CN112331409B - Double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for superconducting cable - Google Patents
Double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for superconducting cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN112331409B CN112331409B CN202011096573.0A CN202011096573A CN112331409B CN 112331409 B CN112331409 B CN 112331409B CN 202011096573 A CN202011096573 A CN 202011096573A CN 112331409 B CN112331409 B CN 112331409B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/16—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Abstract
The invention provides a double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for a superconducting cable, which comprises a low-temperature dewar pipe and an electrified conductor arranged in an inner cavity of the low-temperature dewar pipe; comprising the following steps: the first liquid nitrogen channel is arranged in the inner cavity of the electric lead-through conductor; the second liquid nitrogen channel is arranged between the low-temperature Dewar tube and the electrified conductor; the first liquid nitrogen channel is communicated with the second liquid nitrogen channel at a position close to one end part of the superconducting cable; the first refrigerating system is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable, the second refrigerating system is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable, the first refrigerating system sends liquid nitrogen into the first liquid nitrogen channel through the first cooling pipeline, the liquid nitrogen flows through the first liquid nitrogen channel and then is sent into the second refrigerating system for refrigerating, the refrigerated liquid nitrogen is sent into the second liquid nitrogen channel, and the refrigerated liquid nitrogen flows back to the first refrigerating system for refrigerating after passing through the second liquid nitrogen channel. The refrigeration system has a simple structure, and can enable the superconducting cable to run in a proper liquid helium temperature zone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting cables, in particular to a double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for a superconducting cable.
Background
The high-temperature superconducting cable system is an electric power facility which adopts a non-resistance superconducting material capable of transmitting high current density as a conductor and transmitting large current, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low loss and large transmission capacity, and can realize low-loss, high-efficiency and high-capacity power transmission. The high-temperature superconducting cable system is first applied to occasions for transmitting power in short distance (such as a generator to a transformer, a transformation center to a transformer substation, an underground transformer substation to an urban power grid port), occasions for transmitting large current in short distance of electroplating plants, power plants, transformer substations and the like, and occasions for transmitting large or ultra-large urban power. Since the critical temperature of superconductors is typically below 20K, superconducting cables are typically run in 4.2K of liquid helium.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for a superconducting cable, which is simple in structure and can enable the superconducting cable to operate in a proper liquid helium temperature zone.
To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a double-ended counter-current refrigeration system for a superconducting cable including a low-temperature dewar tube and an energizing conductor disposed in an inner cavity of the low-temperature dewar tube; comprising the following steps:
the first liquid nitrogen channel is arranged in the inner cavity of the electrified conductor;
the second liquid nitrogen channel is arranged between the low-temperature Dewar tube and the electrified conductor; the first liquid nitrogen channel is communicated with the second liquid nitrogen channel at a position close to one end part of the superconducting cable;
the first refrigerating system is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable, and is connected with the first liquid nitrogen channel through a first cooling pipeline and connected with the second liquid nitrogen channel through a second cooling pipeline;
the second refrigerating system is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable, is connected with the first liquid nitrogen channel through a third cooling pipeline and is connected with the second liquid nitrogen channel through a fourth cooling pipeline;
the first refrigerating system sends liquid nitrogen into the first liquid nitrogen channel through the first cooling pipeline, the liquid nitrogen flows through the first liquid nitrogen channel and the third cooling pipeline and then is sent into the second refrigerating system for refrigerating, the refrigerated liquid nitrogen is sent into the second liquid nitrogen channel through the fourth cooling pipeline, and the refrigerated liquid nitrogen flows back to the first refrigerating system for refrigerating after passing through the second liquid nitrogen channel and the second cooling pipeline.
Optionally, the energizing conductor is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and is sequentially wound with a flexible framework, a first insulating layer, an A-phase superconducting layer, a second insulating layer, a B-phase superconducting layer, a third insulating layer, a C-phase superconducting layer, a shielding layer, a fifth insulating layer and a protective layer from inside to outside;
the system further comprises: a third liquid nitrogen channel arranged between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer, and a fourth liquid nitrogen channel arranged between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer;
the first refrigerating system is connected with the third liquid nitrogen channel through a fifth cooling pipeline, and is connected with the fourth liquid nitrogen channel through a sixth cooling pipeline;
the second refrigerating system is connected with the third liquid nitrogen channel through a seventh cooling pipeline and is connected with the fourth liquid nitrogen channel through an eighth cooling pipeline;
the first refrigerating system sends liquid nitrogen into the third liquid nitrogen channel through the fifth cooling pipeline, the liquid nitrogen flows through the third liquid nitrogen channel and the seventh cooling pipeline and then is sent into the second refrigerating system for refrigerating, the refrigerated liquid nitrogen is sent into the fourth liquid nitrogen channel through the eighth cooling pipeline, and the refrigerated liquid nitrogen flows back to the first refrigerating system for refrigerating after passing through the fourth liquid nitrogen channel and the sixth cooling pipeline.
Optionally, the third liquid nitrogen channel and the fourth liquid nitrogen channel are microfluidic channels, and a fiber net is disposed between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer, and between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer, and is used for maintaining the microfluidic channels between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer, and between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer.
Optionally, the fiber web is wound on the outer wall surface of the second insulating layer and the outer wall surface of the B-phase superconducting layer in a spiral winding mode respectively.
Optionally, the first refrigeration system comprises a first liquid nitrogen tank, a first subcooler, a first cryocooler, a first liquid nitrogen pump and a first pressurizer, wherein the first subcooler comprises a first shell and a first coil pipe arranged in the first shell; liquid nitrogen is stored in the first liquid nitrogen tank; the first liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the first subcooler through a first connecting pipeline, and liquid nitrogen is sent into a first shell of the first subcooler; the first coil pipe comprises a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet;
the second refrigerating system comprises a second liquid nitrogen tank, a second subcooler, a second cryocooler, a second liquid nitrogen pump and a second pressurizer, and the second subcooler comprises a second shell and a second coil pipe arranged in the second shell; liquid nitrogen is stored in the second liquid nitrogen tank; the second liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the second subcooler through a second connecting pipeline, and liquid nitrogen is sent into a second shell of the second subcooler; the second coil pipe comprises a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet;
the first liquid outlet is connected with the first cooling pipeline, and the first liquid inlet is connected with the second cooling pipeline; the second liquid inlet is connected with the third cooling pipeline, and the second liquid outlet is connected with the fourth cooling pipeline;
the first cryocooler is used for cooling liquid nitrogen in the first shell of the first subcooler to a supercooled state, wherein the supercooled state liquid nitrogen is used for carrying out heat exchange on the liquid nitrogen in the first coil pipe so as to realize cooling of the liquid nitrogen in the first coil pipe; the second cryocooler is used for cooling liquid nitrogen in a second shell of the second subcooler to a subcooled state, and the liquid nitrogen in the subcooled state is used for carrying out heat exchange on the liquid nitrogen in the second coil pipe so as to realize cooling of the liquid nitrogen in the second coil pipe;
the first liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the first cooling pipeline, the second liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the fourth cooling pipeline, and the first liquid nitrogen pump and the second liquid nitrogen pump are used for providing power for the circulating flow of liquid nitrogen; a third connecting pipeline is connected between the first connecting pipeline and the first cooling pipeline; the first pressurizer is arranged on the third connecting pipeline, and a fourth connecting pipeline is connected between the second connecting pipeline and the fourth cooling pipeline; the second pressurizer is arranged on the fourth connecting pipeline, and the first pressurizer and the second pressurizer are used for carrying out secondary pressurization to meet the power requirement of liquid nitrogen circulating flow when the power provided by the first liquid nitrogen pump is insufficient.
Optionally, a third coil is further arranged in the first shell, the third coil comprises a third liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet, the third liquid outlet is connected with the fifth cooling pipeline, and the third liquid inlet is connected with the eighth cooling pipeline; the fifth cooling pipeline is provided with a third liquid nitrogen pump which is used for providing power for the circulating flow of liquid nitrogen;
a fourth coil is further arranged in the second shell, the fourth coil comprises a fourth liquid inlet and a fourth liquid outlet, the fourth liquid inlet is connected with the seventh cooling pipeline, and the fourth liquid outlet is connected with the eighth cooling pipeline; and a fourth liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the eighth cooling pipeline and is used for providing power for the circulating flow of liquid nitrogen.
Optionally, the first cryocooler comprises at least a first heater and a first vacuum pump; the first subcooler, the first heater and the first vacuum pump are connected through pipelines in sequence; the first vacuum pump is used for pumping out nitrogen in the subcooler and refrigerating liquid nitrogen in the shell in an evacuating and decompressing refrigeration mode; the first heater is used for heating the nitrogen before entering the first vacuum pump;
the second cryocooler at least comprises a second heater and a second vacuum pump; the second subcooler, the second heater and the second vacuum pump are connected through pipelines in sequence; the second vacuum pump is used for pumping out nitrogen in the subcooler and refrigerating liquid nitrogen in the shell in an evacuating and decompressing refrigeration mode; the second heater is used for heating the nitrogen before entering the second vacuum pump.
The embodiment of the invention provides a double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for a superconducting cable, which comprises a first liquid nitrogen channel, a second liquid nitrogen channel and a refrigeration system, wherein the first liquid nitrogen channel is arranged in an inner cavity of a conductive body, the second liquid nitrogen channel is arranged between a low-temperature Dewar tube and the conductive body, and the refrigeration system is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable; the first liquid nitrogen channel is communicated with the second liquid nitrogen channel at a position close to one end part of the superconducting cable; the refrigerating system is connected with the first liquid nitrogen channel through a first cooling pipeline and connected with the second liquid nitrogen channel through a second cooling pipeline, and is used for providing liquid nitrogen, and sending the liquid nitrogen into the first liquid nitrogen channel through the first cooling pipeline, and the liquid nitrogen flows through the first liquid nitrogen channel and the second liquid nitrogen channel in sequence and then flows back to the refrigerating system for refrigerating. The refrigerating system provided by the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, and can enable the superconducting cable to run in a proper liquid helium temperature zone.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-ended countercurrent refrigeration system for a superconducting cable according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a superconducting cable energizing conductor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a web structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first refrigeration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second refrigeration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The marks in the figure: 1-low temperature dewar pipe, 11-first liquid nitrogen channel, 12-second liquid nitrogen channel, 13-third liquid nitrogen channel, 14-fourth liquid nitrogen channel, 2-electric conductor, 21-flexible skeleton, 22-first insulating layer, 23-A phase superconducting layer, 24-second insulating layer, 25-B phase superconducting layer, 26-third insulating layer, 27-C phase superconducting layer, 28-fourth insulating layer, 29-copper shielding layer, 210-fifth insulating layer, 211-protective layer, 3-first refrigerating system, 31-first liquid nitrogen tank, 321-first shell, 322-first coil, 323-third coil, 331-first heater, 332-first vacuum pump, 341-first liquid nitrogen pump, 342-third liquid nitrogen pump, 35-first pressurizer, 4-second refrigerating system, 41-second liquid nitrogen tank, 421-second shell, 422-second coil, 423-fourth coil, 431-second heater, 432-second vacuum pump, 441-second liquid nitrogen pump, 442-second pressurizer; 301-first cooling duct, 302-second cooling duct, 303-fifth cooling duct, 304-sixth cooling duct, 401-third cooling duct, 402-fourth cooling duct, 403-seventh cooling duct, 404-eighth cooling duct, 305-first connecting duct, 306-third connecting duct, 405-second connecting duct, 406-fourth connecting duct.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in the following examples in order to provide a better illustration of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, well known means have not been described in detail in order to not obscure the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a double-ended counter-current refrigeration system for a superconducting cable including a cryogenic dewar tube 1 and an energizing conductor 2 disposed in an inner cavity of the cryogenic dewar tube 1; comprising the following steps:
a first liquid nitrogen channel 11 provided in an inner cavity of the energizing conductor 2;
a second liquid nitrogen channel 12 provided between the cryogenic dewar pipe 1 and the current-carrying conductor 2; wherein, the first liquid nitrogen channel 11 is communicated with the second liquid nitrogen channel 12 at a position close to one end part of the superconducting cable;
the first refrigerating system 3 is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable, the first refrigerating system 3 is connected with the first liquid nitrogen channel 11 through a first cooling pipeline 301, and is connected with the second liquid nitrogen channel 12 through a second cooling pipeline 302;
the second refrigerating system 4 is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable, the second refrigerating system 4 is connected with the first liquid nitrogen channel 11 through a third cooling pipeline 401, and is connected with the second liquid nitrogen channel 12 through a fourth cooling pipeline 402;
the first refrigeration system 3 sends liquid nitrogen into the first liquid nitrogen channel 11 through the first cooling pipeline 301, the liquid nitrogen flows through the first liquid nitrogen channel 11 and the third cooling pipeline 401 and then is sent into the second refrigeration system 4 to be refrigerated, the refrigerated liquid nitrogen is sent into the second liquid nitrogen channel 12 through the fourth cooling pipeline 402, and the liquid nitrogen flows back to the first refrigeration system 3 to be refrigerated after passing through the second liquid nitrogen channel 12 and the second cooling pipeline 302.
Optionally, the energizing conductor 2 is in a hollow cylindrical structure, and is sequentially wound with a flexible skeleton 21, a first insulating layer 22, an a-phase superconducting layer 23, a second insulating layer 24, a B-phase superconducting layer 25, a third insulating layer 26, a C-phase superconducting layer 27, a fourth insulating layer 28, a shielding layer 29, a fifth insulating layer 210 and a protective layer 211 from inside to outside;
the system further comprises: a third liquid nitrogen channel 13 provided between the B-phase superconducting layer 25 and the second insulating layer 22, and a fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14 provided between the B-phase superconducting layer 25 and the third insulating layer 26;
the first refrigerating system 3 is connected with the third liquid nitrogen channel 13 through a fifth cooling pipeline 303, and is connected with the fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14 through a sixth cooling pipeline 304;
the second refrigerating system 4 is connected with the third liquid nitrogen channel 13 through a seventh cooling pipeline 403, and is connected with the fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14 through an eighth cooling pipeline 404;
the first refrigeration system 3 sends liquid nitrogen into the third liquid nitrogen channel 13 through the fifth cooling pipeline 303, the liquid nitrogen flows through the third liquid nitrogen channel 13 and the seventh cooling pipeline 403 and then is sent into the second refrigeration system 4 for refrigeration, the refrigerated liquid nitrogen is sent into the fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14 through the eighth cooling pipeline 404, and the liquid nitrogen flows back to the first refrigeration system 3 for refrigeration after passing through the fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14 and the sixth cooling pipeline 304.
Specifically, the cooling system comprises four liquid nitrogen channels, and the hollow part of the flexible skeleton forms a first liquid nitrogen channel 11; a second liquid nitrogen channel 12 is formed by a gap between the inner wall surface of the low-temperature Dewar tube 1 and the outer wall surface of the protective layer; a third liquid nitrogen channel 13 is formed by a gap between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer; a gap between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer forms a fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14; the first liquid nitrogen channel 11, the second liquid nitrogen channel 12, the third liquid nitrogen channel 13 and the fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14 are used for circulating liquid nitrogen so as to cool the electrified conductor 2; by the above arrangement, the heat conduction path of the intermediate B-phase superconducting layer of the superconducting cable is shortened, and the heat stability thereof can be improved.
Optionally, the third liquid nitrogen channel 13 and the fourth liquid nitrogen channel 14 are microfluidic channels, and a fiber web is disposed between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer, and between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer, and is used for maintaining the microfluidic channels between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer, and between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer.
Specifically, in order to improve the cooling effect of the B-phase superconducting layer of the superconducting cable, the present embodiment introduces "microfluidic channels" in the adjacent layers of the B-phase conductor. The micro-flow channel is introduced into the middle of the functional layers such as the insulating layer between the A-B phase and the B-C phase through the micro-support structure, and the micro-flow channel is filled with liquid nitrogen after being filled with the liquid nitrogen, so that a good low-temperature environment is provided for the B-phase conductor. However, because the space of the micro-flow channel is small, the surface viscosity force is dominant, the Reynolds number is very large, and the macroscopic refrigeration process cannot be obviously influenced.
Wherein the support structure of the micro-flow channel adopts a special fiber net, and the mesh, the relative thickness of the warp and the weft of the fiber net are selected based on the CFD calculation result of the micro-flow channel as shown in figure 3.
Optionally, the fiber web is wound on the outer wall surface of the second insulating layer and the outer wall surface of the B-phase superconductive layer by a spiral winding manner, for example, as shown in fig. 3.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 4, the first refrigeration system 3 includes a first liquid nitrogen tank 31, a first subcooler, a first cryocooler, a first liquid nitrogen pump 341, and a first pressurizer 35, the first subcooler includes a first housing 321 and a first coil 322 disposed in the first housing 321; liquid nitrogen is stored in the first liquid nitrogen tank 31; the first liquid nitrogen tank 31 is connected with the first subcooler through a first connecting pipeline 305, and sends liquid nitrogen into a first shell 321 of the first subcooler; the first coil 322 includes a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet;
referring to fig. 5, the second refrigeration system 4 includes a second liquid nitrogen tank 41, a second subcooler, a second cryocooler, a second liquid nitrogen pump 441, and a second pressurizer 45, wherein the second subcooler includes a second shell 421 and a second coil 422 disposed in the second shell 421; liquid nitrogen is stored in the second liquid nitrogen tank 41; the second liquid nitrogen tank 41 is connected with the second subcooler through a second connecting pipeline 405, and sends liquid nitrogen into a second shell 421 of the second subcooler; the second coil 422 includes a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet;
the first liquid outlet is connected with the first cooling pipeline 301, and the first liquid inlet is connected with the second cooling pipeline 302; the second liquid inlet is connected with the third cooling pipeline 401, and the second liquid outlet is connected with the fourth cooling pipeline 402;
the first cryocooler is configured to cool the liquid nitrogen in the first casing 321 of the first subcooler to a subcooled state, where the liquid nitrogen in the subcooled state is configured to perform heat exchange on the liquid nitrogen in the first coil 322 to achieve cooling of the liquid nitrogen in the first coil 322; the second cryocooler is configured to cool the liquid nitrogen in the second shell 421 of the second subcooler to a subcooled state, where the liquid nitrogen in the subcooled state is configured to perform heat exchange on the liquid nitrogen in the second coil 422 to achieve cooling of the liquid nitrogen in the second coil 422;
the first liquid nitrogen pump 341 is disposed on the first cooling pipeline 301, the second liquid nitrogen pump 441 is disposed on the fourth cooling pipeline 402, and the first liquid nitrogen pump 341 and the second liquid nitrogen pump 441 are used for providing power for the circulating flow of liquid nitrogen; a third connecting pipe 306 is connected between the first connecting pipe 305 and the first cooling pipe 301; the first pressurizer 35 is disposed on the third connecting pipe 306, and a fourth connecting pipe 406 is connected between the second connecting pipe 405 and the fourth cooling pipe 402; the second pressurizer 45 is disposed on the fourth connecting pipe 406, and the first pressurizer 35 and the second pressurizer 45 are configured to perform secondary pressurization to meet the power requirement of the circulating flow of the liquid nitrogen when the power provided by the first liquid nitrogen pump 341 is insufficient.
Optionally, a third coil 323 is further disposed in the first casing 321, where the third coil 323 includes a third liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet, the third liquid outlet is connected to the fifth cooling pipe 303, and the third liquid inlet is connected to the eighth cooling pipe 404; a third liquid nitrogen pump 342 is arranged on the fifth cooling pipeline 303 and is used for providing power for the circulating flow of the liquid nitrogen;
a fourth coil 423 is further disposed in the second casing 421, and the fourth coil 423 includes a fourth liquid inlet and a fourth liquid outlet, the fourth liquid inlet is connected to the seventh cooling pipe 403, and the fourth liquid outlet is connected to the eighth cooling pipe 404; a fourth liquid nitrogen pump 442 is disposed on the eighth cooling pipe 404 for powering the circulating flow of the liquid nitrogen.
Optionally, the first cryocooler includes at least a first heater 331, a first vacuum pump 332; the first subcooler, the first heater 331 and the first vacuum pump 332 are connected in sequence by pipes; the first vacuum pump 332 is configured to pump nitrogen in the subcooler, and utilize an evacuating and depressurizing refrigeration mode to refrigerate liquid nitrogen in the housing; the first heater 331 is used for heating the nitrogen before entering the first vacuum pump 332;
the second cryocooler comprises at least a second heater 431 and a second vacuum pump 432; the second subcooler, the second heater 431 and the second vacuum pump 432 are connected in sequence through a pipeline; the second vacuum pump 432 is configured to pump nitrogen in the subcooler, and utilize an evacuating and depressurizing refrigeration mode to refrigerate liquid nitrogen in the housing; the second heater 431 is used to heat the nitrogen before entering the second vacuum pump 432.
Specifically, this embodiment adopts evacuation decompression refrigeration, and its physical principle is that the pressure decrease leads to a boiling point decrease. The nitrogen above the heat exchanger is continuously pumped away by the first vacuum pump 332 and the second vacuum pump 432, so that the saturated vapor pressure of the gas liquid level is reduced, the boiling point of the liquid nitrogen is reduced, and the low-temperature supercooled liquid nitrogen is obtained. Since the first vacuum pump 332 and the second vacuum pump 432 are not resistant to low temperatures, the first heater 331 and the second heater 431 are heated before entering the first vacuum pump 332 and the second vacuum pump 432, respectively. Because nitrogen is continuously pumped away, the liquid nitrogen needs to be timely supplemented. It may be provided that several pressure relief valves are provided on the respective pipes as safety measures.
It will be appreciated that after the first vacuum pump 332 and the second vacuum pump 432, a means of storing nitrogen gas may be connected to store the pumped nitrogen gas.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. A double-ended counter-current refrigeration system for a superconducting cable, the superconducting cable comprising a cryogenic dewar and an electrical conductor disposed in an interior cavity of the cryogenic dewar; the power-on conductor is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and is sequentially wound with a flexible framework, a first insulating layer, an A-phase superconducting layer, a second insulating layer, a B-phase superconducting layer, a third insulating layer, a C-phase superconducting layer, a fourth insulating layer, a shielding layer, a fifth insulating layer and a protective layer from inside to outside;
the double-end countercurrent refrigeration system comprises a first liquid nitrogen channel, a second liquid nitrogen channel, a third liquid nitrogen channel, a fourth liquid nitrogen channel, a first refrigeration system and a second refrigeration system;
the first liquid nitrogen channel is arranged in the inner cavity of the electrified conductor; the second liquid nitrogen channel is arranged between the low-temperature dewar pipe and the electrified conductor; the first liquid nitrogen channel is communicated with the second liquid nitrogen channel at a position close to one end part of the superconducting cable; the third liquid nitrogen channel is arranged between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer; the fourth liquid nitrogen channel is arranged between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer; the third liquid nitrogen channel and the fourth liquid nitrogen channel are microfluidic channels, and fiber nets are arranged between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer and between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer and used for maintaining the microfluidic channels between the B-phase superconducting layer and the second insulating layer and between the B-phase superconducting layer and the third insulating layer;
the first refrigerating system is arranged at one end of the superconducting cable, and is connected with the first liquid nitrogen channel through a first cooling pipeline and connected with the second liquid nitrogen channel through a second cooling pipeline; the first refrigerating system comprises a first liquid nitrogen tank, a first subcooler, a first cryocooler, a first liquid nitrogen pump and a first pressurizer, wherein the first subcooler comprises a first shell and a first coil pipe arranged in the first shell; liquid nitrogen is stored in the first liquid nitrogen tank; the first liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the first subcooler through a first connecting pipeline, and liquid nitrogen is sent into a first shell of the first subcooler; the first coil comprises a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the first liquid outlet is connected with the first cooling pipeline, and the first liquid inlet is connected with the second cooling pipeline; the first liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the first cooling pipeline and is used for providing power for circulating flow of liquid nitrogen; a third connecting pipeline is connected between the first connecting pipeline and the first cooling pipeline; the first pressurizer is arranged on the third connecting pipeline; the first pressurizer is used for carrying out secondary pressurization when the power provided by the first liquid nitrogen pump is insufficient so as to meet the power requirement of liquid nitrogen circulating flow; the first cryocooler at least comprises a first heater and a first vacuum pump; the first subcooler, the first heater and the first vacuum pump are connected through pipelines in sequence; the first vacuum pump is used for pumping out nitrogen in the subcooler, and cooling liquid nitrogen in the first shell to a supercooled state by utilizing an evacuating and decompressing refrigeration mode, so that heat exchange is performed on the liquid nitrogen in the first coil pipe to realize cooling of the liquid nitrogen in the first coil pipe; the first heater is used for heating the nitrogen before entering the first vacuum pump; the first refrigerating system sends liquid nitrogen into the first liquid nitrogen channel through the first cooling pipeline, the liquid nitrogen flows through the first liquid nitrogen channel and the third cooling pipeline and then is sent into the second refrigerating system for refrigerating, the refrigerated liquid nitrogen is sent into the second liquid nitrogen channel through the fourth cooling pipeline, and the liquid nitrogen flows back to the first refrigerating system for refrigerating after passing through the second liquid nitrogen channel and the second cooling pipeline; the first refrigerating system is connected with the third liquid nitrogen channel through a fifth cooling pipeline, and is connected with the fourth liquid nitrogen channel through a sixth cooling pipeline;
the second refrigerating system is arranged at the other end of the superconducting cable, and is connected with the first liquid nitrogen channel through a third cooling pipeline and connected with the second liquid nitrogen channel through a fourth cooling pipeline; the second refrigerating system comprises a second liquid nitrogen tank, a second subcooler, a second cryocooler, a second liquid nitrogen pump and a second pressurizer, and the second subcooler comprises a second shell and a second coil pipe arranged in the second shell; liquid nitrogen is stored in the second liquid nitrogen tank; the second liquid nitrogen tank is connected with the second subcooler through a second connecting pipeline, and liquid nitrogen is sent into a second shell of the second subcooler; the second coil pipe comprises a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, the second liquid inlet is connected with the third cooling pipeline, and the second liquid outlet is connected with the fourth cooling pipeline; the second liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the fourth cooling pipeline and is used for providing power for the circulating flow of liquid nitrogen; a fourth connecting pipeline is connected between the second connecting pipeline and the fourth cooling pipeline; the second pressurizer is arranged on the fourth connecting pipeline and is used for performing secondary pressurization to meet the power requirement of liquid nitrogen circulating flow when the power provided by the second liquid nitrogen pump is insufficient; the second cryocooler at least comprises a second heater and a second vacuum pump; the second subcooler, the second heater and the second vacuum pump are connected through pipelines in sequence; the second vacuum pump is used for pumping out nitrogen in the subcooler, and cooling liquid nitrogen in the second shell to a supercooled state by utilizing an evacuating and decompressing refrigeration mode so as to perform heat exchange on the liquid nitrogen in the second coil pipe and realize cooling of the liquid nitrogen in the second coil pipe; the second heater is used for heating the nitrogen before entering the second vacuum pump; the second refrigerating system is connected with the third liquid nitrogen channel through a seventh cooling pipeline and is connected with the fourth liquid nitrogen channel through an eighth cooling pipeline; the first refrigerating system sends liquid nitrogen into the third liquid nitrogen channel through the fifth cooling pipeline, the liquid nitrogen flows through the third liquid nitrogen channel and the seventh cooling pipeline and then is sent into the second refrigerating system for refrigerating, the refrigerated liquid nitrogen is sent into the fourth liquid nitrogen channel through the eighth cooling pipeline, and the refrigerated liquid nitrogen flows back to the first refrigerating system for refrigerating after passing through the fourth liquid nitrogen channel and the sixth cooling pipeline.
2. The double-ended counter-current refrigeration system for a superconducting cable of claim 1, wherein a third coil is further disposed within the first housing, the third coil including a third liquid inlet and a third liquid outlet, the third liquid outlet being connected to the fifth cooling conduit, the third liquid inlet being connected to the eighth cooling conduit; the fifth cooling pipeline is provided with a third liquid nitrogen pump which is used for providing power for the circulating flow of liquid nitrogen;
a fourth coil is further arranged in the second shell, the fourth coil comprises a fourth liquid inlet and a fourth liquid outlet, the fourth liquid inlet is connected with the seventh cooling pipeline, and the fourth liquid outlet is connected with the eighth cooling pipeline; and a fourth liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the eighth cooling pipeline and is used for providing power for the circulating flow of liquid nitrogen.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011096573.0A CN112331409B (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for superconducting cable |
| PCT/CN2020/124509 WO2022077569A1 (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-28 | Double-ended countercurrent refrigeration system for superconducting cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011096573.0A CN112331409B (en) | 2020-10-14 | 2020-10-14 | Double-end countercurrent refrigeration system for superconducting cable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112331409A CN112331409A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
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| CN110600192B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-30 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Superconducting cable |
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| CN102759231A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2012-10-31 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Normal-pressure/negative-pressure liquid nitrogen subcooler system |
| JP2014107911A (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-09 | Mayekawa Mfg Co Ltd | Superconductive power transmission system, and structure with the system |
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| CN211125168U (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-07-28 | 上海电缆研究所有限公司 | Superconducting cable with return current path |
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