CN112332701A - 一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机 - Google Patents

一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机 Download PDF

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CN112332701A
CN112332701A CN202011274372.5A CN202011274372A CN112332701A CN 112332701 A CN112332701 A CN 112332701A CN 202011274372 A CN202011274372 A CN 202011274372A CN 112332701 A CN112332701 A CN 112332701A
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piezoelectric vibrator
movable pin
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张忠华
叶林峰
柴君凌
苏玲
周积俊
翟仕杰
王淑云
程光明
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Zhejiang Normal University CJNU
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/185Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机,属新能源技术领域。壳体的壳右壁装有电路板,壳体的筒壁内侧设有定环槽、端部装有端盖,定环槽的左右侧壁上均布地设有同轴的定销孔,定销孔内安装套有定销套的定销;主轴由左右半轴构成,右半轴安装在壳右壁上,右半轴端部装有带叶片的轴套;左半轴上套有激励环,激励环外缘上设有动环槽,动环槽左右两侧的辐板内侧均布地设有挡块;两个辐板上均布地设有同轴的动销孔,动销孔内安装有套有动销套的动销;压电振子由基板与压电片构成,压电振子两端与定动销套耳板连接,动销套只能绕动销沿一个方向转动,反向时动销套耳板与挡块接触;主轴转动时激励环与左半轴相对转动、与右半轴相对摆动,压电振子弯曲变形发电。

Description

一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机
技术领域
本发明属于新能源技术领域,具体涉及一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机,用于构造一体化的自供电河流监测系统。
背景技术
我国境内遍布的河流达数千条之多,用于河流水质污染及防洪预警等方面的监测已受到国家相关部门的高度重视;同时,国内专家学者也相继提出了相应的监测方法和手段,包括针对河水污染的水质监测技术,针对洪水及泥石流等自然灾害的雨量、水位以及河道水流速等监测技术,以及为河流监测系统供电的各类微小型发电机,但现有的微小发电机在可靠性、流速适应性及电磁兼容性等方面都存在一定的问题,严重地阻碍了其推广应用。
发明内容
本发明提出一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机,本发明采用的实施方案是:壳体的壳右壁上设有轴承孔、经螺钉安装有电路板,壳体的筒壁内侧设有定环槽、端部经螺钉安装有端盖,定环槽的左右侧壁上都均布地设有同轴的定销孔,定销孔内安装套有定销套的定销,定销与定销孔过盈配合,定销套置于定环槽内;主轴由左右半轴构成,左右半轴间设有与右半轴同轴的轴肩,左右半轴线平行但不重合;右半轴经轴承和轴承盖安装在壳右壁上,轴承置于轴承孔内,轴承盖与轴承孔的侧壁间设有密封垫;右半轴端部经螺钉安装有带叶片的轴套。
左半轴置于壳体的腔体内,左半轴上经滚动体套有激励环,滚动体为滚珠或滚柱,激励环的轴孔经滚动体套在左半轴上,激励环的外缘上设有动环槽,动环槽左右两侧的辐板内侧即靠近动环槽一侧均布地设有挡块;两个辐板上均布地设有同轴的动销孔,动销孔内安装有套有动销套的动销,动销与动销孔过盈配合,动销套置于动环槽内。
压电振子由基板及其一侧粘接的压电片构成,压电振子两端经螺钉分别与定动销套耳板连接,定动销套分别套在定动销上,动销套只能绕动销沿顺时针或逆时针一个方向转动,反向转动时动销套耳板与激励环上的挡块接触;压电振子的压电片靠近挡块一侧;各压电振子经不同的导线组与电路板相连。
工作中,水流经与叶片耦合作用使主轴转动,激励环因经压电振子与壳体相连而不随主轴转动;激励环经滚动体与左半轴产生相对转动、与右半轴产生往复径向摆动,定动销产生相对运动并迫使压电振子产生往复的弯曲变形发电,所生成的电能经电路板上的转换电路处理后存储或直接供给传感监测系统。
本发明中,同一压电振子两端的定动销轴线与左右半轴线共面且压电振子靠近右半轴线一侧时:动销套耳板顶靠在激励环的挡块上,动销套耳板的倾角即动销套耳板的对称中心线与定动销的中心所连线段间的夹角Q≥0,同一压电振子两端的定动销间的距离最长、压电振子的变形量最小且大于零,压电振子存在一定使压电片受压应力的弯曲变形;此后,随主轴的转动,压电振子两端的定动销间距逐渐缩短、压电振子变形量逐渐增加,压电片所受压应力随主轴转角的增加而增加;主轴转过180度时,压电振子两端定动销间距最短、压电振子弯曲变形量达最大;主轴进一步转动时,压电振子两端的定动销间距开始逐渐增大、压电振子弯曲变形量再逐渐减小,主轴转过360度时压电振子变形量降至最小,至此完成一次激励。
本发明中,主轴的转动方向与压电振子弯曲变形方向相同,即转轴的运动方向是从激励环的挡块指向动销孔;压电片仅承受压应力,且有:x=L/2-Rsin[L/(2R)]>0、R≥R*其中:x为左右半轴线的间距,L 为压电振子可变形部分的长度,R为压电振子上基板与压电片交界面处的弯曲半径,R*为压电振子许用弯曲半径;基板和压电片厚度相等时
Figure RE-GDA0002803543900000021
h为基板的厚度,β=Em/Ep, Em和Ep分别为基板和压电片的杨氏模量,k31
Figure RE-GDA0002803543900000022
分别为压电材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力,η为与胶层厚度有关的修正系数。
优势与特色:结构及激励过程简单、无电磁干扰、无接触冲击和噪音;各转速下压电振子为单向的等幅激励,压电片仅承受量值可控的压应力,故可靠性高、有效频带宽、发电与供电能力强。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个较佳实施例中水轮发电机的结构示意图;
图2是图1的A-A剖视图;
图3是图1中内圈转过180度时的A-A剖视图;
图4是本发明一个较佳实施例中机体的结构示意图;
图5是图4的左视图;
图6是本发明一个较佳实施例中主轴的结构示意图;
图7是图6的左视图;
图8是本发明一个较佳实施例中激励环的结构示意图;
图9是图8的B-B剖视图。
具体实施方式
壳体a的壳右壁a1上设有轴承孔a4、经螺钉安装有电路板i,壳体a的筒壁a2内侧设有定环槽a3、端部经螺钉安装有端盖b,定环槽a3的左右侧壁上都均布地设有同轴的定销孔a5,定销孔a5内安装套有定销套h的定销c,定销c与定销孔a5过盈配合,定销套h置于定环槽a3内;主轴g由左半轴g2和右半轴g1构成,左半轴 g2和右半轴g1之间设有与右半轴g1同轴的轴肩g3,左半轴线g5和右半轴线g4平行但不重合;右半轴g1经轴承j和轴承盖k安装在壳右壁a1上,轴承j置于轴承孔a4内,轴承盖k与轴承孔a4的侧壁间设有密封垫;右半轴 g1的端部经螺钉安装有带叶片y2的轴套y1。
左半轴g2置于壳体a的腔体内,左半轴g2上经滚动体f安装有激励环e,滚动体f为滚珠或滚柱,激励环e的轴孔e1经滚动体f套在左半轴g2上,激励环e的外缘上设有动环槽e3,动环槽e3的左右两侧对称地设有辐板e2,辐板e2的内侧即靠近动环槽e3的一侧均布地设有挡块e5,两个辐板e2上均布地设有同轴的动销孔e4,动销孔e4内安装有套有动销套m的动销n,动销n与动销孔e4过盈配合,动销套m置于动环槽e3内。
压电振子d由基板及其一侧粘接的压电片构成,压电振子d的两端经螺钉分别与定销套耳板h1和动销套耳板m1连接,定销套h和动销套m分别套在定销c和动销n上,动销套m只能绕动销n沿顺时针或逆时针一个方向转动,反向转动时动销套耳板m1与激励环e上的挡块e5接触;压电振子d的压电片靠近挡块e5一侧;各压电振子d经不同的导线组与电路板i相连。
工作中,水流经与叶片y2耦合作用使主轴g转动,激励环e因经压电振子d与壳体a相连而不随主轴g转动;激励环e经滚动体f与左半轴g2产生相对转动、与右半轴g1产生往复径向摆动,动销n和定销c产生相对运动并迫使压电振子d产生往复的弯曲变形发电,所生成的电能经电路板i上的转换电路处理后存储或直接供给传感监测系统。
本发明中,同一压电振子d两端的定销c和动销n的轴线与左半轴线g5和右半轴线g4共面且压电振子d靠近右半轴线g4一侧时:动销套耳板m1顶靠在激励环e的挡块e5上,动销套耳板m1的倾角即动销套耳板m1 的对称中心线与定销c和动销n的中心所连线段间的夹角Q≥0,同一压电振子d两端的定销c与动销n间的距离最长、压电振子d的变形量为最小且大于零,压电振子d存在一定使压电片受压应力的弯曲变形;此后,随主轴g的转动,压电振子d两端的定销c与动销n的间距逐渐缩短、压电振子d的变形量逐渐增加,压电片所受压应力随主轴g转角的增加而增加;主轴g转过180度时,压电振子d两端的动销n与定销c的间距最短、压电振子d弯曲变形量达最大;主轴g进一步转动时,压电振子d两端的动销n与定销c的间距开始逐渐增大、压电振子d弯曲变形量再逐渐减小,主轴g转过360度时压电振子d变形量降至最小,至此完成一次激励。
本发明中,主轴g的转动方向w与压电振子d弯曲变形方向相同,即转轴g的运动方向是从激励环e的挡块e5指向动销孔e4;压电振子d弯曲变形时压电片始终承受压应力,且有:x=L/2-Rsin[L/(2R)]>0、R≥R*其中:x为右半轴线g4和左半轴线g5的间距,L为压电振子d可变形部分的长度,R为压电振子上基板与压电片交界面处的弯曲半径,R*为压电振子d的许用弯曲半径;基板和压电片厚度相等时
Figure RE-GDA0002803543900000031
h为基板的厚度,β=Em/Ep,Em和Ep分别为基板和压电片的杨氏模量,k31
Figure RE-GDA0002803543900000032
分别为压电材料的机电耦合系数和许用压应力,η为与胶层厚度有关的修正系数。

Claims (2)

1.一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机,其特征在于:壳体的壳右壁装有电路板,壳体的筒壁内侧设有定环槽、端部装有端盖,定环槽的左右侧壁上都均布地设有同轴的定销孔,定销孔内安装套有定销套的定销;主轴由左右半轴构成,右半轴安装在壳右壁上,右半轴端部装有带叶片的轴套;左半轴上套有激励环,激励环外缘上设有动环槽,动环槽左右两侧的辐板内侧均布地设有挡块;两个辐板上均布地设有同轴的动销孔,动销孔内安装有套有动销套的动销;压电振子由基板及其一侧粘接的压电片构成,压电振子两端分别与定动销套耳板连接,动销套只能绕动销沿一个方向转动,反向转动时动销套耳板与激励环上的挡块接触;水流经与叶片耦合作用使主轴转动,激励环与左半轴产生相对转动、与右半轴产生往复径向摆动,迫使压电振子产生往复的弯曲变形发电;同一压电振子两端的定动销轴线与左右半轴线共面且压电振子靠近右半轴线一侧时:动销套耳板顶靠在激励环的挡块上,动销套耳板的倾角Q≥0,压电振子存在一定的使压电片受压应力的弯曲变形;主轴的转动方向与压电振子弯曲变形方向相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种河流监测用微型水轮发电机,其特种在于:左右半轴线平行且其间距由下式确定:x=L/2-Rsin[L/(2R)]>0,其中:R≥R*,R为压电振子上基板与压电片交界面处的弯曲半径,R*为压电振子许用弯曲半径,L为压电振子可变形部分的长度。
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