CN112331840B - Nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The patent belongs to the field of new energy materials, and particularly relates to a nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereofxCoyA(1‑x‑y)/nB(1‑x‑y)/nC(1‑x‑y)/nD(1‑x‑y)/n…O2(ii) a Wherein 0.4 ≦ x ≦ 0.8; 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.3, in a ratio of the amounts of the substances; A. b, C, D is selected from Mn, Zn, Mg, Al; n is 3 or 4; the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a metal salt aqueous solution according to a certain proportion, adding the metal salt aqueous solution, a complexing agent and alkali into a reaction container according to a certain proportion, controlling the pH value to keep constant to obtain a precipitate, and washing the precipitate to obtain a product precursor; (2) mixing and roasting the precursor and lithium salt to finally obtain a positive electrode material; the nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy system can effectively improve the performance of the cathode material.
Description
Technical Field
The patent belongs to the field of new energy materials, and particularly relates to a nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Since the 21 st century, with the continuous development of new energy technology, lithium ion batteries have been widely applied in the fields of consumer electronics, new energy automobiles and the like. The positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery is an important component of the lithium ion battery, and the service performance of the lithium ion battery is also influenced. At present, the anode materials of the lithium ion battery are mainly a lithium iron phosphate anode, a ternary layered anode and the like, but the material systems are close to maturity and have small development potential, so that a new anode material system of the lithium ion battery is developed, and the method has important significance for improving the performance of the lithium ion battery.
High Entropy oxide ceramics (HEO), a novel compound, is of wide scientific interest because of its unique properties. High entropy oxide ceramics represent multi-element metal oxide systems that can be crystallized as a single phase, where the different components can be of different crystal structures. Generally, five or more elements share the same atomic sites in high entropy oxide ceramics, forming stable solid solutions. Due to their composition and complexity, these materials generally exhibit excellent properties such as high fracture toughness, high strength, good high/low temperature properties. However, at present, the research on lithium ion battery materials is relatively few, especially in the field of positive electrode materials, so that the research on the performance of the lithium ion battery materials in the positive electrode materials has great scientific and commercial value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, so as to expand a new lithium ion battery cathode material system.
More specifically, the invention relates to a nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for a lithium ion battery, which is characterized in that: the chemical molecular formula of the nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material is LiNixCoyA(1-x-y)/nB(1-x-y)/n C(1-x-y)/n D(1-x-y)/n…O2(ii) a Wherein 0.4 ≦ x ≦ 0.8; 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.3, the ratio being the ratio of the amounts of substances.
Preferably, A, B, C, D is selected from Mn, Zn, Mg or Al.
Preferably, n is 3 or 4.
Preferably, LiNixCoyA(1-x-y)/nB(1-x-y)/n C(1-x-y)/n D(1-x-y)/n…O2Selected from the group consisting of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.025Mg0.025Al0.025Zn0.025O2、LiNi0.5 Co0.3Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2Or LiNi0.7Co0.1Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2。
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for the lithium ion battery, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a metal salt aqueous solution according to the proportion of non-lithium metal elements in a chemical formula, adding the metal salt aqueous solution, a complexing agent and an alkali solution into a reaction container according to a certain proportion, continuously stirring, carrying out nitrogen protection in the reaction process, keeping the pH value and the temperature of the solution stable, obtaining a precipitate, and washing to obtain an electrode material precursor of the hydroxide of multiple elements;
(2) mixing the precursor with lithium salt in proportion, and heating in air to obtain a nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic positive electrode material;
wherein Ni, Co, Mn, Zn and Mg are prepared into sulfate aqueous solution;
al is prepared into sodium salt aqueous solution in an acid form; preferably sodium aluminate;
the lithium salt is lithium carbonate.
Preferably, the concentration of the non-lithium metal element aqueous solution in the step (1) is 0.1M to 3M, preferably 0.1M to 1M.
Preferably, the complexing agent in the step (1) is ammonia water, and the amount of the ammonia water is 0.1-0.3 times of that of the non-lithium metal ions.
Preferably, the alkali in the step (1) is sodium hydroxide, and the concentration of the alkali is 1-3M; the pH of the solution is maintained at 10.5-11.5.
Preferably, the temperature in step (1) is stabilized at 40-90 ℃.
Preferably, the ratio of the lithium element to other metal elements in the step (2) is 1: 1-1.1: 1, preferably 1.05: 1-1.1: 1; the heating temperature is 700 ℃ and 950 ℃, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 6-18 hours, and the preferred time is 12-18 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the method introduces the concept of high-entropy oxide ceramic, and the contents of other elements except Li, Co and Ni in the material components are all up toHomogenization is achieved. As a new material system, the material still keeps the layered alpha-NaFeO2The structure of (1) and (2) is characterized in that other phases are not precipitated, and the elements are uniformly distributed, so that the stable solid solution is formed by the elements except lithium, and lithium ions still have the structure of a ternary layered positive electrode among the layered structures formed by the metal oxide, and the performance of the ternary layered positive electrode is improved to a certain extent compared with that of a ternary positive electrode (comparative example 1), a system (comparative example 2) with completely-averaged elements and a non-high-entropy system (comparative example 3), so that the nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy system can effectively improve the performance of the positive electrode material.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is the XRD pattern of example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of example 1;
FIG. 3 is the XRD pattern of example 2;
FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The described embodiments and their results are only intended to illustrate the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention described in detail in the claims.
Example 1:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into an aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 12:4:1:1:1:1, wherein the nickel sulfate, the cobalt sulfate, the manganese sulfate, the zinc sulfate and the magnesium sulfate are mixed together, the concentration of total metal salt is 1.5M, the concentration of sodium aluminate is separately prepared and is about 0.1M, the mass of ammonia water is 0.2 times of that of metal ions (containing sodium aluminate), and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 3M. Controlling the reaction temperature to be 58 ℃, dropwise adding the solution together under the stirring state, introducing nitrogen to prevent oxidation, keeping the pH of the solution at about 10.8 to obtain a precipitate, continuously washing the precipitate with deionized water, and then drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor of the cathode material.
Uniformly mixing the precursor with lithium carbonate in a ratio of lithium element to other metal elements of 1.05:1,heating in oxygen atmosphere at 875 deg.C at a rate of 5 deg.C/min for 12 hr, cooling to obtain high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2. The material still keeps the layered alpha-NaFeO2The primary particles are about 100-200nm and the secondary particles are about 5-10 μm (FIG. 2). The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 178mAh g after 0.2C test-1。
Example 2:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into an aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, wherein the nickel sulfate, the cobalt sulfate, the manganese sulfate and the magnesium sulfate are mixed together, the total metal salt concentration is 1.5M, the sodium aluminate is prepared separately, the concentration is about 0.1M, the mass of ammonia water is 0.2 times of that of metal ions (containing sodium aluminate), and the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 3M. Controlling the reaction temperature to be 58 ℃, dropwise adding the solution together under the stirring state, introducing nitrogen to prevent oxidation, keeping the pH of the solution at about 10.8 to obtain a precipitate, continuously washing the precipitate with deionized water, and then drying at 100 ℃ to obtain a precursor of the cathode material.
Uniformly mixing the precursor with lithium carbonate according to a ratio of the lithium element to other metal elements of 1.05:1, heating in an oxygen atmosphere at 900 ℃ and a heating rate of 5 ℃/min for 12 hours, and cooling to obtain the high-entropy cathode material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The material still keeps the layered alpha-NaFeO2The primary particles are about 100-200nm and the secondary particles are about 5-20 μm (FIG. 4). The 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 179mAh g-1。
Example 3:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 32:4:1:1:1:1, carrying out mixed firing with lithium carbonate at 780 ℃, and cooling to obtain the high-entropy oxide ceramic positive electrode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.8Co0.1Mn0.025Mg0.025Al0.025Zn0.025O2. 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 183mAh g-1。
Example 4:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 10:6:1:1:1:1, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.5Co0.3Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2. The 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 180mAh g-1。
Example 5:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 14:2:1:1:1:1, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.7Co0.1Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2. The 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 179mAh g-1。
Example 6:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, wherein the mass of ammonia water is 0.1 time of metal ions (containing sodium aluminate), and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 175mAh g after 0.2C test-1。
Example 7:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, wherein the mass of ammonia water is 0.3 time of metal ions (containing sodium aluminate), and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 176mAh g-1。
Example 8:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, controlling the precipitation reaction temperature to be 40 ℃, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic positive electrode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 178mAh g after 0.2C test-1。
Example 9:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, controlling the precipitation reaction temperature to be 90 ℃, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 175mAh g after 0.2C test-1。
Example 10:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, wherein the reaction pH value is 10.5, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 174mAh g-1。
Example 11:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, wherein the reaction pH value is 11.5, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 175mAh g after 0.2C test-1。
Example 12:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, reacting the aqueous solution with lithium carbonate at the temperature of 700 ℃, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20. 6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 177mAh g after 0.2C test-1。
Example 13:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 9:3:1:1:1, reacting the aqueous solution with lithium carbonate at the temperature of 950 ℃, and obtaining the high-entropy oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20. 6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2. The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 175mAh g after 0.2C test-1。
Comparative example 1:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1, cooling the aqueous solution under the same conditions as in example 1 to obtain the oxide ceramic cathode material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2. The 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 156mAh g-1。
Comparative example 2:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 16:5:3:2:1, and obtaining the high-entropy cathode material LiNi under the same reaction conditions as in example 10.6Co0.2Mn0.12Mg0.08Al0.04O2. The 0.2C test shows that the discharge capacity of the electrode material is 153mAh g-1。
Comparative example 3:
preparing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and sodium aluminate into aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, and cooling to obtain the high-entropy cathode material LiNi under the same conditions as in example 20.2Co0.2Mn0.2Mg0.2Al0.2O2. The discharge capacity of the electrode material is 133mAh g-1。
Claims (10)
1. The nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the chemical molecular formula of the nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material is LiNixCoyA（1-x-y）/nB（1-x-y）/n C（1-x-y）/n D（1-x-y）/nO2(ii) a Wherein 0.4 ≦ x ≦ 0.8; 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.3, in a ratio of the amounts of the substances;
A. b, C, D is selected from Mn, Zn, Mg, Al;
n is 3 or 4.
2. The nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, characterized in that:
LiNixCoyA（1-x-y）/nB（1-x-y）/n C（1-x-y）/n D（1-x-y）/nO2selected from the group consisting of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.0667Mg0.0667Al0.0667O2、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.025Mg0.025Al0.025Zn0.025O2、LiNi0.5Co0.3 Mn0.05Mg0.05 Al0.05Zn0.05O2Or LiNi0.7Co0.1Mn0.05Mg0.05Al0.05Zn0.05O2。
3. The preparation method of the nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic cathode material for the lithium ion battery, which is disclosed by claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing a metal salt aqueous solution according to the proportion of non-lithium metal elements in a chemical formula, adding the metal salt aqueous solution, a complexing agent and an alkali solution into a reaction container according to a certain proportion, continuously stirring, carrying out nitrogen protection in the reaction process, keeping the pH value and the temperature of the solution stable, obtaining a precipitate, and washing to obtain an electrode material precursor of the hydroxide of multiple elements;
(2) mixing the precursor with lithium salt in proportion, and heating in air to obtain a nickel-cobalt-rich high-entropy ceramic positive electrode material;
wherein Ni, Co, Mn, Zn and Mg are prepared into sulfate aqueous solution;
al is prepared into sodium salt aqueous solution in an acid form;
the lithium salt is lithium carbonate.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the concentration of the non-lithium metal element aqueous solution in the step (1) is 0.1-3M.
5. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the concentration of the non-lithium metal element aqueous solution in the step (1) is 0.1-1M.
6. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the complexing agent in the step (1) is ammonia water, and the amount of the ammonia water is 0.1-0.3 times of that of metal ions in the aqueous solution.
7. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the alkali in the step (1) is sodium hydroxide, and the concentration of the alkali is 1-3M; the pH of the solution is maintained at 10.5-11.5.
8. The process according to claim 3, wherein the temperature in the step (1) is stabilized at 40 to 90 degrees CoC。
9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the lithium element to the other metal elements in the lithium salt in the step (2) is 1:1 to 1.1: 1; the heating temperature is 700- oAnd C, keeping for 6-18 hours.
10. According toThe preparation method as set forth in claim 3, characterized in that the heating temperature in the step (2) is 700-950- oC, the heating rate is 5-10 oC/min。
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