CN112343669A - Cogeneration unit monitoring device suitable for butterfly valve to control steam extraction pressure - Google Patents
Cogeneration unit monitoring device suitable for butterfly valve to control steam extraction pressure Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/003—Arrangements for measuring or testing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
- F01K17/025—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic in combination with at least one gas turbine, e.g. a combustion gas turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
- F22G5/12—Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays
- F22G5/123—Water injection apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D1/00—Steam central heating systems
- F24D1/06—Steam central heating systems operating with superheated steam
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/10—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for a butterfly valve to control steam extraction pressure, which comprises a communicating pipe butterfly valve, a temperature measuring device, a low-pressure cylinder differential expansion device, a low-pressure cylinder water spraying temperature reducing device, a rotating shaft vibration measuring device, a condenser vacuum measuring device, a data acquisition and control device, a communicating pipe steam extraction pressure measuring device, an adjusting valve, an isolating valve and a check valve; the temperature measuring device comprises a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device and an intermediate-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device. The embodiment of the invention realizes the monitoring and control of the heat supply steam turbine body in a multidimensional and omnibearing way, greatly reduces the damage risk of the equipment and prolongs the service life of the equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat supply and power generation and control and analysis thereof, in particular to a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit, which is suitable for a butterfly valve to control steam extraction pressure.
Background
In order to respond to the requirements of national energy-saving and environment-friendly policies, industrial small boilers are gradually eliminated, peripheral condensing type generator sets are replaced by the industrial small boilers to supply heat and transform, and central heat supply for heat-consuming enterprises is realized by extracting steam from a steam system of the generator sets. In order to fully improve the energy utilization efficiency of the condensing type unit, for a hot user enterprise with the steam supply pressure grade of 0.5-0.8 MPa, a heat supply transformation mode of extracting steam from a steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder and low pressure cylinder communicating pipe is adopted for the generator set, the steam flow of the steam turbine needs to be increased to improve the steam supply pressure, the power of the generator set is increased after the steam supply pressure is improved, and the heat supply of the generator set is limited by the power. In order to achieve real-time flexible regulation and control of steam supply pressure, a technical measure of installing a butterfly valve behind a steam extraction port of a communication pipe between an intermediate pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder is adopted, but the measure has the risk of causing low steam flow of the low pressure cylinder to cause overtemperature damage of a non-stage blade.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit, which is suitable for controlling steam extraction pressure by a butterfly valve, and the monitoring and control of a heat supply steam turbine body can greatly reduce the damage risk of equipment and prolong the service life of the equipment.
A monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for controlling steam extraction pressure by a butterfly valve comprises a communicating pipe butterfly valve, a temperature measuring device, a low-pressure cylinder differential expansion device, a low-pressure cylinder water spraying temperature reducing device, a rotating shaft vibration measuring device, a condenser vacuum measuring device, a data acquisition and control device, a communicating pipe steam extraction pressure measuring device, a regulating valve, an isolating valve and a check valve.
The temperature measuring device comprises a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device and an intermediate-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device; the communicating pipe butterfly valve is arranged on the communicating pipe between the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder; the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device is arranged in a low-pressure cylinder final-stage blade chamber; the low-pressure cylinder differential expansion device is arranged between the low-pressure cylinder and the generator and is close to the low-pressure cylinder; the low-pressure cylinder water spraying temperature reducing device is arranged in a steam chamber of a rear cavity of a last-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder; the rotating shaft vibration measuring devices are arranged on two sides of the low-pressure cylinder; a sampling pipe of the condenser vacuum measuring device is arranged at the throat part of a steam inlet of the condenser; the middle pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device is arranged on the communicating pipe in front of the communicating pipe butterfly valve; the data acquisition and control device is connected with the measuring device, the regulating valve and the communicating pipe butterfly valve through signal lines; the generator is connected with the low pressure cylinder, the intermediate pressure cylinder and the high pressure cylinder through pipelines; the other steam port of the low pressure cylinder is connected with the other steam port of the middle pressure cylinder through a control communicating pipe provided with a communicating pipe butterfly valve for supplying steam to a steam supply pipeline; the steam supply pipeline is provided with a steam supply pipe isolation valve, a steam supply pipe check valve and a steam supply pipe regulating valve; the condenser is connected with the low-pressure cylinder.
The differential expansion device of the low pressure cylinder comprises a differential expansion bracket, a differential expansion measuring device and a rotor cam, wherein the differential expansion bracket is fixed on the low pressure cylinder, the differential expansion measuring device is arranged on the differential expansion bracket, and the rotor cam is fixed on a steam turbine rotor; the low differential expansion measuring device is a differential expansion monitor.
The rotating shaft vibration measuring device is fixed on the bearing box through a vibration bracket; a bearing bush cover vibration measuring device for measuring bearing vibration is arranged on a bearing for supporting a steam turbine rotor; the rotating shaft vibration measuring device is a vibration sensor; the bearing bush cover vibration measuring device is a BENTELY bush vibration probe.
The condenser vacuum value measured by the condenser vacuum measuring device is subjected to the formula provided by the invention to calculate the saturation temperature under the corresponding vacuum absolute pressure; the formula is as follows:
Tsaturation of＝f(P)
Wherein, f (P) ═ A (10) + D- ((A (10) + D)2-4×(A(9)+A(10)×D))0.5)/2-273.15，
D＝2×G/(-F-(F2-4×E×G)0.5)，
E＝M2+A(3)×M+A(6)，
F＝A(1)×M2+A(4)×M+A(7)，
G＝A(2)×M2+A(5)×M+A(8)，
M＝(P)0.25
In the formula, TSaturation ofThe condenser vacuum corresponds to the saturation temperature, and P is the absolute value of the condenser vacuum pressure.
The temperature measuring device adopts an E-type thermocouple.
The communicating pipe steam extraction pressure measuring device adopts an EJA or Rosemoun series pressure transmitter.
The steam extraction isolating valve is a corrugated pipe stop valve.
The data acquisition and control device is an OVATION decentralized control system.
The regulating valve is a pneumatic regulating valve or an electric regulating valve.
The check valve is a stainless steel horizontal check valve.
The embodiment of the invention provides a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for controlling steam extraction pressure by a butterfly valve, which realizes monitoring and control of a heat supply turbine body in a multidimensional and omnibearing way by an online monitoring method for monitoring the steam extraction temperature of a medium pressure cylinder, the steam extraction temperature of a low pressure cylinder, the expansion difference of the low pressure cylinder, the shaft vibration of a turbine rotor, the vibration of a bearing bush cover and the saturation temperature under the steam extraction pressure of a condenser, greatly reduces the damage risk of equipment, prolongs the service life of the equipment, simultaneously gives full play to the flexibility of heat supply and electric power regulation of a heat supply unit, gives full play to the performance of participating in valley filling and peak regulation of a power grid of the power supply unit, and improves the adaptability of the heat supply unit to the real-time change of. The energy is fully utilized, the enterprise cost is reduced, and the effects of energy conservation, efficiency improvement and income creation are realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit adapted to control extraction steam pressure with a butterfly valve.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating shaft vibration measuring device of a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for controlling steam extraction pressure by a butterfly valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for controlling extraction steam pressure by a butterfly valve.
As shown in figure 1, the monitoring device for the cogeneration unit suitable for controlling the steam extraction pressure by the butterfly valve comprises a communicating pipe butterfly valve (1), low-pressure cylinder steam extraction temperature measuring devices (7 and 28), a low-pressure cylinder differential expansion device (consisting of 8, 9 and 12), low-pressure cylinder water spray temperature reducing devices (11 and 27), rotating shaft vibration measuring devices (10 and 29), a condenser vacuum measuring device (13), a medium-pressure cylinder steam extraction temperature measuring device (32), a data acquisition and control device (21), a communicating pipe steam extraction pressure measuring device (31), a regulating valve, an isolating valve, a check valve and a pipeline.
The communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is arranged on a communicating pipe (30) between the intermediate pressure cylinder (26) and the low pressure cylinder (6), and the opening degree of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) can control the steam flow flowing into the low pressure cylinder (6) in the communicating pipe (30); when the opening of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is closed, the steam amount behind the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is reduced, the display value of a steam extraction pressure measuring device (31) of the communicating pipe in front of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is increased, and the steam supply capacity to a heat user is improved through a steam supply pipeline (5) after passing through a steam supply pipe isolation valve (2), a steam supply pipe check valve (3) and a steam supply pipe regulating valve (4); when the opening degree is large, the situation is opposite; when the opening of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is further closed, the flow of the steam flowing through the low-pressure cylinder is insufficient, and the last-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder is not cooled by sufficient steam and is damaged by overtemperature; similarly, when the opening degrees of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) and the steam supply pipe regulating valve (4) are too small, the through-flow steam flow of the intermediate pressure cylinder is insufficient, so that the final stage blade of the intermediate pressure cylinder is not cooled by sufficient steam and is damaged by overtemperature; the steam temperature of the last stage blade chamber of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (26) and the low pressure cylinder (6) rises, the vibration of adjacent bearings is increased, the expansion difference of the low pressure cylinder exceeds the limit and other abnormal phenomena appear in the operation, and the safe operation of the unit is endangered.
The low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device (7, 28) is arranged in a low-pressure cylinder final stage blade cavity and used for monitoring the steam temperature of the low-pressure cylinder final stage blade cavity and preventing the low-pressure cylinder final stage blade from being damaged due to overtemperature.
The low-pressure cylinder differential expansion device (composed of 8, 9 and 12) is arranged between the low-pressure cylinder (6) and the generator (33), is close to the low-pressure cylinder (6) and is composed of a differential expansion support (8), a differential expansion measuring device (9) and a rotor cam (12), the differential expansion support (8) is fixed on the low-pressure cylinder, the differential expansion measuring device (9) is arranged on the differential expansion support (8), and the rotor cam (12) is fixed on a turbine rotor.
The low-pressure cylinder water spraying temperature reducing devices (11, 27) are arranged in a steam chamber of a rear cavity of a last-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder (6); when the data acquisition and control device (21) monitors that the display values of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring devices (7 and 28) exceed the limit, the communication pipe butterfly valve (1) is fully opened or is jammed and cannot be normally opened, and the communication pipe butterfly valve is used as a protective barrier when the last-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder is overtemperature.
Cooling water of the low-pressure cylinder water spraying temperature reducing devices (11, 27) comes from a condensed water main pipe (17) at the outlet of a condensed water pump (16), and condensed water is obtained by punching and connecting pipe sections behind a condensed water check valve (18); when the last-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder is overtemperature and requires water spraying and temperature reduction, the condensate isolation valve (22) is fully opened, and after the condensate adjusting valve (23) is opened, the condensate sprays water to the steam chamber of the last-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder through the water spraying and temperature reduction pipeline (24) for cooling.
The condensed water in the condensed water main pipe (17) is used for treating the condensed water in a condenser (19); the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder is cooled by circulating water and then condensed to form condensed water, the circulating water flows into a condenser through a circulating water inlet pipe (15) and flows out through a circulating water outlet pipe (14) after being subjected to water measurement, and the heat released in the exhaust steam condensation process of the low-pressure cylinder is taken away; the non-condensing gas in the condenser (19) is pumped out by a condenser vacuum pump (20).
The rotating shaft vibration measuring devices (10 and 29) are arranged on two sides of the low-pressure cylinder (6), and the rotating shaft vibration measuring device (39) is fixed on the bearing box (36) through the vibration support (34); a bearing bush cover vibration measuring device (35) for measuring the vibration of the bearing is arranged on the bearing (37) for supporting the steam turbine rotor (38); through vibration monitoring to low pressure cylinder (6) both sides, realize the effective protection to the steam turbine body.
A sampling pipe of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust pressure measuring device (13) is arranged at the throat part of a steam inlet of the condenser (19) to realize the measurement of the vacuum value of a steam chamber of the condenser; the condenser vacuum value is calculated by the formula provided by the invention to correspond to the saturation temperature under the vacuum absolute pressure, and the saturation temperature is compared with the exhaust temperature difference of the low-pressure cylinder to judge whether the non-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder (6) has the problem of insufficient through-flow cooling steam quantity; the formula is as follows:
Tsaturation of＝f(P)
Wherein, f (P) ═ A (10) + D- ((A (10) + D)2-4×(A(9)+A(10)×D))0.5)/2-273.15，
D＝2×G/(-F-(F2-4×E×G)0.5)，
E＝M2+A(3)×M+A(6)，
F＝A(1)×M2+A(4)×M+A(7)，
G＝A(2)×M2+A(5)×M+A(8)，
M＝(P)0.25
In the formula, TSaturation ofP is the absolute value of condenser vacuum pressure, a (1) ═ 1167.0521452767, a (2) — 724213.16703206, a (3) — 17.073846840092, a (4) — 12020.82470247, a (5) — 3232555.0322333, a (6) — 14.91510561353, a (7) — 4823.2657361591,A(8)＝405113.40542057，A(9)＝-0.23855557567849，A(10)＝65017534844798。
the exhaust steam temperature measuring device (32) of the intermediate pressure cylinder is arranged on a communicating pipe (30) in front of a communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) and used for monitoring the steam temperature of a chamber of a last stage blade of the intermediate pressure cylinder and preventing the last stage blade of the low pressure cylinder from being damaged due to overtemperature.
The data acquisition and control device (21) is connected with measuring devices such as temperature (7, 28, 32), pressure (13, 31), vibration (10, 29), differential expansion (9) and the like through signal lines, so that the online monitoring of the unit operation data is realized; the signal line is connected with the regulating valves (4, 22) and the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) to realize the on-off control and regulating functions of the related valves.
The steam-extraction pressure measuring device (31) of the communicating pipe is arranged on the communicating pipe (30) at the upstream of the butterfly valve (1) of the communicating pipe and used for monitoring whether the steam-supply pressure meets the steam-supply pressure parameter requirement of a heat user;
the temperature measuring devices (7, 28 and 32) are E-type thermocouples, and the pressure measuring devices (13 and 31) adopt EJA or Rosemoun series pressure transmitters to respectively realize the conversion of temperature and pressure signals into electric signals.
The data acquisition and control device (21) is used for converting temperature, pressure, vibration, valve opening and other electrical signals into digital quantities after being accessed through signal lines, so that the calculation and control functions are realized.
The steam extraction isolation valves (2 and 22) are bellows stop valves.
The data acquisition and control device (21) is an OVATION decentralized control system.
The regulating valves (4, 23) are pneumatic regulating valves or electric regulating valves.
The check valves (3, 18) are stainless steel horizontal check valves.
The differential expansion measuring device (9) is a BENTELY differential expansion monitor.
The rotating shaft vibration measuring device (39) is a BENTELY vibration sensor.
The bearing bush cover vibration measuring device (35) is a BENTELY tile vibration probe.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rotating shaft vibration measuring device of a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for controlling extraction steam pressure by a butterfly valve.
As shown in fig. 2, the rotating shaft vibration measuring devices (10, 29) are composed of a vibration bracket (34), a bearing bush cover vibration measuring device (35), a bearing housing (36), a bearing (37), a turbine rotor (38), and a rotating shaft vibration measuring device (39).
The embodiment is a 300MW single-extraction heat supply unit, and the steam turbine is a subcritical, once intermediate reheating, two-cylinder two-steam-exhaust and condensing steam turbine, and the model is as follows: n300-16.7/538/538-9; the main design parameters of the unit are shown in table 1 below, and all references to pressure (or vacuum) are absolute pressures. The steam supply pressure required by the heat utilization enterprises is 0.8 MPa. The steam is extracted from an opening of a low-medium pressure cylinder communicating pipe (30) for external heat supply steam, a communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is arranged behind the steam extraction opening, the steam pressure in front of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) can be controlled by the opening degree of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1), when the opening degree of the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is closed, the display value of a communicating pipe steam extraction pressure measuring device (31) is increased, the steam supply capacity of a heat user is improved through a steam supply pipeline (5) after passing through a steam supply pipe isolation valve (2), a steam supply pipe check valve (3) and a steam supply pipe adjusting valve (5), and the steam quantity behind the communicating pipe butterfly valve (1) is reduced; when the opening degree is large, the situation is opposite.
TABLE 1 Main design parameters of the unit
The unit operation mode, the heat supply process and the monitoring control method comprise the following steps:
when the electric power of the generator set is 283MW, the display value of the through pipe steam extraction pressure measuring device (31) is 0.83MPa, the opening of a butterfly valve is 36 percent, and the steam of the middle and low pressure cylinder communicating pipe meets the steam supply requirement.
Because the load is required to be adjusted by the power grid, the electric power of the generator needs to be reduced gradually, the steam extraction pressure of the intermediate and low pressure cylinder communicating pipe is maintained at 0.80MPa, and measures of gradually closing the opening of the small butterfly valve till the opening of the butterfly valve (1) of the communicating pipe are taken. When the electric power of the generator is reduced to 220MW and the opening of the butterfly valve is reduced to 25.5%, the exhaust steam temperature of the intermediate pressure cylinder is gradually increased from 330.1 ℃ to 352.8 ℃ in the running process, and the trend of continuous increase is generated, which exceeds the design requirement of 350 ℃; meanwhile, the expansion difference of the low-pressure cylinder is gradually increased from 5.67mm to 8.50mm, the running condition of the unit is unstable, and an alarm signal is sent to prompt an operator to adjust the running condition. Therefore, when the opening of the butterfly valve is opened to 27.3%, the steam through flow of the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder is increased, when the power of the generator is 230MW, the operation parameters return to the normal operation area, and the unit operates normally. The unit operation condition monitoring data are shown in table 2. The related protection fixed values of the invention are shown in table 3, and the related operations of alarming and shutdown protection are carried out according to the protection fixed values in table 3.
TABLE 2 monitoring data Table
TABLE 3 protection constant value table
Condenser vacuum corresponding saturation temperature T in Table 2Saturation ofThe method is obtained by calculation according to the measured value of the condenser vacuum P, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Tsaturation of＝f(P)
Wherein, f (P) ═ A (10) + D- ((A (10) + D)2-4×(A(9)+A(10)×D))0.5)/2-273.15，
D＝2×G/(-F-(F2-4×E×G)0.5)，
E＝M2+A(3)×M+A(6)，
F＝A(1)×M2+A(4)×M+A(7)，
G＝A(2)×M2+A(5)×M+A(8)，
M＝(P)0.25；
Where a (1) ═ 1167.0521452767, a (2) ═ 724213.16703206, a (3) ═ 17.073846940092, a (4) ═ 12020.82470247, a (5) ═ 3232555.0322333, a (6) ═ 14.91510861353, a (7) ═ 4823.2657361591, a (8) ═ 405113.40542057, a (9) ═ 0.23855557567849, and a (10) ═ 650.17534844798.
The embodiment of the invention provides a monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for controlling steam extraction pressure by a butterfly valve, which realizes monitoring and control of a heat supply turbine body in a multidimensional and omnibearing way by an online monitoring method for monitoring the steam extraction temperature of a medium pressure cylinder, the steam extraction temperature of a low pressure cylinder, the expansion difference of the low pressure cylinder, the shaft vibration of a turbine rotor, the vibration of a bearing bush cover and the saturation temperature under the steam extraction pressure of a condenser, greatly reduces the damage risk of equipment, prolongs the service life of the equipment, simultaneously gives full play to the flexibility of heat supply and electric power regulation of a heat supply unit, gives full play to the performance of participating in valley filling and peak regulation of a power grid of the power supply unit, and improves the adaptability of the heat supply unit to the real-time change of. The energy is fully utilized, the enterprise cost is reduced, and the effects of energy conservation, efficiency improvement and income creation are realized.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic or optical disk, or the like.
In addition, the monitoring device of the cogeneration unit suitable for controlling the extraction pressure by the butterfly valve according to the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, and a specific embodiment is adopted herein to explain the principle and the implementation of the present invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A monitoring device of a cogeneration unit suitable for a butterfly valve to control steam extraction pressure is characterized by comprising a communicating pipe butterfly valve, a temperature measuring device, a low-pressure cylinder differential expansion device, a low-pressure cylinder water spraying temperature reduction device, a rotating shaft vibration measuring device, a condenser vacuum measuring device, a data acquisition and control device, a communicating pipe steam extraction pressure measuring device, a regulating valve, an isolation valve and a check valve;
the temperature measuring device comprises a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device and an intermediate-pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device;
a first steam outlet of the boiler is connected with a first steam inlet of a high-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, a second steam outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected with a second steam inlet of the boiler through a pipeline, the second steam outlet of the boiler is connected with a first steam outlet of a medium-pressure cylinder through a pipeline, the second steam outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder is connected with the first steam inlet of a low-pressure cylinder through a communicating pipe, the third steam inlet and the fourth steam inlet of the low-pressure cylinder are respectively connected with a first steam inlet and a second steam inlet of a condenser, the steam outlet of the condenser is connected with the first steam inlet of the boiler through a condensate water mother pipe, and the communicating pipe is connected with a steam;
the communicating pipe butterfly valve is arranged on the communicating pipe between the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder;
the measuring end of the low-pressure cylinder exhaust temperature measuring device is arranged in a low-pressure cylinder last-stage blade cavity;
the low-pressure cylinder differential expansion device is arranged between the low-pressure cylinder and the generator and is close to the low-pressure cylinder;
the low-pressure cylinder water spraying temperature reducing device is arranged in a steam chamber of a rear cavity of a last-stage blade of the low-pressure cylinder;
the rotating shaft vibration measuring devices are arranged on two sides of the low-pressure cylinder;
a sampling pipe of the condenser vacuum measuring device is arranged at the throat part of a steam inlet of the condenser;
the measuring end of the medium pressure cylinder exhaust steam temperature measuring device is arranged on the communicating pipe in front of the butterfly valve of the communicating pipe;
the data acquisition and control device is connected with the measuring device, the regulating valve and the communicating pipe butterfly valve through electric signals;
the generator is connected with the low pressure cylinder, the intermediate pressure cylinder and the high pressure cylinder through a concentric rotating shaft.
2. The monitoring device of a cogeneration unit according to claim 1, wherein said low pressure cylinder differential expansion device comprises:
the differential expansion device of the low pressure cylinder comprises a differential expansion bracket, a differential expansion measuring device and a rotor cam, wherein the differential expansion bracket is fixed on the low pressure cylinder, the differential expansion measuring device is arranged on the differential expansion bracket, and the rotor cam is fixed on a steam turbine rotor;
the low differential expansion measuring device is a differential expansion monitor.
3. The monitoring device of a cogeneration unit according to claim 1, wherein said shaft vibration measuring device comprises:
the rotating shaft vibration measuring device is fixed on the bearing box through a vibration bracket;
a bearing bush cover vibration measuring device for measuring bearing vibration is arranged on a bearing for supporting a steam turbine rotor;
the rotating shaft vibration measuring device is a vibration sensor;
the bearing bush cover vibration measuring device is a BENTELY bush vibration probe.
4. The monitoring device of a cogeneration unit according to claim 1, wherein said condenser vacuum measuring device comprises:
the measured condenser vacuum value is calculated out the saturation temperature under the corresponding vacuum absolute pressure through the formula provided by the invention;
the formula is as follows:
Tsaturation of＝f(P)
Wherein, f (P) ═ A (10) + D- ((A (10) + D)2-4×(A(9)+A(10)×D))0.5)/2-273.15，
D＝2×G/(-F-(F2-4×E×G)0.5)，
E＝M2+A(3)×M+A(6)，
F＝A(1)×M2+A(4)×M+A(7)，
G＝A(2)×M2+A(5)×M+A(8)，
M＝(P)0.25
In the formula, TSaturation ofThe condenser vacuum corresponds to the saturation temperature, and P is the absolute value of the condenser vacuum pressure.
5. Cogeneration unit monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein said temperature measuring device employs a type E thermocouple.
6. The monitoring device of a cogeneration unit according to claim 1, wherein said steam extraction pressure measuring device of the communication pipe employs an EJA or rosemount series pressure transmitter.
7. The cogeneration unit monitoring device of claim 1, wherein said steam extraction isolation valve is a bellows shut-off valve.
8. The monitoring device of a cogeneration unit according to claim 1, wherein said data acquisition and control device is an OVATION decentralized control system.
9. The monitoring device of a cogeneration unit according to claim 1, wherein said regulating valve is a pneumatic regulating valve or an electric regulating valve.
10. The monitoring device of a cogeneration unit of claim 1, wherein said check valve is a stainless steel cross check valve.
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