CN112332750B - 发电装置及使用该装置的发电系统 - Google Patents

发电装置及使用该装置的发电系统 Download PDF

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CN112332750B
CN112332750B CN202011208071.2A CN202011208071A CN112332750B CN 112332750 B CN112332750 B CN 112332750B CN 202011208071 A CN202011208071 A CN 202011208071A CN 112332750 B CN112332750 B CN 112332750B
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power generation
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shaft
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outer shaft
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CN112332750A (zh
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金凤
万超
赵瑞
秦知朋
韩韬
陈沛贤
李芬
唐练洋
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/22—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the flow of water resulting from wave movements to drive a motor or turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
    • F03B3/121—Blades, their form or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种发电装置，包括风力发电机、水力发电机、太阳能发电机、第一变速齿轮、第二变速齿轮、圆形平板、风板、浮板、水轮叶片、连接杆、锚定设备和垂直轴。本发明提供的垂直轴组合型浮式综合发电装置，将两种单能源发电装置，即垂直轴固定偏角式水轮机与自启动性能较好的风力机有机结合，利用风力机启动力矩大的特点来辅助启动垂直轴水轮机，任何风向都可启动旋转，提升了水轮机运转效率。本发明为综合发电体，实现了多元化发电，能够水上、水下全天候同时发电，提高了发电机组运行的稳定性、可靠性，降低了单位发电成本，提高了单位发电效率。

Description

发电装置及使用该装置的发电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发电装置及使用该装置的发电系统，是能同时利用风、浪、流、太阳能发电的发电装置，属于海洋能利用技术领域。
背景技术
随着人们对风、波浪、潮流等海上能源认识的不断加深，各种单能源和多能源发电装置不断涌现。单能源发电装置存在系统稳定性差、整体规模小、并网难等问题，其中潮流能垂直轴式固定偏角水轮机结构简单、工作可靠、工作效率较高，但其无法实现自启动，是该水轮机的主要缺点。相较而言，多能源发电装置可提高海洋能源的利用率，改善单能源发电的不足，具有很大的潜力，是今后海洋能源发展的必然趋势，但目前该类发电装置还存在结构复杂庞大、能量转换效率偏低和发电成本高昂等一系列问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有多能源发电装置的不足，基于垂直轴固定偏角式水轮机，提供一种结构简单，成本较低，自启动性能良好，且能够充分利用多种海上能量的风、浪、流、太阳能综合发电装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种发电装置，包括风力发电机、水力发电机、太阳能发电机、第一变速齿轮、第二变速齿轮、圆形平板、风板、浮板、水轮叶片、连接杆、锚定设备和垂直轴，所述垂直轴包括内轴和外轴，所述外轴的顶部安装有随所述外轴一起转动的所述第二变速齿轮和可相对于所述外轴转动的所述浮板，所述浮板下方的所述外轴上通过所述连接杆连接有至少两个所述水轮叶片，所述外轴的底部连接有所述锚定设备，所述内轴从所述外轴的顶端伸出，所述外轴和所述内轴之间设有超越装置，使得所述内轴转速超过所述外轴时所述内轴带动所述外轴一起转动，而所述内轴转速低于所述外轴时，所述内轴和所述外轴各自转动，所述内轴的顶部安装有随所述内轴一起转动的所述第一变速齿轮和可相对于所述内轴转动的所述圆形平板，所述圆形平板下方的所述内轴上安装有至少两个所述风板，所述圆形平板上安装有与所述第一变速齿轮传动连接的所述风力发电机，所述浮板上安装有与所述第二变速齿轮传动连接的所述水力发电机，所述浮板上还安装有所述太阳能发电机。
所述水轮叶片在水力的作用下带动所述水力发电机发电，所述风板在风力作用下带动所述风力发电机发电。
进一步，所述内轴表面设有若干斜齿纹，所述外轴内表面与所述斜齿纹相应位置设置软卡口；当所述外轴顺着所述斜齿纹方向的转速比所述内轴快时，所述软卡口可滑过所述斜齿纹，所述外轴和所述内轴分别以各自的转速转动；当所述内轴顺着所述斜齿纹方向的转速比所述外轴转速快时，所述软卡口卡住所述斜齿纹使得所述内轴带动所述外轴一起转动。
进一步，所述圆形平板的直径大于所述风板的旋转直径，所述风板为半圆柱形或螺旋状，所述风板采用复合材料，数量不少于2个，具有较大的启动转矩，帮助所述水轮叶片启动。所述圆形平板直径略大于所述风板的旋转直径，可以增大所述圆形平板下的风速，所述风板的旋转直径即所述风板绕所述内轴旋转时所述风板外缘轨迹圆直径。所述圆形平板可采用不锈钢材质如316L等。
进一步，所述浮板为圆形，采用高密度聚乙烯材料，其上铺设有太阳能薄膜电池，所述太阳能薄膜电池与所述太阳能发电机连接，所述浮板的直径大于所述水轮叶片的旋转直径，所述浮板的厚度为浪高的一半以上。
所述浮板为整个装置提供浮力，使装置一直浮于水面，并保持整个装置的稳定，所述浮板直径略大于所述水轮叶片的旋转直径，可提高所述水轮叶片的旋转效能，所述水轮叶片的旋转直径即所述水轮叶片绕所述外轴旋转时其外缘的轨迹圆直径。所述浮板的厚度为浪高的一半或以上可以减少溅浪对太阳能发电的影响。
进一步，所述水轮叶片与所述垂直轴平行，所述水轮叶片截面为流线型的对称翼型，所述水轮叶片的旋转直径为所述风板旋转直径的3倍以上，所述水轮叶片的高度为所述风板高度的2至5倍，以使所述风板可以帮助所述水轮叶片实现启动。
进一步，所述水轮叶片置于浮板下，所述水轮叶片与垂直轴平行，以一定偏角固定在连接杆上。所述水轮叶片采用不锈钢材料，数量不少于2个，由机械发电效率公式确定所述水轮叶片展长，由水轮机密实度确定所述水轮叶片弦长。
进一步，所述连接杆采用不锈钢材料。
进一步，所述水轮叶片下方的所述外轴上还安装有可相对于所述外轴转动的圆形底板，所述圆形底板的直径大于所述水轮叶片的旋转直径，所述外轴的底部还装有端盖，所述锚定设备与所述端盖连接。增设所述圆形底板可以增大水轮叶片的受流速度，所述圆形底板采用不锈钢材料。
本发明还提供使用上述发电装置的独立发电系统，其还包括第一逆变器、第二逆变器，第三逆变器、蓄电池组和功率调节系统，所述风力发电机通过所述第一逆变器、所述水力发电机通过第二逆变器将电力转换成直流电后与所述太阳能发电机联机，然后通过所述功率调节系统向所述蓄电池组充电，所述蓄电池组通过所述第三逆变器将直流电转换成交流向用负载供电，所述蓄电池组安装在所述浮板上，所述功率调控系统用于保护所述蓄电池组避免过充电和过放电、保持所述蓄电池组的输出在最大功率输出点以及保证向所述负载提供合适的电压和电流。
本发明还提供使用上述发电装置的并网发电系统，其还包括第四逆变器、电流整合、变压器和集中式蓄电池储能系统，若干个所述发电装置所述太阳能发电机的电力通过各自的所述第四逆变器将直流电转换给交流电然后与各自的所述风力发电机和所述水力发电机并联，而后通过所述电流整合、所述变压器为所述集中式蓄电池储能系统充电，在外部电网需要时为外部电网供电。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的发电装置，将两种单能源发电装置，即垂直轴固定偏角式水轮机与自启动性能较好的风力机有机结合，利用风力机启动力矩大的特点来辅助启动垂直轴水轮机，任何风向都可启动旋转，提升了水轮机运转效率。本发明为综合发电体，实现了多元化发电，能够水上、水下全天候同时发电，提高了发电机组运行的稳定性、可靠性，降低了单位发电成本，提高了单位发电效率。建立了一个近海风、浪、流、太阳能综合发电装置，其结构简单、建设成本低，能够增强原装置的启动性能、发电稳定性，并且可以提高可再生能源的利用率。另外，本发明实现了海洋中多种能量发电的有效结合，清洁环保，能够在多种自然条件下都可以进行发电作业，装置小型化，安装维护方便，可在富含风能、波浪能、潮流能及太阳能资源的近海区域使用，以解决沿海、海岛等能源短缺问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例发电装置的立体图；
图2为本发明实施例发电装置的剖视图；
图3为本发明实施例垂直轴水平面剖视图；
图4为本发明实施例独立发电系统的原理框图；
图5为本发明实施例并网发电系统的原理框图；
图中：1为风力发电机、2为水力发电机、3为太阳能发电机、4为内轴、5为第一变速齿轮、6为外轴、7为第二变速齿轮、8为圆形平板、9为风板、10为浮板、11为水轮叶片、12为连接杆、13为圆形底板、14为锚定设备、15为端盖、16为斜齿纹、17为软卡口、18为垂直轴、19为第一逆变器、20为第二逆变器、21为第三逆变器、22为蓄电池组、23为功率调节系统、24为第四逆变器、25为电流整合、26为变压器、27为集中式蓄电池储能系统。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细叙述。应理解，该实施例仅用于说明本发明，并不用于限制本发明保护范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明记载的内容之后，本领域技术人员对本发明所做的各种等价形式的改动和修改，均落于本申请专利权利要求书所限定的范围。
如图1和图2所示，为本发明的一种发电装置，包括风力发电机1、水力发电机2、太阳能发电机3、第一变速齿轮5,、第二变速齿轮7、圆形平板8、风板9、浮板10、水轮叶片11、连接杆12、锚定设备14和垂直轴18，所述垂直轴18包括内轴4和外轴6，所述外轴6的顶部安装有随所述外轴6一起转动的所述第二变速齿轮7和可相对于所述外轴6转动的所述浮板10，所述浮板10下方的所述外轴6上通过所述连接杆12连接有两个所述水轮叶片11，所述外轴6的底部连接有所述锚定设备14，所述内轴4从所述外轴6的顶端伸出，所述外轴6和所述内轴4之间设有超越装置，使得所述内轴4转速超过所述外轴6时所述内轴4带动所述外轴6一起转动，而所述内轴4转速低于所述外轴6时，所述内轴4和所述外轴6各自转动，所述内轴4的顶部安装有随所述内轴4一起转动的所述第一变速齿轮5和可相对于所述内轴4转动的所述圆形平板8，所述圆形平板8下方的所述内轴4上安装有两个所述风板9，所述圆形平板8上安装有与所述第一变速齿轮5传动连接的所述风力发电机1，所述浮板10上安装有与所述第二变速齿轮7传动连接的所述水力发电机2，所述浮板10上还安装有所述太阳能发电机3。
如图3所示，所述超越装置的具体结构，所述内轴4表面设有若干斜齿纹16，所述外6内表面与所述斜齿纹16相应位置设置软卡口17；当所述外轴6顺着所述斜齿纹16方向的转速比所述内轴4快时，所述软卡口17可滑过所述斜齿纹16，所述外轴6和所述内轴4分别以各自的转速转动；当所述内轴4顺着所述斜齿纹16方向的转速比所述外轴6转速快时，所述软卡口17卡住所述斜齿纹16使得所述内轴4带动所述外轴6一起转动。所述风板9在风力作用下带动所述内轴4顺着所述斜齿纹16方向旋转，同样所述水轮叶片11在水流作用下带动所述外轴6旋转，其转转方向与所述内轴4的旋转方向一致。
所述圆形平板8的直径略大于所述风板9的旋转直径，所述风板9为半圆柱形。
所述浮板10为圆形，采用高密度聚乙烯材料，其上铺设有太阳能薄膜电池，所述太阳能薄膜电池与所述太阳能发电机3连接，所述浮板10的直径略大于所述水轮叶片11的旋转直径，所述浮板10的厚度为浪高的一半。可将多个所述太阳能薄膜电池串并联起来，再配上适当的支架及接线盒，构成太阳能电池阵列使用。
所述水轮叶片11与所述垂直轴18平行，以一定偏角固定在所述连接杆12上，偏角范围为所述水轮叶片11的首部外偏0-5°，所述水轮叶片11截面为NACA0018翼型，所述水轮叶片11的旋转直径为所述风板9旋转直径的3倍，所述水轮叶片11的高度为所述风板9高度的3倍。
所述水轮叶片11下方的所述外轴6上还安装有可相对于所述外轴6转动的圆形底板13，所述圆形底板13的直径与所述浮板10的直径相同，所述外轴6的底部还装有端盖15，所述锚定设备14与所述端盖15连接。所述浮板10为整个装置提供浮力，使装置一直浮于水面，并保持整个装置的稳定，所述锚定设备14用于将整个装置锚定，避免因风浪而刮跑。
如图4所示，一种包括所述的发电装置的独立发电系统，还包括第一逆变器19、第二逆变器20，第三逆变器21、蓄电池组22和功率调节系统23，所述风力发电机1通过所述第一逆变器19、所述水力发电机2通过第二逆变器20将电力转换成直流电后与所述太阳能发电机3联机，然后通过所述功率调节系统23向所述蓄电池组22充电，所述蓄电池组22通过所述第三逆变器21将直流电转换成交流向用负载供电，所述蓄电池组22安装在所述浮板10上，所述功率调控系统23主要由电子元器件、仪表、继电器、开关等组成，用于保护所述蓄电池组22避免过充电和过放电、保持所述蓄电池组22的输出在最大功率输出点以及保证向所述负载提供合适的电压和电流。
本发明提供的发电装置中所述风板9可以在较低的风力下启动，从而带动相连的所述水轮叶片11启动，随后所述水轮叶片11可以在波浪、潮流的水体流动推动下做连续的机械转动。在运转过程中，当所述水轮叶片11旋转比所述风板9快时，不会带动所述风板9旋转，以保证水轮机的效率；反之所述风板9旋转快时可进一步带动所述水轮叶片11旋转，一方面可以增强水轮机的运转，另一方面有利于对所述风板9进行过速控制。上述垂直轴组合型浮式综合发电装置既可良好起动，又可在正常工作时帮助所述风板9在风速突变时摆脱失速状态。
本发明提供的发电装置的风力发电机1、水力发电机2、太阳能发电机3组成混合发电系统，可以作为独立的电源使用，还可以与电网连接，向电网输送电力。
如图5所示，一种包括所述的发电装置的并网发电系统，还包括第四逆变器24、电流整合25、变压器26和集中式蓄电池储能系统27，若干个所述发电装置所述太阳能发电机3的电力通过各自的所述第四逆变器24将直流电转换给交流电然后与各自的所述风力发电机1和所述水力发电机2并联，而后通过所述电流整合25、所述变压器26为所述集中式蓄电池储能系统27充电，在外部电网需要时为外部电网供电。
并网发电系统由多个发电装置组成，每个发电装置为一个子系统，子系统间相互独立。所述集中式蓄电池储能系统27配置功率调节系统，直接与电网耦合。并网发电系统的所述变压器26、所述集中式蓄电池储能系统27可置于陆上，通过电缆进行电力传输、连接。独立发电系统和并网发电系统的机组一般采用户内型，在太阳能电池组件支架和非导电体的屋顶上装设环形避雷带进行防雷保护，并且避雷带设有数个独立引下线。为保证人身安全，所有电气设备都装设接地装置，并将电气设备外壳接地。

Claims (5)

1.一种发电装置，其特征在于：包括风力发电机(1)、水力发电机(2)、太阳能发电机(3)、第一变速齿轮(5)、第二变速齿轮(7)、圆形平板(8)、风板(9)、浮板(10)、水轮叶片(11)、连接杆(12)、锚定设备(14)和垂直轴(18)，所述垂直轴(18)包括内轴(4)和外轴(6)，所述外轴(6)的顶部安装有随所述外轴(6)一起转动的所述第二变速齿轮(7)和可相对于所述外轴(6)转动的所述浮板(10)，所述浮板(10)下方的所述外轴(6)上通过所述连接杆(12)连接有至少两个所述水轮叶片(11)，所述外轴(6)的底部连接有所述锚定设备(14)，所述内轴(4)从所述外轴(6)的顶端伸出，所述外轴(6)和所述内轴(4)之间设有超越装置，使得所述内轴(4)转速超过所述外轴(6)时所述内轴(4)带动所述外轴(6)一起转动，而所述内轴(4)转速低于所述外轴(6)时，所述内轴(4)和所述外轴(6)各自转动，所述内轴(4)的顶部安装有随所述内轴(4)一起转动的所述第一变速齿轮(5)和可相对于所述内轴(4)转动的所述圆形平板(8)，所述圆形平板(8)下方的所述内轴(4)上安装有至少两个所述风板(9)，所述圆形平板(8)上安装有与所述第一变速齿轮(5)传动连接的所述风力发电机(1)，所述浮板(10)上安装有与所述第二变速齿轮(7)传动连接的所述水力发电机(2)，所述浮板(10)上还安装有所述太阳能发电机(3)；所述内轴(4)表面设有若干斜齿纹(16)，所述外轴(6)内表面与所述斜齿纹(16)相应位置设置软卡口(17)；当所述外轴(6)顺着所述斜齿纹(16)方向的转速比所述内轴(4)快时，所述软卡口(17)可滑过所述斜齿纹(16)，所述外轴(6)和所述内轴(4)分别以各自的转速转动；当所述内轴(4)顺着所述斜齿纹(16)方向的转速比所述外轴(6) 转速快时，所述软卡口(17)卡住所述斜齿纹(16)使得所述内轴(4)带动所述外轴(6)一起转动；所述水轮叶片(11)与所述垂直轴(18)平行，所述水轮叶片(11)截面为流线型的对称翼型，所述水轮叶片(11)的旋转直径为所述风板(9)旋转直径的3倍以上，所述水轮叶片(11)的高度为所述风板(9)高度的2至5倍；所述水轮叶片(11)下方的所述外轴(6)上还安装有可相对于所述外轴(6)转动的圆形底板(13)，所述圆形底板(13)的直径大于所述水轮叶片(11)的旋转直径，所述外轴(6)的底部还装有端盖(15)，所述锚定设备(14)与所述端盖(15)连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种发电装置，其特征在于：所述圆形平板(8)的直径大于所述风板(9)的旋转直径，所述风板(9)为半圆柱形或螺旋状。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种发电装置，其特征在于：所述浮板(10)为圆形，采用高密度聚乙烯材料，其上铺设有太阳能薄膜电池，所述太阳能薄膜电池与所述太阳能发电机(3)连接，所述浮板(10)的直径大于所述水轮叶片(11)的旋转直径，所述浮板(10)的厚度为浪高的一半以上。
4.一种包括权利要求1至3任意一项所述的发电装置的独立发电系统，其特征在于：还包括第一逆变器(19)、第二逆变器(20)，第三逆变器(21)、蓄电池组(22)和功率调节系统(23)，所述风力发电机(1)通过所述第一逆变器(19)、所述水力发电机(2)通过第二逆变器(20)将电力转换成直流电后与所述太阳能发电机(3)联机，然后通过所述功率调节系统(23)向所述蓄电池组(22)充电，所述蓄电池组(22)通过所述第三逆变器(21)将直流电转换成交流向用负载供电，所述蓄电池组(22)安装在所述浮板(10)上，所述功率调节 系统(23)用于保护所述蓄电池组(22)避免过充电和过放电、保持所述蓄电池组(22)的输出在最大功率输出点以及保证向所述负载提供合适的电压和电流。
5.一种包括权利要求1至3任意一项所述的发电装置的并网发电系统，其特征在于：还包括第四逆变器(24)、电流整合(25)、变压器(26)和集中式蓄电池储能系统(27)，若干个所述垂直轴组合型浮式综合发电装置所述太阳能发电机(3)的电力通过各自的所述第四逆变器(24)将直流电转换给交流电然后与各自的所述风力发电机(1)和所述水力发电机(2)并联，而后通过所述电流整合(25)、所述变压器(26)为所述集中式蓄电池储能系统(27)充电，在外部电网需要时为外部电网供电。
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CN107503892A (zh) * 2017-08-11 2017-12-22 海南大学 一种小型近海渔船锚泊环保型组合发电装置
CN109372694A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-02-22 依科瑞德（北京）能源科技有限公司 风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统

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