CN112332784A - Low-noise high-gain direct current amplification integrating circuit for radiometer receiver - Google Patents
Low-noise high-gain direct current amplification integrating circuit for radiometer receiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN112332784A CN112332784A CN202011200328.XA CN202011200328A CN112332784A CN 112332784 A CN112332784 A CN 112332784A CN 202011200328 A CN202011200328 A CN 202011200328A CN 112332784 A CN112332784 A CN 112332784A
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- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/26—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-noise high-gain direct current amplification integral circuit for a radiometer receiver, which comprises: the high-gain amplification circuit is used for receiving an input voltage formed by millivolt-level voltage output by the radiometer receiver detector and carrying out direct-current amplification to obtain an amplified signal; and the integration circuit is used for integrating the amplified signal to obtain an output voltage. The high-gain amplification circuit comprises a first amplifier and a voltage stabilizing diode, wherein input voltage is input into the reverse input end of the first amplifier, and the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the same-direction input end of the first amplifier; the integrating circuit is an active RC filter comprising a second amplifier, the output end of the first amplifier is connected with the same-direction input end of the second amplifier, and the output voltage is output by the output end of the second amplifier. The highest gain of the low-noise direct-current amplifying circuit can reach 2000 times, the noise level introduced by the circuit is less than 1mV, and the low-noise direct-current amplifying circuit has extremely low gain drift, extremely high linearity and temperature stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of weak signal high-gain direct current amplification and integration, in particular to a low-noise high-gain direct current amplification and integration circuit for a radiometer receiver.
Background
The radiometer works by receiving microwave radiation signals of a measured object, and generally comprises an antenna and a receiver, wherein the antenna receives weak microwave radiation signals of a target, and the weak microwave radiation signals are processed by the receiver to finally output brightness temperature signals (direct current voltage signals, wherein the direct current voltage and the target brightness temperature are in a linear relation). The working principle of the radiometer is mainly based on the Planck blackbody radiation law, a receiver of the radiometer is generally in a full-power detection mode, a detector is designed inside the receiver, and the detector outputs a voltage signal which is in direct proportion to noise power. Considering that the detector needs to work in a linear region, the noise power of the input end of the detector is lower, the detection voltage is lower, the efficiency of the detector above an X frequency band is lower, and the detector can only output millivolt direct-current voltage generally.
In a radiometer system, a millivolt-level voltage output by a receiver detector needs to be subjected to high-gain amplification so as to be convenient for a back-end data processing system to identify and process, and a typical amplification factor can reach more than 1000 times. Because the amplitude of the signal to be amplified is only millivolt level and the amplification factor is large, the noise level introduced in the amplification process is required to be below millivolt level, and meanwhile, the amplification circuit has excellent linearity (the radiometer has extremely high requirement on the linearity), extremely low gain drift and extremely high temperature stability. The prior art has not been able to meet the above requirements at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-noise high-gain direct-current amplification integrating circuit for a radiometer receiver, which aims to solve the problem that an amplification circuit in the existing radiometer system cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of low noise, high linearity, extremely low gain drift and extremely high temperature stability in the amplification process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a low-noise high-gain dc amplification integrating circuit for a radiometer receiver, comprising:
the high-gain amplification circuit is used for receiving an input voltage formed by millivolt-level voltage output by the radiometer receiver detector and carrying out direct-current amplification to obtain an amplified signal;
and the integration circuit is used for performing integration processing on the amplified signal to obtain an output voltage.
Preferably, the high-gain amplification circuit comprises a first amplifier and a voltage stabilizing diode, the input voltage is input to the inverting input end of the first amplifier, and the voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the inverting input end of the first amplifier;
the integrating circuit is an active RC filter comprising a second amplifier, the output end of the first amplifier is connected with the same-direction input end of the second amplifier, and the output voltage is output by the output end of the second amplifier.
Preferably, the input voltage is connected in series to the inverting input terminal of the first amplifier through a first resistor.
Preferably, the output end of the first amplifier is connected to one end of a second resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the ground after being connected in series with a third resistor, and the feedback end of the first amplifier is connected to the other end of the second resistor.
Preferably, a bias voltage is provided at the same-direction input end of the first amplifier, and the bias voltage is obtained by dividing the first voltage by the zener diode.
Preferably, the same-direction input end of the first amplifier is connected to a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor which are connected in series in sequence, the first voltage acts on the sixth resistor, a common end between the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor is connected to the seventh resistor and then grounded, the common end between the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor is connected to the cathode of the zener diode, an adjustment end of the zener diode is connected to the common end between the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor and the seventh resistor, and the anode of the zener diode is grounded.
Preferably, the active RC filter is a balanced RC filter, the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier are respectively connected to a feedback resistor, the output terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second amplifier through a resistor, the resistances of the resistors configured in the active RC filter are the same, and the time constant of the active RC filter is equal to the product of the resistor R and the capacitor C.
Preferably, the amplification factor of the high-gain amplification circuit for performing dc amplification is any one value of 2000 or less.
Preferably, the range of the input voltage is-5 mV to 0mV, and the noise level introduced by the high-gain amplification circuit is less than 1 mV.
The invention adopts a two-stage cascade amplification mode, the first stage is high-gain amplification, the core device is a precision instrument amplifier, and a self-biased high-stability voltage stabilizing diode is used for generating reference voltage, thereby effectively ensuring the stability of output voltage in a high-gain state. The second stage is an integrator and is realized by an active filter with a core device formed by a low-noise low-offset operational amplifier. The maximum gain of the low-noise direct-current amplifying circuit can reach 2000 times, the noise level introduced by the circuit is extremely low, and the low-noise direct-current amplifying circuit has extremely low gain drift, extremely high linearity and extremely high temperature stability. Meanwhile, the circuit has the advantages of small volume, low cost and simple debugging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
While the embodiments of the present invention will be described and illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be further explained by taking specific embodiments as examples with reference to the drawings, and the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a low-noise high-gain dc amplification integrating circuit for a radiometer receiver, which includes two stages of circuits, respectively:
the high-gain amplification circuit 10 is used for receiving an input voltage formed by millivolt-level voltage output by the radiometer receiver detector and carrying out direct-current amplification to obtain an amplified signal;
and an integrating circuit 20 for integrating the amplified signal to obtain an output voltage.
The radiometer receiver is used for a satellite radiometer receiving system by using a low-noise high-gain direct current amplification integrating circuit, and has the function of carrying out integral amplification on detection voltage inside the radiometer receiver. The detection voltage is obtained by detecting the input noise power by a detector inside a radiometer receiver, the voltage amplitude is extremely small, and the detection voltage needs to be amplified to a proper amplitude by a low-noise direct-current amplification circuit. The circuit adopts a two-stage cascade amplification mode, wherein the first stage is high-gain amplification, the second stage is an integrator, and the circuit is realized by an active filter formed by a low-noise low-offset operational amplifier serving as a core device. When the high-gain amplifier circuit 10 amplifies an input voltage of millivolt level, the maximum amplification factor can reach 2000 times, and the noise level introduced by the amplifier circuit itself is extremely low. In specific implementation, the amplification factor can be set to any value below 2000 or 2000 as required.
In this embodiment, the millivolt input voltage of the high-gain amplifier circuit 10 is set to range from-5 mV to 0mV, and the noise level introduced by the high-gain amplifier circuit 10 itself is less than 1 mV.
Referring to fig. 2, the high gain amplification circuit 10 in the present embodiment includes a first amplifier, to the inverting input terminal of which an input voltage is input, and a zener diode connected to the inverting input terminal of the first amplifier; the integrating circuit 20 is an active RC filter including a second amplifier, and the output terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second amplifier, and the final output voltage is output from the output terminal of the second amplifier. The core device of the high-gain amplification circuit 10 is the first amplifier, the first amplifier is set as a precision instrument amplifier AD8230, different amplification times can be realized by adjusting the resistance of the feedback end, the maximum gain can reach 2000 times, and the precision instrument amplifier has extremely low gain drift, extremely high linearity and temperature stability. The model of the voltage stabilizing diode in the embodiment is a self-bias high-stability voltage stabilizing diode with LM 136-2.5. And the second amplifier adopts a low-noise low-offset operational amplifier (AD8638) which is matched with a resistor R (R12) and a capacitor C to form an active RC filter.
Referring further to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the input voltage of the high-gain amplifier circuit 10 is serially connected to the inverting input terminal of the first amplifier AD8230 through a first resistor R6, and the first resistor R6 may be 5.1k Ω. The output end of the first amplifier AD8230 is connected to one end of the second resistor R8, the other end of the second resistor R8 is connected in series with the third resistor R7 and then grounded, and the feedback end of the first amplifier AD8230 is connected to the other end of the second resistor R8 (i.e., the common end of the second resistor R8 and the third resistor R7). R8 and R7 are used as feedback resistors, and the circuit gain is as follows: 2 × (1+ R8/R7). In this embodiment, R7 is 200 Ω, R8 is 100k Ω, and the magnification is 1002 times
The same-direction input end of the first amplifier AD8230 in this embodiment is provided with a bias voltage, and the bias voltage is obtained by dividing a first voltage (i.e., +8V dc voltage) by a zener diode.
In addition, the same-direction input end of the first amplifier AD8230 is connected to a fourth resistor R5, a fifth resistor R3 and a sixth resistor R1 which are connected in series in this order, a +8V direct-current voltage is applied to the sixth resistor R1, the common end between the sixth resistor R1 and the fifth resistor R3 is connected to an eighth resistor R2 and then grounded, the common end between the fourth resistor R5 and the fifth resistor R3 is connected to a seventh resistor R4 and then grounded, the common end between the fifth resistor R3 and the sixth resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the zener diode, the adjustment end of the zener diode is connected to the common end between the fourth resistor R5, the fifth resistor R3 and the seventh resistor R4, and the positive electrode of the zener diode is grounded.
In this embodiment, the active RC filter of the integrating circuit 20 is a balanced RC filter, the input end of the second operational amplifier AD8638 in the balanced RC filter is connected to a feedback resistor, and the output end of the first amplifier AD8230 is connected to the input end of the second amplifier AD8638 in the same direction through the ninth resistor R11. In this embodiment, the resistances of the resistors in the active RC filter of the integrating circuit 20 are the same, and the time constant of the active RC filter is equal to the product of the resistor R and the capacitor C.
In this embodiment, specific component parameters may be set as: r1 is 10k Ω, R2 is 5.1k Ω, the voltage of zener diode can be stabilized at 2.5V, and R3 is 1k Ω, R5 is 5.1k Ω, the resistance of R4 needs to be adjusted with the size of input voltage, makes the maximum output voltage of AD8230 approach about 5V. In addition, the tuning terminal (ADJ) of LM136-2.5 is connected to the common terminal of R3, R4, R5. The values of R8-R12 are all 100k omega 2, the value of the capacitor C is determined by the integration time of a radiometer receiver, and the integration time tau is RC and has the unit of ms.
The low-noise direct-current amplification circuit adopts a two-stage cascade amplification mode, and is simple. The first stage is high-gain amplification consisting of a precision instrument amplifier, and meanwhile, a self-biased high-stability voltage stabilizing diode is used for generating reference voltage, so that the stability of output voltage in a high-gain state can be effectively ensured. The second stage is realized by an active balanced RC filter formed by a low-noise low-offset operational amplifier. The maximum gain of the low-noise direct-current amplifying circuit realized by the design can reach 2000 times, the noise level introduced by the circuit is less than 1mV, and the low-noise direct-current amplifying circuit has the advantages of extremely low gain drift, extremely high linearity and temperature stability, small volume, low cost, simple debugging and the like.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to make modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A radiometer receiver is with low noise high gain direct current amplification integrating circuit which characterized in that includes:
the high-gain amplification circuit is used for receiving an input voltage formed by millivolt-level voltage output by the radiometer receiver detector and carrying out direct-current amplification to obtain an amplified signal;
and the integration circuit is used for performing integration processing on the amplified signal to obtain an output voltage.
2. The radiometer receiver of claim 1, wherein the high gain amplification circuit comprises a first amplifier and a zener diode, wherein the input voltage is input to the inverting input of the first amplifier, and wherein the zener diode is connected to the non-inverting input of the first amplifier;
the integrating circuit is an active RC filter comprising a second amplifier, the output end of the first amplifier is connected with the same-direction input end of the second amplifier, and the output voltage is output by the output end of the second amplifier.
3. The radiometer receiver low-noise high-gain dc amplification integrator circuit of claim 2, wherein the input voltage is coupled in series through a first resistor to the inverting input of the first amplifier.
4. The radiometer receiver low-noise high-gain direct current amplification integrating circuit as defined in claim 2 or 3, wherein the output terminal of the first amplifier is connected to one terminal of a second resistor, the other terminal of the second resistor is connected to the third resistor in series and then grounded, and the feedback terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the other terminal of the second resistor.
5. The integrating circuit of claim 2, wherein a bias voltage is provided at the input end of the first amplifier in the same direction, and the bias voltage is obtained by dividing the first voltage by the zener diode.
6. The integrating circuit of claim 5, wherein the first amplifier has a common input connected to a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor connected in series in this order, the first voltage is applied to the sixth resistor, a common terminal between the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor is connected to the seventh resistor and then grounded, a common terminal between the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor is connected to the cathode of the zener diode, an adjustment terminal of the zener diode is connected to the common terminal between the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor, and the seventh resistor, and the anode of the zener diode is grounded.
7. The low-noise high-gain direct-current amplification integrating circuit for the radiometer receiver of claim 2, wherein the active RC filter is a balanced RC filter, the second operational amplifier has feedback resistors connected to the input terminal in the same direction and the input terminal in the opposite direction, the output terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the input terminal in the same direction of the second amplifier via a resistor, the resistors of the active RC filter have the same resistance, and the time constant of the active RC filter is equal to the product of the resistor R and the capacitor C.
8. The radiometer receiver low-noise high-gain dc amplification integrator circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-gain amplification circuit performs dc amplification with an amplification factor of 2000 or less.
9. The low-noise high-gain direct-current amplification integrating circuit for the radiometer receiver according to claim 3, wherein the input voltage ranges from-5 mV to 0mV, and the noise level introduced by the high-gain amplification circuit itself is less than 1 mV.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011200328.XA CN112332784A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Low-noise high-gain direct current amplification integrating circuit for radiometer receiver |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011200328.XA CN112332784A (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2020-10-30 | Low-noise high-gain direct current amplification integrating circuit for radiometer receiver |
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Application publication date: 20210205 |