CN112343677A - Energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage - Google Patents
Energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 R236fa Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention provides an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage, which comprises: the system comprises a water heat storage device (1), a water pump (3), a high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4), a throttling device (5), a compressor (8), a high-temperature heat pump condenser (9), a heat storage working medium pump (17), a high-temperature tank (18) and a low-temperature tank (19), wherein the heat supply sides of the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3) and the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a first loop; the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4), the compressor (8), the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser (9) and the throttling device (5) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a second loop. According to the energy storage system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, water energy storage and an external excess power supply can be converted into heat energy stored in the high-temperature tank through reverse organic Rankine cycle, the application range is wide, and the energy storage efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage.
Background
With the rapid development of the energy storage industry, the energy storage technology becomes a research hotspot, and the new technology is endless, but most of the new technology is difficult to realize large-scale application due to the limitation of economy and technology maturity. The most important energy storage technology at present is pumped storage, and the capacity occupation ratio is up to 98%. Although battery energy storage and compressed air energy storage have been developed rapidly and cost rapidly in recent years, and projects of ten megawatts to hundreds of megawatts are on the ground, many limitations still exist.
The lithium battery energy storage relies on the rapid development of the electric automobile power battery industry, the cost is greatly reduced under the promotion of excess capacity, but the comprehensive cost is still higher in the whole life due to the relatively short service life and the consideration of the treatment cost of the retired battery. Most importantly, the insufficient safety is always the biggest limiting factor, and fire accidents easily occur in the manufacturing process and the actual operation.
The compressed air energy storage has a plurality of technical routes, and the compressed air energy storage is mainly of an advanced adiabatic type and a cryogenic liquefaction type at present. The advanced heat insulation type uses heat storage to replace the traditional afterburning process of compressed air energy storage, does not consume fuel, improves the efficiency and the economy, but generally needs large underground caves for gas storage and is limited by the geographical environment. If a high-pressure gas cylinder is used for storing gas, the cost is too high, the energy storage density is low, and the application is limited. The cryogenic liquefied compressed air energy storage is to liquefy and store compressed air, solves the problem of geographical limitation or high cost of a high-pressure gas cylinder, but restricts the development of the technology because the system is complex, the technical difficulty is high, and the comprehensive cost is still high.
Pumped storage has many advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, fast response, etc., and is a very excellent energy storage technology, but some problems also exist. On one hand, the method is limited by geographical conditions, and particularly in areas with concentrated wind power and photovoltaic, water resources or terrains are often limited, and no suitable plant site exists. On the other hand, from the national scale, the excellent sites are gradually developed, the construction cost of the subsequent projects is continuously increased, meanwhile, in consideration of the continuous increase of the cost of removal, migration and environmental protection, the cost of water pumping and energy storage is gradually increased from the early 1000 + 2000 yuan/kW to 3000 + 4000 yuan/kW, the investment cost of the new project of 2018 is up to 6000 + 7000 yuan/kW, and the future is expected to continue to increase.
Although the prior art has various defects, the requirement of an electric power system on energy storage is very urgent, and more projects adopt lithium batteries with higher safety risks for energy storage. How to develop a new high-efficiency and safe energy storage technology becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an energy storage system based on high and low temperature heat storage and reverse organic rankine cycle electricity storage.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage comprises the following components: water heat storage device (1), water pump (3), high temperature heat pump evaporator (4), throttling arrangement (5), compressor (8), high temperature heat pump condenser (9), heat-retaining working medium pump (17), high temperature tank (18) and low temperature tank (19), wherein:
the heat supply sides of the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3) and the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4) are connected in series in sequence through pipelines to form a first loop;
the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4), the compressor (8), the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser (9) and the throttling device (5) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a second loop;
the high-temperature tank (18), the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser (9), the heat storage working medium pump (17) and the low-temperature tank (19) are communicated in sequence through pipelines.
Further, the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage further comprises a working medium pump (10), a turbine (11), an organic Rankine cycle condenser (14), a heat exchanger (15) and an organic Rankine cycle evaporator (16), wherein:
the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3) and the organic Rankine cycle condenser (14) are connected in series at the heat taking side in sequence through pipelines to form a third loop;
the heat supply side of the organic Rankine cycle condenser (14), the working medium pump (10), the heat taking side of the heat exchanger (15), the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator (16), the turbine (11) and the heat supply side of the heat exchanger (15) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a fourth loop;
the high-temperature tank (18), the heat storage working medium pump (17), the heat supply side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator (16) and the low-temperature tank (19) are communicated in sequence through pipelines.
Further, the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage further comprises a solar heat collector array (2), and the water heat storage device (1), the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4), the water pump (3) and the solar heat collector array (2) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a fifth loop.
Furthermore, the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3), the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle condenser (14) and the solar heat collector array (2) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a sixth loop.
Furthermore, the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3) and the solar heat collector array (2) are connected in series through pipelines in sequence to form a seventh loop.
Further, the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage further comprises an electric motor (6) for driving the compressor (8) to operate, and the electric motor (6) is electrically connected with an external power supply.
Further, the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage further comprises a generator (12), the turbine (11) drives the generator (12) to operate and generate electricity, and the generator (12) is electrically connected with a power utilization end.
Further, the working medium in the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4) and the fourth loop is one of n-pentane R601, isopentane R601a, R245ca, R245fa, n-butane, R236ea, R236fa, isobutane and ammonia.
Furthermore, the working medium in the high-temperature tank (18) and the low-temperature tank (19) is one of phase-change materials, heat conduction oil and molten salt.
Further, each pipeline is provided with a valve.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage, the water heat storage device is used for storing heat energy, and then the part of heat energy and external surplus electric energy are provided for the reverse organic Rankine cycle working process together, so that the surplus electric energy is efficiently stored in the high-temperature tank, meanwhile, renewable energy sources such as solar energy are utilized in the energy storage process, and clean energy storage is achieved; in addition, the energy storage system also has multiple working conditions, can realize energy storage and power generation, is suitable for various load conditions, and has wide application range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic system composition diagram of an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic rankine cycle electricity storage according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage under a first working condition according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage under a second working condition according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage under a third working condition according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage under a fourth working condition according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic rankine cycle electricity storage under a fifth operating condition according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
the system comprises a water heat storage device 1, a solar heat collector array 2, a water pump 3, a high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4, a throttling device 5, a motor 6, an external power supply 7, a compressor 8, a high-temperature heat pump condenser 9, a working medium pump 10, a turbine 11, a generator 12, a power utilization end 13, an organic Rankine cycle condenser 14, a heat regenerator 15, an organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16, a heat storage working medium pump 17, a high-temperature tank 18, a low-temperature tank 19 and a valve V.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic rankine cycle electricity storage in the present embodiment includes a water heat storage device 1, a water pump 3, a high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4, a throttling device 5, a compressor 8, a high-temperature heat pump condenser 9, a heat storage working medium pump 17, a high-temperature tank 18, and a low-temperature tank 19.
Wherein, the heat supply sides of the water heat storage device 1, the water pump 3 and the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 are connected in series in sequence through pipelines to form a first loop; the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4, the heat supply side of the compressor 8 and the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9 and the throttling device 5 are connected in series through pipelines in sequence to form a second loop; the high-temperature tank 18, the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9, the heat storage working medium pump 17 and the low-temperature tank 19 are communicated in sequence through pipelines.
In the first loop, high-temperature water on the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 flows into the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 under the driving of the water pump 3, and exchanges heat with low-temperature low-pressure working media on the heat taking side in the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4, the working media on the heat taking side absorb heat from a low-temperature low-pressure liquid state to boil and convert the heat into high-temperature low-pressure gas, and the high-temperature water releases most of the heat and then becomes low-temperature water to return to the water heat storage device 1 along a pipeline.
Because the density of water is reduced along with the rise of temperature when the temperature is higher than 4 ℃, the density of upper water is less than that of lower water, under the effect of density difference, the water in the water heat storage device 1 can generate heat stratification, the juncture of the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water becomes an inclined temperature layer, and because the heat conductivity coefficient of water is lower, no obvious heat convection exists in the water pool, therefore, the inclined temperature layer can separate the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water in the water heat storage device 1 to play a heat insulation role, so that the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water can exist in the water heat storage device 1 at the same time, namely, the high-temperature water is positioned on the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1, and the low-temperature water is positioned on the lower.
In the second loop, the working medium flowing into the heat-taking side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 absorbs the heat transferred by the high-temperature water and changes into high-temperature low-pressure gas, then flows into the compressor 8 to be compressed, the working medium is compressed from the high-temperature low-pressure gas into high-temperature high-pressure gas, the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the heat-supplying side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9 and exchanges heat with the heat-storage working medium of the heat-taking side in the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9, the high-temperature high-pressure gas releases most of the heat therein and is cooled into high-temperature low-pressure liquid or a mixture of the high-temperature low-pressure liquid and the high-temperature low-pressure gas, and then enters the throttling device 5, the throttling device 5 comprises throttling equipment such as but not limited to a throttling valve, an expansion valve, a capillary tube and the like, the working medium is changed into a low-temperature low-pressure liquid state again under low pressure (low temperature), and the throttling device 5 is an important part for maintaining the working medium in the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9 to be high-pressure and the working medium in the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 to be low-pressure. The working medium changed back to the initial state of the low-temperature low-pressure liquid state enters the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 again for the next circulation.
The heat storage working medium in the low-temperature tank 19 is continuously discharged under the action of the heat storage working medium pump 17, enters the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9 to obtain heat so as to increase the temperature of the high-temperature heat pump condenser, and then flows to the high-temperature tank 18 to be stored therein, so that the energy storage is realized.
In this embodiment, the compressor 8 is driven by the motor 6, the working power of the motor 6 is provided by the external power supply 7, and the external power supply 7 may be a renewable energy source on the primary side such as wind power, photovoltaic power, etc. to consume the electric energy thereof, or may be a power grid on the secondary side to store the surplus electric energy, thereby achieving the purpose of peak clipping and valley filling.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic rankine cycle electricity storage in this embodiment further includes a solar collector array 2, and the water heat storage device 1, the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4, the water pump 3, and the solar collector array 2 are sequentially connected in series through a pipeline to form a fifth loop.
In the fifth loop, high-temperature water on the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 enters the solar heat collector array 2 under the action of the water pump 3, the temperature of the high-temperature water is increased after the high-temperature water absorbs solar heat, and the high-temperature water flows into the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 to exchange heat with a low-temperature low-pressure working medium on the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator. Through the high-temperature water in the water heat storage device 1, the solar energy is used for supplementing heat, the storage power of the energy storage system can be improved, and the use amount of the high-temperature water on the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 can be saved.
As shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic rankine cycle electricity storage in the present embodiment further includes a working medium pump 10, a turbine 11, an organic rankine cycle condenser 14, a heat exchanger 15, and an organic rankine cycle evaporator 16.
Wherein, the water heat storage device 1, the water pump 3 and the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 14 are connected in series through pipelines in sequence to form a third loop; the heat supply side of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 14, the working medium pump 10, the heat taking side of the heat exchanger 15, the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16, the turbine 11 and the heat supply side of the heat exchanger 15 are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a fourth loop; the high-temperature tank 18, the heat storage working medium pump 17, the heat supply side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16 and the low-temperature tank 19 are communicated in sequence through pipelines.
Under the action of the heat storage working medium pump 17, the high-temperature energy storage working medium in the high-temperature tank 18 flows out and enters the heat supply side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16 to heat the low-temperature working medium at the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16, and then returns to the low-temperature tank 19 along a pipeline after most of heat is lost.
In the fourth loop, the low-temperature working medium on the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16 obtains heat transferred by the high-temperature energy storage working medium, then is heated and boiled, continuously absorbs heat until the low-temperature working medium reaches a saturated state or an overheated state, then expands in volume and flows into the turbine 11, the turbine 11 converts the heat energy in the working medium into mechanical energy, the turbine 11 is mechanically connected with the generator 12, the turbine 11 applies work to the generator 12, the generator 12 converts the mechanical energy into electric energy and transmits the electric energy to the electricity end 13 for use, the working medium still has high heat after flowing out from the turbine 11, when the working medium enters the heat supply side of the heat exchanger 15, part of the heat is transferred to the heat taking side of the heat exchanger 15 through heat transfer, then continuously flows into the heat supplying side of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 14, and the surplus heat is transferred to the heat taking side of the organic, at the moment, the heat released by the working medium is changed into liquid, the liquid working medium enters the working medium pump 10, is pressurized and then enters the heat taking side of the heat exchanger 15, is primarily heated through heat transfer and then flows into the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16 again for next cycle.
In the third loop, the low-temperature water in the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1 flows into the heat taking side of the organic rankine cycle condenser 14 under the action of the water pump 3, the heat provided by the heat supply side of the organic rankine cycle condenser 14 is taken away to become high-temperature water, and then the high-temperature water returns to the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 along the pipeline, and because the density of the high-temperature water entering the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 is lower than that of the low-temperature water in the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1, the water in a high-temperature state is stored in the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 under the action of the density difference.
According to the energy storage system of the embodiment, redundant energy can be conveniently and efficiently stored in the high-temperature tank 18, meanwhile, heat stored in the high-temperature tank 18 can be conveniently and efficiently generated through an organic Rankine cycle for users to use, and meanwhile, residual heat of the working medium after power generation is stored through the water heat storage device 1, so that efficient utilization is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the water thermal storage device 1, the water pump 3, the heat extraction side of the organic rankine cycle condenser 14, and the solar collector array 2 are connected in series in this order via pipes to form a sixth circuit.
In the sixth loop, the low-temperature water at the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1 flows into the heat taking side of the organic rankine cycle condenser 14 under the action of the water pump 3, the heat provided by the heat supply side of the organic rankine cycle condenser 14 is taken away and changed into high-temperature water, then the high-temperature water enters the solar heat collector array 2, the heat absorbed by solar energy is continuously heated, secondary heating is realized, and finally the high-temperature water returns to the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 along a pipeline, and because the density of the high-temperature water entering the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 is lower than that of the low-temperature water at the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1, the water in a high-temperature state is stored at the upper layer of the water heat storage. The solar heat collector array 2 can ensure that the water temperature on the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 is always at a higher temperature, so that the overall heat efficiency of the energy storage system is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, the water heat storage device 1, the water pump 3 and the solar heat collector array 2 are connected in series through pipes in sequence to form a seventh loop.
In the seventh loop, the low-temperature water in the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1 flows into the solar heat collector array 2 under the action of the water pump 3, the heat absorbed by the solar energy is heated, and then the low-temperature water returns to the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 along the pipeline, and because the density of the high-temperature water entering the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 is lower than that of the low-temperature water in the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1, the water in a high-temperature state is stored in the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 under the action of the density difference. The high-temperature water in the upper layer of the water thermal storage device 1 can be used as a heat source of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4, and the low-temperature water in the lower layer of the water thermal storage device 1 can be used as a cold source of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 14. The water heat storage technology adopted by the embodiment has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, quick response and the like.
Working media in the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 and the fourth loop in this embodiment may be high-temperature organic working media such as n-pentane R601, isopentane R601a, and R245ca, or high-temperature organic working media with similar physicochemical properties, or intermediate-temperature organic working media such as R245fa, n-butane, R236ea, R236fa, and isobutane, or intermediate-temperature organic working media with similar physicochemical properties, or inorganic working media such as ammonia in similar temperature regions. Specifically, the working mediums in the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 and the fourth loop in this embodiment may be one of n-pentane R601, isopentane R601a, R245ca, R245fa, n-butane, R236ea, R236fa, isobutane and ammonia, or two or more working mediums which are in a similar temperature region and can be mixed may be selected.
Further, the working medium in the high-temperature tank 18 and the low-temperature tank 19 in the embodiment is one of a phase-change material, heat conduction oil and molten salt, and the working medium has the advantages of high energy storage density and high energy storage efficiency.
Further, all be provided with valve V in each pipeline in this embodiment to conveniently through opening and closing of control different valve V, make different pipeline and equipment constitute different return circuits, thereby make energy storage system switch fast between the operating mode of difference, reach the effect of intelligence, flexibility, high efficiency, environmental protection.
The embodiment further divides the operation conditions of the energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage into the following five types.
The first working condition is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the first operating mode, i.e. the starting operating mode, uses the solar collector array 2 to store heat for the water heat storage device 1. Under the working condition, the initial water temperature in the water heat storage device 1 is about 20 ℃ at normal temperature, in the energy storage process, the solar heat collector array 2 absorbs solar heat, the normal-temperature water at the lower layer in the water heat storage device 1 is heated to a high-temperature region (70-95 ℃) by the solar heat collector array 2 under the action of the water pump 3, the temperature is raised and then returns to the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1, because the temperature of the upper layer is higher and the temperature of the lower layer is lower, the water in the water heat storage device 1 generates heat stratification under the action of density difference, and the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water can exist in the water heat storage device 1 at. After the whole energy storage system is built or shut down for a period of time, the energy storage system needs to operate the working condition first, and the water heat storage device 1 is used for carrying out initial heat storage.
The second working condition is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, the second operation mode, i.e., the electricity storage operation mode, stores the thermal energy in the water thermal storage device 1 and the external electric energy in the high-temperature tank 18 by the reverse organic rankine cycle. Under the working condition, the high-temperature water on the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 exchanges heat with the low-temperature low-pressure working medium in the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 under the action of the water pump 3, and the working medium absorbs heat from a low-temperature low-pressure liquid state, boils and is converted into high-temperature low-pressure gas. At the moment, an external power supply 7 is connected, the motor 6 is driven after the connection, so that the compressor 8 is driven, the gaseous working medium in a high-temperature and low-pressure state in the high-temperature heat pump is compressed, the working medium is changed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas state after the compression, then enters the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous working medium releases heat, the heat is transferred to the heat storage working medium, the heat storage working medium flows out of the low-temperature tank 19 under the action of the heat storage working medium pump 17, the temperature rises after passing through the high-temperature heat pump condenser 9, then the.
The third working condition is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, in the third operating mode, i.e., the electric storage operating mode with solar energy heat compensation, the thermal energy in the water heat storage device 1 and the external electric energy are stored in the high-temperature tank 18 through the reverse organic rankine cycle, and the solar heat collector array 2 also compensates the heat of the water in the water heat storage device 1. The working condition is suitable for the situation that the solar energy condition is good, under the working condition, the water temperature of the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 is in a high-temperature area (70-95 ℃), the temperature of the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 can be reduced along with time due to continuous heat dissipation, the lower-temperature area is still kept in a low-temperature area (10-40 ℃), at the moment, the high-temperature water of the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1 enters the solar heat collector array 2 under the action of the water pump 3, the temperature is increased after solar heat is absorbed, the high-temperature water enters the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 to exchange heat with a low-temperature low-pressure working. The solar heat collector array 2 is used for supplementing heat to the water heat storage device 1 and is used as a heat source of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator 4 in the electricity storage process, so that the stored electric energy power can be increased, and the using amount of upper-layer water of the water heat storage device 1 can be saved.
The fourth working condition is as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, the fourth operating condition, namely the discharging operating condition with solar energy heat compensation, is to generate the heat energy stored in the high-temperature tank 18 for the user through the organic rankine cycle. The working condition is suitable for the condition of better solar energy, under the working condition, the high-temperature working medium in the high-temperature tank 18 flows into the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16 under the action of the heat storage working medium pump 17, heats the low-temperature low-pressure working medium in the organic Rankine cycle evaporator, and then returns to the low-temperature tank 19. The low-temperature low-pressure working medium continuously absorbs heat after being heated and boiled until reaching a saturated state or an overheated state, the volume of the low-temperature low-pressure working medium expands to push the turbine 11 to do work on the generator 12, the generator 12 converts mechanical energy into electric energy to realize power generation, the electric energy is supplied to an electric user for use, low-temperature water on the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1 exchanges heat with a gaseous working medium in the organic Rankine cycle condenser 14 under the action of the water pump 3 to be heated to a high-temperature region, then enters the solar heat collector array 2 to absorb heat of solar energy, is continuously heated and then returns to the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1, so that residual heat after power generation is stored, the water temperature on the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1.
The fifth working condition is as follows:
as shown in fig. 6, in the fifth operating mode, i.e. the discharging operating mode without solar energy heat compensation, the heat energy stored in the high-temperature tank 18 is used for users through organic rankine cycle power generation. This operating mode is applicable to under the not good condition of solar energy condition. Under the working condition, the high-temperature working medium in the high-temperature tank 18 flows into the organic Rankine cycle evaporator 16 under the action of the heat storage working medium pump 17, heats the low-temperature and low-pressure working medium in the organic Rankine cycle evaporator, and then returns to the low-temperature tank 19. The low-temperature low-pressure working medium continuously absorbs heat after being heated and boiled until reaching a saturated state or an overheated state, the volume of the low-temperature low-pressure working medium expands to push the turbine 11 to do work on the generator 12, the generator 12 converts mechanical energy into electric energy to realize power generation, the electric energy is supplied to an electric user for use, and low-temperature water on the lower layer of the water heat storage device 1 exchanges heat with a gaseous working medium in the organic Rankine cycle condenser 14 under the action of the water pump 3 to be heated to a high-temperature region and then returns to the upper layer of the water heat storage device 1, so that residual.
As mentioned above, the five operating conditions can be controlled by opening and closing different valves V, so that different pipelines and devices form different loops, and the energy storage system can be rapidly switched between the five operating conditions.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage, comprising: water heat storage device (1), water pump (3), high temperature heat pump evaporator (4), throttling arrangement (5), compressor (8), high temperature heat pump condenser (9), heat-retaining working medium pump (17), high temperature tank (18) and low temperature tank (19), wherein:
the heat supply sides of the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3) and the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4) are connected in series in sequence through pipelines to form a first loop;
the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4), the compressor (8), the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser (9) and the throttling device (5) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a second loop;
the high-temperature tank (18), the heat taking side of the high-temperature heat pump condenser (9), the heat storage working medium pump (17) and the low-temperature tank (19) are communicated in sequence through pipelines.
2. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage according to claim 1, further comprising a working medium pump (10), a turbine (11), an organic Rankine cycle condenser (14), a heat exchanger (15) and an organic Rankine cycle evaporator (16), wherein:
the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3) and the organic Rankine cycle condenser (14) are connected in series at the heat taking side in sequence through pipelines to form a third loop;
the heat supply side of the organic Rankine cycle condenser (14), the working medium pump (10), the heat taking side of the heat exchanger (15), the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator (16), the turbine (11) and the heat supply side of the heat exchanger (15) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a fourth loop;
the high-temperature tank (18), the heat storage working medium pump (17), the heat supply side of the organic Rankine cycle evaporator (16) and the low-temperature tank (19) are communicated in sequence through pipelines.
3. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage according to claim 1, further comprising a solar heat collector array (2), wherein the water heat storage device (1), the heat supply side of the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4), the water pump (3) and the solar heat collector array (2) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a fifth loop.
4. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage according to claim 3, wherein the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3), the heat taking side of the organic Rankine cycle condenser (14) and the solar heat collector array (2) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a sixth loop.
5. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage according to claim 3, wherein the water heat storage device (1), the water pump (3) and the solar heat collector array (2) are sequentially connected in series through pipelines to form a seventh loop.
6. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) electricity storage according to claim 1, further comprising an electric motor (6) for driving the compressor (8) to operate, wherein the electric motor (6) is electrically connected with an external power supply.
7. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage is characterized by further comprising an electric generator (12), wherein the turbine (11) drives the electric generator (12) to operate and generate electricity, and the electric generator (12) is electrically connected with a power utilization end.
8. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage according to claim 2, wherein the working medium in the high-temperature heat pump evaporator (4) and the fourth loop is one of n-pentane R601, isopentane R601a, R245ca, R245fa, n-butane, R236ea, R236fa, isobutane and ammonia.
9. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage according to claim 1, wherein the working medium in the high-temperature tank (18) and the low-temperature tank (19) is one of a phase change material, heat conduction oil and molten salt.
10. The energy storage system based on high-low temperature heat storage and reverse organic Rankine cycle electricity storage according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein a valve is arranged in each pipeline.
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