CN112340933A - Tidal river water quality improving method and water quality improving system - Google Patents
Tidal river water quality improving method and water quality improving system Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
Abstract
The invention relates to a tidal river water quality improving method and a tidal river water quality improving system, wherein the method comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out segmentation along the water flow direction: 1) strengthening plankton biological treatment; 2) enhancing flocculation; 3) the water quality is stable. The system comprises an enhanced planktonic algae biological treatment section, an enhanced flocculation section and a water quality stabilization section which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction. The invention realizes the treatment of water body pollution and the water quality improvement by utilizing the biological action in a mode of building a small ecological system in an area, can realize the in-situ treatment of the water body pollution without the intervention of special equipment and facilities, has good reduction effect on soluble nutritive salt and organic/inorganic particulate matters in the water body, high removal efficiency, less energy consumption in the treatment process and low construction cost and maintenance cost, and is particularly suitable for the water quality improvement in hardened or semi-hardened tidal rivers with small sludge thickness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tidal river water quality improving method and a tidal river water quality improving system, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment.
Background
At present, the main problem threatening the urban river water environment is serious pollution of nutritive salt and organic matters, and the monitoring of items such as total phosphorus, total nitrogen, suspended matters, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the like on a water body discovers that most of water quality indexes in the river are generally in a bad V class, and the water body pollution is serious. Particularly, the river channel with multiple branches converging or entering the sea mouth, such as the river channel at the pearl river mouth, also has the problems of large salinity change, difficult control of herbivorous fishes and snails and large water level change.
The traditional treatment technology for the river water pollution comprises filtering, aeration, wetland construction, aquatic plant planting and the like. The filtration technology is an important technology for guaranteeing the water quality of landscape water bodies, can remove granular substances, algae and the like, but has high energy consumption, can not remove soluble pollutants in the water bodies, and has limited effect on reducing the water quality; the aeration technology is to remove organic matters and nutritive salts by utilizing the action of aerobic bacteria in the water body, but the aeration technology depends on the natural biological structure of the water body, so that the removal efficiency is low and the energy consumption is large; the constructed wetland can remove partial organic matters and nutrient elements in the water body, but the occupied area is large, and the investment cost is high; the aquatic plants (generally submerged plants) can stabilize the water body, increase dissolved oxygen, transfer nutrient substances into the plants to increase the aesthetic feeling of the landscape water body, and is a better method for maintaining the water quality, but the treatment capacity is greatly influenced by restriction factors such as seasons, temperature and the like.
The multi-branch converging river channel or entering the sea mouth river channel (such as the pearl river mouth river channel) generally has the following characteristics: (1) partial river channels cannot completely block sewage; (2) part of river bottom mud is seriously silted; (3) the initial rain pollution is serious, and the rain and sewage of part of river channels are not completely shunted; (4) the damage of the small omnivorous fishes and the ampullaria gigas to submerged plants is serious; (5) the tidal river channel has large water level change, fast flow speed and salinity change, and part of the river channel revetments or river bottoms are seriously hardened. Due to the factors, the traditional river water pollution treatment technology cannot achieve good treatment effect on a multi-branch flow converging river channel or an entrance-to-sea river channel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a tidal river water quality lifting method and a tidal river water quality lifting system, which have good water body pollution treatment and water quality lifting effects, mainly adopt biological action for pollution treatment and water quality lifting, and have the advantages of low energy consumption and low cost.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a method for improving water quality of a tidal river channel sequentially comprises the following steps:
1) strengthening plankton biological treatment: by inoculating algae seeds and the like, the condition suitable for the propagation of corresponding algae in the water body is maintained, so that the corresponding planktonic algae are propagated in a large quantity, and nitrogen and phosphorus and other pollutants/impurities in the water body are greatly reduced by utilizing the direct biological effect and indirect effect of the algae;
2) strengthening flocculation: flocculating microorganisms, particles/colloids and organic pollutants in a water body by adding a flocculating agent, and then precipitating and separating;
3) and (3) stabilizing water quality: through the effects of precipitation and/or adsorption, absorption, decomposition and the like of aquatic plants, the separation and transformation of particles and pollutants in a water body are further realized, the water quality is improved, and the stable water quality is realized.
And the strengthening plankton biological treatment, the strengthening flocculation and the water quality stabilization are sequentially performed in sections in the river channel along the water flow direction.
Preferably, the planktonic algae used to enhance planktonic algae treatment may be selected according to water quality and water contaminant conditions, and may typically be one or more of the phylum diatoms, the phylum chlorophyta, or the phylum cyanophyceae, for example.
Preferably, the planktonic algae are or are partially (especially predominantly) planktonic algae having self-flocculating ability.
The planktonic algae can be sown in the river channel by uniformly sowing seed algae liquid, and the algae density of the seed algae liquid is preferably 105-7And (2) per liter.
Preferably, the flocculating agent used to enhance flocculation is an organic flocculating agent and/or an inorganic flocculating agent.
Preferably, the area for stable water quality is planted with aquatic plants.
Preferably, the aquatic plant is a submerged plant or an emergent aquatic plant.
Preferably, the aquatic plants are planted on a riverbed and/or on a floating island.
Preferably, the area for enhanced planktonic algae processing is inoculated with planktonic algae.
Preferably, the body of water is aerated continuously or intermittently in an area for enhanced planktonic algae biological treatment. By aerating the water body, favorable growth conditions are provided for algae, water quality deterioration caused by excessive consumption of dissolved oxygen is avoided, aerobic biochemical effect can be enhanced, good conditions are provided for metabolic propagation of aerobic microorganisms, the aerobic microorganisms in the water body are propagated in a large quantity, the enhanced planktonic algae biological treatment becomes enhanced planktonic algae biological treatment under the enhanced aerobic biochemical conditions, the biochemical purification effect on the water body is further improved through the synergistic effect of the aerobic microorganisms and the algae organisms, and the aeration quantity maintains the sufficient concentration and activity of the aerobic microorganisms in the water body according to actual needs so as to form obvious aerobic biochemical effect;
preferably, a transition region is left between the region for strengthening the planktonic algae treatment and the region for flocculation and precipitation, is used for the self-flocculation and precipitation of the planktonic algae, and can be used for water quality observation.
Preferably, a transition interval is reserved between the area for enhancing flocculation and the area for stabilizing water quality, and the transition interval is used for buffering and precipitating algae and particle substances and can be used for observing water quality.
The utility model provides a morning and evening tides river course water quality lift system, includes the river course, the river course is equipped with along the enhancement plankton biology processing section that the rivers direction distributes in proper order, strengthens flocculation section and water stabilization section, it has plankton to sow in the water of strengthening plankton biology processing section, it has the flocculating agent to add in the water of strengthening the flocculation section, it has aquatic plant and/or is equipped with ecological chinampa to plant in the water of water stabilization section.
Preferably, an aeration pipeline is laid at the bottom of the enhanced planktonic algae biological treatment section.
Preferably, a first buffer section is arranged between the enhanced planktonic algae processing section and the enhanced flocculation section, and the first buffer section is used for self-flocculation precipitation of algae.
Preferably, a second buffer section is reserved between the enhanced flocculation section and the water quality stabilization section, and the second buffer section is used for buffering and precipitating algae organisms and particulate matters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the nutrition and autotrophic capacity and other effects of plankton to reduce soluble nutritive salt and other pollutants in the river water body, then utilizes the flocculation effect of a flocculating agent to precipitate plankton and suspended particulate matters in the water body, and finally utilizes aquatic plants to stabilize the water quality. Through the mode of building small-size ecosystem in rivers region (including river region and other rivers region, collectively called the river course), utilize biological action to realize the improvement of the treatment of water pollution and the promotion of quality of water, compare in traditional water pollution treatment technique, need not the intervention of special equipment facility and can realize the normal position treatment to water pollution, the soluble nutritive salt and organic/inorganic particulate matter in the water cut down effectually, get rid of efficiently, the treatment process energy consumption is few, construction cost and maintenance cost are low, be particularly useful for the quality of water promotion in the hardening or the semi-hardening morning and evening tides river course that silt thickness is less.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a water quality improvement system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for improving water quality of a tidal river, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
1) adopting planktonic algae to reduce soluble nutritive salts and the like in the water body in the river channel, such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate and the like;
2) reducing algae and suspended particulate matter (such as COD, TN, TP and inorganic suspended particles) in the water body by adopting a flocculating agent;
3) the water quality is stabilized by using aquatic plants.
And the strengthening plankton biological treatment, the strengthening flocculation and the water quality stabilization are sequentially performed in sections in the river channel along the water flow direction.
The phytoplankton is preferably one or more of diatom, chlorophyta or cyanophyta, the diatom is preferably a plant of the genus Cyclotella, Navicula, Fragile or Pinctada, the chlorophyta is preferably a plant of the genus Scenedesmus, Chlorella or Fibrospira, and the cyanophyta is preferably a plant of the genus Oscillatoria or Spirulina.
The planktonic algae is preferably algae having self-flocculation ability, so that part or all of the planktonic algae can be self-flocculated and precipitated before the enhanced flocculation is performed, thereby reducing the amount of the flocculant used in the enhanced flocculation and the water quality purification load.
The planktonic algae can be sown in the river channel by uniformly sowing seed algae liquid, and the density of the seed algae liquid is preferably 105-7And (2) per liter.
The flocculant can be an organic flocculant such as Polyacrylamide (PAM) or an inorganic flocculant such as a polymeric iron salt.
The aquatic plant is preferably a submerged plant, an emergent aquatic plant or a plant planted on a floating island.
In the enhanced plankton biological treatment, the water body is preferably aerated continuously or intermittently to increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water body and improve the reduction effect of the plankton organisms on the soluble nutritive salts. Meanwhile, good conditions are provided for the metabolism and propagation of the aerobic microorganisms, the water quality is prevented from being deteriorated due to oxygen deficiency, and the biochemical purification effect of the aerobic microorganisms is enhanced, particularly the synergistic biological purification effect of the aerobic microorganisms and planktonic algae. Preliminary studies show that floating algae which can adapt to the pollution characteristics of water bodies can degrade certain organic pollutants and use the organic pollutants as nutrient substances (carbon sources) in addition to the well-known utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the biochemical action of aerobic microorganisms can not only effectively degrade and eliminate the organic pollutants, but also greatly weaken or eliminate the toxic action of high-concentration organic pollutants on algae through the degradation of the organic pollutants, improve the adaptability and utilization level of the algae on the organic pollutants, basically avoid consuming dissolved oxygen after the organic pollutants are converted into active organisms of the algae, do not compete for the dissolved oxygen and the biochemical action of the aerobic microorganisms with the organic pollutants in water (the organic pollutants except algae biomass in the water body, the same holds true below), and the degradation of organic pollutants which are difficult to be biochemically processed by parts of naphthalene and the like is also favorable for the decomposition of the pollutants by the aerobic microorganisms, thereby forming the mutual promotion and synergistic action of aerobic microorganisms and planktonic algae, and obviously improving the separation and decomposition effects of pollutants in the water body. In addition, the adsorption of pollutants by mass-propagated algae is also obviously beneficial to reducing pollutants in water. According to the experiments of the applicant, the aerobic condition is maintained through aeration, under the condition that enough relevant algae and aerobic biological action exist at the same time, the water purification degree can be obviously improved compared with the sum of the single algae action and the single aerobic biological action, particularly for certain sewage which is not very suitable for algae propagation, the aerobic biological action is enhanced through aeration (aerobic microorganism strains, such as activated aerobic sludge, can be added when necessary) so that the aerobic microorganisms reach a certain concentration (particularly during the starting process), then the algae strains are added, the algae propagation condition can be obviously improved, and higher density is kept. Generally, after the start-up process is completed, under certain water inlet and outlet conditions, the required algae concentration and microorganism concentration in the water body can be maintained through proper aeration, and a good water purification effect is obtained.
Preferably, a space is reserved between the implementation section for strengthening planktonic algae biological treatment and the implementation section for strengthening flocculation in the river channel, and the space is reserved between the implementation section for strengthening flocculation and the implementation section for stabilizing water quality, and the space is reserved between the implementation section for strengthening flocculation and the implementation section for buffering sedimentation and water quality observation of algae and particulate matters.
The tidal river water quality improving method comprises the steps of firstly utilizing the nutritional and autotrophic capacity of plankton, reducing soluble nutritive salt in a river water body, then utilizing the flocculation effect of a flocculating agent to precipitate plankton and suspended particulate matters in the water body, and finally utilizing aquatic plants to stabilize water quality. Through the mode of building small-size ecosystem in the region, utilize biological action to realize the improvement to water pollution's treatment and the promotion of quality of water, compare in traditional water pollution treatment technique, need not the intervention of special equipment facility and can realize the normal position treatment to water pollution, the soluble nutritive salt and organic/inorganic particulate matter in the water cut down effectually, the removal efficiency is high, the treatment process energy consumption is few, construction cost and maintenance cost are low, be particularly useful for the hardening or the semi-hardening that silt thickness is less (usually not more than 30 cm), three-side light or the quality of water promotion in the two-side light morning and evening tides river course. The concentration range of phosphorus is 0-10mg/L, the pH value is 6.0-8.5, no peculiar smell exists, the trace amount of heavy metal ions such as gold, silver, mercury and the like is contained, and the water quality improvement effect of the river channel containing a small amount of organic pollutants such as benzene, phenol, ether and the like is optimal.
Referring to fig. 1, the water quality improvement system of the invention applies the water quality improvement method of the tidal river, and includes a river 1, the river (the whole river or a part of the river) is sequentially divided into an enhanced plankton processing section 2, an enhanced flocculation section 3 and a water quality stabilizing section 4 along the water flow direction, plankton 5 is sown in the water body of the enhanced plankton processing section, a flocculating agent (which can be continuously or intermittently added by a flocculating agent adding device) is added in the water body of the enhanced flocculation section, and aquatic plants 6 are planted in the water body of the water quality stabilizing section or an ecological floating island is built in the water body of the water quality stabilizing section. The upstream incoming water of the riverway firstly enters the enhanced planktonic algae processing section, soluble nutritive salt in a water body is reduced by utilizing the nutrition and autotrophic capacity of planktonic algae, then the water with higher concentration containing planktonic algae flows into the enhanced flocculation section, planktonic algae and suspended particulate matters in the water body are precipitated by utilizing the flocculation effect of the flocculating agent, finally the water after being processed by the enhanced flocculation section flows into the water quality stabilization section, the water quality is stabilized by utilizing the aquatic plants, and the water is naturally left out of the water quality stabilization section.
An aeration pipeline 7 is preferably laid on the river bottom and/or revetment (usually, revetment below the normal water level, preferably revetment near the river bottom) of the enhanced plankton algae treatment section, and aeration is continuously or intermittently carried out on the enhanced plankton algae treatment section through the aeration pipeline so as to improve the dissolved oxygen content in water and improve the reduction effect of the plankton on soluble nutritive salt.
Preferably, a space is reserved between the enhanced planktonic algae processing section and the enhanced flocculation section to form a first buffer section 8 for the self-flocculation and water quality observation of algae, namely, water reserved from the enhanced planktonic algae processing section flows into the first buffer section firstly, and flows into the enhanced flocculation section after the self-flocculation and precipitation of algae are carried out in the first buffer section. Preferably, a space is reserved between the enhanced flocculation section and the water quality stabilization section to form a second buffer section 9 for buffering and precipitating algae and particulate matters and observing water quality, namely, water reserved from the enhanced flocculation section flows into the second buffer section firstly, and flows into the water quality stabilization section after buffering and precipitating the algae and the particulate matters in the second buffer section.
The enhanced flocculation section and the second buffer section are preferably provided with underwater sediment recovery devices or facilities for recovering sediments, the first buffer section can be provided with or not provided with an underwater sediment recovery device or facility for recovering sediments, and the underwater sediment recovery device or facility can adopt any device or facility suitable for recovering sediments underwater in the prior art.
The length of each section in the river channel can be flexibly divided according to the water quality condition of the river channel.
Example 1:
aiming at the riverway with two sides smooth, the water flow speed is less than 0.1 m/s. The reinforced plankton algae biological treatment section adopts a density of 106Spraying the Scenedesmus seed algae liquid per liter, and simultaneously carrying out underwater aeration. And polyferric trichloride (an inorganic flocculant) is added into the reinforced flocculation section, and precipitates are periodically recovered in the reinforced flocculation section and the second buffer section. The water quality stabilization section is planted with herba Swertiae Dilutae (submerged plant) with planting density of 5-20 plants/m2。
Example 2:
aiming at the riverway with two sides smooth, the water flow speed is more than 0.1 m/s. The reinforced plankton algae biological treatment section adopts a density of 105Spraying per L of oscillatoria seed algae solution. And polyferric trichloride (an inorganic flocculant) is added into the reinforced flocculation section, and precipitates are periodically recovered in the reinforced flocculation section and the second buffer section. The water quality stabilization section is planted with herba Eupatorii (submerged plant) with planting density of 5-10 plants/m2。
Example 3:
aiming at a three-side smooth river channel, the water flow speed is less than 0.1 m/s. The reinforced plankton algae biological treatment section adopts a density of 106Spraying the algae liquid of the single/L of the Cyclotella tenera seeds, and simultaneously carrying out underwater aeration. And polyacrylamide (PAM, organic flocculant) is added into the reinforced flocculation section, and precipitates are periodically recovered in the reinforced flocculation section and the second buffer section. The water quality stabilization section adopts a gabion to plant cattail (emergent aquatic plant), and the planting density in the gabion is 5-20 clusters/m2The gabion is against the revetment.
Example 4:
aiming at a three-side smooth river channel, the water flow speed is greater than 0.1 m/s. The reinforced plankton algae biological treatment section adopts a density of 106Spraying the chlorella seed algae liquid per liter, and simultaneously carrying out underwater aeration. And polyacrylamide (PAM, organic flocculant) is added into the reinforced flocculation section, and precipitates are periodically recovered in the reinforced flocculation section and the second buffer section. The water quality stabilization section adopts a stone cage to plant the Thalictrum flower (emergent aquatic plant), and the planting density in the stone cage is 5-10 clusters/m2The gabion is against the revetment.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the water quality of a tidal river channel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) strengthening plankton biological treatment;
2) enhancing flocculation;
3) the water quality is stable,
and the strengthening plankton biological treatment, the strengthening flocculation and the water quality stabilization are sequentially performed in sections in the river channel along the water flow direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the planktonic algae used to enhance the planktonic algae treatment is one or more of the phylum Diatom, Chlorophyta, or Cyanophyta.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the planktonic algae is or is partially planktonic algae having self-flocculating ability.
4. A method of tidal channel water quality enhancement as claimed in claim 3, wherein the flocculating agent used to enhance flocculation is an organic and/or inorganic flocculating agent.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein aquatic plants are planted on the riverbed and/or on the floating island in the area for stabilizing water quality.
6. A method of tidal channel water quality enhancement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the area for enhanced planktonic algae treatment is inoculated with planktonic algae and the water body is aerated either continuously or intermittently.
7. A method of elevating water quality in a tidal channel as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein a transition region is left between the region for enhancing planktonic algae processing and the region for flocculation precipitation for self-flocculation precipitation of planktonic algae, and a transition region is left between the region for enhancing flocculation and the region for water quality stabilization for buffer precipitation of algae and particulate matter.
8. The utility model provides a morning and evening tides river course water quality lift system, its characterized in that includes the river course, the river course is equipped with along the reinforcing plankton biology processing section that the rivers direction distributes in proper order, reinforces flocculation section and water stabilization section, it has plankton to inoculate in the water of reinforcing plankton biology processing section, it has the flocculating agent to add in the water of reinforcing flocculation section, water stabilization section is planted and is had aquatic plant and/or is equipped with ecological chinampa.
9. The tidal channel water quality enhancement system of claim 8, wherein an aeration pipe is laid at the bottom of the enhanced planktonic algae biological treatment section.
10. The tidal channel water quality enhancement system of claim 9, wherein a first buffer section is arranged between the enhanced planktonic algae processing section and the enhanced flocculation section, the first buffer section is used for self-flocculation precipitation of algae, a second buffer section is arranged between the enhanced flocculation section and the water quality stabilization section, and the second buffer section is used for buffer precipitation of algae and particulate matters.
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Citations (3)
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| CN102765814A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-07 | 昆明豪原特自控有限公司 | Ecological water treatment method |
| CN104876402A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-02 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Heavily polluted river habitat reconstruction process |
| CN111423053A (en) * | 2020-03-15 | 2020-07-17 | 河海大学 | In-situ treatment method of river black and odorous water body based on modified plant tannin |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102765814A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-07 | 昆明豪原特自控有限公司 | Ecological water treatment method |
| CN104876402A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-02 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Heavily polluted river habitat reconstruction process |
| CN111423053A (en) * | 2020-03-15 | 2020-07-17 | 河海大学 | In-situ treatment method of river black and odorous water body based on modified plant tannin |
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