CN112326022A - Single-bubble bidirectional transmission double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-bubble bidirectional transmission dual-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator which comprises a first polarizer, a magnet, a single-path temperature controller, an atom bubble, a second polarizer, a first reflector, a polarization beam combiner, a photoelectric detector, a second reflector, a first half-wave plate, a third reflector, a fourth reflector and a second half-wave plate. The invention adopts a mode of bidirectional transmission of an atomic bubble to achieve the dual-channel effect of atomic frequency discrimination of two polarization components of incident light. The two polarization components of the incident light realize frequency discrimination and light filtration in the same region of the same atomic bubble, so that the problem of inconsistent working parameters such as a magnetic field, temperature and the like is thoroughly avoided while the polarization loss is overcome and the transmissivity is improved, and the spectral stability of the dual-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atomic frequency discriminators, in particular to a dual-channel atomic frequency discriminator.
Background
The atomic frequency discriminator is an optical frequency discriminating device based on an atomic energy level transition mechanism, and has the characteristics of high spectral resolution and high spectral stability. The common functions of an atomic frequency discriminator include optical frequency stabilization, optical frequency discrimination and optical filtering. When used as an ultra-narrow bandwidth optical filter, the atomic discriminator is also referred to as an atomic filter. The Faraday atom frequency discriminator is one kind of atom frequency discriminator utilizing Faraday rotation effect, and has no relaxation time, imaging capacity and high quantum efficiency. (Shay, T.M. and D.F. Garcia (1990). "the Theoretical model for a background limited laser-excited optical filter for a double Nd lasers", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 26(6): 1135) 1139.) therefore, Faraday atomic frequency detectors have found wide application in a series of active and passive photoelectric technology fields such as sun observation, atmospheric detection, ocean detection, lidar, laser communication, laser frequency stabilization, etc. Typically, a faraday atomic discriminator consists of an atomic vapor bubble and a pair of mutually orthogonal polarizers. The atomic vapor bubble is placed between the pair of crossed polarizers, and a set temperature field and a magnetic field (or electric field) act on the atomic vapor bubble. (Wushu Wu, Li Fang quan, Lin Mey Xiang, Dai Yang, Gong Shung Sheng (2003) 'characteristics and applications of Faraday atomic Filter)' optical and optoelectronic technology 1(001):41-43.)
When the incident light enters the Faraday atomic discriminator, under the action of the first polarizer, the polarization component parallel to the polarization direction of the first polarizer in the incident light can be transmitted, and the other polarization component can not be transmitted to become waste light, so that the Faraday atomic discriminator has the so-called polarization loss. For this purpose, a two-channel Faraday potassium atom discriminator is proposed in the literature (Fricke-Begemann, C., M.Alpers and J.Hoffner (2002) 'Daylight emission with a new receiver for location and temperature detectors.' Optics Letters 27(21):1932 and 1934.). A two-channel faraday sodium atom discriminator was developed in the literature (poplar wary (2013), atomic frequency discrimination and its application in sun observation, doctrine of doctrines of doctrine of china). The double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator consists of two independent Faraday atom frequency discriminators, two polarization beam splitters and the like. The first polarization beam splitter guides two polarization components of incident light to two completely independent Faraday atom frequency discriminators respectively for filtering and frequency discrimination. Then the second polarization beam splitter combines the two polarization components after filtering and frequency discrimination to achieve the dual-channel effect that the two polarization components realize atomic frequency discrimination. Because the double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator needs to use two independent Faraday atom frequency discriminators at the same time, the double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator has the problems of large volume, long optical path, heavy weight and high power consumption, and the working parameters of the two atom frequency discriminators, such as magnetic fields, temperature, optical transmissivity and the like, cannot be completely the same. The invention discloses a compact dual-channel atomic filter (Chinese invention patent ZL 201210388635.42012), which is characterized in that two independent Faraday atomic frequency discriminators are fused into the compact dual-channel atomic frequency discriminator by utilizing devices such as a dual-channel temperature controller, two atomic bubbles, two dual-channel aperture magnets, four polarizers and the like, so that the simultaneous filtering and frequency discrimination of two polarization components are realized, the volume, the weight and the power consumption of a system are reduced, and the stability of the atomic frequency discriminator is improved. In the compact dual-channel atomic filter, two polarization components of incident light are filtered and discriminated in two different atomic bubbles, and the two atomic bubbles are respectively placed at different positions in a magnetic field and a temperature field, so that working parameters such as the magnetic field, the temperature, the optical transmittance and the like of the two atomic bubbles are difficult to achieve the consistency. Another compact two-channel faraday atomic discriminator was developed in the literature (poplar wary (2013), atomic discriminator and its application in sun observation, doctrine of doctrines of doctrine of china). The compact double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator consists of an atom bubble with a larger effective caliber, two double polarizers and a group of magnets. Two polarization components of incident light enter two different areas of the large-aperture atomic bubble for filtering and frequency discrimination after passing through the first double polarizer, and then are combined through the second double polarizer, so that double-channel frequency discrimination is realized, and the problem of non-uniform temperature field is avoided. However, since the two polarization components of the incident light interact with atoms in different regions of the atomic bubble, the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field still makes it difficult to keep the operating parameters of the two channels exactly the same. And the two polarization components of the incident light are distributed in two areas, so that the effective caliber of the atomic bubble is required to be larger, and the effective area of the magnetic field is at least twice of that of the single-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator.
The double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator solves the problem of polarization loss of the traditional single-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator, and improves the transmissivity. However, these two-channel faraday atom discriminators are larger in size, weight, and power consumption than single-channel atom discriminators. More importantly, the two polarization components of the incident light are separately spectrally discriminated in two different regions of an atomic bubble, or two different atomic bubbles, or even two different atomic discriminators. Therefore, the operating parameters of the two channels are difficult to keep strictly consistent, which causes the transmission spectrum type of the two-channel atomic frequency discriminator to change along with the change of the polarization property of the incident light, and the advantage of high spectral stability of the two-channel Faraday atomic frequency discriminator is damaged.
Aiming at the defects of the existing double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator, the invention provides the double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator which realizes the filtering and frequency discrimination of two polarization components in the same region of the same atomic bubble by utilizing the two-way transmission of the two polarization components of incident light in the atomic bubble.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a single-bubble bidirectional transmission double-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator. The invention adopts a mode of bidirectional transmission of an atomic bubble to achieve the dual-channel effect of atomic frequency discrimination of two polarization components of incident light. The two polarization components of the incident light realize frequency discrimination and light filtration in the same region of the same atomic bubble, so that the problem of inconsistent working parameters such as a magnetic field, temperature and the like is thoroughly avoided while the polarization loss is overcome and the transmissivity is improved, and the spectral stability of the dual-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator is ensured. The invention also has the characteristics of compact structure and small volume and weight, and the power consumption is reduced to be the same as that of a single-channel atomic frequency discriminator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a single-bubble two-way transmission double-channel Faraday atomic frequency discriminator comprises an atomic bubble, wherein incident light is divided into first horizontal polarized light and first vertical polarized light through a first polarizer,
the first horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble from left to right, the first noise horizontally polarized light in the first horizontally polarized light exits the atomic bubble and then transmits the second polarizer, and then sequentially passes through the fourth reflector, the third reflector and the first half-wave plate to form first noise vertically polarized light, and the first noise vertically polarized light is reflected by the second reflector and then returns to the original incident light path through the first polarizer;
a first signal horizontal polarized light in the first horizontal polarized light is subjected to Faraday rotation in an atomic bubble to form a first signal vertical polarized light, and the first signal vertical polarized light is reflected by a second polarizer, then is reflected by a first reflector and a polarization beam combiner in sequence and then enters a photoelectric detector to be detected;
the first vertically polarized light sequentially passes through the second reflector, the first half-wave plate, the third reflector and the fourth reflector to become second horizontally polarized light, the direction of the second horizontally polarized light is opposite to that of the first horizontally polarized light, the second horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble from right to left through the second polarizer,
the second noise horizontal polarized light in the second horizontal polarized light passes through the atomic bubble and then passes through the first polarizer to return to the original incident light path;
and the second signal horizontal polarized light in the second horizontal polarized light is subjected to Faraday rotation in the atomic bubble to form second signal vertical polarized light, the second signal vertical polarized light is reflected by the first polarizer and enters the second half-wave plate to form third signal horizontal polarized light, and the third signal horizontal polarized light finally enters the photoelectric detector through the polarization beam combiner to be detected.
A double-channel Faraday atomic frequency discriminator with single bubble and two-way transmission also comprises a single-path temperature controller for generating a temperature field in the atomic bubble and a magnet for generating a magnetic field in the atomic bubble.
A single-bubble bidirectional transmission two-channel Faraday atom frequency discrimination method comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing incident light into first horizontal polarized light and first vertical polarized light through a first polarizer,
step 2, enabling first horizontally polarized light to enter an atomic bubble from left to right, enabling first noise horizontally polarized light in the first horizontally polarized light to be transmitted through a second polarizer after being emitted out of the atomic bubble, enabling the first horizontally polarized light to sequentially pass through a fourth reflector, a third reflector and a first half-wave plate to form first noise vertically polarized light, enabling the first noise vertically polarized light to be reflected by the second reflector and then reflected back to an original incident light path through the first polarizer;
step 3, performing Faraday rotation on first signal horizontal polarized light in the first horizontal polarized light in an atomic bubble to form first signal vertical polarized light, reflecting the first signal vertical polarized light by a second polarizer, then reflecting the first signal vertical polarized light by a first reflector and a polarization beam combiner in sequence, and then entering a photoelectric detector for detection;
step 4, the first vertically polarized light sequentially passes through the second reflector, the first half-wave plate third reflector and the fourth reflector to become second horizontally polarized light, the direction of the second horizontally polarized light is opposite to that of the first horizontally polarized light, the second horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble from right to left through the second polarizer,
step 5, enabling second noise horizontal polarized light in the second horizontal polarized light to pass through the atomic bubble and then penetrate through the first polarizer, and returning to an original incident light path;
and 6, performing Faraday rotation on second signal horizontal polarized light in the second horizontal polarized light in the atomic bubble to form second signal vertical polarized light, reflecting the second signal vertical polarized light by the first polarizer, entering the second half-wave plate to form third signal horizontal polarized light, and finally, enabling the third signal horizontal polarized light to penetrate through the polarization beam combiner to enter the photoelectric detector to be detected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention adopts a mode of bidirectional transmission of an atomic bubble to achieve the dual-channel effect of atomic frequency discrimination of two polarization components of incident light. The two polarization components of the incident light realize frequency discrimination and light filtration in the same region of the same atomic bubble, so that the problem of inconsistent working parameters such as a magnetic field, temperature and the like is thoroughly avoided while the polarization loss is overcome and the transmissivity is improved, and the spectral stability of the dual-channel Faraday atom frequency discriminator is ensured. The invention also has the characteristics of compact structure and small volume and weight, reduces the power consumption to be the same as the single-channel atom frequency discrimination, and provides a new means for the popularization and application of the atom frequency discriminator in various photoelectric detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
101-a first polarizer; 102-a magnet; 103-single-way temperature controller; 104-atomic vesicles; 105-a second polarizer; 201-a first mirror; 202-a polarization beam combiner; 203-a photodetector; 301-a second mirror; 302-a first half wave plate; 303-a third mirror; 304-a fourth mirror; 305-second half wave plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
As shown in FIG. 1, a single-bubble two-way transmission two-channel Faraday atomic frequency discriminator comprises a first polarizer 101, a magnet 102, a single-way temperature controller 103, an atomic bubble 104, a second polarizer 105, a first mirror 201, a polarization beam combiner 202, a photoelectric detector 203, a second mirror 301, a first half-wave plate 302, a third mirror 303, a fourth mirror 304, a second half-wave plate 305,
wherein, the first polarizer 101, the magnet 102, the one-way temperature controller 103, the atomic bubble 104, and the second polarizer 105 are coaxially arranged in turn, one or more of plasma, atomic vapor, molecular vapor, liquid material, and solid material is filled in the atomic bubble, the one-way temperature controller 103 is coated outside the atomic bubble 104 to generate a proper temperature field and leave a light through hole, the magnet 102 generates a proper magnetic field at the position of the atomic bubble 104, the polarization direction of the first polarizer 101 is horizontal polarization, the polarization direction of the second polarizer 105 is parallel to the polarization direction of the first polarizer 101, the first reflector 201 is arranged below the second polarizer 105, the normal direction of the reflection surface of the first reflector 201 is perpendicular to the normal direction of the reflection surface of the second polarizer 105, the polarization beam combiner 202 is arranged on the reflection light path of the first reflector 201 and below the first polarizer 101, the polarization direction of the polarization beam combiner 202 is parallel to the polarization direction of the first polarizer 101, the photoelectric detector 203 is disposed on the outgoing light path of the polarization beam combiner 202, the second mirror 301, the first half-wave plate 302, the third mirror 303 and the fourth mirror 304 are sequentially disposed along the light path, wherein the second mirror 301 is disposed above the first polarizer 101, the normal direction of the reflecting surface of the second mirror 301 is parallel to the normal direction of the reflecting surface of the first polarizer 101, the first half-wave plate 302 is disposed on the reflecting light path of the first mirror 301, the crystal axis of the first half-wave plate 302 forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction, the third mirror 303 is disposed on the outgoing light path of the first half-wave plate 302, the normal direction of the reflecting surface of the third mirror 303 is perpendicular to the normal direction of the reflecting surface of the second mirror 301, the fourth mirror 304 is disposed on the reflecting light path of the third mirror 303 and is disposed on the transmitting light path of the second polarizer 105, the normal direction of the reflecting surface of the fourth mirror 304 is perpendicular to the normal direction of the reflecting surface of the third mirror 303, the second half-wave plate 305 is placed between the first polarizer 101 and the polarization beam combiner 202, and the crystal axis of the second half-wave plate 305 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction.
A single-bubble bidirectional transmission two-channel Faraday atom frequency discrimination method comprises the following steps:
step 1, incident light enters the first polarizer 101 from the left side and is divided into first horizontally polarized light and first vertically polarized light, the first horizontally polarized light is transmitted out from the first polarizer 101 to the right, and the first vertically polarized light is reflected out from the first polarizer 101 upwards. For the first horizontally polarized light, step 2 is entered, and for the first vertically polarized light, step 3 is entered.
Step 2, the first horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble 104 from left to right, the first horizontally polarized noise light in the first horizontally polarized light does not generate a faraday rotation effect in the atomic bubble 104, the polarization direction is kept horizontal, the first horizontally polarized noise light exiting the atomic bubble 104 passes through the second polarizer 105, and then sequentially passes through the fourth reflector 304, the third reflector 303 and the first half-wave plate 302 to become first vertically polarized noise light, and then the first vertically polarized noise light is reflected by the second reflector 301 and finally reflected by the first polarizer 101 back to the original incident light path; due to the faraday rotation effect, a first signal horizontally polarized light in a first horizontally polarized light incident into the atomic bubble 104 is faraday-rotated in the atomic bubble 104, the polarization direction is rotated by an odd multiple of 90 ° to become a first signal vertically polarized light, the first signal vertically polarized light is reflected by the second polarizer 105, and then is reflected by the first reflector 201 and the polarization beam combiner 202 in sequence, and then enters the photodetector 203 for detection;
step 3, the first vertically polarized light sequentially passes through the second reflector 301, the first half-wave plate 302, the third reflector 303 and the fourth reflector 304 to become second horizontally polarized light, the direction of the second horizontally polarized light is opposite to that of the first horizontally polarized light, the second horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble 104 from right to left through the second polarizer 105, the second horizontally polarized noise light in the second horizontally polarized light does not generate a faraday optical rotation effect in the atomic bubble 104, the polarization direction is kept horizontal, and the second horizontally polarized noise light passing through the atomic bubble 104 passes through the first polarizer 101 again and returns to the original incident light path; due to the faraday rotation effect, the second signal horizontally polarized light in the second horizontally polarized light undergoes faraday rotation in the atomic bubble 104, the polarization direction is rotated by an odd multiple of 90 ° to become second signal vertically polarized light, and then is reflected by the first polarizer 101 to enter the second half-wave plate 305 to become third signal horizontally polarized light, and finally the third signal horizontally polarized light passes through the polarization beam combiner 202 to enter the photodetector 203 to be detected.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention. Various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims defined below.
Claims (3)
1. A single-bubble two-way transmissive two-channel Faraday atomic frequency discriminator, comprising an atomic bubble (104), characterized in that the incident light is divided into a first horizontally polarized light and a first vertically polarized light by a first polarizer (101),
the first horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble (104) from left to right, the first noise horizontally polarized light in the first horizontally polarized light exits the atomic bubble (104), then transmits the second polarizer (105), and then sequentially passes through the fourth reflector (304), the third reflector (303) and the first half-wave plate (302) to form first noise vertically polarized light, and the first noise vertically polarized light is reflected by the second reflector (301) and then returns to an original incident light path through the first polarizer (101);
a first signal horizontally polarized light in the first horizontally polarized light is subjected to Faraday rotation in an atomic bubble (104) to form a first signal vertically polarized light, and the first signal vertically polarized light is reflected by a second polarizer (105), then is reflected by a first reflector (201) and a polarization beam combiner (202) in sequence and then enters a photoelectric detector (203) to be detected;
the first vertically polarized light sequentially passes through the second reflector (301), the first half-wave plate (302), the third reflector (303) and the fourth reflector (304) to become second horizontally polarized light, the direction of the second horizontally polarized light is opposite to that of the first horizontally polarized light, the second horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble (104) from right to left through the second polarizer (105),
second noise horizontal polarized light in the second horizontal polarized light passes through the atomic bubble (104) and then passes through the first polarizer (101) to return to the original incident light path;
and a second signal horizontally polarized light in the second horizontally polarized light is subjected to Faraday rotation in the atomic bubble (104) to form a second signal vertically polarized light, the second signal vertically polarized light is reflected by the first polarizer (101) and enters the second half-wave plate (305) to form a third signal horizontally polarized light, and the third signal horizontally polarized light finally passes through the polarization beam combiner (202) and enters the photoelectric detector (203) to be detected.
2. A single-bubble dual-transmission dual-channel faraday atomic discriminator according to claim 1, further comprising a single-channel temperature controller (103) for generating a temperature field in the atomic bubble (104), and a magnet (102) for generating a magnetic field in the atomic bubble (104).
3. A single-bubble bidirectional transmission two-channel Faraday atom frequency discrimination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, incident light is divided into first horizontal polarized light and first vertical polarized light through a first polarizer (101),
step 2, the first horizontally polarized light enters the atomic bubble (104) from left to right, the first horizontally polarized noise light in the first horizontally polarized light exits the atomic bubble (104), then transmits the second polarizer (105), and then sequentially passes through the fourth reflector (304), the third reflector (303) and the first half-wave plate (302) to form first vertically polarized noise light, and the first vertically polarized noise light is reflected by the second reflector (301) and then returns to an original incident light path through the first polarizer (101);
step 3, performing Faraday rotation on first signal horizontal polarized light in the first horizontal polarized light in an atomic bubble (104) to form first signal vertical polarized light, reflecting the first signal vertical polarized light by a second polarizer (105), reflecting the first signal vertical polarized light by a first reflector (201) and a polarization beam combiner (202) in sequence, and then entering a photoelectric detector (203) to be detected;
step 4, the first vertically polarized light sequentially passes through a second reflector (301), a first half-wave plate (302), a third reflector (303) and a fourth reflector (304) to become second horizontally polarized light, the direction of the second horizontally polarized light is opposite to that of the first horizontally polarized light, the second horizontally polarized light passes through a second polarizer (105) and enters the atomic bubble (104) from right to left,
step 5, enabling second noise horizontal polarized light in the second horizontal polarized light to pass through the atomic bubble (104), then pass through the first polarizer (101), and return to an original incident light path;
and 6, performing Faraday rotation on second signal horizontal polarized light in the second horizontal polarized light in the atomic bubble (104) to form second signal vertical polarized light, reflecting the second signal vertical polarized light by the first polarizer (101) to enter the second half-wave plate (305) to form third signal horizontal polarized light, and finally transmitting the third signal horizontal polarized light through the polarization beam combiner (202) to enter the photoelectric detector (203) to be detected.
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| CORD FRICKE-BEGEMANN ECT.: "Daylight rejection with a new receiver for potassium resonance temperature lidars", 《OPTICS LETTERS》 * |
| 叶晖 等: "应用原子鉴频技术的低轨卫星实时视向速度测量方案", 《航天器工程》 * |
| 杨勇: "原子鉴频及其在太阳观测中的应用", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
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| CN112326022B (en) | 2023-06-02 |
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