CN112333843A - Wireless battery management system, wireless communication node and time slot allocation method - Google Patents

Wireless battery management system, wireless communication node and time slot allocation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112333843A
CN112333843A CN202010730312.3A CN202010730312A CN112333843A CN 112333843 A CN112333843 A CN 112333843A CN 202010730312 A CN202010730312 A CN 202010730312A CN 112333843 A CN112333843 A CN 112333843A
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Prior art keywords
monitor
node
dedicated
manager
slots
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CN202010730312.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
崔胜竣
李兴烈
洪朱杓
金德秀
徐荣浩
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LX Semicon Co Ltd
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Silicon Works Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from KR1020200081775A external-priority patent/KR20210018035A/en
Application filed by Silicon Works Co Ltd filed Critical Silicon Works Co Ltd
Publication of CN112333843A publication Critical patent/CN112333843A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/371—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with remote indication, e.g. on external chargers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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    • H04L67/1046—Joining mechanisms
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    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower
    • H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower
    • H04W52/0219—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is leader and terminal is follower where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0238—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is an unwanted signal, e.g. interference or idle signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0841—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment
    • H04W74/085—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment collision avoidance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A wireless battery management system, a node of wireless communication, and a method of allocating time slots are disclosed, which respectively allocate dedicated time slots having different time intervals to a monitor node to support smooth and stable communication between the monitor node and a manager node. The wireless battery management system includes: a manager node which checks the number of monitor nodes joining a short-range wireless network for battery management, divides transmission slots allocated for data transmission by the number of the monitor nodes to generate a plurality of dedicated slots, and allocates the plurality of dedicated slots to the monitor nodes, respectively; and a monitor node that collects battery data and transmits the collected battery data to the manager node during the assigned dedicated time slot.

Description

Wireless battery management system, wireless communication node and time slot allocation method
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a wireless battery management system, and more particularly, to a wireless battery management system that smoothly and stably performs wireless communication to collect battery data, a node of the wireless communication, and a method of allocating a time slot.
Background
As the demand for portable electronic products such as notebook computers, video cameras, and portable phones is rapidly increasing and electric vehicles, secondary batteries for storing energy, robots, and satellites are really developed, research on high-performance batteries capable of being repeatedly charged and discharged is actively ongoing.
The minimum unit of each battery may be referred to as a battery cell, and a plurality of battery cells connected in series with each other may constitute a battery module. In addition, a plurality of battery modules may be connected in series or in parallel with each other, and thus a battery pack may be configured.
Generally, a battery pack assembled in an electric vehicle or the like includes a plurality of battery modules connected in series or parallel with each other. The battery pack includes a battery management system that monitors a state of each battery module and performs a control operation corresponding to the monitored state.
The battery management system includes a controller for obtaining and analyzing battery data. However, each battery module included in the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells, and thus, there is a limitation in monitoring the states of all the battery cells included in the battery pack by using a single controller. Therefore, a method in which a controller is provided in each of a certain number of battery modules included in a battery pack, one of the controllers is set as a master device (master), and the other controllers are set as slave devices (slave) has recently been used to distribute the load of the controllers and to quickly and accurately monitor the overall state of the battery pack.
The slave controller provided in each of a certain number of battery modules is connected to the master controller through a wired communication network such as a Control Area Network (CAN), collects battery data of the battery modules controlled by the slave controller, and transmits the battery data to the master controller.
A technique of setting a short-range wireless channel between a master controller and a slave controller and performing short-range wireless communication between the master controller and the slave controller has been proposed for preventing spatial inefficiency from occurring in the case where a CAN is constructed for communication between the master controller and the slave controller.
The battery management system includes a master controller and a plurality of slave controllers, and the plurality of slave controllers periodically transmit battery data to the master controller. However, in the case where one master controller communicates with a plurality of slave controllers through short-range wireless communication, wireless channel contention or transmission collision between the slave controllers occurs, resulting in the occurrence of a problem of data transmission errors such as loss or delay of battery data.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a wireless battery management system, a node of wireless communication, and a method of allocating time slots that substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
An aspect of the present disclosure is directed to provide a wireless battery management system, a node of wireless communication, and a method of allocating time slots, which respectively allocate dedicated time slots having different time intervals to a monitor node to support smooth and stable communication between the monitor node and a manager node.
Additional advantages and features of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the disclosure. The objectives and other advantages of the disclosure may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of this disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a wireless battery management system, comprising: a manager node which checks the number of monitor nodes joining a short-range wireless network for battery management, divides transmission slots allocated for data transmission by the number of the monitor nodes to generate a plurality of dedicated slots, and allocates the plurality of dedicated slots to the monitor nodes, respectively; and a monitor node that collects battery data and sends the collected battery data to the manager node during the assigned dedicated time slot.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a manager node, including: a wireless communication unit forming a short-range wireless network together with a plurality of monitor nodes; and a manager controller dividing transmission slots allocated for data transmission by the number of the monitor nodes to generate a plurality of dedicated slots, respectively allocating the plurality of dedicated slots to the monitor nodes, and transmitting information on the allocated dedicated slots to the corresponding monitor nodes by using the wireless communication unit.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a monitor node comprising: a wireless communication unit that receives a message from a manager node, the message issuing a request to join a short-range wireless network; and a monitor controller generating a delay time, transmitting a join response to the manager node by using the wireless communication unit after the delay time elapses, and checking allocation information received from the manager node to set a dedicated slot for battery data transmission.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of allocating a time slot to each monitor node joining a short-range wireless network in a wireless battery management system, the method including the steps of: checking the number of monitor nodes joining the short-range wireless network; dividing transmission time slots allocated for data transmission by the number of monitor nodes to generate a plurality of dedicated time slots equal to the number of monitor nodes; allocating the generated plurality of dedicated time slots to the monitor nodes, respectively; and receiving battery data from the corresponding monitor node during the assigned dedicated time slot.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present disclosure are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a data frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a flowchart describing a method of allocating dedicated time slots of each monitor node in a wireless battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a flow chart describing a method of adjusting a dedicated time slot when a particular monitor node leaves a short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state of the short-range wireless network after the monitor node #4 is detached from the short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a diagram showing a data frame in which dedicated time slots are extended;
fig. 7 is a flow chart describing a method of adjusting a dedicated time slot when a new monitor node joins a short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a state of a short-range wireless network after a monitor node #5 joins the short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a diagram showing a data frame in which dedicated time slots are reduced;
fig. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a manager node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 11 is a flow diagram of a method of allocating dedicated time slots to monitor nodes by using a manager node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a flowchart describing a method of adjusting a dedicated slot based on a change in the number of monitor nodes by using a manager node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a monitor node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
fig. 14 is a flowchart describing a method of setting a communication Identification (ID) and a dedicated slot by using a monitor node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In the description, it should be noted that the same reference numerals, which have been used to denote the same elements in other drawings, will be used for the elements as much as possible. In the following description, a detailed description of functions and configurations known to those skilled in the art will be omitted when they do not relate to the basic configuration of the present disclosure. Terms described in the specification should be understood as follows.
Advantages and features of the present disclosure and methods of accomplishing the same will be set forth in the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the present disclosure is to be limited only by the scope of the claims.
The shapes, sizes, ratios, angles, and numbers of the embodiments disclosed in the drawings for describing the present disclosure are only examples, and thus the present disclosure is not limited to the details shown. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. In the following description, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known function or configuration may unnecessarily obscure the focus of the present disclosure, the detailed description will be omitted.
In the case of using "including", "having", and "including" described in this specification, another part may be added unless "only". Unless otherwise indicated to the contrary, singular terms may include the plural.
In explaining the elements, the elements should be construed as including error ranges even if not explicitly described.
In describing temporal relationships, for example, when temporal sequences are described as being "after", "then", "next to" and "before", it is possible to include the case of discontinuities unless "only" or "directly" is used.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
The term "at least one" should be understood to include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the meaning of "at least one of the first item, the second item, and the third item" means a combination of all items set forth from two or more of the first item, the second item, and the third item, and the first item, the second item, or the third item.
The features of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be coupled to or combined with each other, in part or in whole, and may interoperate with each other and be technically driven in various ways, as will be well understood by those skilled in the art. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed independently of each other, or may be performed together in an interdependent relationship.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, a wireless battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a manager node 100 and a plurality of monitor nodes 200-N, and the manager node 100 and each monitor node 200-N may perform wireless communication therebetween.
In the wireless battery management system according to an embodiment, the manager node 100 may include a controller set as a master device, and each of the monitor nodes 200-N may include a controller set as a slave device.
In one embodiment, the manager node 100 and each monitor node 200-N may perform wireless communication therebetween according to an IEEE802.15.4+ based short-range wireless communication protocol. In another embodiment, the manager node 100 and each monitor node 200-N may perform wireless communication therebetween according to a protocol based on one of IEEE 802.11, IEEE802.15, and IEEE802.15.4, or may perform wireless communication therebetween according to a short-range wireless protocol based on another scheme.
Each monitor node 200-N may be equipped in one or more battery modules, each battery module including a set of battery cells, and may collect battery data including voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and the like occurring in the battery module. Further, each monitor node 200-N may autonomously check the state of the battery module equipped with the corresponding monitor node by measuring an Analog Front End (AFE) of the battery module and checking the state of the battery module (i.e., diagnostic test), thereby generating self-diagnostic data (self-diagnosis data) including the check result.
The manager node 100 may receive battery data including one or more of current, voltage, temperature, and self-diagnostic data from each monitor node 200-N, and may analyze the received battery data to monitor the status of each battery module or the status of the battery pack. The manager node 100 may analyze the data received from each monitor node 200-N for each battery module to estimate the state (e.g., state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH)) of each battery module and the overall state of the battery pack.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the manager node 100 may form a short-range wireless network for battery management. Further, the manager node 100 may check the number of the monitor nodes 200-N joining the short range wireless network, and may equally divide the transmission slots (see the transmission slots of fig. 2) by the number of the monitor nodes 200-N to generate one or more dedicated slots. The transmission time slot may be a period allocated for data transmission of a plurality of monitor nodes, and the dedicated time slot may be a period allocated to one monitor node and usable only by a single monitor node. Further, the short-range wireless network may be a personal network formed based on the manager node 100, and the monitor node 200-N joining the short-range wireless network may perform short-range wireless communication with the manager node 100. The number of monitor nodes 200-N joining the short-range wireless network may be the same as the number of monitor nodes 200-N that are performing short-range wireless communication with the manager node 100.
The manager node 100 may assign a dedicated time slot and a communication Identification (ID) to each monitor node 200-N. The communication ID may be identification information only for a short-range wireless network, and may be managed by the manager node 100. The manager node 100 may communicate with the monitor node 200-N by using data frames having a predefined format.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a data frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 2, a data frame for wireless communication according to the present disclosure may include a plurality of slots including a manager slot and a transmission slot, and the data frame may have a specific time length Tms. The predetermined time interval may be allocated to the manager slot and the transmission slot of the data frame, and the arrangement order of the manager slot and the transmission slot may be constant. In the data frame, the manager slot arranged first may be a dedicated slot for the manager node 100, and may include a beacon.
The beacon may perform the function of informing the start of the data frame and may thus synchronize the slot timing. The manager node 100 may continuously transmit beacons at certain periodic intervals. Each of the monitor nodes 200-N may identify a start time of a data frame based on a beacon, and may extract a manager slot and a transmission slot, each having a pre-allocated time, from the data frame based on the beacon.
The manager slots in the data frame may be slots of the manager node 100 for controlling the monitor node 200-N. During the manager time slot, assignment information including a communication ID and dedicated time slot information may be sent to monitor node 200-N.
The transmit time slot may be a time slot for transmitting battery data and may be divided into a plurality of dedicated time slots to be assigned to monitor nodes 200-N, respectively. The transmission slots may be equally divided into a number of slots equal to the number of monitor nodes joining the short-range wireless network that communicate with the current manager node, and the divided transmission slots (i.e., dedicated slots) may be allocated for a particular monitor node 200-N. In fig. 2, it is shown that a transmission slot may be divided into four periods, in which case, M1 may be monitor node #1200-1, M2 may be monitor node #2200-2, M3 may be monitor node #3200-3, and M4 may be monitor node # 4200-4.
Information on each slot included in the data frame may be previously stored in each of the monitor node 200-N and the manager node 100. For example, in the process of releasing a product, the slot length of the data frame, the length of the manager slot, and the length of the transmission slot may be stored in each of the monitor node 200-N and the manager node 100 in advance.
Upon receiving the message and the identification information from the manager node 100 issuing the request to join the network, the monitor node 200-N may provide its own identification information (e.g., a Media Access Control (MAC) address) in response thereto, thereby joining the short-range wireless network. At this time, the monitor node 200-N may substitute its own identification information (e.g., MAC address) as a seed into the random number generator to generate a delay time different from another monitor node 200-N, and when the delay time elapses, the monitor node 200-N may provide the identification information to the manager node 100, thereby joining the short-range wireless network. Further, when the monitor node 200-N receives the allocation information including the communication ID and the dedicated slot information, the monitor node 200-N may set the communication ID to its ID and may set a period corresponding to the dedicated slot information as a dedicated slot for transmitting the battery data. Monitor node 200-N may collect sensed information (e.g., temperature, humidity, voltage, current, etc.) about one or more battery modules equipped with monitor node 200-N and one or more pieces of battery data included in diagnostic test results, and may report the collected battery data to manager node 100 during dedicated time slots.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart describing a method of allocating dedicated time slots of each monitor node in a wireless battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the embodiment of fig. 3, an example of initially forming a short-range wireless network will be described.
Referring to fig. 3, when power is turned on or an input for forming a network is received, the manager node 100 may broadcast a message requesting identification information based on short-range wireless communication to allow the peripheral monitor node 200-N to join a short-range wireless network in operations S301, S303, S305, and S307. The manager node 100 may send the message during the manager slot of the data frame.
In operations S309, S311, S313, and S315, the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, the monitor node #3200-3, and the monitor node #4200-4 may input their own identification information as seeds to the random number generator to generate different delay times, respectively. The random number generator may be implemented such that when identification information (e.g., a MAC address) on the monitor node 200-N is input thereto, an arbitrary time (i.e., a delay time) of the total period of the transmission slot is output. For example, in the case where the time length of the transmission period is 80ms, when identification information on the monitor node 200-N is input, as a result, the random number generator may output one of the natural numbers 1 to 80, and the monitor node 200-N may use the result output from the random number generator as the delay time. Further, a plurality of monitor nodes 200-N may be selected and applied to the wireless battery management system such that the result values (i.e., delay times) of the random number generators do not overlap with each other. That is, each monitor node 200-N applied to embodiments of the present disclosure may have identification information (e.g., MAC address) in which result values of the random number generator do not overlap. Thus, the monitor nodes 200-N may each input their own identification information to the random number generator to generate different delay times.
Each of the monitor nodes 200-N may not input all of the identification information as a seed to the random number generator, and may input only a portion of the identification information as a seed to the random number generator to generate the delay time. For example, the monitor node 200-N may input some bits (e.g., 8 bits) corresponding to a previous portion of the total MAC address as the identification information, some bits (e.g., 8 bits) corresponding to a latter portion of the total MAC address, or some bits corresponding to a middle portion of the total MAC address as a seed to the random number generator, thereby generating the delay time. When a portion of the identification information is used as a seed, the monitor node 200-N may be selected such that portions of the identification information do not overlap, and the monitor node 200-N may be added to the wireless battery management system.
The reason why the monitor node 200-N generates different delay times is that, in a state in which a dedicated time slot has not been allocated to each of the monitor nodes 200-N, when the monitor node 200-N simultaneously transmits responses to the manager node 100, a response collision therebetween may occur. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, to prevent response collisions (i.e., transmission collisions) between monitor nodes 200-N, monitor nodes 200-N may generate different delay times. To provide a description with reference to fig. 3, it is described that the delay time is extended in the order of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, the monitor node #3200-3 and the monitor node # 4200-4.
When the generated delay time elapses, each of the monitor nodes 200-N may transmit a response including its own identification information (e.g., MAC address) to the manager node 100 in operations S317, S319, S321, and S323. The response may indicate that each of the monitor nodes 200-N joined the short-range wireless network formed by the manager node 100. In fig. 3, since the delay time is extended in the order of monitor node #1200-1, monitor node #2200-2, monitor node #3200-3 and monitor node #4200-4, the response may be transmitted to the manager node 100 in the order of monitor node #1200-1, monitor node #2200-2, monitor node #3200-3 and monitor node #4200-4, thereby preventing transmission collision between monitor nodes 200-N.
Subsequently, the manager node 100 may check the number of responses received from the monitor node 200-N and the order of the responses of the monitor node 200-N in operation S325. The manager node 100 may check the number of monitor nodes 200-N joining the short-range wireless network based on the number of responses received. Subsequently, the manager node 100 may equally divide the transmission slots allocated to the data frame into slots equal to the number of responses (i.e., the number of monitor nodes) to generate a plurality of dedicated slots for the monitor nodes 200-N in operation S327.
Subsequently, the manager node 100 may respectively allocate a plurality of dedicated time slots to the monitor node 200-N such that a time order (i.e., a permutation order) of the plurality of dedicated time slots matches a response time order of the monitor node 200-N in operation S329. Further, the manager node 100 may assign a communication ID having a small number or character string to each of the monitor nodes 200-N in order of an early response to a late response. To describe one example with reference to fig. 2, the manager node 100 may divide a transmission slot into four slots, allocate a dedicated slot M1 of a first period to the monitor node #1200-1 that responds first, and allocate a number "1" as a communication ID to the monitor node # 1200-1. The manager node 100 may allocate the dedicated time slot M2 of the second period to the monitor node #2200-2 of the second response, and may allocate the number "2" as the communication ID to the monitor node # 2200-2. Further, the manager node 100 may allocate a dedicated time slot M3 of a third period to the monitor node #3200-3 of the third response, and may allocate a number "3" as a communication ID to the monitor node # 3200-3. Further, the manager node 100 may allocate a dedicated time slot M4 of a fourth period to the monitor node #4200-4 that responds latest, and may allocate a number "4" as a communication ID to the monitor node # 4200-4.
The manager node 100 may map identification information about the monitor node 200-N, an assigned communication ID, and a response order, and may record the mapped data in a join list. Further, in operations S331, S333, S335, and S337, the manager node 100 may transmit allocation information including dedicated slot information and a communication ID to the corresponding monitor node 200-N during the manager slot. The manager node 100 may add a start point and an end point of the dedicated slot allocated to the corresponding monitor node 200-N to the dedicated slot information, or may add a division number and an allocation position (e.g., nth position) of the transmission slot to the dedicated slot information.
Subsequently, the monitor node 200-N may check the communication ID and the dedicated slot information in the allocation information received from the manager node 100 and then may set the communication ID to its own ID and may set a period corresponding to the dedicated slot information of the total period of the transmission slots to its own dedicated slot in operations S339, S341, S343, and S345. When the dedicated slot information includes the start point and the end point, the monitor node 200-N may set a period of the total period of the transmission slots corresponding to the start point and the end point as its own dedicated slot. In another embodiment, when the dedicated slot information includes the divided number of transmission slots and the allocation position, the monitor node 200-N may equally divide the transmission slots into periods equal to the divided number, and then, may set a period corresponding to the allocation position among the divided periods as its own dedicated slot.
Subsequently, in operations S347, S349, S351, and S353, the monitor node 200-N may obtain battery data from the battery module connected thereto, and may transmit the obtained battery data to the manager node 100 during the set dedicated time slot. To describe one example with reference to fig. 2, monitor node #1200-1 may transmit battery data to the manager node 100 during the M1 time slot, monitor node #2200-2 may transmit battery data to the manager node 100 during the M2 time slot, monitor node #3200-3 may transmit battery data to the manager node 100 during the M3 time slot, and monitor node #4200-4 may transmit battery data to the manager node 100 during the M4 time slot. Each of the monitor nodes 200-N may transmit the communication ID and the battery data assigned thereto to the manager node 100.
Then, the manager node 100 may store the battery data sequentially received from each monitor node 200-N, and may analyze the battery data to monitor the status of each battery module.
One or more of the monitor nodes 200-N joining the short-range wireless network formed by the manager node 100 may be detached (default) from the short-range wireless network. In this case, the manager node 100 may adjust the dedicated time slot such that a dedicated time slot having a longer length is allocated to the monitor node 200-N continuing to join the short-range wireless network.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart describing a method of adjusting a dedicated time slot when a particular monitor node leaves a short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state of the short-range wireless network after the monitor node #4 leaves the short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, when it is determined that the monitor node #4200-4 exits (withdraw) the short-range wireless network, the monitor node #4200-4 may transmit an exit notification message including a communication ID to the manager node 100 in operation S401. When the monitor node #4200-4 is removed from the battery management system or replaced with another monitor node, the monitor node #4200-4 may transmit an exit notification message to the manager node 100. Further, the monitor node #4200-4 may send an exit notification message to the manager node 100 during the dedicated time slot M4. When the monitor node #4200-4 receives an Acknowledgement (ACK) corresponding to the exit notification message from the manager node 100, the monitor node #4200-4 may disconnect the short-range wireless communication connection with the manager node 100 and may no longer transmit the battery data to the manager node 100.
Based on the communication ID included in the exit notification message, the manager node 100 may identify that the monitor node #4200-4 exits from the short-range wireless network, and may remove data mapped to the communication ID from the join list, thereby updating the join list. In fig. 4, it is shown that the identification information, communication ID, and response order of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, and the monitor node #3200-3 are recorded in the updated join list.
Subsequently, when the joining list is updated, the manager node 100 may recheck the number of monitor nodes in the joining list to check the number of monitor nodes currently joining the short-range wireless network in operation S403. Subsequently, the manager node 100 may adjust the dedicated time slot such that a period of the dedicated time slot allocated to the monitor node #4200-4 is divided into the dedicated time slot of each of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, and the monitor node #3200-3, and thus, the dedicated time slot of each of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, and the monitor node #3200-3 is extended. Further, the manager node 100 may reallocate the adjusted dedicated time slot to each of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, and the monitor node #3200-3 in operation S405. That is, the manager node 100 may initialize the transmission slot to a pre-division state, and may divide the initialized transmission slot into a period equal to the number of rechecked monitor nodes (e.g., three) to generate a plurality of dedicated slots. Further, the manager node 100 may allocate the divided dedicated time slots to each of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, and the monitor node #3200-3 such that the response order recorded in the join list matches the time order of the divided dedicated time slots.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a data frame in which dedicated slots have been extended.
In fig. 6, the monitor node #4200-4 exits from the short range wireless network, and thus, transmission slots are divided into dedicated slots M1, M2, and M3 of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, and the monitor node # 3200-3. Comparing the data frame of fig. 6 with the data frame of fig. 2, the dedicated slots M1, M2, and M3 included in the data frame of fig. 6 are in an extended state compared to the dedicated slots M1, M2, and M3 of fig. 2.
When the re-allocation of the dedicated slot is completed, the manager node 100 may transmit re-allocation information including information on the re-allocated dedicated slot to the corresponding monitor node 200-N in operations S407, S409, and S411. The manager node 100 may add the start point and the end point of the reallocated dedicated slot to the dedicated slot information, or may add the division number of the reallocated transmission slot and the position (e.g., nth position) of the reallocated dedicated slot to the dedicated slot information.
Then, each monitor node 200-N may check the dedicated slot information in the reallocation information and may reset a period of the transmission slot corresponding to the dedicated slot information to its own dedicated slot in operations S413, S415, and S417. Subsequently, each monitor node 200-N may obtain battery data from the battery module connected thereto and may transmit the obtained battery data and the communication ID to the manager node 100 during the reset dedicated time slot in operations S419, S421, and S423.
Subsequently, the manager node 100 may store the battery data sequentially received from each monitor node 200-N, and may analyze the battery data to monitor the status of each battery module.
One or more new monitor nodes may join the short-range wireless network formed by the manager node 100. In this case, the manager node 100 may adjust the dedicated time slot of each of the monitor nodes 200-N currently joined thereto, thereby allocating the dedicated time slot to a new monitor node.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart describing a method of adjusting a dedicated time slot when a new monitor node joins a short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a state of the short-range wireless network after the monitor node #5 joins the short-range wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 illustrates a method performed after the process of fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the monitor node # 5200-5 may transmit a join notification message including identification information (e.g., MAC address) of itself to the manager node 100 in operation S701. At this time, the monitor node # 5200-5 may transmit a join notification message to the manager node 100 when no data collision occurs, based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). In the case where a new battery module is additionally provided and monitor node # 5200-5 is equipped in the new battery module, monitor node # 5200-5 may send a join notification message to manager node 100.
Subsequently, when the monitor node # 5200-5 newly joins the short-range wireless network, the manager node 100 may assign a communication ID of the monitor node # 5200-5 and may set the response order of the monitor node # 5200-5 to the last response order. Further, the manager node 100 may map the communication ID, the identification information, and the set response order of the monitor node # 5200-5, and may newly store the mapped data in the join list.
When the joining list is updated, the manager node 100 may recheck the number of monitor nodes joining the short-range wireless network in operation S703. Subsequently, in order to allocate a dedicated slot to the newly joined monitor node # 5200-5, the manager node 100 may adjust the slot such that the dedicated slot of each of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, the monitor node #3200-3 and the monitor node #4200-4 is reduced, and the dedicated slot of the monitor node # 5200-5 may be newly allocated, in operation S705. That is, the manager node 100 may initialize the transmission slot to a pre-division state, and may divide the initialized transmission slot into a period equal to the number of rechecked monitor nodes (e.g., five) to generate a plurality of dedicated slots. Further, the manager node 100 may allocate the divided dedicated time slots to each of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, the monitor node #3200-3, the monitor node #4200-4 and the monitor node # 5200-5 such that the order of responses recorded in the join list matches the time order of the divided dedicated time slots.
Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a data frame in which dedicated slots are reduced.
In fig. 9, when the monitor node # 5200-5 newly joins, the transmission slot is divided into dedicated slots of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, the monitor node #3200-3, the monitor node #4200-4, and the monitor node # 5200-5. Comparing the data frame of fig. 9 with the data frame of fig. 2, the dedicated slots M1, M2, M3, and M4 included in the data frame of fig. 9 are in a reduced state compared to the dedicated slots M1, M2, M3, and M4 of fig. 2.
When the re-allocation of the dedicated slot is completed, the manager node 100 may transmit re-allocation information including information on the re-allocated dedicated slot to each of the corresponding monitor node #1200-1, monitor node #2200-2, monitor node #3200-3 and monitor node #4200-4 in operations S707, S709, S711 and S713. Further, the manager node 100 may transmit allocation information including the communication ID of the monitor node # 5200-5 and the dedicated slot information to the monitor node # 5200-5 in operation S715. The manager node 100 may send reallocation information or allocation information to the corresponding monitor node during the manager slot.
Then, each of the monitor node #1200-1, the monitor node #2200-2, the monitor node #3200-3 and the monitor node #4200-4 may check the dedicated slot information in the reallocation information thus received, and may reset a period corresponding to the dedicated slot information of the total period of the transmission slots to its own dedicated slot in operations S717, S719, S721 and S723. Further, in operation S725, the monitor node # 5200-5 may check the communication ID and the dedicated slot information in the allocation information received from the manager node 100, set the communication ID to its own ID, and set a period of the transmission slot corresponding to the dedicated slot information to the dedicated slot of the monitor node # 5200-5.
Subsequently, each monitor node 200-N may obtain the battery data and may transmit the obtained battery data and the communication ID to the manager node 100 during its own dedicated time slot in operations S727, S729, S731, S733, and S735.
Subsequently, the manager node 100 may store the battery data sequentially received from each monitor node 200-N, and may analyze the battery data to monitor the status of each battery module.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of the manager node 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 10, a manager node 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a wireless communication unit 110, a manager storage unit 120, and a manager controller 130.
The wireless communication unit 110 may include a Radio Frequency (RF) circuit for performing short-range wireless communication. Further, the wireless communication unit 110 may broadcast a beacon at a specific time period. Further, the wireless communication unit 110 may form a short-range wireless network with one or more monitor nodes 200-N. The wireless communication unit 110 may send messages or data to the monitor node 200-N during the manager time slot. Further, wireless communication unit 110 may receive battery data from each monitor node 200-N during a transmit time slot.
The manager storage unit 120 may be a storage means such as a disk device or a memory, and may store various programs and data for operating the manager node 100. The manager storage unit 120 may store a program (or a set of instructions) for performing the operations of the manager node 100. The manager node 120 may store a join list in which the communication ID, the identification information (e.g., MAC address), and the response order of the identification information of each of the monitor nodes 200-N are mapped. In addition, manager storage unit 120 may store battery data received from each monitor node 200-N.
A manager controller 130 (an operation processing device such as a microprocessor) may control the overall operation of the manager node 100 and may generate data for controlling the monitor nodes 200-N. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the manager controller 130 may store data associated with a program (or a set of instructions) stored in the manager storage unit 120 in a memory, and may perform an operation of allocating and adjusting a dedicated slot.
Manager controller 130 may obtain battery data for each monitor node 200-N by using wireless communication unit 110, and may analyze the battery data to check the status of the battery modules including monitor node 200-N. Further, the manager controller 130 may analyze the battery data as a whole to check the state of the battery pack, and may control charging and discharging based thereon.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the manager controller 130 may count the number of monitor nodes 200-N joining the short-range wireless network and may divide the transmission slot into periods equal to the number of monitor nodes 200-N to generate dedicated slots equal to the number of monitor nodes 200-N. At this time, the manager controller 130 may broadcast a message for requesting identification information and for issuing a request for joining a short-range wireless network, and may count the number of monitor nodes 200-N responding to the message, thereby checking the number of monitor nodes 200-N joining the short-range wireless network. The manager node 100 may allocate each dedicated time slot to the monitor node 200-N such that the time order (i.e., the arrangement order) of the generated one or more dedicated time slots matches the response order of the monitor node 200-N, and may allocate a communication ID having a small number or character string to the monitor node 200-N in the order of an early response to a late response. Further, when the number of the monitor nodes 200-N joining the short range wireless network is changed, the manager controller 130 may adjust the length of each of the previously allocated dedicated slots, and may reallocate the length-adjusted dedicated slots to each of the monitor nodes 200-N.
Fig. 11 is a flowchart of a method of allocating dedicated time slots to a monitor node by using a manager node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 11, when a network is initially set, the manager controller 130 may broadcast a message for issuing a request to join the network and for requesting identification information by using the wireless communication unit 110 and may start counting time in operations S1101 and S1103. The manager controller 130 may add an ID of the short-range wireless network formed by the manager node 100 to the message and may broadcast the message. The ID of the short-range wireless network may be set in the course of issuing a product and may be stored in the manager storage unit 120. Further, the manager node 100 may broadcast the message during the manager slot.
Subsequently, the manager controller 130 may monitor whether the wireless communication unit 110 receives a join response from the monitor node 200-N in operation S1105. When receiving the join response, the manager controller 130 may check the join response order and the identification information (e.g., MAC address) of the corresponding monitor node 200-N, and may assign a communication ID of the monitor node 200-N in S1107. Further, the manager controller 130 may map the assigned communication ID, response order, and identification information about the monitor node 200-N, and may record the mapped data in the join list.
The manager controller 130 may check whether the counted time reaches a predetermined expiration time, and when the counted time does not reach the predetermined expiration time (no) in operation S1109, the manager controller 130 may perform operation S1105 again to wait for the reception of a (stand by) response.
On the other hand, when the time counted in operation S1109 reaches a predetermined expiration time (yes), the manager controller 130 may check the number of monitor nodes recorded in the joining list, and may divide the transmission slot into a period equal to the number of monitor nodes to generate a dedicated slot equal to the number of monitor nodes. Subsequently, the manager controller 130 may assign each dedicated time slot to the monitor node 200-N such that the temporal order of the generated dedicated time slots matches the response order of the monitor node 200-N. Further, the manager controller 130 may generate allocation information including dedicated slot information and a communication ID for each monitor node 200-N, and may transmit the allocation information to the corresponding monitor node 200-N by using the wireless communication unit 110 in operation S1115. At this time, the manager controller 130 may add a start point and an end point of the dedicated slot to the dedicated slot information, or may add the division number and allocation position (e.g., nth position) of the transmission slot to the dedicated slot information.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart describing a method of adjusting a dedicated slot based on a change in the number of monitor nodes by using a manager node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 12, the wireless communication unit 110 may receive a join request message or an exit notification message from the monitor node 200-N in operation S1201. Subsequently, in operation S1203, manager controller 130 may identify that a new monitor node 200-N joined the network or that a previous monitor node 200-N exited the network, and may update the join list. In detail, when the wireless communication unit 110 receives the logout notification message, the manager controller 130 may check the communication ID in the logout notification message, and may delete data mapped to the communication ID from the join list. Further, when the wireless communication unit 110 receives the join request message, the manager controller 130 may check identification information about the new monitor node 200-N in the join request message, and may assign a communication ID of the new monitor node 200-N. Further, the manager controller 130 may set the response order of the new monitor node 200-N to the last, and then may map the identification information, the communication ID, and the response order of the new monitor node 200-N, and may newly store the mapped data in the join list.
When the joining list is updated, the manager controller 130 may check the number of changed monitor nodes in the joining list in operation S1205. Subsequently, the manager controller 130 may initialize the transmission slot to a pre-division state in operation S1207, and the manager controller 130 may re-divide the initialized transmission slot into periods equal to the number of checked monitor nodes to regenerate a dedicated slot in operation S1209.
Further, the manager controller 130 may reallocate the generated dedicated time slots to each of the monitor nodes 200-N such that the order of responses recorded in the joining list matches the temporal order (arrangement order) of the generated dedicated time slots in operation S1211. Subsequently, the manager controller 130 may generate reallocation information including information on the reallocated dedicated slot of each monitor node 200-N, and may transmit the reallocation information to the corresponding monitor node 200-N by using the wireless communication unit 110 in operation S1213. At this time, the manager controller 130 may transmit the reallocation information to the monitor node 200-N during the manager slot. Further, the manager controller 130 may add a start point and an end point of the reallocated dedicated slot to the dedicated slot information, or may add the division number and allocation position (e.g., nth position) of the transmission slot to the dedicated slot information.
Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of a monitor node 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 13, a manager node 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a wireless communication unit 210, a monitor storage unit 220, an interface 230, and a monitor controller 240.
The wireless communication unit 210 may perform short-range wireless communication with the manager node 100. The wireless communication unit 210 may receive data from the manager node 100 during the manager time slot and may transmit battery data to the manager node 100 during the dedicated time slot of the monitor node 200.
The monitor storage unit 220 may be a storage device such as a disk device or a memory, and may store various programs and data for operating the monitor node 200. In particular, monitor storage unit 220 may store a program (or set of instructions) for performing the operations of monitor node 200. Further, monitor node 220 may store a network list having recorded therein one or more pieces of short-range wireless network identification information accessible to monitor node 200.
The interface 230 may be an element that supports communication connection with the battery module 10 equipped with the monitor node 200, and may use a bus cable or a cable, or the like, or may use CAN communication. Monitor node 200 may obtain battery data generated in battery module 10 via interface 230.
A monitor controller 240 (an operation processing device such as a microprocessor) may control the overall operation of monitor node 200. The monitor controller 240 may store data associated with a program (or a set of instructions) stored in the monitor storage unit 220 in a memory, and then, may transmit a response message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to the manager node 100, and may set a dedicated slot and a communication ID.
When the wireless communication unit 210 receives the join request message from the manager node 100, the monitor controller 240 may input a part or all of the identification information about the monitor node to the random number generator to generate a delay time different from other monitor nodes, and after the delay time elapses, the monitor controller 240 may transmit a join response to the manager node 100 by using the wireless communication unit 210. The monitor controller 240 may obtain various data of the battery module 10, such as temperature, current, humidity, and voltage, through the interface 230, and may perform diagnostic tests of the battery module 10, such as Analog Front End (AFE) measurement and status test (i.e., diagnostic test). Further, the monitor controller 240 may set a dedicated slot and a communication ID of the monitor node 200 based on the allocation information received from the manager node 100. The monitor controller 240 may control the wireless communication unit 210 to transmit battery data including one or more of voltage, current, humidity, temperature, and diagnostic test data to the manager node 100 during the set dedicated time slot.
Fig. 14 is a flowchart describing a method of setting a communication ID and a dedicated slot by using a monitor node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 14, the wireless communication unit 210 of the monitor node 200 may receive a message including a short-range wireless network ID, request identification information, and issue a request to join a network from the manager node 100 in operation S1401.
Subsequently, the monitor controller 240 may compare the short-range wireless network ID with the IDs of the network list of the monitor storage unit 220 to determine whether the short-range wireless network formed by the manager node 100 is a joinable network. That is, the monitor controller 240 may check whether the short range wireless network ID is recorded in the network list. When the short-range wireless network ID is not recorded in the network list, the monitor controller 240 may determine that the short-range wireless network formed by the manager node 100 cannot be joined, and may not transmit a response message to the manager node 100.
On the other hand, when the short-range wireless network ID is included in the network list, the monitor controller 240 may start a process of joining the short-range wireless network. First, in operation S1403, the monitor controller 240 may input a part or all of identification information (e.g., a MAC address) about the monitor node 200 as a seed to the random number generator to generate a delay time different from that of another monitor node 200. Subsequently, in operation S1405, the monitor controller 240 may count the delay time, and when the delay time elapses (yes) in operation S1407, the monitor controller 240 may check whether the state of the channel formed by the manager node 100 is a busy state or an idle state by using the wireless communication unit 210 in operation S1409. The channel state may be unstable due to a short delay time difference between the delay time of the monitor node 200 and the delay time of the other monitor nodes or may be unstable due to the surrounding environment, and thus, the monitor controller 240 may check the channel state corresponding to the manager node 100. The monitor controller 240 may check whether the channel status is an idle status or a busy status based on a Clear Channel Allocation (CCA) mode. That is, the monitor controller 240 may perform an operation of detecting energy of the channel by using the wireless communication unit 210, and when the energy detection result value is greater than a predetermined threshold, the monitor controller 240 may determine that the channel state is a busy state. Further, when the energy detection result value is equal to or less than the predetermined threshold value, the monitor controller 240 may determine that the channel state is an idle state. Further, the monitor controller 240 may perform a carrier sensing operation by using the wireless communication unit 210, and then, when a carrier equal to or greater than a reference level is detected, the monitor controller 240 may determine that the channel state is a busy state, and otherwise, the monitor controller 240 may determine that the channel state is an idle state.
When the channel is in an idle state (yes) in operation S1411, the monitor controller 240 may generate a join response message including identification information on the monitor node 200 and may transmit the join response message to the manager node 100 by using the wireless communication unit 210 in operation S1413.
Subsequently, after transmitting the join response message, the wireless communication unit 210 may receive the allocation information from the manager node 100, and the monitor controller 240 may check the dedicated slot information and the communication ID in the allocation information in operation S1415. Further, in operation S1417, the monitor controller 240 may set the checked communication ID as the communication ID of the monitor node 200, and may set a period corresponding to the dedicated slot information of the total period of the transmission slots as the dedicated slot of the monitor node 200. When the dedicated slot information includes the start point and the end point, the monitor controller 240 may set a period of the total period of the transmission slots corresponding to the start point and the end point as the dedicated slot of the monitor node 200. In another embodiment, when the dedicated slot information includes the division number and the allocation position of the transmission slot, the monitor controller 240 may divide the transmission slot based on the division number and may set a period corresponding to the allocation position among the divided periods as the dedicated slot of the monitor node 200.
The monitor controller 240 may collect battery data including one or more of temperature, voltage, current, humidity, and diagnostic test data of the battery module 10 by using the interface 230, and may transmit the collected battery data and communication ID to the manager node 100 during the set dedicated time slot by using the wireless communication unit 210.
When the channel state is a busy state in operation S1411, the monitor controller 240 may generate a random time and may count the random time, and then, when the random time elapses, the monitor controller 240 may perform a process of rechecking the channel state in operation S1419. The random time may be any time randomly selected within a predetermined time range (e.g., 1ms to 10 ms).
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of dedicated slots may be generated by dividing a transmission slot based on the number of monitor nodes, and each dedicated slot may be individually allocated to a corresponding monitor node, thereby preventing wireless channel contention between the monitor nodes.
Further, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the number of monitor nodes is changed, dedicated slots included in a transmission slot may be dynamically adjusted based on the changed number of monitor nodes, and thus, the dedicated slots may be effectively used and a wireless battery management system may be easily extended.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when a monitor node receives a join request from a manager node, the monitor node may generate a delay time different from other monitor nodes and may provide a response to the manager node when the corresponding delay time elapses, thereby preventing a transmission collision from occurring in the response process.
The above-described features, structures, and effects of the present disclosure are included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, but are not limited to only one embodiment. Further, the features, structures, and effects described in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure may be achieved by a person skilled in the art through combination or modification of other embodiments. Therefore, the matters associated with the combination and modification should be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure.
All disclosed methods and processes described in this disclosure may be implemented, at least in part, using one or more computer programs or components. These components may be provided as a series of computer instructions on any conventional computer-readable or machine-readable medium including volatile and non-volatile memory such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks, optical storage, or other storage media. The instructions may be provided as software or firmware and may be implemented in whole or in part in hardware components such as ASICs, FPGAs, DSPs, or any other similar devices. The instructions may be configured to be executed by one or more processors or other hardware components that, when executing a series of computer instructions, perform or facilitate performance of all or portions of the disclosed methods and processes.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Cross Reference to Related Applications
The present application claims the benefits of korean patent application No.10-2019-0095219, filed on 5.8.2019, and korean patent application No.10-2020-0081775, filed on 2.7.2020, which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.

Claims (19)

1. A wireless battery management system, the wireless battery management system comprising:
a manager node which checks the number of monitor nodes joining a short-range wireless network for battery management, divides a transmission slot allocated for data transmission by the number of monitor nodes to generate a plurality of dedicated slots, and allocates the plurality of dedicated slots to the monitor nodes, respectively; and
a monitor node that collects battery data and transmits the collected battery data to the manager node during the assigned dedicated time slot.
2. The wireless battery management system of claim 1, wherein the manager node broadcasts a message that issues a request to join the short-range wireless network, and the plurality of dedicated time slots are respectively allocated to the monitor nodes in a response order corresponding to the message.
3. The wireless battery management system of claim 2, wherein the monitor node generates a different delay time than another monitor node, and after the generated delay time has elapsed, the monitor node sends a response corresponding to the message to the manager node.
4. The wireless battery management system of claim 1, wherein when the number of monitor nodes joining the short-range wireless network changes, the manager node adjusts the dedicated time slot to expand or reduce the dedicated time slot based on the changed number of monitor nodes and reallocates the adjusted dedicated time slot to the monitor node.
5. The wireless battery management system of claim 4,
when the number of monitor nodes increases, the manager node decreases the dedicated time slot, and
the manager node extends the dedicated time slot when the number of monitor nodes decreases.
6. The wireless battery management system of claim 1,
the monitor node sends the battery data to the manager node, the battery data including one or more of temperature, current, voltage, and diagnostic test data for a battery module.
7. A manager node, the manager node comprising:
a wireless communication unit forming a short-range wireless network with a plurality of monitor nodes; and
a manager controller dividing transmission slots allocated for data transmission by the number of the monitor nodes to generate a plurality of dedicated slots, respectively allocating the plurality of dedicated slots to the monitor nodes, and transmitting information on the allocated dedicated slots to corresponding monitor nodes by using the wireless communication unit.
8. The manager node of claim 7,
the wireless communication unit broadcasts the following messages to each of the monitor nodes: the message issues a request to join the short-range wireless network, and
the manager controller counts the number of monitor nodes responding to the message to check the number of monitor nodes, and allocates the plurality of dedicated time slots to the monitor nodes, respectively, such that a time order of the plurality of dedicated time slots matches a response order in which responses are received from the monitor nodes.
9. The manager node of claim 8, wherein the manager controller assigns a communication identification ID to each of the monitor nodes, maps identification information, response order, and communication identification IDs of each monitor node, and records the mapped data in a join list.
10. The manager node of claim 7, wherein the manager controller adds a start point and an end point of a corresponding dedicated time slot to the information on the corresponding dedicated time slot.
11. The manager node of claim 7, wherein the manager controller adds the division number and allocation position of the transmission slot to the information on the corresponding dedicated slot.
12. The manager node of claim 7, wherein when the number of the monitor nodes joining the short range wireless network is changed, the manager controller re-divides the transmission slots based on the changed number of the monitor nodes to re-generate dedicated slots, re-allocates the re-generated dedicated slots to each monitor node, and transmits information on the re-allocated dedicated slots to each monitor node by using the wireless communication unit.
13. A monitor node, the monitor node comprising:
a wireless communication unit that receives the following messages from a manager node: the message issuing a request to join a short-range wireless network; and
a monitor controller generating a delay time, transmitting a join response to the manager node by using the wireless communication unit after the delay time elapses, and checking allocation information received from the manager node to set a dedicated slot for battery data transmission.
14. The monitor node of claim 13, further comprising an interface to connect to a battery module,
wherein the monitor controller collects battery data including one or more of voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and diagnostic test data of the battery module by using the interface, and controls the wireless communication unit to transmit the collected battery data to the manager node during the dedicated time slot.
15. The monitor node of claim 14, wherein the monitor controller checks a channel state corresponding to the manager node after the delay time has elapsed, and when the channel state is an idle state, the monitor controller controls the wireless communication unit to transmit the join response to the manager node.
16. The monitor node of claim 15,
the monitor controller generates a random time when the channel state is a busy state after the delay time elapses, and
after the random time has elapsed, the monitor controller rechecks the channel state, and when the channel state is an idle state, the monitor controller controls the wireless communication unit to transmit the join response to the manager node.
17. The monitor node of claim 13, wherein the monitor controller inputs identification information about the monitor node as a seed to a random number generator to generate the delay time.
18. A method of allocating a time slot to each monitor node joining a short-range wireless network in a wireless battery management system, the method comprising the steps of:
checking the number of monitor nodes joining the short-range wireless network;
dividing transmission slots allocated for data transmission by the number of monitor nodes to generate a plurality of dedicated slots equal to the number of monitor nodes; and
allocating the generated plurality of dedicated time slots to the monitor nodes, respectively; and
receiving battery data from a corresponding monitor node during the allocated dedicated time slot.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the steps of:
monitoring whether a number of the monitor nodes joining the short-range wireless network changes;
when the number of monitor nodes changes as a result of the monitoring step, repartitioning the transmission slots by the changed number of monitor nodes to regenerate dedicated slots; and
re-allocating the regenerated dedicated time slot to each of the monitor nodes joining the short-range wireless network.
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