CN112327361A - Inclination interference elimination method based on linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation - Google Patents

Inclination interference elimination method based on linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation Download PDF

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CN112327361A
CN112327361A CN202011188353.0A CN202011188353A CN112327361A CN 112327361 A CN112327361 A CN 112327361A CN 202011188353 A CN202011188353 A CN 202011188353A CN 112327361 A CN112327361 A CN 112327361A
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tracking
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axis
seismic
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CN112327361B (en
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谭军
赵波
宋鹏
李金山
夏冬明
姜秀萍
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Ocean University of China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/30—Noise handling
    • G01V2210/32—Noise reduction

Abstract

The invention relates to a linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation-based tilt interference elimination method, and belongs to the field of seismic data processing and analysis. The invention provides a tilt interference elimination method based on linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation, which mainly comprises the following four steps: 1) creating a high-resolution tilt superposition spectrum; 2) tracking a linear in-phase axis based on the high-resolution tilt stack spectrum; 3) performing linear interference homophase axis attenuation by using FK fan filtering; 4) and performing linear interference homophase axis tracking suppression for multiple iterations. Compared with the traditional FK apparent velocity filtering method, the method only carries out suppression processing in a short time window to which the linear interference homophase axis belongs, and reduces the possibility of damaging effective signals; the tilt linear interference homophase axis is corrected to be horizontal through recording rearrangement, and then the FK fan-shaped filtering method is used for suppressing, so that the spatial spurious generated when large-tilt-angle linear interference is filtered is effectively avoided.

Description

Inclination interference elimination method based on linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic data processing and analysis, in particular to an oblique interference elimination method applied to seismic data.
Background
The seismic exploration method applied to oil and gas exploration is mainly a reflection wave method, which generally considers that primary reflection is effective, and direct waves, refracted waves, surface waves and the like are interference waves. The strong amplitude coherent noise with linear same phase axes not only can interfere the processing effects of steps such as random noise attenuation, ghost wave and multiple wave suppression, but also can influence the authenticity and reliability of seismic imaging, and further misleads the subsequent seismic geological interpretation.
The interference of direct waves, shallow refracted waves and the like can be generally directly removed from the record, but effective reflected signals in a far offset channel are lost; if the FK sector filtering method is used to eliminate the spatial aliasing, spatial aliasing with strong amplitude is generated in the corresponding suppression result. Therefore, the method for eliminating the strong linear interference with the amplitude protection and the high efficiency has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tilt interference elimination method based on linear in-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation. Firstly, on the basis of inputting an original shot gather record, establishing a high-resolution oblique superposition spectrum by using an in-phase weighting technology; then, linear interference homophase axes in a space-time domain are determined through a homophase axis tracking technology, and finally FK fan filtering of a short time window is applied for suppressing. Because the suppression processing is only carried out in a short time window to which the linear interference homophase axis belongs, the possibility of damaging effective signals is reduced, and the generation of spatial false frequency is avoided.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for eliminating the tilt interference based on the linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation comprises the following specific steps:
1) establishing a high-resolution oblique stack spectrum in field seismic exploration, and exciting seismic waves through an artificial seismic source to obtain a seismic record of linear interference waves including direct waves, refracted waves or surface waves; aiming at the gradient zero offset time tau, carrying out linear time difference correction and superposition processing on the input original shot gather records according to a series of ray speeds, wherein the process is a positive process of oblique superposition transformation
Figure BDA0002752067450000021
In the formula: x, t, p and τ are offset, travel time, ray velocity and zero offset, x1And x2Respectively representing a minimum offset distance and a maximum offset distance, and d and u respectively represent offset distance domain recording and tilt superposition recording;
calculating the weighting factor s (p, tau) of each ray velocity value, i.e. the weighting factor has a larger value when the inphase axis of the ray velocity exists in the seismic record, and has a smaller or zero value otherwise
Figure BDA0002752067450000022
Where x, t, p and τ are offset, travel time, ray velocity and zero offset, respectively, d represents the offset field record, l represents the time window length, NxTaking the number of tracks recorded in an offset domain, taking C as a damping factor, and taking 0.01-0.001 of the average amplitude of the seismic record;
weighting the oblique superposition gather in the same phase by using the factor s (p, tau) calculated by the formula (2), and taking the absolute value to obtain the oblique superposition spectrum E (p, tau) with high resolution
E(p,τ)＝|u(p,τ)s(p,τ)| (3)
To avoid mis-tracking the in-phase axis of the effective wave, the ray speed threshold p is determinedminThen p in the tilted superposition spectrum E (p, tau)<pminFilling the range of (c) to zero;
2) ray velocity value p in d (x, t) after moderate smoothing of E (p, tau) by tracking linear in-phase axis based on high resolution oblique superposition spectrumiZero offset time τiWill be in the spectrum E (p, τ)Is formed with (p)i,τi) Energy of the nodular structure at the central extremum; to ensure stability of the event tracking process, the event density N is given by observing and analyzing the seismic recordsmA parameter which is an average of the number of aliased common axes within a unit length time window; the distribution range of each energy group is calculated by using a contour line tracking method, the position of an extreme point of each energy group is searched out, and the coordinate (p) of the point is determinedi,τi) Fitting out the corresponding homophasic axes in the space-time domain, the travel time of each path
Figure BDA0002752067450000023
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002752067450000031
Wherein i (i ≧ 1) denotes the number of the tracking event, n denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather record, x denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather recordnIs the offset, p, of the track dataiAnd τiRespectively representing the ray velocity value and the zero offset of the traced same-phase axis;
3) linear interference homophase axis attenuation by FK fan filtering determines multiple linear homophase axes based on the homophase axis tracking process, and its accurate parameter (p)i,τi) Substituting into formula (4) to calculate the travel time of the seismic channel
Figure BDA0002752067450000032
Eliminating by FK fan filtering method; the filtering process for each in-phase axis is: given the initial track number n for linear interference suppression0(ii) a ② for the number n of the track is more than or equal to n0Seismic trace of, at tnIntercepting a given recording segment with a short time window length for the center, and aligning the recording segments along the starting point position, thereby correcting the target in-phase axis to be horizontal; thirdly, taking the intercepted multi-channel recording segment as input, and eliminating the homophase axis which is corrected to be horizontal by an FK fan filtering method; fourthly, the filtered records are reversely rearranged and are put back to the original time window position of each seismic channel, wherein the channel number n is more than or equal to n0；
4) Performing linear interference homophase axis tracking suppression for multiple iterations by adopting an iterative tracking suppression process: analysis of a given spectral energy threshold E by observation of obliquely superimposed spectra0A parameter defining a range of superposition energies for the traced in-phase axis; secondly, carrying out the same-phase axis tracking and suppressing processing of multiple iterations, wherein k is more than or equal to 2 for the kth iteration and based on the residual record dk(x, t) creation of a tilted superposition Spectrum Ek(p, τ) if the amplitude in the spectrum is extreme EmaxNot less than E0If the strong linear interference homophase axis still exists in the record, tracking and suppressing again; thirdly, repeating the step II until the extreme value E in the residual superposed spectrummaxLess than threshold E0Until now.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional FK apparent velocity filtering method, the method only carries out suppression processing in a short time window to which the linear interference homophase axis belongs, and reduces the possibility of damaging effective signals; the tilt linear interference homophase axis is corrected to be horizontal through recording rearrangement, and then the FK fan-shaped filtering method is used for suppressing, so that the spatial spurious generated when large-tilt-angle linear interference is filtered is effectively avoided. Compared with a linear interference suppression method based on tau-p transformation, the method has obvious efficiency advantage because a linear equation system does not need to be solved for each frequency component recorded by the shot gather.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a linear interference event tracking and attenuation process for multiple iterations;
FIG. 2 is an example of raw shot gather data containing strong direct waves and refracted waves;
FIG. 3 is an example of the results of the created high-resolution tilt-superimposed spectrum (left) and linear interference event tracking (right);
fig. 4 shows the result of the process of eliminating linear interference.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a tilt interference elimination method based on linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation, which mainly comprises the following four steps: 1) creating a high-resolution tilt superposition spectrum; 2) tracking a linear in-phase axis based on the high-resolution tilt stack spectrum; 3) performing linear interference homophase axis attenuation by using FK fan filtering; 4) and performing linear interference homophase axis tracking suppression for multiple iterations.
Example 1
In the field seismic exploration, seismic waves are excited by explosive, an air gun or an electric spark and other seismic sources, seismic signals are received by a detector, and seismic records containing linear interference waves such as direct waves, refracted waves or surface waves are obtained.
The sea area A is a hard seabed area, the seabed is relatively flat, and the water depth is gently changed between 90 meters and 110 meters. Selected measuring line X1The length is about 45 kilometers, 480-channel receiving is adopted, the shot interval and the channel interval are respectively 50 meters and 12.5 meters, the minimum offset distance is 170 meters, and the sampling interval and the recording length of data are respectively 0.004 seconds and 4.5 seconds. Because the sea bottom is a strong reflection interface, direct waves and refracted waves with strong amplitude interfere in corresponding seismic data, and the processing effects of the following steps of random noise attenuation, ghost wave rejection, multiple wave suppression and the like are seriously influenced.
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the flow chart is shown in fig. 1:
1) creation of high resolution oblique superposition spectra. Inputting the shot gather record d (x, t) shown in FIG. 2, let τ vary from 0 second to 4.5 seconds at zero offset (interval 0.004 seconds), while the range of variation and sampling interval of the ray velocity p are 2 x 10-4,8ⅹ10-4]And 2 x 10-6M/s, linear time difference correction and superposition processing are carried out according to the range of the ray speed p and the zero offset time tau, and then the oblique superposition record u (p, tau) can be obtained
Figure BDA0002752067450000041
In the formula: x, t, p and τ are offset, travel time, ray velocity and zero offset, x1And x2170 meters and 6157.5 meters, respectively, and d and u are two-dimensional matrices representing offset domain recordings and tilt stack recordings, respectively;
based on the ray velocity p and the zero offset time τ in the above range, for each sample point in the two-dimensional matrix u (p, τ), calculating the in-phase weighting factor s (p, τ) thereof, so that the value of the weighting factor is larger when the in-phase axis of the ray velocity exists in the shot gather record d (x, t), or smaller or zero if the value of the weighting factor is smaller, and the calculation formula is that
Figure BDA0002752067450000051
Where x, t, p and τ are offset, travel time, ray velocity and zero offset, respectively, d represents the offset field record, l represents the time window length, NxThe number of tracks recorded in an offset domain (namely the number of tracks of input data is 480), C is a damping factor, and 0.01-0.001 of the average amplitude of seismic records is taken; in order to obtain an ideal oblique superposition spectrum, let l be 0.008 seconds, C be 0.01;
weighting the oblique superposition gather in the same phase by using the factor s (p, tau) calculated by the formula (2), and taking the absolute value to obtain the oblique superposition spectrum E (p, tau) with high resolution
E(p,τ)＝|u(p,τ)s(p,τ)| (3)
Taking an absolute value to obtain a high-resolution oblique superposition spectrum (see figure 3 (left)); to avoid false tracing of the active wave in-phase axis, let the ray speed threshold pminIs 4 x 10-4M/s, then the oblique stacking spectrum E (p, τ) is added<4ⅹ10-4Zero filling the range of meters per second;
2) and tracking a linear in-phase axis based on the high-resolution tilt superposition spectrum. Ray velocity value p in shot gather record d (x, t)iZero offset time τiWill be formed in the spectrum E (p, τ) as (p)i,τi) Energy of the nodular structure at the central extremum; to ensure stability of the event tracking process, the event density N is determined by observational analysis of the seismic record (see FIG. 2)m6, which is the average of the number of linear interferers in the time window of unit length; for the oblique stacking spectrum shown in FIG. 3 (left), a contour tracing method is applied to obtain a plurality of closed curves (see closed curves in FIG. 3 (left)), from which the energy blobs are determinedThe distribution range is then searched out, and the extreme point position is searched out, so that the coordinate (p) of each point can be usedi,τi) Fitting out the linear interference homophase axis in space-time domain, and the travel time of each path
Figure BDA0002752067450000052
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002752067450000053
Wherein i (i ≧ 1) denotes the number of the traced homophase axis, n denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather record, x denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather recordnIs the offset, p, of the track dataiAnd τiRespectively representing the ray velocity value and the zero offset of the traced same-phase axis;
3) linear interference inphase axis attenuation is performed using FK sector filtering. Determining multiple linear in-phase axes based on in-phase axis tracking process, and determining accurate parameters (p) thereofi,τi) Substituting into formula (4) to calculate the travel time of the seismic channel
Figure BDA0002752067450000061
Eliminating by FK fan filtering method; for the in-phase axis represented by each curve in the shot gather record shown in FIG. 3 (right): setting a starting track number 50 for suppressing linear interference according to the position of the refracted wave in the shot gather record shown in FIG. 2; ② for seismic channels with channel number n more than or equal to 50, so as to
Figure BDA0002752067450000062
Intercepting the recording sections with the length of 0.05 second for the center, and aligning the recording sections along the starting point position, thereby correcting the target in-phase axis to be horizontal; thirdly, taking the intercepted multi-channel recording segment as input, and eliminating the homophase axis which is corrected to be horizontal by an FK fan filtering method; fourthly, the filtered records are reversely rearranged and are placed back to the original time window position of each seismic channel, wherein the channel number n is more than or equal to 50;
4) and performing linear interference homophase axis tracking suppression for multiple iterations. As shown in fig. 1, the tracking compaction process of multiple iterations is: through pairsObservation analysis of the obliquely superimposed spectrum (see FIG. 3 (left)) leads to a spectral energy threshold E00.05, defining the range of superposition energies for the traced in-phase axis; ② tracking the kth same-phase axis, wherein k is more than or equal to 2, based on the residual record dk(x, t) creation of a tilted superposition Spectrum Ek(p, τ) if the amplitude in the spectrum is extreme EmaxNot less than E0If the strong linear interference homophase axis still exists in the record, tracking and suppressing again; thirdly, repeating the step II until the extreme value E in the residual superposed spectrummaxLess than threshold E0Until the end;
for the shot gather record shown in fig. 2, the oblique superposition energy of each in-phase axis has obvious difference, and all linear interference in-phase axes are difficult to eliminate by tracking attenuation only once, so that 3 iterations of in-phase axis tracking and attenuation processing are performed. The final processing results are shown in fig. 4, and compared with fig. 2, the linear interference in the middle and far offset tracks is completely removed, and no significant aliasing is generated in the suppression results.

Claims (1)

1. The method for eliminating the tilt interference based on the linear same-phase axis iterative tracking attenuation is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
1) establishing a high-resolution oblique stack spectrum in field seismic exploration, and exciting seismic waves through an artificial seismic source to obtain a seismic record of linear interference waves including direct waves, refracted waves or surface waves; aiming at the gradient zero offset time tau, carrying out linear time difference correction and superposition processing on the input original shot gather records according to a series of ray speeds, wherein the process is a positive process of oblique superposition transformation
Figure FDA0002752067440000011
In the formula: x, t, p and τ are offset, travel time, ray velocity and zero offset, x1And x2Respectively representing a minimum offset distance and a maximum offset distance, and d and u respectively represent offset distance domain recording and tilt superposition recording;
calculating the weighting factor s (p, tau) of each ray velocity value, i.e. the weighting factor has a larger value when the inphase axis of the ray velocity exists in the seismic record, and has a smaller or zero value otherwise
Figure FDA0002752067440000012
Where x, t, p and τ are offset, travel time, ray velocity and zero offset, respectively, d represents the offset field record, l represents the time window length, NxTaking the number of tracks recorded in an offset domain, taking C as a damping factor, and taking 0.01-0.001 of the average amplitude of the seismic record;
weighting the tilt superposition gather in phase by using the factor s (p, tau) calculated by the formula (2), and taking the absolute value to obtain a high-resolution tilt superposition spectrum E (p, tau)
E(p,τ)＝|u(p,τ)s(p,τ)| (3)
To avoid mis-tracking the in-phase axis of the effective wave, the ray speed threshold p is determinedminThen p in the tilted superposition spectrum E (p, tau)<pminFilling the range of (c) to zero;
2) ray velocity value p in d (x, t) after moderate smoothing of E (p, tau) by tracking linear in-phase axis based on high resolution oblique superposition spectrumiZero offset time τiWill be formed in the spectrum E (p, τ) as (p)i,τi) Energy of the nodular structure at the central extremum; to ensure stability of the event tracking process, the event density N is given by observing and analyzing the seismic recordsmA parameter which is an average of the number of aliased common axes within a unit length time window; the distribution range of each energy group is calculated by using a contour line tracking method, the position of an extreme point of each energy group is searched out, and the coordinate (p) of the point is determinedi,τi) Fitting out the corresponding homophasic axes in the space-time domain, the travel time of each path
Figure FDA0002752067440000021
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002752067440000022
Wherein i represents the serial number of the tracking in-phase axis, wherein i is more than or equal to 1, n represents the track number of each track of data in the shot gather record, and xnIs the offset, p, of the track dataiAnd τiRespectively representing the ray velocity value and the zero offset of the traced same-phase axis;
3) linear interference homophase axis attenuation by FK fan filtering determines multiple linear homophase axes based on the homophase axis tracking process, and its accurate parameter (p)i,τi) Substituting into formula (4) to calculate the travel time of the seismic channel
Figure FDA0002752067440000023
Eliminating by FK fan filtering method; the filtering process for each in-phase axis is: given the initial track number n for linear interference suppression0(ii) a ② for the number n of the track is more than or equal to n0Seismic trace of, at tnIntercepting a given recording segment with a short time window length for the center, and aligning the recording segments along the starting point position, thereby correcting the target in-phase axis to be horizontal; thirdly, taking the intercepted multi-channel recording segment as input, and eliminating the homophase axis which is corrected to be horizontal by an FK fan filtering method; fourthly, the filtered records are reversely rearranged and are put back to the original time window position of each seismic channel, wherein the channel number n is more than or equal to n0；
4) Performing linear interference homophase axis tracking suppression for multiple iterations by adopting an iterative tracking suppression process: analysis of a given spectral energy threshold E by observation of obliquely superimposed spectra0A parameter defining a range of superposition energies for the traced in-phase axis; secondly, carrying out the same-phase axis tracking and suppressing processing of multiple iterations, wherein k is more than or equal to 2 for the kth iteration and based on the residual record dk(x, t) creation of a tilted superposition Spectrum Ek(p, τ) if the amplitude in the spectrum is extreme EmaxNot less than E0If the strong linear interference homophase axis still exists in the record, tracking and suppressing again; thirdly, repeating the step II until the extreme value E in the residual superposed spectrummaxLess than threshold E0Until now.
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