) of a periphery that forms between the inner edge (181) of the fixing through hole (25) of magnetic core (2) and lower yoke (142), permanent magnetism yoke (5) when this gap is too small, lower yoke (142), the polarization magnetic circuit leakage flux that permanent magnet (3) constitutes is too big, the magnetic confining force of electromagnet can descend significantly, certainly the Electromagnetic Control sensitivity meeting of adhesive of Electromagnetically-operating magnetic-holding electric magnet or release improves relatively, otherwise, the magnetic confining force increases but Electromagnetic Control sensitivity descends, so generally being set between 0.2 millimeter to 2 millimeters, the optimum value of annular gap (125) selects for use, therefore.The wall thickness of centring ring (702) is very thin sometimes, but very high to its rigidity requirement, can select rolling the forming of non-magnetic conductive metal material in case of necessity for use.
Fig. 6～Fig. 9 shows 4 kinds of embodiment of different rail bearing (26).It has the garden shape of regularization, the cross section axis hole (30) of geometry table shape such as square and the vertical cunning of regularization are joined face (31), when moving unshakable in one's determination (8) are inserted axis holes (30) and are made reciprocal rectilinear motion between the two small cunning of form join gap (23), when making electromagnet, strict control is carried out in this gap, its minimum value can be accomplished several little next, for example to the tens of approximately grams of electromagnetic attraction, its magnetic confining force of microminiature magnetic-holding electric magnet of 1 to 4 millimeter scope of main stroke and control sensitivity will be greatly improved, and play the beyond thought effect of traditional electrical magnet.Normal conditions glide and to join the technological requirement of gap (23) also will consider large quantities of products assembling the time, so select for use to 200 micrometer ranges at tens of microns.On the ring flange of guide rail bearing (27), the peripheral screw (143) of corresponding through hole (24) also is provided with uniform hole (272), relies on screw (273) that the inboard pole-face (271) of ring flange (27) is realized good interference fit with the outside pole-face of upper magnet yoke (141).Meanwhile, can also and increase the vertical cooperation area of joining face (31) of sliding of ring flange medial surface (271) by the minim gap that forms between the inboard mating surface (181) of control smooth outer vertical (281) of pole shoe and through hole (24) and reduce electromagnet core---guide rail bearing---moves the magnetic resistance of cooperation place unshakable in one's determination, thereby make described electromagnet obtain good magnetic performance with pole shoe.
When described electromagnet is a kind of large-scale electromagnet, for example the magnetic confining force surpasses 1000N sometimes, adopt the moving iron core (8) of the integral body of the iron work of ordinary steel to have very big cross-sectional area, in might in guide rail bearing (28), induct bigger vortex flow or the frictional heat distortion takes place of the moment of Electromagnetic Control, on guide rail bearing, set up an elongated slit (29) for this reason, cut off invalid vortex flow and provide an open gap for the hot straining of element simultaneously.
When described electromagnet need obtain the operating function of frequent adhesive, release, guide rail bearing (26) also can adopt the iron-based material that possesses good permeance such as iron scale etc. to be major ingredient, cooperating solid lubricant such as molybdenum bisuphide is auxiliary material, the oiliness bearing that forms with conventional powder metallurgical technique sintering.Under the suitable occasion of condition, the vertical cunning of the guide rail bearing that can also make at structural steel, steel alloy or high-carbon steel is joined on the face (31), possess the solid metallic or the nonmetal film of low-friction coefficient with the mode of the plasma spray one deck that is covered, polytetrafluoroethylene film etc. for example, the frictional heating and the metal surface that can improve equally between moving unshakable in one's determination and guide rail bearing axis hole are peeled off phenomenon.
In order further to improve permanent magnetism yoke (5) and the fixing magnetic property in magnetic core (2) anabolic process, as Figure 10, shown in Figure 11.Fixedly magnetic core is one the cross-sectional area of convex body (501) is less at the column that contains unequal cross-sectional area more than two on the axial height, and is provided with the circular table (503) of a level between the core body (502).Its surface roughness is usually less than 1.6 microns.The horizontal projected area of the central axis hole (505) of permanent magnetism yoke is slightly less than the horizontal cross-sectional area of convex body (501).By adding interference fit technology convex body (501) is inserted in the hole, and fixedly the bloated riveting of magnetic core (2) is on permanent magnetism yoke (5) to utilize the central axis hole (504) that is arranged on the external side of convex, what go out as shown in figure 13 is such.
Well known fact is because the existence of polarization magnetic circuit, and magnetic-holding electric magnet can obtain superfast adhesive characteristic, and for example CN89105949.0 just provides a main stroke 8 millimeters pickup time less than 2 milliseconds electromagnet embodiment.But, when the magnetic confining force that relates to is very big, permanent magnet has great magnetic energy product, when moving iron core enters into a certain polairzed area under the effect of starting electromagnetic force, moving iron core in the motion strengthens fixedly magnetic core (2) of acceleration shock suddenly because of the effect of polarization force, make the mechanical oscillation that rebounds and cause spring unshakable in one's determination on the one hand, making fixedly simultaneously, magnetic core has been subjected to unnecessary mechanical shock, in order to overcome this drawback, a shock resistance spring (901) cover is installed to the outside of coaxial core body (502), it can be a helical form, the dish shape, the compression spring of tubular, the land of mold when free extended configuration (902) exceeds 1～3 millimeter than the axial height of core body (502).
Figure 15 and Figure 16 have showed a kind of passive and a kind of active shock proof circuit of electrical damping moving unshakable in one's determination respectively, it be described electromagnet an organic composition partly.Be provided with a solenoid (6) on bobbin, its operation principle has been carried out sufficient lock by CN89105949.0 and CN91108305.7 and has been stated, and the present invention just makes replenishing on above-mentioned prior art scheme and upgrades.On described bobbin (7), can add again around an independent ancillary coil (601), a non-return diode (602) is attempted by the two ends of ancillary coil (601), ancillary coil around to and the closure of diode (602) select by following principle: when electromagnet starts to work and moving (8) unshakable in one's determination when entering into a certain polairzed area of electromagnet, in ancillary coil (601), can sense an induced potential that amplitude is enough big, thereby in the main magnetic circuit of electromagnet, produce a counter magnetic flux, its vector is vectorial opposite with electromagnetism forward strive forward magnetic magnetic flux and polar flux, thereby plays necessary electrical damping shock resistance effect.Otherwise when described electromagnet releasing operation, because the non-return effect of diode (602), ancillary coil (601) can not have side effects to the opening velocity of electromagnet.
An independently ancillary coil (611) is arranged among Figure 16, be connected in parallel in the main circuit of a non-return diode (613) and an electronic switch (612) series connection access ancillary coil and with a DC power supply (616), position transducer can be an electromagnetism or photoelectricity or magnetoelectricity near switch, transducer sends a command signal when moving (8) unshakable in one's determination enter into the polairzed area of setting, promote a monostable trigger (615) work, period of electronic switch (612) conducting, direct current is that ancillary coil (611) provides a reverse strive forward magnetoelectricity gesture, thereby necessary electrical damping shock resistance effect has been played in moving accelerated motion unshakable in one's determination.As seen from Figure 16, this is a kind of typical active electrical damping circuit moving unshakable in one's determination, selects some assembling device, can combine the function of several elements, but its operation principle all can't run off this frame principle figure.
Figure 17 is that a kind of that CN91108305.7 provides is attempted by control circuit for magnetically held electromagnet theory diagram on the combined floodgate electronic switch (109) with capacitor (107).Figure 18 is an embodiment of this kind control circuit, is documented in equally in the document of CN91108305.7.The present invention has made creationary improvement on this basis, and its theory diagram and embodiment are respectively shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20.As seen from the figure, the main points of substantial improvements scheme of the present invention are closing pulse circuits for triggering (106) from the outlet sidesway of non-return diode (105) to the inlet wire side, increased a bleeder circuit (112) simultaneously newly, make it in parallel with capacitor (107) and combined floodgate electronic switch (109), newly-increased OR circuit (111) seals between closing pulse circuits for triggering (106) and the combined floodgate electronic switch (109), it has two or an input, comes the dividing potential drop output of automatic triggering circuit (106) and bleeder circuit (112) respectively.When connecting AC power (100), the pulsating dc voltage of rectification circuit (101) output is piece flat by the less filtering capacitor (117) of capacity, closing pulse circuits for triggering 106) high level of output, make combined floodgate electronic switch (109) conducting through OR circuit (111), solenoid (6) is by forward strive forward magnetic, switching current I
HThe flow direction be K+ → G-, after period through a setting, low level of closing pulse circuits for triggering (106) output, the disjunction automatically of OR circuit (111) and platform lock electronic switch (109), electronics magnet attracting process finishes, and capacitor (107) is through solenoid (6) charging energy storage.Because bleeder circuit (112) is attempted by on the capacitor, its dividing potential drop output is locked in the state of disjunction for the first time through OR circuit (111) with combined floodgate electronic switch (109), the latter's switching characteristic is significantly improved, it will never because of pulsating direct current near the zero crossing malfunction.Embodiment shown in Figure 20 is the result who uses new solution of the present invention, and it is when exchanging 220 volts of strive forward magnetic, and the highest frequency of operation can surpass per hour 18000 weeks.Frequency of operation than Figure 18 embodiment electromagnet of CN911108305.7 scheme improved about 12000 weeks.
In addition, in the frame principle figure of Figure 19, also increased a Zener diode (115) newly.Make magnetic-holding electric magnet can obtain necessary under voltage protection.
Figure 12 shows a kind of replacement scheme that centring ring (702) and shock resistance cushion block (43) are made of one.It is with ABS engineering plastics hot pressing injection mo(u)lding.Technology is simple, and precision is higher.
Figure 13 shows one embodiment of the present of invention.It has moving mechanical damping shock resistance characteristic unshakable in one's determination.
Figure 14 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, and this is the sectional arrangement drawing of a magnetic latching contactor.Guide rail bearing wherein (26) is a ferrite oiliness bearing.Electromagnetic circuit is an electromagnet core (140) with the common iron making with full-closed structure shape, its depth-width ratio is about 1.0, cunning between the inboard vertical plane (31) of guide rail bearing axis hole (30) and moving (8) unshakable in one's determination is joined the gap and is (23), lower yoke (142) and fixedly annular gap (125) value between magnetic core (2) column be 1.2 millimeters, circuit printing plate (230), the be connected in series maximum operating frequency of contactor of the control circuit energy storage capacitor (10) of electromagnet and solenoid (6), surpass per hour 7200 weeks, specified strive forward magnetoelectricity is pressed and is AC380V, the voltage that starts to work is AC240V, magnetic property and switching characteristic are good, and mechanical endurance test and electrical endurance test all meet international standard.
Figure 21～24 show some kinds of preparation methods of electromagnet core part of the present invention.With traditional with electrical pure iron or to prepare the method for electromagnet core with silicon steel sheet completely different, its main feature is to make core material with cheap general iron and steel or ferrite ceramics, with the iron core of ten parts of simple technologies, the magnetic-holding electric magnet of flowing water production low-costly and in high volume.For the purpose of finding time in the midst of pressing affairs, its concrete grammar can be referring to the existing special narration of specification of the present invention.
Figure 25 shows the equivalent frame principle figure that a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet discharges control.This is the control circuit of a kind of capacitor " parallel connection " formula, and some element omits and do not paint.Dc excitation power of rectification circuit (101) output, the period switching current I of a regulation of combined floodgate electronic switch (109) conducting
H+ → G-, the electromagnetic actuation action, capacitor (107) divides the charging energy storage of having no progeny at electronic switch (109).When field power supply dead electricity or under-voltage protection action, capacitor (107) through the series loop of current limiting element (104) and separating brake electronic switch (103) to solenoid (6) back discharge, separating brake electric current I
FG+ → K-, according to capacitor volume, the charging amplitude of tank voltage and the D.C. resistance and the inductive component value of solenoid prepare by following principle current limiting element (104): make the voltage waveform of solenoid (6) have Figure 27-1) wave character.
Figure 26 shows a kind of control circuit for magnetically held electromagnet equivalence frame principle figure.This is the control circuit of a kind of capacitor " series connection " formula, has some elements to omit and does not paint.Switch (12) position as shown is the start position of electromagnet, dc excitation power of rectification circuit (16) output, switching current I
HFrom K+ → G-, electromagnetic actuation action, capacitor (10) is full of every directly.When switch (12) when placing dotted line position, capacitor (10) through switch (12), current limiting element (104) to the anti-discharge of solenoid (6), separating brake electric current I
FFrom G+ → K-, current limiting element (104) prepares by following principle: make the voltage waveform of solenoid (6) have Figure 28-II), III) shown in wave character.
No matter adopt the control frame principle figure of Figure 26 or Figure 25, as long as solenoid has sufficiently high internal resistance, the desirable sometimes minimum value of current limiting element (104) is a null value.
In a word, the magnetic wave shape of dispelling that only prepares current limiting element and regulation according to mentioned above principle, the magnetic-holding electric magnet that common iron or ferrite ceramics are made possesses good magnetic property simultaneously and opens and characteristic, and obtains high as far as possible frequency of operation with the caloric value of minimum.
For the purpose of finding time in the midst of pressing affairs, the dispel specific requirement of magnetoelectricity corrugating of relevant preparation current limiting element and regulation sees also the existing narration of specification.
In sum, compared with the prior art the present invention has following advantage:
1, replaces the iron core that expensive silicon steel sheet and electrical pure iron are made electromagnet with the common iron of cheapness or ferrite ceramics.
2, the magnetic of electromagnet is given birth to and can and be opened and characteristic good, and Electromagnetic Control is highly sensitive.
3, suitable frequent operation, the high workload switching frequency of electromagnet can surpass per hour 18000 weeks during AC excitation.
4, good mechanical damping moving unshakable in one's determination and electrical damping impact property are arranged.
5, mechanical life long, can 10 million time.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet, by permanent magnet, unshakable in one's determination, solenoid, formations such as electronic component, have at the central part place in a loop unshakable in one's determination and to be no less than a bobbin and to be wrapped interior, central axial line with bobbin is a symmetry axis, on outer pole-face, be provided with and be no less than a permanent magnet near a certain side iron core of bobbin axial end portion, polarity of lower pole face is opposite each other on it, a strip or block permanent magnetism yoke link together the outside pole-face of permanent magnet, central part place at the inboard pole-face of permanent magnetism yoke is provided with a fixedly magnetic core, the central part place that it pierces into the loop unshakable in one's determination of above-mentioned electromagnet is provided with a guide rail bearing, the moving lead rail axis of inserting unshakable in one's determination is made reciprocal rectilinear motion, with moving central axial line unshakable in one's determination and bobbin is symmetry axis, be formed on geometry, the installation site, the symmetrical work magnetic circuit in magnetic property aspect, one of them independently electromagnetic circuit be whole permanent magnetic circuit the machine side component part arranged, it is characterized in that:
A) described loop unshakable in one's determination is a preferential electromagnet core with full-closed structure shape (140) of using permeability magnetic materials such as common iron and steel such as carbon steel, structural alloy steel, cast iron, cast steel or ferrite ceramics to be made, and it is provided with through hole (24) and (25) respectively at the central part place of two yokes (141) and (142) up and down;
B) described guide rail bearing (26) is that a ferromagnetic material that is made of ring flange (27) and pole shoe (28) is made the individual components that forms, it has the cross section axis hole (30) of regularization and the vertical cunning of regularization is joined and (31), form the sliding gap (23) of joining between the moving iron core (8) that the latter and insertion are slided, its minimum value is several microns, and conventional value is selected for use to 200 micrometer ranges at tens of microns;
C) described bobbin (70) is inlayed by coaxial mounted bobbin main body (701) and centring ring (702) and is formed, and the former pushes and rely on the guide rail bearing (26) that pushes from through hole (24) and the vertical stratification that imbeds the bobbin axis hole of the centring ring (702) that pushes from through hole (25) is partly located from the lateral space of electromagnet core (140);
D) described fixedly magnetic core (2) be one at the column that contains unequal cross-sectional area more than two on the axial height, the cross-sectional area of convex body (501) is less, and be provided with the circular table (503) of a level between the core body (502), by adding interference fit, convex body (501) is inserted in the permanent magnetism yoke (5) (505), utilize again be arranged on convex body (501) outside central axis hole fixedly magnetic core (2) expand riveting on permanent magnetism yoke (5);
E) main body (502) of described fixedly magnetic core (2) is passed from the central axis hole of centring ring (702) between the inner edge of through hole (25) of lower yoke (142) of it and electromagnet core and is provided with an annular gap (125) that periphery is well-balanced; This gap is too small to cause polarization magnetic circuit leakage flux to increase and cause that the ferromagnetic confining force of electromagnetism descends, but Electromagnetic Control sensitivity improves relatively, on the contrary then Electromagnetic Control sensitivity decline and the magnetic confining force improves, and its optimum value can be selected for use in 0.2 millimeter to 2 millimeters scope;
F) a shock resistance spring (901) is sleeved on the outside of coaxial fixedly core body (502), it can be a compression spring of helical form, dish shape, sleeve-like, and the land of mold (902) of spring when freely stretching exceeds 1 to 3 millimeter than the fixing main pole face of core body (502);
G) can an independent ancillary coil of coiling (601) on described bobbin (7), a non-return diode (602) is attempted by its two ends, select coil around to the closure of diode, can sense enough big induced potential when making unshakable in one's determination (8) in the adhesive motion process, enter into a certain polairzed area of magnetic circuit, thereby in the main magnetic circuit of electromagnet, produce a counter magnetic flux, the polarization acceleration that moves (8) unshakable in one's determination is played a kind of electrical damping antihunt action;
H) an independent ancillary coil (611) also can be set on described bobbin (7), a non-return diode (613) and an electronics beginning (612) series connection insert the ancillary coil circuit and are attempted by then on the DC power supply (616), electronics beginning (612) is a kind of semiconductor beginning device, as thyristor, triode, VMOS field effect transistor etc., also can be a kind of electromagnetism or photoelectricity near switch, when moving unshakable in one's determination (6) enter into a certain polairzed area of magnetic circuit in attracting process, position transducer (614) sends command signal, start monostable trigger, (615) make electronics beginning (612) open-minded, dc power supply (616) provides a deexcitation magnetoelectricity gesture of nodding enough big to ancillary coil (611), thereby in the main magnetic circuit of electromagnet, produce a counter magnetic flux, the polarization acceleration of aroused in interest (8) is played a kind of electrical damping antihunt action;
2,, it is characterized in that it is that solid lubricants such as major ingredient, molybdenum bisuphide are the oiliness bearing that the conventional powder metallurgical technique sintering of employing of auxiliary material forms with good magnetic conduction iron-based material that described guide rail bearing (26) also can be one by the magnetic-holding electric magnet of claim regulation.
3,, it is characterized in that to be provided with on the described guide rail bearing (26) slit (29) that blocks annular vortex flow together and prevent to rub the generation thermal deformation by the magnetic-holding electric magnet of claim 1 regulation.
4, magnetic-holding electric magnet by claim 1 regulation, it is characterized in that the interior outer vertical (31) of the side (271) of ring flange (27) of described guide rail bearing (26) and pole shoe (28) and (281) all are roughness less than 1.6 microns shiny surface, ring flange (27) is provided with uniform hole (272), rely on screw (273) to make the medial surface (271) of ring flange and the pole-face of upper magnet yoke (141) realize good interference fit, rely on the fit clearance size and the cooperate area of adjusting ring flange (27) of controlling pole shoe outer vertical (281) and through hole (24), the magnetic resistance of associated magnetic circuit is reduced as far as possible with pole shoe (28).
5, the magnetic-holding electric magnet of stipulating by claim 1, it is characterized in that described centring ring (702) also can be made of one with shock resistance pad (43), the latter's axial height is Duoed an air gap (301) than the axial height of permanent magnet (3), and its optimum value is selected for use between 0.06 millimeter at 0.03 millimeter.
6, a kind of magnetic-holding electric magnet, its loop unshakable in one's determination is at first by common iron and steel, cast iron, cast steel, different magnetic material such as ferrite ceramics is formed, it is provided with a solenoid, after the beginning of combined floodgate electronics and the capacitor parallel connection more therewith a solenoid connect, be attempted by on the dc excitation power with above-mentioned series circuit again after a current limiting element and a separating brake electronic switch series connection, in any one main circuit of the inlet wire side of the DC power supply of foregoing circuit, the non-return diode of connecting, it the inlet wire side again and connect an exciting voltage sampler, closing pulse circuits for triggering after connecting AC power, make son of combined floodgate electronics beginning conducting fixed the time delay and disjunction automatically, solenoid is started by the forward excitation pulse current, electromagnetic actuation, capacitor enters the energy storage operating state, when the AC power dead electricity, the exciting voltage sampler promotes separating brake electronics beginning conducting, and capacitor discharges to solenoid is counter, electromagnet discharges automatically, it is characterized in that:
A) filtering capacitor (117) and closing pulse circuits for triggering (106) are arranged on the inlet wire side of non-return diode (105), the latter's output is one of input of or circuit (111), a bleeder circuit (112) and capacitor (107) parallel connection, the voltage divider output of its setting be OR circuit (111) input two, select suitable bleeder circuit voltage ratio and suitably reduce the capacity of filtering capacitor (117), can make the frequency of operation of Alternating Current Power Supply magnetic-holding electric magnet surpass 18000c/h;
B) zener diode (115) of also can connecting in the negative or positive electrode circuit of exciting voltage sampler (102), magnetic-holding electric magnet can be subjected to Zener voltage control and possess under voltage and keep function.
7, by the magnetic-holding electric magnet of claim 6 regulation, described exciting voltage sampler (102) and zener diode (115) can be replaced by the voltage comparator of a routine or voltage threshold amplitude discriminator (118).
8, a kind of by claim 1 regulation magnetic-holding electric magnet, the preparation method who uses cheap common iron and ferrite ceramics to replace traditional silicon steel sheet and electrical pure iron and can produce the good electromagnet of magnetic property and switching characteristic in the mode of scale streamline is characterized in that:
A) carbon steel or alloy pipe pipeline section are rolled into the shape steel tube of leading of regularization such as rectangle, square, ellipse by the cross sectional dimensions unshakable in one's determination of designing requirement, excision forming after conventional heat treatment, two outside pole-faces of lower yoke (141) and (142) are gone up in plain grinding processing then, utilize standard fixture system through hole (24) and (25) again, at last the outer surface of iron core is done anti-corrosion processing such as conventional plating or spraying plating;
B) make pattern by designing requirement, pattern is advanced in perfusion or die casting after the ferromagnetic substance heat fused such as cast iron, cast steel, to be cooled to the room temperature again to upper magnet yoke (141), lower yoke (142), side magnetic yoke (4) through hole (24) and (25) machine work, at last outer surface unshakable in one's determination is made the anti-PROCESS FOR TREATMENT of melting such as conventional plating or spraying plating;
C) the mild steel section bar of cheapness is rolling or roll into the steel tubes pipeline section of regularization cross sections such as the rectangle of seam, square, ellipse by the physical dimension of designing requirement, excision forming after high-frequency welding, two outside pole-faces of lower yoke (141) and (142) are gone up in plain grinding processing, utilize standard fixture boring system through hole (24) and (25) again, at last the outer surface of iron core is made anti-corrosion PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as conventional plating or spraying plating;
D) make pattern by designing requirement,, can carry out Ageing Treatment in case of necessity sinter molding and heat-treating according to a conventional method behind the Ferrite Material cooperation mixing that is suitable for;
E) the depth-width ratio optimum value of described closed electromagnet core (140) is 0.5-1.0 at electromagnet master stroke δ during less than 4 millimeters, and δ is 0.8 to 1.6 during greater than 4 millimeters, and δ can reach more than 2.0 during greater than 20 millimeters;
F) described electromagnet is in the releasing operation process, if energy storage capacitor (107) is attempted by in the combined floodgate electronics beginning (109), then current limiting element (104) is by following principle preparation, making has a negative spike to occur in the solenoid (6), and after decaying to zero point, occur a less positive spike of amplitude again and also no longer allow to occur waveform, if energy storage capacitor (6) is serially connected in the main circuit of solenoid (6), then current limiting element both can prepare by mentioned above principle, the integral area that also can make negative spike enough greatly and amplitude enough high, positive spike and waveform no longer appear after decaying to zero point;
G) described electromagnet is in the releasing operation process, no matter how energy storage capacitor (107) or (6) connect, sealing in a decompression device in its major loop makes the voltage that is full of on this capacitor plate be reduced to certain limit, just can cancel current limiting element (104), energy storage capacitor is discharged to solenoid is directly anti-through the separating brake electronic switch, the negative class pulse amplitude of its appearance is enough high, and decaying to has after zero point positive spike oscillatory occurences to occur not taking place.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94111987A CN1063572C (en) | 1994-11-19 | 1994-11-19 | Magnetism-holding electromagnet and fabrication method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94111987A CN1063572C (en) | 1994-11-19 | 1994-11-19 | Magnetism-holding electromagnet and fabrication method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1123453A true CN1123453A (en) | 1996-05-29 |
| CN1063572C CN1063572C (en) | 2001-03-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94111987A Expired - Fee Related CN1063572C (en) | 1994-11-19 | 1994-11-19 | Magnetism-holding electromagnet and fabrication method thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN1063572C (en) |
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| JPH0134326Y2 (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1989-10-19 | ||
| CN1043698C (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1999-06-16 | 张凡 | Magnetically held-on electromagnet |
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