CN112327356A - Aliasing record separation method based on inphase axis iterative tracking extraction - Google Patents

Aliasing record separation method based on inphase axis iterative tracking extraction Download PDF

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CN112327356A
CN112327356A CN202011188323.XA CN202011188323A CN112327356A CN 112327356 A CN112327356 A CN 112327356A CN 202011188323 A CN202011188323 A CN 202011188323A CN 112327356 A CN112327356 A CN 112327356A
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aliasing
record
axis
velocity
seismic
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谭军
夏冬明
宋鹏
李金山
姜秀萍
赵波
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Ocean University of China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/24—Recording seismic data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/364—Seismic filtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/30—Noise handling
    • G01V2210/32—Noise reduction

Abstract

The invention relates to an aliasing record separation method based on in-phase axis iterative tracking extraction, and belongs to the field of seismic data processing and analysis. The specific implementation process of the aliasing record separation method based on the inphase axis iterative tracking extraction mainly comprises the following four steps: 1) creating a high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum; 2) tracking a hyperbolic homophase axis based on the high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum; 3) aliasing homophase axis extraction by using median filtering; 4) aliasing homophase separation for multiple iterations. Compared with the aliasing separation method based on the conventional median filtering, the method corrects the target in-phase axis to be horizontal through the in-phase axis tracking technology, thereby improving the processing precision of the median filtering, and only performs extraction processing in a short time window to which the target in-phase axis belongs, thereby reducing the possibility of waveform distortion of a separation signal; compared with an aliasing separation method based on sparse constraint inversion or convolutional neural network, the method is simple in process and has high processing efficiency.

Description

Aliasing record separation method based on inphase axis iterative tracking extraction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic data processing and analysis, in particular to an aliasing record separation method applied to seismic data.
Background
Hybrid seismic source acquisition techniques are rapidly evolving in marine seismic exploration and are of great interest due to their efficient acquisition and ability to acquire high quality seismic data. The acquisition mode not only greatly improves the efficiency of field exploration, but also can obviously increase the spatial sampling rate, thereby enriching the azimuth angle information of marine seismic data. The hybrid acquisition is to expand simultaneous source excitation into incoherent hybrid source excitation, i.e., two or more seismic sources are used for simultaneous or random time delay excitation, thereby obtaining the aliasing data of a plurality of 'single shot' records at different spatial positions and at different delays.
For the mixed seismic source acquisition of the aliasing records, if the excitation time of a certain seismic source (or a seismic source ship) is taken as the standard, other seismic sources (or other seismic source ships) need to be excited in a random delay mode, and the corresponding records show random noise with extremely strong amplitude in some domains (such as a concentric point domain). The existence of aliasing interference seriously influences the processing effects of the steps of ghost wave compression, multiple wave attenuation, velocity analysis, offset imaging and the like. Therefore, the realization of effective separation of mixed acquisition data (or suppression of aliasing interference) is the key for determining the success or failure of the mixed seismic source acquisition technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aliasing record separation method based on the inphase axis iterative tracking extraction. Firstly, selecting shot gather records to a CMP domain, wherein the same phase axis of the data with correctly arranged seismic source excitation time is hyperbolic, and the aliasing data of other sources are represented as random noise; and then extracting a group of records containing hyperbolic event by means of a CMP domain event tracing technology and a median filtering method, wherein the residual information is data of other sources, thereby realizing the separation of mixed mining records.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the aliasing record separation method based on the inphase axis iterative tracking extraction comprises the following specific steps:
1) the creation of a high-resolution stacked velocity spectrum in marine seismic exploration, seismic waves are continuously excited by artificial seismic sources, wherein the excitation time of a certain seismic source is taken as the standard, and other seismic sources are randomly delayed and excited, so that the aliasing data recorded by a plurality of single guns at different spatial positions and different delays are acquired. Selecting seismic records to a CMP domain, performing velocity stacking transformation on the obtained CMP gather d (n, t), obtaining velocity domain records with transverse coordinates of stacking velocity v and longitudinal coordinates of zero offset distance tau, and expressing a calculation formula based on three-dimensional seismic records as
Figure BDA0002752071210000021
In the formula: u is a velocity field record; n and N are respectively the track number and the total track number (N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N); d is CMP record, when tau is zero offset, v is stacking speed; x is the number ofn、ynRespectively representing the offset distances of the nth record in the x and y directions;
to achieve a higher resolution of the velocity spectrum, the in-phase weighting factor s (v, τ) for each velocity value is calculated, i.e. the value of this weighting factor is larger when the in-phase axis of the velocity is present in the seismic record, and smaller or zero otherwise
Figure BDA0002752071210000022
In the formula, v is the superposition speed, when tau is the zero offset distance, lambda (lambda is more than or equal to 2) represents the order, and the higher the lambda value is, the higher the resolution of s (v, tau) is; l represents a time window length; n and N are respectively the track number and the total track number (N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N), xn、ynRespectively representing the offset distances of the nth record in the x direction and the y direction, wherein C is a constant for ensuring that the denominator is not zero and is generally 0.01-0.001 of the average amplitude;
the velocity domain record u (v, tau) is weighted in phase by the factor s (v, tau) calculated by the formula (2), and the absolute value is taken to obtain the high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum E (v, tau)
E(v,τ)＝|u(v,τ)s(v,τ)| (3)
2) Tracking a hyperbolic homophase axis based on a high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum to moderately smooth a velocity spectrum E (v, tau), and then superimposing a velocity value v in d (n, t)iZero offset time τiWill be formed in the spectrum E (v, τ) as (v) in the hyperbolic event axis ofi,τi) Energy of the nodular structure at the central extremum; to ensure stability of the event tracking process, the event density N is given by observing and analyzing the seismic recordsmA parameter which is an average of the number of aliased common axes within a unit length time window; the distribution range of each energy cluster is obtained by using a contour line tracking method, and the extreme point position is searched out, so that the coordinate (v) of the point can be usedi,τi) Fitting out the corresponding homophasic axes in the spatio-temporal domain, i.e. the travel times of the lanes through which they pass
Figure BDA0002752071210000031
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002752071210000032
Wherein i (i ≧ 1) denotes the number of the tracking event, n denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather record, x denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather recordn、ynDenotes the offset of the n-th track in the x and y directions, viAnd τiRespectively representing the superposition speed value and the zero offset distance of the tracked same-phase axis;
3) performing aliasing homophase axis extraction by using median filtering, determining a plurality of aliasing homophase axes through the homophase axis tracking process, and determining an accurate parameter tau of the aliasing homophase axesiAnd viSubstituting into formula (4) to calculate the travel time of the seismic channel
Figure BDA0002752071210000033
Extracting by a median filtering method; the processing procedure for the ith aliasing event is as follows: in each seismic channel
Figure BDA0002752071210000034
Intercepting a given recording segment with a short time window length for the center, and aligning the recording segments along the starting point position, thereby correcting the target in-phase axis to be horizontal; using the intercepted multiple recording segments as input, and eliminating the homophase axes corrected to be horizontal by using a median filtering method; thirdly, the filtered records are rearranged reversely and are placed back to the original time window position of each seismic channel; fourthly, calculating the difference of the front record and the rear record of the filter to extract the object homophase axis, and adding the object homophase axis to the original time window position of the new data file;
4) the velocity stack energy of each event in the aliasing event separation field seismic record of multiple iterations usually has obvious difference, and all aliasing events in the original record d (n, t) are difficult to separate only through steps 1) -3), and iterative event tracking and extraction are carried out on the basis: analysis of a given spectral energy threshold E by observation of the folded acceleration spectrum0Parameters defining a range of superposition energies for the traced in-phase axis; ② carrying out the same-phase axis tracking and extracting processing of multiple iterations, and for the kth iteration (k is more than or equal to 2), based on the residual record dk(n, t) creation of a superimposed velocity spectrum Ek(v, τ) if the amplitude in the spectrum is extreme EmaxNot less than E0If the strong aliasing homophase axis still exists in the record, tracking and extracting again; thirdly, repeating the step II until an extreme value E in the residual velocity spectrummaxLess than threshold E0Until now.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the aliasing separation method based on the conventional median filtering, the method corrects the target in-phase axis to be horizontal through the in-phase axis tracking technology, so that the processing precision of the median filtering is improved, the extraction processing is only carried out in a short time window to which the target in-phase axis belongs, and the possibility of waveform distortion of a separation signal is reduced; compared with an aliasing separation method based on sparse constraint inversion or convolutional neural network, the method is simple in process and has high processing efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow of multiple iterative aliasing event tracing and extraction;
FIG. 2 is an example of a CMP gather of raw aliased data;
FIG. 3 is an example of the created high resolution velocity spectrum (left) and in-phase axis tracking results (right);
FIG. 4 is a separation result of aliased records.
Detailed Description
The specific implementation process of the aliasing record separation method based on the inphase axis iterative tracking extraction mainly comprises the following four steps: 1) creating a high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum; 2) tracking a hyperbolic homophase axis based on the high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum; 3) aliasing homophase axis extraction by using median filtering; 4) aliasing homophase separation for multiple iterations.
Example 1
The sea area A is a hard seabed area, the seabed is relatively flat, the water depth is close to 1500m, strong ghost wave and multiple wave interference exists in corresponding seismic records, and the signal-to-noise ratio of original data is remarkably reduced. Because the field exploration adopts a multi-seismic source excitation mode, the seismic data contains a plurality of single-source records at different seismic source positions and at different delays. If effective mixed acquisition data separation is not carried out, the processing effects of the subsequent ghost wave compression, multiple wave attenuation, velocity analysis, offset imaging and other steps are seriously influenced.
The following detailed description of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
1) creation of a high resolution superimposed velocity spectrum. And (3) selecting shot gather records to a CMP field, wherein the selected CMP records comprise 240 tracks of data, the offset distance is increased along with the increase of the track number, and the data sampling interval and the record length are respectively 0.002 seconds and 7 seconds. The data with correctly arranged seismic source excitation time has a hyperbolic shape with good continuity of the same phase axis, and aliasing data of other sources are represented as random noise. The CMP record shown in FIG. 1 is subjected to in-phase weighted velocity superposition transform to obtain velocity domain record with transverse coordinate as superposition velocity v and longitudinal coordinate as zero offset distance, and the velocity domain record is expressed as
Figure BDA0002752071210000051
In the formula: u is a velocity field record; d is CMP record, N and N are respectively track number and total track number (N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N), xn、ynRespectively representing the offset distances of the nth record in the x and y directions; tau changes between 0 second and 8 seconds (the interval is 0.002 second) at the zero offset, and the change range and the interval of the superposition speed v are respectively 1000 m/s to 2500 m/s and 25 m/s;
to achieve a higher resolution of the velocity spectrum, the in-phase weighting factor s (v, τ) for each velocity value is calculated, i.e. the value of this weighting factor is larger when the in-phase axis of the velocity is present in the seismic record, and smaller or zero otherwise
Figure BDA0002752071210000052
In the formula, v is the superposition speed, when tau is the zero offset distance, lambda (lambda is more than or equal to 2) represents the order, and the higher the lambda value is, the higher the resolution of s (v, tau) is; l represents a time window length; n is track number (n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 240) and xn、ynRespectively representing the offset distances of the nth record in the x direction and the y direction, wherein C is a constant for ensuring that the denominator is not zero; test analysis shows that L is 0.02 second and C is 0.01;
the velocity domain recordings u (v, τ) are weighted in-phase by the factors s (v, τ) calculated by equation (2), and the absolute value is taken to obtain the superimposed velocity spectrum shown in FIG. 3 (left), i.e., the velocity spectrum is obtained
E(v,τ)＝|u(v,τ)s(v,τ)| (3)
Wherein v and τ are the stacking velocity and the zero offset distance, respectively;
2) tracking a hyperbolic homophase axis based on a high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum to moderately smooth a velocity spectrum E (v, tau), and then superimposing a velocity value v in d (n, t)iZero offset time τiWill be formed in the spectrum E (v, τ) as (v) in the hyperbolic event axis ofi,τi) Energy of the nodular structure at the central extremum; for the superimposed velocity spectrum shown in FIG. 3 (left), let the in-phase axis density parameter NmEach is found by applying contour tracing method as 6The distribution range of the energy cliques and the extreme point position thereof are searched, and then the coordinate (v) of the point can be used for searching the extreme point positioni,τi) Fitting the corresponding in-phase axes in the spatio-temporal domain, such as the locations indicated by the curves in the CMP record, the travel times of the lanes where the target in-phase axis passes, as shown in FIG. 3 (right)
Figure BDA0002752071210000053
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002752071210000061
Wherein i (i ≧ 1) denotes the number of the tracking event, n denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather record, x denotes the track number of each track in the shot gather recordn、ynDenotes the offset of the n-th track in the x and y directions, viAnd τiRespectively representing the superposition speed value and the zero offset distance of the tracked same-phase axis;
3) and carrying out aliasing homophase axis extraction by using median filtering. Determining a plurality of aliasing homophase axes through the homophase axis tracking process, and determining an accurate parameter tau of the aliasing homophase axesiAnd viSubstituting into formula (4) to calculate the travel time of the seismic channel
Figure BDA0002752071210000062
Extracting by a median filtering method; the processing procedure for the ith aliasing event is as follows: in each seismic channel
Figure BDA0002752071210000063
Intercepting a given recording segment with a short time window length for the center, and aligning the recording segments along the starting point position, thereby correcting the target in-phase axis to be horizontal; using the intercepted multiple recording segments as input, and eliminating the homophase axes corrected to be horizontal by using a median filtering method; thirdly, the filtered records are rearranged reversely and are placed back to the original time window position of each seismic channel; fourthly, calculating the difference of the front record and the rear record of the filter to extract the object homophase axis, and adding the object homophase axis to the original time window position of the new data file; for the in-phase axis represented by each curve in the CMP record shown in FIG. 3 (right), the travel time of the curve is taken as the center, andfixing the recording segments with the length of 0.06 second, and aligning the recording segments along the starting point position so as to correct the target homophase axis to be horizontal; and taking the intercepted multiple recording segments as input, and eliminating the in-phase axis corrected to be horizontal by using a median filtering method.
4) Aliasing homophase separation for multiple iterations. For the field seismic record shown in fig. 2, the velocity stack energy of each event usually has a significant difference, and it is difficult to separate all aliased events in the original record d (n, t) only by steps 1) -3), usually by an iterative event tracing and extraction process: analysis of a given spectral energy threshold E by observation of the folded acceleration spectrum0Parameters defining a range of superposition energies for the traced in-phase axis; ② carrying out the same-phase axis tracking and extracting processing of multiple iterations, and for the kth iteration (k is more than or equal to 2), based on the residual record dk(n, t) creation of a superimposed velocity spectrum Ek(v, τ) if the amplitude in the spectrum is extreme EmaxNot less than E0If the strong aliasing homophase axis still exists in the record, tracking and extracting again; thirdly, repeating the step II until an extreme value E in the residual velocity spectrummaxLess than threshold E0Until now. The final aliased data separation result is shown in fig. 4, which contains only single-source data with correctly aligned source firing times, whereas the aliasing artifacts represented as random noise in fig. 2 have been completely removed.

Claims (1)

1. A aliasing record separation method based on inphase axis iterative tracking extraction is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) the creation of a high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum is used for continuously exciting seismic waves through artificial seismic sources in marine seismic exploration, wherein the excitation time of a certain seismic source is taken as the standard, other seismic sources are randomly delayed for excitation, and the aliasing data recorded by a plurality of single guns in different spatial positions and different delays are acquired; selecting seismic records to a CMP domain, performing velocity stacking transformation on the obtained CMP gather d (n, t), obtaining velocity domain records with transverse coordinates of stacking velocity v and longitudinal coordinates of zero offset distance tau, and expressing a calculation formula based on three-dimensional seismic records as
Figure FDA0002752071200000011
In the formula: u is a velocity field record; n and N are respectively the track number and the total track number, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N; d is CMP record, when tau is zero offset, v is stacking speed; x is the number ofn、ynRespectively representing the offset distances of the nth record in the x and y directions;
to achieve a higher resolution of the velocity spectrum, the in-phase weighting factor s (v, τ) for each velocity value is calculated, i.e. the value of this weighting factor is larger when the in-phase axis of the velocity is present in the seismic record, and smaller or zero otherwise
Figure FDA0002752071200000012
In the formula, v is the stacking velocity, and when tau is the zero offset distance, lambda represents the order, wherein lambda is more than or equal to 2, and the higher the lambda value is, the higher the resolution of s (v, tau) is; l represents a time window length; n and N are respectively the track number and the total track number, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, xn、ynRespectively representing the offset distances of the nth record in the x direction and the y direction, wherein C is a constant for ensuring that the denominator is not zero, and 0.01-0.001 of the average amplitude is taken;
the velocity domain recordings u (v, τ) are weighted in phase by the factor s (v, τ) calculated by equation (2), and the absolute value is taken to obtain the high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum E (v, τ)
E(v,τ)＝|u(v,τ)s(v,τ)| (3)
2) Tracking a hyperbolic homophase axis based on a high-resolution superimposed velocity spectrum to moderately smooth a velocity spectrum E (v, tau), and then superimposing a velocity value v in d (n, t)iZero offset time τiWill be formed in the spectrum E (v, τ) as (v) in the hyperbolic event axis ofi,τi) Energy of the nodular structure at the central extremum; to ensure stability of the event tracking process, the event density N is given by observing and analyzing the seismic recordsmA parameter which is an average of the number of aliased common axes within a unit length time window; method for calculating distribution of each energy cluster by using contour line tracking methodThe range is searched out, and the position of the extreme point is searched out, then the coordinate (v) of the point is usedi,τi) Fitting out the corresponding homophasic axes in the spatio-temporal domain, i.e. the travel times of the lanes through which they pass
Figure FDA0002752071200000021
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002752071200000022
Wherein i represents the serial number of the tracking in-phase axis, wherein i is more than or equal to 1, n represents the track number of each track of data in the shot gather record, and xn、ynDenotes the offset of the n-th track in the x and y directions, viAnd τiRespectively representing the superposition speed value and the zero offset distance of the tracked same-phase axis;
3) performing aliasing homophase axis extraction by using median filtering, determining a plurality of aliasing homophase axes through the homophase axis tracking process, and determining an accurate parameter tau of the aliasing homophase axesiAnd viSubstituting into formula (4) to calculate the travel time of the seismic channel
Figure FDA0002752071200000023
Extracting by a median filtering method; the processing procedure for the ith aliasing event is as follows: in each seismic channel
Figure FDA0002752071200000024
Intercepting a given recording segment with a short time window length for the center, and aligning the recording segments along the starting point position, thereby correcting the target in-phase axis to be horizontal; using the intercepted multiple recording segments as input, and eliminating the homophase axes corrected to be horizontal by using a median filtering method; thirdly, the filtered records are rearranged reversely and are placed back to the original time window position of each seismic channel; fourthly, calculating the difference of the front record and the rear record of the filter to extract the object homophase axis, and adding the object homophase axis to the original time window position of the new data file;
4) multiple iterations of velocity stack energy for each event in an aliased event-separated field seismic recordWith obvious differences, it is difficult to separate all aliasing homophases in the original record d (n, t) only by steps 1) -3), and iterative homophasic axis tracking and extraction is performed on the basis of the aliasing homophasic axes: analysis of a given spectral energy threshold E by observation of the folded acceleration spectrum0Parameters defining a range of superposition energies for the traced in-phase axis; ② carrying out the same-phase axis tracking and extracting processing of multiple iterations, wherein k is more than or equal to 2 for the kth iteration and based on the residual record dk(n, t) creation of a superimposed velocity spectrum Ek(v, τ) if the amplitude in the spectrum is extreme EmaxNot less than E0If the strong aliasing homophase axis still exists in the record, tracking and extracting again; thirdly, repeating the step II until an extreme value E in the residual velocity spectrummaxLess than threshold E0Until now.
CN202011188323.XA 2020-10-30 2020-10-30 Aliasing record separation method based on inphase axis iterative tracking extraction Pending CN112327356A (en)

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