CN109372694A - 风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统 - Google Patents

风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统 Download PDF

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CN109372694A
CN109372694A CN201811435226.9A CN201811435226A CN109372694A CN 109372694 A CN109372694 A CN 109372694A CN 201811435226 A CN201811435226 A CN 201811435226A CN 109372694 A CN109372694 A CN 109372694A
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wind
shaft
floating platform
hydrogenerator
bearing
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CN109372694B (zh
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苏存堂
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Beijing Eco Greenland Ground Source Technological Co Ltd
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Beijing Eco Greenland Ground Source Technological Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/06Bearing arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16Stators
    • F03B3/18Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06Rotors
    • F03D3/062Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4466Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727Offshore wind turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统。所述复合发电系统由若干个发电装置组合而成,所述发电装置包括浮台、太阳能发电膜、风力发电机、水轮发电机和蓄电池,其中,所述浮台漂浮在水面上,所述太阳能发电膜粘贴在所述浮台的上表面,所述风力发电机设置在所述浮台的上方,所述水轮发电机设置在所述浮台的下方,所述风力发电机的转轴与所述水轮发电机的转轴连接;所述太阳能发电膜、所述风力发电机和所述水轮发电机均与所述蓄电池电连接。该复合发电系统应用范围广,投资小,不需要建设水坝,布置灵活。

Description

风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及可再生能源利用技术领域,特别涉及一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统。
背景技术
现阶段,中国碳排放量的主要来源是煤炭的过度使用,煤炭能源占中国总能源的70%,这种能源利用形式导致碳排放量高居不下,同时导致空气质量的严重不合格。
对可再生的能源进行开发和利用,能够减少温室气体CO2的排放,提高能源利用率,减缓全球气候变暖,改善中国的能源结构,使中国走可持续发展之路。在可再生能源中,利用风能、水能和光伏发电的技术最成熟,如果将风能、水能和太阳能结合起来进行发电,能够对可再生能源进行充分利用,有效地提高能源利用率。
因此需要一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统,将三种清洁能源形式完美的结合在一起,使风、水、光三种能源充分互补发挥各自最大的作用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统,所述复合发电系统由若干个发电装置组合而成,所述发电装置包括浮台、太阳能发电膜、风力发电机、水轮发电机和蓄电池,其中,所述浮台漂浮在水面上,所述太阳能发电膜粘贴在所述浮台的上表面,所述风力发电机设置在所述浮台的上方,所述水轮发电机设置在所述浮台的下方,所述风力发电机的转轴与所述水轮发电机的转轴连接;所述太阳能发电膜、所述风力发电机和所述水轮发电机均与所述蓄电池电连接,所述太阳能发电膜能够进行光伏发电并将所产生的电能储存在所述蓄电池中,所述风力发电机能够利用风能发电并将所产生的电能存储到所述蓄电池中,所述水轮发电机能够利用水能进行发电并将所产生的电能存储到所述蓄电池中。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,所述水面为江、河、湖或者海的水面,多个所述发电装置沿水流的流向依次设置组成一个发电机组,多个所述发电机组平行排列,相邻的两个所述发电装置的所述浮台通过铰链连接;在水底或岸边设置有多个地锚,每一个所述发电机组中靠近水流上游的一个所述发电装置通过锁链与一个所述地锚连接。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,所述风力发电机为立轴风力发电机,所述风力发电机的转轴竖向设置,所述风力发电机的转轴的顶端连接有叶片,所述水轮发电机的转轴竖向设置,所述水轮发电机的转轴的底端连接有叶轮;所述风力发电机的转轴的底端穿透所述浮台的上表面,所述水轮发电机的转轴的顶端穿透所述浮台的下表面,所述风力发电机的转轴的底端和所述水轮发电机的转轴的顶端在所述浮台内部连接。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,所述风力发电机的转轴穿过所述浮台处套设有第一轴承,所述浮台和所述第一轴承、所述第一轴承和所述风力发电机的转轴均为过盈配合;所述水轮发电机的转轴穿过所述浮台处套设有第二轴承,所述浮台和所述第二轴承、所述第二轴承和所述水轮发电机的转轴均为过盈配合。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,所述第一轴承和所述第二轴承均为复合双轴承,所述复合双轴承由内轴承和套设在内轴承外的外轴承组合而成,所述外轴承和所述内轴承为过盈配合。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,所述风力发电机的转轴和所述水轮发电机的转轴通过自动离合器连接;当风速小于等于2米/秒时,所述自动离合器能够自动分离;当风速大于2米/秒时,所述自动离合器能够自动吸合。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,每个所述浮台的下方均设置有增压导流管,水流由所述增压导流管的前端流向所述增压导流管的末端,所述叶轮设置在所述增压导流管的末端内,所述前端的直径大于所述末端的直径。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,在所述增压导流管的前端外部设置有过滤筛。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,所述末端的内表面与所述叶轮之间具有5~10毫米间隙,所述增压导流管的内部设置有导流片,所述导流片的一端与所述增压导流管前端的内壁连接,所述导流片的另一端延伸至所述叶轮处,所述导流片能够引导水流的流向,进而增加叶轮的转速。
进一步地,在上述的复合发电系统中,在所述浮台上方的所述风力发电机的转轴上套设有第三轴承,所述第三轴承通过多根支架与浮台连接。
分析可知,本发明公开一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统,该复合发电系统由若干个发电装置组合而成,发电装置包括浮台、太阳能发电膜、风力发电机、水轮发电机和蓄电池,其中,浮台漂浮在水面上,太阳能发电膜粘贴在浮台的上表面,风力发电机设置在浮台的上方,水轮发电机设置在浮台的下方,风力发电机的转轴与水轮发电机的转轴连接。风力发电机、水轮发电机和太阳能发电膜均能够产生电能。
该复合发电系统应用范围广,投资小,不需要建设水坝,布置灵活。有很大的应用市场。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。其中:
图1为本发明一实施例的发电装置布置示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例的主视示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例的侧视示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例的增压导流管和过滤筛的装配示意图。
图5为图4的俯视示意图。
图6为本发明一实施例的第一轴承和第二轴承的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:1发电装置;2浮台;3太阳能发电膜;4风力发电机;5风力发电机的转轴;6水轮发电机;7水轮发电机的转轴;8水面;9叶片;10叶轮;11铰链;12地锚;13锁链;14第一轴承;15第二轴承;16内轴承;17外轴承;18自动离合器;19增压导流管;20过滤筛;21导流片;22第三轴承;23支架;24水底;
箭头方向为水流流动的方向。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。各个示例通过本发明的解释的方式提供而非限制本发明。实际上,本领域的技术人员将清楚,在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可在本发明中进行修改和变型。例如,示为或描述为一个实施例的一部分的特征可用于另一个实施例,以产生又一个实施例。因此,所期望的是,本发明包含归入所附权利要求及其等同物的范围内的此类修改和变型。
在本发明的描述中,术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明而不是要求本发明必须以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。本发明中使用的术语“相连”、“连接”、“设置”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间部件间接相连,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
如图1至图6所示,根据本发明的实施例,提供了一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统,该复合发电系统由若干个发电装置1组合而成,发电装置1包括浮台2、太阳能发电膜3、风力发电机4、水轮发电机6和蓄电池(图中未示出),其中,浮台2漂浮在水面8上,太阳能发电膜3粘贴在浮台2的上表面,风力发电机4设置在浮台2的上方,水轮发电机6设置在浮台2的下方,风力发电机的转轴5与水轮发电机的转轴7连接,蓄电池设置在临近的陆地上。
太阳能发电膜3、风力发电机4和水轮发电机6均与蓄电池电连接,太阳能发电膜3能够进行光伏发电并将所产生的电能储存在蓄电池中,风力发电机4能够利用风能发电并将所产生的电能存储到蓄电池中,水轮发电机6能够利用水能进行发电并将所产生的电能存储到蓄电池中。
进一步地,如图2和图3所示,该复合发电系统能够通过浮台2漂浮在江、河、湖或者海的水面8上,在江、河、湖或者海的水面8上布置该复合发电系统,不需要建设水坝,减小布置该复合发电系统的投资。多个发电装置1沿水流的流向依次设置组成一个发电机组,多个发电机组平行排列,进而使所有的发电装置1以矩阵形式组合在一起形成该复合发电系统,相邻的两个发电装置1的浮台2通过铰链11连接。如此设置能够使该复合发电系统根据场地灵活布置。
在水底24或岸边设置有多个地锚12,每一个发电机组中靠近水流上游的一个发电装置1通过锁链13与一个地锚12连接。如此设置能够使浮台2漂浮在水流的速度较高的水面8上。
进一步地,如图1所示,风力发电机4为立轴风力发电机,风力发电机的转轴5竖向设置,风力发电机的转轴5的顶端连接有风力发电机的叶片9,水轮发电机的转轴7竖向设置,水轮发电机的转轴7的底端连接有水轮发电机的叶轮10。
风力发电机的转轴5的底端穿透浮台2的上表面,水轮发电机的转轴7的顶端穿透浮台2的下表面,风力发电机的转轴5的底端和水轮发电机的转轴7的顶端在浮台2内部连接。
进一步地,风力发电机的转轴5穿过浮台2处套设有第一轴承14,浮台2和第一轴承14、第一轴承14和风力发电机的转轴5均为过盈配合;水轮发电机的转轴7穿过浮台2处套设有第二轴承15,浮台2和第二轴承15、第二轴承15和水轮发电机的转轴7均为过盈配合。如此设置能够减少旋转摩擦阻力。
进一步地,如图6所示,第一轴承14和第二轴承15均为复合双轴承,复合双轴承由内轴承16和套设在内轴承16外的外轴承17组合而成,外轴承17和内轴承16为过盈配合。如此设置能够进一步减少风力发电机的转轴5和水轮发电机的转轴7旋转的摩擦阻力。
进一步地,风力发电机的转轴5和水轮发电机的转轴7通过自动离合器18连接,自动离合器18能够使风力发电机的转轴5和水轮发电机的转轴7联动。自动离合器18是机械与电子相结合的产品,在风力发电机4上设置风速计,自动离合器18依据风速计测量的风速来决定其吸合与分离。当风速小于等于2米/秒时,叶片9不工作,自动离合器18能够自动分离,使风力发电机的转轴5和水轮发电机的转轴7断开用以减小对水轮发电机的转轴7的阻力;当风速大于2米/秒时,叶片9工作,自动离合器18能够自动吸合,使风力发电机的转轴5和水轮发电机的转轴7连接,风力发电机的转轴5带动水轮发电机的转轴7旋转,使水轮发电机的转轴7旋转的动力更加充足。
进一步地,每个浮台2的下方均设置有增压导流管19,水流由增压导流管19的前端流向增压导流管19的末端,叶轮10设置在增压导流管19的末端内,前端的直径大于末端的直径。增压导流管19的设置能够增加水的压力,使水轮发电机6的动力更加充足。
进一步地,如图4和图5所示,在增压导流管19的前端外部设置有过滤筛20。过滤筛20由两块过滤网构成,两块过滤网的一端分别靠近增压导流管19的两侧,两块过滤网的另一端向远离增压导流管19的方向上延伸后连接,过滤筛20的设置能够防止悬浮杂物进入增压导流管19后缠绕在叶轮10上,悬浮杂物被过滤筛20阻拦后会沿过滤网的方向被水流冲走,减少水轮发电机6故障的发生。
进一步地,增压导流管19末端的内表面与叶轮10之间具有5~10毫米间隙,增压导流管19的内部设置有导流片21,导流片21的一端与增压导流管19前端的内壁连接,导流片21的另一端延伸至靠近增压导流管19前端一侧的叶轮10的中部,导流片21的两侧与增压导流管19的内壁均连接,导流片21能够引导增压导流管19内的水流流向叶轮10的左半部或者右半部,进而增加叶轮10的转速。
进一步地,在浮台2上方的风力发电机的转轴5上套设有第三轴承22,第三轴承22通过多根支架23与浮台2连接,每根支架23均与风力发电机的转轴5和浮台2一起构成三角形,增加发电装置1的稳定性,第三轴承22与风力发电机的转轴5为过盈配合。
具体地,发电装置1的工作过程为:水流经过滤筛20进入增压导流管19,水流带动设置在增压导流管19末端的水轮做高速旋转进而带动水轮发电机6发电。当外界自然风的风力达在2米/秒以上时,自动离合器18将水轮发电机的转轴7和风力发电机的转轴5连接,风力发电机4也同时工作,自然风吹动叶片9旋转使风力发电机4能够发电,同时风力发电机的转轴5通过自动离合器18带动水轮发电机的转轴7旋转,进而使风力发电机4的动力更加充足。当外界自然风的风力小于等于2米/秒时,自动离合器18自动断开,风力发电机4不工作,减少水轮发电机的转轴7的旋转阻力。太阳能发电膜3将太阳光辐射能直接转换为电能。风力发电机4、水轮发电机6和太阳能发电膜3所产生的电能均被存储到蓄电池中。
从以上的描述中,可以看出,本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果:
一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统,该复合发电系统由若干个发电装置1组合而成,发电装置1包括浮台2、太阳能发电膜3、风力发电机4、水轮发电机6和蓄电池,其中,浮台2漂浮在水面8上,太阳能发电膜3粘贴在浮台2的上表面,风力发电机4设置在浮台2的上方,水轮发电机6设置在浮台2的下方,风力发电机的转轴5与水轮发电机的转轴7连接。风力发电机4、水轮发电机6和太阳能发电膜3均能够产生电能。
该复合发电系统应用范围广,投资小,不需要建设水坝,布置灵活。有很大的应用市场。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种风能、水能和光伏复合发电系统,其特征在于,所述复合发电系统由若干个发电装置组合而成,所述发电装置包括浮台、太阳能发电膜、风力发电机、水轮发电机和蓄电池,其中,
所述浮台漂浮在水面上,所述太阳能发电膜粘贴在所述浮台的上表面,所述风力发电机设置在所述浮台的上方,所述水轮发电机设置在所述浮台的下方,所述风力发电机的转轴与所述水轮发电机的转轴连接;
所述太阳能发电膜、所述风力发电机和所述水轮发电机均与所述蓄电池电连接,所述太阳能发电膜能够进行光伏发电并将所产生的电能储存在所述蓄电池中,所述风力发电机能够利用风能发电并将所产生的电能存储到所述蓄电池中,所述水轮发电机能够利用水能进行发电并将所产生的电能存储到所述蓄电池中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
所述水面为江、河、湖或者海的水面,多个所述发电装置沿水流的流向依次设置组成一个发电机组,多个所述发电机组平行排列,相邻的两个所述发电装置的所述浮台通过铰链连接;
在水底或岸边设置有多个地锚,每一个所述发电机组中靠近水流上游的一个所述发电装置通过锁链与一个所述地锚连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
所述风力发电机为立轴风力发电机,所述风力发电机的转轴竖向设置,所述风力发电机的转轴的顶端连接有叶片,所述水轮发电机的转轴竖向设置,所述水轮发电机的转轴的底端连接有叶轮;
所述风力发电机的转轴的底端穿透所述浮台的上表面,所述水轮发电机的转轴的顶端穿透所述浮台的下表面,所述风力发电机的转轴的底端和所述水轮发电机的转轴的顶端在所述浮台内部连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
所述风力发电机的转轴穿过所述浮台处套设有第一轴承,所述浮台和所述第一轴承、所述第一轴承和所述风力发电机的转轴均为过盈配合;
所述水轮发电机的转轴穿过所述浮台处套设有第二轴承,所述浮台和所述第二轴承、所述第二轴承和所述水轮发电机的转轴均为过盈配合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
所述第一轴承和所述第二轴承均为复合双轴承,所述复合双轴承由内轴承和套设在内轴承外的外轴承组合而成,所述外轴承和所述内轴承为过盈配合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
所述风力发电机的转轴和所述水轮发电机的转轴通过自动离合器连接;
当风速小于等于2米/秒时,所述自动离合器能够自动分离;
当风速大于2米/秒时,所述自动离合器能够自动吸合。
7.根据权利要求3所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
每个所述浮台的下方均设置有增压导流管,水流由所述增压导流管的前端流向所述增压导流管的末端,所述叶轮设置在所述增压导流管的末端内,所述前端的直径大于所述末端的直径。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
在所述增压导流管的前端外部设置有过滤筛。
9.根据权利要求7所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
所述末端的内表面与所述叶轮之间具有5~10毫米间隙,所述增压导流管的内部设置有导流片,所述导流片的一端与所述增压导流管前端的内壁连接,所述导流片的另一端延伸至所述叶轮处,所述导流片能够引导水流的流向,进而增加叶轮的转速。
10.根据权利要求1所述的复合发电系统,其特征在于,
在所述浮台上方的所述风力发电机的转轴上套设有第三轴承,所述第三轴承通过多根支架与浮台连接。
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