CN1123416A - Distance relay with load encroachment protection for use with power transmission lines - Google Patents
Distance relay with load encroachment protection for use with power transmission lines Download PDFInfo
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- CN1123416A CN1123416A CN 94118711 CN94118711A CN1123416A CN 1123416 A CN1123416 A CN 1123416A CN 94118711 CN94118711 CN 94118711 CN 94118711 A CN94118711 A CN 94118711A CN 1123416 A CN1123416 A CN 1123416A
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Abstract
The fault determinationd evice has relative ground distance elements AG, BG and CG and relative phase distance elements AB, BC and CA, it includes a device for measuring backward sequence current and zero sequence current, a device for measuring the phase angle difference between the backward and zero sequence currents, a device for comparing the resistance values of the relative ground distance elements and the relative phase distance elements, and a distance element locking device used when the phase angle difference lies in the first grade range or second grade range of phase angle.
Description
The present invention relates generally to utilize apart from the type relay and carry out fault verification on power transmission line, relate to the device that a kind of conduct is used for an ingredient of distance relay that all kinds fault on the power transmission line is discerned or rather.
In the protection of the power transmission line with distance relay device, this device can be discerned the malfunction on the transmission line, and the type of discerning various faults is always very important.In general, this comprises that electrical power signal to three-phase line (A, B and C) identifies the fault relatively of fault and any two-phase circuit relatively.This point is very important to be because have two tangible problems in utilizing distance relay identification malfunction.
At first; when producing a kind of phase-phase-earth fault; the necessary selected some of them ground distance of locking device; because one or more and actual mutually-the fault distance element that phase-earth fault is associated may undesirably pass through the guard interval that adjoins of entry-line; this does not wish to take place; because may leading to errors, this disconnects an isolating switch, this isolating switch and this phase-phase of not responsible elimination-earth fault.Which specific ground distance element can pass through, and depends on the position of fault resstance, and particularly this fault resstance is between the two-phase circuit or between from the two-phase to ground.
Under some application scenario, produce second kind of problem, promptly have a forceful electric power source in relay-set point back (upstream side).In this case, forward on the direction in-plant single line fault over the ground may cause one or more phases-at a distance of keeping mistakenly from element.In some device, wish to disconnect single-phase (utmost point) (wherein only will disconnect a specific fault phase circuit), but phase-will cause all three-phase breakers to disconnect at a distance of judging from element.Under such a case, in the occasion that only needs and wish to disconnect single-phase (utmost point), undesirable three-phase (utmost point) but may take place disconnect.This problem is commonly referred to as single-phase (utmost point) protection reliability.
Usually existing Fault Identification device adopts phase angle difference between negative-sequence current and the zero-sequence current when differentiating electrical power signal in distance relay.These devices are divided into 60 °-180 °, 180 °-300 ° in 3 equal intervals and 300 °-60 ° (zero passage) with total phase angular region of 360 °.Different ground connection and phase-phase element is depended on that by the locking akinesia which of three intervals be phase angle difference between negative-sequence current and the zero-sequence current be in.Yet, have been found that this class device can not provide satisfied precision, i.e. reliability, under many circumstances, during boundary line between particularly between this phase angle difference is quite near each adjacent region.If Fault Identification out of true, the distancing element of mistake can be by lockings, and should be by the distancing element of locking not by locking.Therefore, wish to have a kind of more reliable Fault Identification device that is used for distance relay.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of device that is used to discern fault on the power transmission line, this device comprises relatively distancing element AG, BG and CG and relative apart from element AB, BC and CA, comprise some devices, promptly be used for three electrical power signal on the power transmission line are measured the device of negative-sequence current and zero-sequence current; Be used to measure the device of phase angle difference between described negative-sequence current and the described zero-sequence current; If when this phase angle difference falls into one of them of angular range of some first order, be used for the device of the selected distancing element of locking; Be used for the device that the resistance value with the resistance value of selected distancing element relatively and predetermined one of them relative phase element compares; If when falling within scope in the scope of some second level rather than the described first order scope with this phase angle difference, if and the selected resistance value of the distancing element relatively that is associated with second level scope is used for the device of the described distancing element of locking when the selected resistance value of predetermined relative phase element is had a certain choice relation.
The vector plot and the angle relationship of negative-sequence current and zero-sequence current when Figure 1A represents A phase ground connection, B phase ground connection, C phase earth fault respectively to 1F.
Fig. 2 A represents A phase ground connection and BC angle relationship and other characteristic of negative-sequence current and zero-sequence current during earth fault mutually to 2F.
Fig. 3 is the calcspar of the first order of device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the phase angle difference of device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the partial calcspar of device of the present invention.
The device of a power transmission line generally is loaded with the three phase electric power signal, every A, B and C of being designated as mutually.The present invention adopts some symmetrical components, particularly positive sequence, negative phase-sequence and residual voltage and electric current, to be identified in the fault of contingent some type on the transmission line.Typical distance relay comprises A (AG), B (BG) and the C ground distance element of (CG) relatively relatively relatively, and they can discern single line fault over the ground.This relay generally also comprises the relative apart from element of the relative B phase of A (AB), the relative A phase with C of the relative C phase of B (BC) (CA).In the Fault Identification process, importantly discern the type of various faults, so that make the distancing element that should not keep, what in fact they may be kept under some failure condition, can be avoided keeping by locking.In an example, for A (AG) fault relatively, at a distance of may being kept (except that AG ground distance element) from element AB and CA, when not needing three-phase (utmost point) to disconnect, this can cause producing the danger of three-phase (utmost point) disconnection relatively.This does not wish to take place under a lot of application scenarios.In another example, for a BC (BCG) fault over the ground, for the fault that takes place in a protected location farther along this circuit, ground distance element BG and CG may produce and pass through and keep.This may disconnect with leading to errors originally is not wish the remote zone that disconnects.Therefore, ground distance element BG and CG and the relative phase element that is associated with AB and CA all should be by lockings.
Fig. 1 represents respectively for the mutual relationship between each voltage of AG, BG and CG single-line ground fault and the mutual relationship between each electric current and I2 (negative-sequence current) and the I0 (zero-sequence current).In the AG fault, negative-sequence current and zero-sequence current homophase, and to the BG fault, 120 ° of negative-sequence current hysteresis zero-sequence currents, in the CG fault, 120 ° of the leading zero-sequence currents of negative-sequence current.Angle relationship shown in Fig. 1 also is correct for the mutual relationship of some the relative phase ground connection under the situation that does not have fault resstance.Fig. 2 has represented for the so a kind of example of AG fault with BCG fault (they all are identical).Equally have similar relation with CAG fault and CG with the ABG fault for BG.Therefore, for AG earth fault, phase-at a distance of from element BC not by locking, to the BG fault, phase-at a distance of from element CA not by locking, to the CG fault, phase-at a distance of from element AB not by locking.
The identification of fault type of the present invention also utilizes the phase angle difference between negative-sequence current and the zero-sequence current, but utilizes in fact in a different manner.As mentioned above, in the device formerly,, then be BG, then be CG if phase angle difference is 180 °-300 ° if phase angle difference is 60 °-180 ° if phase angle difference judges then that 300 °-60 ° (zero passages) fault is AG.Yet, as noted above, have been found that these three intervals closer to each other be not obviously reliably.
In order to judge fault, device of the present invention adopts the two-stage deterministic process.Consult Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the phase angle difference of utilizing comparer 12 to determine between negative-sequence current I2 and zero-sequence current I0.Comparer 12 receives the start signal that one or more supervising devices provide at incoming line 14.This comparer is checked negative-sequence current and zero-sequence current, whether satisfies selected threshold value to judge them.This has just guaranteed the reliability of action.For example, zero-sequence current is examined guaranteeing that its satisfies the threshold value with respect to negative-sequence current, and check residue (residual) electric current (Ir) with guarantee it greater than a selected maximal phase to the percentage value of phase current (for example 0.1).Therefore remove to point out that phase angle comparer 12 generally is under the monitoring of the initiating signal on the line 14 beyond, the function of this monitoring reliability is conventional, thereby does not here introduce in detail.
Phase angle difference from comparer 12 is provided to angular range decision element 16, and this element is judged suitable one that is in 6 different scopes, and this scope has covered this specific phase angle difference from comparer 12.If phase angle difference is within 0 ° ± 30 ° scope 20, output is provided to and door 22.Equally, if within 90 ° ± 30 ° the scope 24 or within 210 ° ± 30 ° scope 26, exporting, phase angle difference then is provided to respectively and door 28 and 30.Other is input to and the signal of door 22,28 and 30 is along the initiating signal that starts line 32.Along the line 32 initiating signal is identical with along the line 14 initiating signal.Be called FSA30, FSB30, FSC30 with the output of door 22,28 and 30, they directly are provided to the partial output of Fault Identification device, as shown in Figure 5 and hereinafter described.
In device of the present invention, along the line 31 FSA30 signal is represented the AG fault really, and along the line 33 FSB30 signal is represented the BG fault really, and along the line 35 FSC30 signal is represented the CG fault really.If, when phase angle difference drops on one of them of above-mentioned scope, as among Fig. 4 with shown in cheese zone 34,36 and 38, with regard to the mensuration of no longer adding.
If the phase angle difference from comparer 12 does not fall into the scope 20,24 or 26 shown in Fig. 3 (being fan-shaped 34,36 or 38 at Fig. 4), the so also judgement that need add is so that accurately judge the fault that this is specific.Fig. 5 represents to implement the extra level of the device of the present invention of further decision.To only explain this extra level to A phase and FSA60 phase angle difference (Fig. 3).Yet, B also is applicable to identical function and structural principle with the FSC scope mutually with FSB and C mutually.Consult Fig. 3, if phase angle difference scope element 16 determine these phase angle differences fall into+41, one outputs of scope of 30 °～60 ° or-30 °～-60 ° are provided to and door 40, are provided to other input signal on it and are along the line 32 initiating signal.In the output of door 40 online 43, be designated as FSA60.The output of FSA60 on this line 43 is provided to (along continuous lines 43) on the circuit shown in Figure 5.
In the second level of device of the present invention, each phase-at a distance of at first being determined from " mould " of element (AB, BC, CA) is between the trouble spot and utilizes distance between the relay that each this distancing element measures.This amount can obtain by torque measurement, excess current or other method.Determine these three one apart from minimum in the value.Each comparer 52-55 in the circuit of utilization in Fig. 5 and each realize with door 60-62.With the action of the initial start of door 60-62 be used to from or the signal of door 66, FSA60, FSB60, each incoming line of FSC60 are provided to or door 66.When FSA60, a FSB60 or FSC60 signal occurring, by or the height output that forms of door 66 be added to respectively and door.
Comparer 52 and 53 and judge with door 60 whether the mould of distancing element AB littler than the mould of BC and CA, if AB less than BC and CA, comparer 52 and 53 output both be high and with the output of door 60 also be high.Comparer 54 and 55 and whether little than AB and CA with door 61 judgement BC.If BC is littler than AB and CA, comparer 55 and 56 output all are high, therefore, with the output of door 61 also be high.At last, if with door 60 and with door 61 any one outputs be not high, this represents that CA in fact has minimum mould.Under such a case, with the input end of door 62, be high from each line neither one with door 60 and 61, therefore the output with door 62 is high.Certainly, can between AB, BC and CA, judge minimum mould with other method.
If distancing element AB is minimum, be added to and door 72,73 and 75 by exporting along the line 69 with the height of door 60.If distancing element BC minimum is provided to and door 77,79 and 81 by along the line 70 with the output of the height of door 61, and if distancing element CA minimum is exported along the line 71 with the height of door 62 and is provided to and door 83,85 and 87.At next step, in the second level shown in Figure 5, the phase that promptly has minimum modulus of judge from first order scope one apparent that plays moving-wire (FSA60, FSB60 or FSC60) resistance and above-mentioned identification relatively-at a distance of from that phase of element-apart compare from the relative phase resistance of element.Because example described here is to FSA60, the line 43 among Fig. 5 is high.This signal is provided to and door 72,77 and 83.These with door in (72,77,83) by starting (depending on output) and height output that it produced with door 60,61 and 62 be provided to door 76,84 or 86 in one on.
If the mould of AB three phases-at a distance of in element be the minimum, comparer 74 is compared the mould (amount) of the apparent resistance (RAG) of earth element AG with the mould (amount) of the relative phase resistance (RAB) of element AB.If RAG is less than RAB, the output of comparer 74 uprises; This high output is provided to and door 76.Therefore uprise with the output of door 76, and be applied to or door 78 as an input quantity.When BC has three minimum modulus (amount) in the distancing element, can do same analysis to comparer 80, when CA has minimum modulus (amount), can do same analysis to comparer 82.
Under each situation in these situations, if the mould of RAG (amount) is littler than RBC and RBA respectively, a high output is provided to or door 78.In addition, also will be provided to along the FSA30 signal of line shown in Figure 3 31 or the door 78.Under each above-mentioned condition, comprise from the direct output of FSA30 or from the output procedure of FSA60 and from the condition of the height output of door 76 or 84 or 86 under, along the line 88 produce an output, produce above-mentioned specific distancing element locking effect, promptly earth element BG with CG and mutually-phase element AB and CA be by locking.Calculate similar result for FSB and FSC.
As mentioned above, some resistance value need be calculated in the second level.This resistance is determined according to following formula.
In above-mentioned equation, Im is the imaginary part component, and * refers to the complex conjugate amount, Ir=residual current=3I
0, Iab=Ia-Ib, Ibc=Ib-Ic, Ica=Ic-Ia, Vab=Va-Vb, Vbc=Vb-Vc, Vca=Vc-Va, Va, Vb, Vc equal A phase, B phase, the C phase line voltage to neutral point respectively, and Ia, Ib, Ic are respectively A phase, B mutually and the C phase current, 1/Z under transmission line positive sequence line angle
IL=1 Europe, and K
01Equal the zero sequence compensation coefficient that relay is set.In addition, Ia
2=1/3 (Ia+a
2Ib+aIc), Ib
2=aIa
2, Ic
2=a
2Ia
2
Therefore, produce an output that is called FSA output on the Fault Identification device online respectively 88 of the present invention, online 90 and 92 produce the output corresponding to FSB and FSC output.As mentioned above, the output on each the bar line in these lines produces a block signal to selected earth element and selected phase-phase element, and it depends on the phase angle difference of negative-sequence current and zero-sequence current.The present invention includes the bi-level treatment process, it comprises: if phase angle difference drops in the selected scope, measured phase angle difference is compared with a series of scope, so that produce a clear and definite result, if and this phase angle difference drops in other scope the judgement that also adds.By this bi-level treatment, obtain reliable identification to fault.
Although, a preferred embodiment is only disclosed in order to illustrate, should be understood that do not breaking away from the present invention design, promptly under the situation by following claim institute restricted portion, can carry out various variations, improvement and replacement to the preferred embodiment.
Claims (9)
1. device that is used to discern fault on the power transmission line, this device has relatively distancing element AG, BG and CG, and relatively at a distance of from element AB, BC and CA, it comprises:
Be used for the three phase electric power signal measuring negative-sequence current on the power transmission line and the device of zero-sequence current;
Be used to measure the device of the phase angle difference of described negative-sequence current and described zero-sequence current;
If when being used for phase angle difference and dropping on scope of several first order phase angular regions, the device of the selected distancing element of locking;
Be used for the selected resistance value of a predetermined element of selected resistance value and the relative phase element of a distancing element device of comparing relatively;
If phase angle difference drops in the scope in several second level scopes rather than in the described first order scope time, and during the mutual relationship that the selected resistance value of the distancing element relatively that is associated with second level scope is allowed a choice for the selected resistance value of predetermined relative phase element, the device of the described distancing element of locking.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, the selected resistance value of distancing element relatively wherein is its apparent resistance, and the selected resistance value of phase element is its relative phase resistance relatively.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, the predetermined element in the relative phase element wherein is the relative phase element with minimum modulus.
4. device as claimed in claim 2, the distancing element of institute's locking wherein comprises the distancing element of selected distancing element relatively and relative phase.
5. device as claimed in claim 3, selected mutual relationship wherein are lower absolute values.
6. device as claimed in claim 1, first order scope wherein are 0 ° ± 30 °, 120 ° ± 30 ° and 240 ° ± 30 °.
7. device as claimed in claim 6, second level scope wherein are 30 ° to 60 ° and-30 ° to-60 °, 60 ° to 90 ° and 150 ° to 180 °, and 180 ° to 210 ° and 270 ° to 300 °.
8. device as claimed in claim 6, wherein for the phase angle difference in 0 ° ± 30 ° first order scope, distancing element BG and CG and relative at a distance of from element AB and CA by locking, wherein to the phase angle difference in 120 ° ± 30 ° first order scope, distancing element AG and CG and relative phase element AB and BC are by locking, and wherein to 240 ° ± 30 ° phase angle difference, distancing element AG and BG and relative phase element BC and CA are by locking.
9. device according to claim 2, if wherein the apparent resistance of AG is less than the relative phase resistance of predetermined relative phase element, for the phase angle difference in first second level scope of 30 ° to 60 ° and-30 ° to-60 °, distancing element BG and CG and relative at a distance of from element AB and CA by locking, if wherein the apparent resistance of BG is less than the relative phase resistance of predetermined relative phase element, for the phase angle difference in second second level scope of 60 ° to 90 ° and 150 ° to 180 °, distancing element AG and CG and relative phase element AB and BC are by locking; And if wherein the apparent resistance of CG less than the relative phase resistance of predetermined relative phase element, for the phase angle difference in the 3rd second level scope of 180 ° to 210 ° and 270 ° to 300 °, the no part AG of distance and BG and relative phase element BC and CA are by locking.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94118711 CN1123416A (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1994-11-21 | Distance relay with load encroachment protection for use with power transmission lines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94118711 CN1123416A (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1994-11-21 | Distance relay with load encroachment protection for use with power transmission lines |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1123416A true CN1123416A (en) | 1996-05-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94118711 Pending CN1123416A (en) | 1994-11-21 | 1994-11-21 | Distance relay with load encroachment protection for use with power transmission lines |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100338472C (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2007-09-19 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Zero sequence direction measurement method with zero sequence voltage compensation |
| CN100346548C (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2007-10-31 | 烟台东方电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Discriminiting element for developmental fault of high-voltage transmission line of power system |
| CN100370666C (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2008-02-20 | 山东大学 | Action judgment of single phase earthing short-circuit distance relay |
| CN100409019C (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2008-08-06 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Zero sequence direction measurement element with negative sequence negative direction blocking |
| CN103760465A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-30 | 泉州维盾电气有限公司 | Single-phase earth fault direction judgment and processing method of small current grounding system |
-
1994
- 1994-11-21 CN CN 94118711 patent/CN1123416A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100346548C (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2007-10-31 | 烟台东方电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Discriminiting element for developmental fault of high-voltage transmission line of power system |
| CN100370666C (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2008-02-20 | 山东大学 | Action judgment of single phase earthing short-circuit distance relay |
| CN100338472C (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2007-09-19 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Zero sequence direction measurement method with zero sequence voltage compensation |
| CN100409019C (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2008-08-06 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Zero sequence direction measurement element with negative sequence negative direction blocking |
| CN103760465A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-30 | 泉州维盾电气有限公司 | Single-phase earth fault direction judgment and processing method of small current grounding system |
| CN103760465B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2016-06-08 | 泉州维盾电气有限公司 | Single-phase grounded malfunction in grounded system of low current discriminating direction and processing method |
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