CN112344885A - Step shaft flatness detection device and flatness detection method thereof - Google Patents
Step shaft flatness detection device and flatness detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112344885A CN112344885A CN202010988232.8A CN202010988232A CN112344885A CN 112344885 A CN112344885 A CN 112344885A CN 202010988232 A CN202010988232 A CN 202010988232A CN 112344885 A CN112344885 A CN 112344885A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a step shaft flatness detection device and a step shaft flatness detection method, belonging to the technical field of steel detection, and comprising a three-jaw chuck which is used for fixing the end part of a step shaft and driving the step shaft to rotate around a central axis and has a self-centering function, a movable spring bearing frame which is positioned below the other end of the step shaft and is used for supporting the step shaft, and a laser detector which is used for measuring the data on the outer surface of the step shaft; the laser detector can measure the distance between the shaft body and the detecting head without contacting the shaft body of the stepped shaft, and then performs data statistics and analysis, thereby detecting the shape and position errors of the stepped shaft. The invention adopts the laser detector to measure the flatness of the stepped shaft, breaks through the defects that the measuring method of the pressure head type sensor has pressure deformation and large error, can not realize automatic measurement of the stepped shaft, and can not ensure that the measuring points are on the same axis in the rotating process of the shaft body, has high detection speed and high precision, and can realize full-automatic measurement of the flatness of the stepped shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel detection, in particular to a step shaft flatness detection device and a step shaft flatness detection method.
Background
The actual production process of step shaft often can have the bending deformation of different degrees, the step shaft straightness has very big influence to its intensity and life-span, consequently need be to adjusting to reach the purpose that reduces the deformation, in order to provide the required data of production facility process adjustment, need measure the step shaft bending deformation degree, the straightness is measured promptly, and the step shaft central axis belongs to central element, can not the direct measurement, and its generating line then belongs to actual element, can the direct measurement.
At present, the device for measuring the straightness of the stepped shaft is less, for the stepped shaft spare of short, generally artifical direct measurement reachs, measuring speed is slow, the measurement accuracy is low, hardly realize the measurement of straightness to longer stepped shaft spare, current pressure head formula sensor measuring method has pressure deformation, the shortcoming that the error is big, and can't realize automatic measurement stepped shaft, the axis body rotates the measuring point that can't guarantee in-process on same axis, therefore, need design one kind can be fast, accurately measure the device of the straightness of stepped shaft, improve measuring accuracy and measuring speed, realize full automated measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a step shaft straightness detection device and a step shaft straightness detection method, wherein a laser detector is adopted to measure the distance between a shaft body and a detection head under the condition of not contacting the shaft body of the step shaft, then data statistics and analysis are carried out, further the shape and position errors of the step shaft are detected, and the step shaft straightness can be measured rapidly and accurately.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a step shaft flatness detection device comprises a three-jaw chuck, a movable spring bearing frame and a laser detector, wherein the three-jaw chuck is used for fixing the end part of a step shaft and driving the step shaft to rotate around a central axis and has a self-centering function; the laser detector can measure the distance between the shaft body and the detecting head without contacting the shaft body of the stepped shaft, and then performs data statistics and analysis, thereby detecting the shape and position errors of the stepped shaft.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the detection device also comprises a device platform and a controller; the three-jaw chuck is fixedly arranged on a mainframe box on the device platform in a connecting way with the synchronous belt pulley, the bearing seat and the chuck shaft; the motor is fixedly arranged in the mainframe box on the device platform; the motor is connected with a ball screw arranged on the device platform through a lead screw seat through a plum coupling; two sliding rails are arranged on two sides of the ball screw in parallel; the controller controls to realize full-automatic measurement.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the three-jaw chuck comprises a chuck body, movable jaws and a jaw driving mechanism, wherein the guide part of each movable jaw is provided with a thread which is meshed with a plane thread on the back of the disc-shaped bevel gear, and the plane thread drives the jaws to gather together or separate towards the center so as to clamp stepped shafts with different diameters.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the movable spring supporting frame is fixedly installed on the device platform and comprises an aluminum plate, a middle spring device, a pulley and a plurality of bolts, wherein the aluminum plate is fixedly installed on the device platform, the middle spring device can adjust the supporting height along with the change of the diameter of the stepped shaft, the pulley and the bolts are arranged at the top and can synchronously rotate along with the stepped shaft, and one end, placed on the pulley, of the stepped shaft is a free end.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the laser detector is fixedly installed on the magnetic base, the magnetic base is installed on a steel plate arranged on the ball screw and the two sliding rails, and the ball screw rotates under the driving of the motor to drive the laser detector to move linearly.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the centering accuracy of the three-jaw chuck is 0.05-0.15 mm.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the rotating precision of the three-grab chuck is 0.01 mm.
A method for detecting the flatness of a stepped shaft comprises the following steps:
s1: one end of the stepped shaft is fixed on the three-jaw chuck, the other end of the stepped shaft is placed on the movable spring support frame, and a generatrix outside the stepped shaft is measured on the horizontal plane of the axis through a laser detector and marked as the straightness of the generatrix A1;
s2: regarding the axis determined by the three-jaw chuck as an ideal central axis of the stepped shaft, equally dividing the circumference of the stepped shaft by 4 to obtain a bus A1 and a bus A3 which is symmetrical about the ideal central axis in a vertical plane;
s3: (A1-A3)/2 is a curve of the bending degree of the actual central axis in a vertical plane of the bus A1 and the bus A3;
s4: by analogy with the method, the bending degree curve of the actual central axis in the vertical plane of the bus A2 and the bus A4 can be measured, so that the bending degrees of the stepped shaft in 2 directions can be measured, and the straightness of the stepped shaft in different planes can be further obtained.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. the invention adopts the laser detector to measure the flatness of the stepped shaft, can detect the flatness of the stepped shaft at each position of the axial direction of the stepped shaft under the condition of not contacting the shaft body of the stepped shaft, can quickly and accurately measure the flatness of the stepped shaft, improves the measuring precision and the measuring speed and realizes full-automatic measurement. A
2. The invention overcomes the defects that the pressure head type sensor measuring method has pressure deformation, large error and incapability of realizing automatic measurement of the stepped shaft and ensuring that the measuring points are on the same axis in the rotating process of the shaft body.
3. The invention has simple structure, convenient operation, high measurement precision and high measurement speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a step axis flatness detecting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the three-jaw chuck of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the movable spring support of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the laser detector and magnetic base of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the slide rail of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the stepped shaft of the present invention.
The device comprises a motor 1, a synchronous belt wheel 2, a synchronous belt wheel 3, a bearing seat 4, a chuck shaft 5, a three-jaw chuck 6, a plum-blossom-shaped coupler 7, a laser detector 8, a magnetic seat 9 and a movable spring supporting frame.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a step shaft flatness detection device and a step shaft flatness detection method, which are researched and developed aiming at the problem that the flatness of a longer step shaft piece is difficult to realize, the existing pressure head type sensor measurement method has the defects of pressure deformation and large error, the automatic step shaft measurement cannot be realized, and the measurement point cannot be ensured to be on the same axis in the shaft body rotation process.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a step shaft flatness detecting device comprises a three-jaw chuck 5 which is used for fixing the end part of a step shaft and driving the step shaft to rotate around a central axis and has a self-centering function, a movable spring bearing frame 9 which is positioned below the other end of the step shaft and is used for supporting the step shaft, and a laser detector 7 which is used for measuring the outer surface data of the step shaft; the laser detector 7 can measure the distance between the shaft body and the probe without contacting the shaft body of the stepped shaft, and then perform data statistics and analysis, thereby detecting the shape and position errors of the stepped shaft.
The detection device also comprises a device platform and a controller; the three-jaw chuck 5, the synchronous belt pulley 2, the bearing seat 3 and the chuck shaft 4 are fixedly arranged on a mainframe box on the device platform; the motor 1 is fixedly arranged in a mainframe box on the device platform, and the motor 1 adopts an alternating current motor; the motor 1 is connected with a ball screw arranged on a device platform through a screw seat by a plum coupling 6; two sliding rails are arranged on two sides of the ball screw in parallel (as shown in fig. 5); the controller controls to realize full-automatic measurement.
Specifically, one end of a stepped shaft (as shown in fig. 6) is fixed by a three-jaw chuck 5, the three-jaw chuck 5 has a self-centering function, therefore, the axis determined by the three-jaw chuck 5 can be regarded as an ideal central axis of the stepped shaft, the chuck is driven by a motor, the other end of the stepped shaft is a free end, in order to reduce the influence of the gravity of the stepped shaft on the chuck and the stepped shaft, a movable spring bearing frame 9 is installed at the free end, a laser detector 7 is installed on a magnetic base 8, the magnetic base 8 is installed on a ball screw slide rail, the laser detector 7 is driven by a ball screw to advance, the rotation axis of the three-jaw chuck 5 and the horizontal line of a device platform, and the axis of the ball screw has high parallelism.
As shown in fig. 2, the three-jaw chuck 5 includes a chuck body, movable jaws, and a jaw driving mechanism, wherein the guide portion of the movable jaws is provided with threads to engage with planar threads on the back of the disc-shaped bevel gear, and the planar threads drive the jaws to be gathered or separated toward the center to clamp stepped shafts of different diameters.
As shown in fig. 3, the movable spring support 9 is fixedly mounted on the device platform, and includes an aluminum plate fixedly mounted on the device platform, a middle spring device capable of adjusting the support height along with the change of the diameter of the stepped shaft, a pulley arranged at the top and capable of synchronously rotating along with the stepped shaft, and a plurality of bolts, wherein one end of the stepped shaft, which is placed on the pulley, is a free end. The top pulley can synchronously rotate along with the stepped shaft, and the middle spring device can adjust the supporting height along with the change of the diameter of the stepped shaft.
As shown in fig. 4, the laser detector 7 is fixedly installed on the magnetic base 8, the magnetic base 8 is installed on a steel plate disposed on the ball screw and the two slide rails, and the ball screw is driven by the motor 1 to rotate to drive the laser detector 7 to move linearly.
The ball screw is a transmission element, the main function of the transmission element is to convert rotary motion into linear motion, the transmission element consists of a screw rod, a nut, a steel ball, a preforming piece, an inverter and a dust remover, a steel plate is arranged on the ball screw and two slide rails, a laser detector 7 supporting device (namely a magnetic base 8) is arranged on the steel plate, the two slide rails are arranged to support the magnetic base 8, the overall rigidity is high, the deformation is small, the ball screw drives the laser detector to move, and the stable operation of the laser detector can be ensured. The adopted laser detector 7 is electronic digital display, converts optical signals into electric signals and can display data on a digital display screen.
The centering accuracy of the three-jaw chuck 5 is 0.05-0.15 mm.
The three-jaw chuck 5 has a rotational accuracy of 0.01 mm. The synchronous pulley 2 is used for driving.
A method for detecting the flatness of a stepped shaft comprises the following steps:
s1: one end of the stepped shaft is fixed on the three-jaw chuck 5, the other end of the stepped shaft is placed on the movable spring supporting frame 9, and a bus outside the stepped shaft is measured on the horizontal plane of the axis through a laser detector 7 and marked as the straightness of a bus A1;
s2: regarding the axis determined by the three-jaw chuck 5 as an ideal central axis of the stepped shaft, equally dividing the circumference of the stepped shaft by 4 to obtain a bus A1 and a bus A3 which is symmetrical about the ideal central axis in a vertical plane;
s3: (A1-A3)/2 is a curve of the bending degree of the actual central axis in a vertical plane of the bus A1 and the bus A3;
s4: by analogy with the method, the bending degree curve of the actual central axis in the vertical plane of the bus A2 and the bus A4 can be measured, so that the bending degrees of the stepped shaft in 2 directions can be measured, and the straightness of the stepped shaft in different planes can be further obtained.
The measurement principle is as follows:
fix step shaft one end, the other end supports, measure the outside generating line of step shaft at the axis horizontal plane through laser detector 7, mark the straightness that is taken as generating line A1, then rotate 90 degrees the step shaft, measure the generating line that is adjacent in the horizontal plane with generating line A1 about the central axis, mark the straightness that is taken as generating line A2, measure A3 in proper order, measure A4 finally, because generating line A1 and generating line A3 are symmetrical about the ideal center axis in the vertical plane, namely A1 equals-A3, then the straightness that the actual center axis is in the vertical plane is: (A1-A3)/2.
The stepped shafts are arranged in cantilever beams, so that gravity existsInfluence, assuming that the degree of bending of the stepped shaft under the action of gravity is yg：
S1, measurement point of the bus A1: x (n) (n 1,2, 3.., n);
the actual value of the bus A1 is: y isA1＝yA1(n)(n＝1,2,3,...,n)；
The effect of gravity on busbar a1 at each measurement point: y isg1＝Yg1(n)(n＝1,2,3,...,n)；
The actual measured data should be: y is1＝YA1+Yg1；
S2, measurement point of the bus A3: x (n) (n 1,2, 3.., n);
the actual value of the bus A3 is: y isA3＝yA3(n)(n＝1,2,3,...,n)；
The effect of gravity on busbar a3 at each measurement point: y isg3＝Yg3(n)(n＝1,2,3,...,n)；
The actual measured data should be: y is3＝YA3+Yg3；
Straightness of the actual center axis in the vertical plane: p ═ Y1-Y3)/2；
Due to YA1＝-YA3 Yg1＝-Yg3So that P ═ YA1-YA3)/2；
Analyzing the device measurement data processing method:
the measuring method comprises the steps of equally dividing the circumference of the stepped shaft by 4, measuring a curve of the bending degree of a bus A1 and a bus A3 (A1-A3)/2 which is symmetrical about an ideal central axis in a vertical plane, wherein the curve is the curve of the bending degree of an actual central axis in the vertical plane where the bus A1 and the bus A3 are located, analogizing the method, measuring the curve of the bending degree of the actual central axis in the vertical plane where the bus A2 and the bus A4 are located, measuring the bending degrees of the stepped shaft in 2 directions, and further obtaining the straightness of the stepped shaft in different planes.
In summary, the invention adopts the laser detector to measure the flatness of the stepped shaft, can detect the flatness of the stepped shaft at each position in the axial direction without contacting the shaft body of the stepped shaft, can quickly and accurately measure the flatness of the stepped shaft, improves the measuring precision and the measuring speed, and can realize full-automatic measurement.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a flat straightness detection device of step shaft which characterized in that: the device comprises a three-jaw chuck (5) which is used for fixing the end part of a stepped shaft and driving the stepped shaft to rotate around a central axis and has a self-centering function, a movable spring bearing frame (9) which is positioned below the other end of the stepped shaft and used for supporting the stepped shaft, and a laser detector (7) which is used for measuring the data of the outer surface of the stepped shaft; the laser detector (7) can measure the distance between the shaft body and the detecting head without contacting the shaft body of the stepped shaft, and then performs data statistics and analysis, thereby detecting the shape and position errors of the stepped shaft.
2. The stepped shaft flatness detecting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the detection device also comprises a device platform and a controller; the three-jaw chuck (5), the synchronous belt pulley (2), the bearing seat (3) and the chuck shaft (4) are fixedly connected and arranged on a mainframe box on the device platform; the motor (1) is fixedly arranged in the mainframe box on the device platform; the motor (1) is connected with a ball screw arranged on a device platform through a screw seat through a plum coupling (6); two sliding rails are arranged on two sides of the ball screw in parallel; the controller controls to realize full-automatic measurement.
3. The stepped shaft flatness detecting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the three-jaw chuck (5) comprises a chuck body, movable jaws and a jaw driving mechanism, wherein the guide part of each movable jaw is provided with a thread which is meshed with a plane thread on the back of the disc-shaped bevel gear, and the plane thread drives the jaws to gather together or separate towards the center so as to clamp stepped shafts with different diameters.
4. The stepped shaft flatness detecting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the movable spring supporting frame (9) is fixedly installed on the device platform and comprises an aluminum plate, a middle spring device, a pulley and a plurality of bolts, wherein the aluminum plate is fixedly installed on the device platform, the middle spring device can adjust the supporting height along with the change of the diameter of the stepped shaft, the pulley is arranged at the top and can synchronously rotate along with the stepped shaft, and one end, placed on the pulley, of the stepped shaft is a free end.
5. The stepped shaft flatness detecting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: laser detector (7) fixed mounting is on magnetic force seat (8), and magnetic force seat (8) are installed and are set up on ball and two steel sheets on the slide rail, and ball rotates under the drive of motor (1) and drives laser detector (7) linear motion.
6. The stepped shaft flatness detecting apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the centering precision of the three-jaw chuck (5) is 0.05-0.15 mm.
7. The stepped shaft flatness detecting apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the rotating precision of the three-jaw chuck (5) is 0.01 mm.
8. A method for detecting the flatness of a stepped shaft is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: one end of the stepped shaft is fixed on the three-jaw chuck (5), the other end of the stepped shaft is placed on the movable spring supporting frame (9), and a generatrix outside the stepped shaft is measured on the horizontal plane of the axis through a laser detector (7) and marked as the straightness of the generatrix A1;
s2: regarding the axis determined by the three-jaw chuck (5) as an ideal central axis of the stepped shaft, equally dividing the circumference of the stepped shaft by 4 to obtain a bus A1 and a bus A3 which is symmetrical about the ideal central axis in a vertical plane;
s3: (A1-A3)/2 is a curve of the bending degree of the actual central axis in a vertical plane of the bus A1 and the bus A3;
s4: by analogy with the method, the bending degree curve of the actual central axis in the vertical plane of the bus A2 and the bus A4 can be measured, so that the bending degrees of the stepped shaft in 2 directions can be measured, and the straightness of the stepped shaft in different planes can be further obtained.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010988232.8A CN112344885A (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2020-09-18 | Step shaft flatness detection device and flatness detection method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010988232.8A CN112344885A (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2020-09-18 | Step shaft flatness detection device and flatness detection method thereof |
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| CN112344885A true CN112344885A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
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| CN202010988232.8A Pending CN112344885A (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2020-09-18 | Step shaft flatness detection device and flatness detection method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116538391A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-04 | 中铁一局集团第五工程有限公司 | Measuring device and method for high-speed railway tunnel inverted arch five-line upper wall |
| CN116592797A (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-08-15 | 南京弹簧有限公司 | Spring flatness detection device |
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| CN109827538A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-31 | 燕山大学 | A kind of bar straightness detection device and its straightness detection method |
| CN110203303A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-09-06 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Magnetic force drives trolley and rail survey unit and method for it certainly |
| CN211291369U (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-08-18 | 郑州市明锐电子科技有限公司 | Laser scanning long axis straightness detection device taking reference straight line as benchmark |
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| CN103868470A (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2014-06-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Curvature detection device and method for drill rod |
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| CN116538391A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-04 | 中铁一局集团第五工程有限公司 | Measuring device and method for high-speed railway tunnel inverted arch five-line upper wall |
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Application publication date: 20210209 |