CN112324228B - 一种组装式复合材料电杆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及输配电设施领域，具体涉及一种组装式复合材料电杆；具体为一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，所述整体式骨架层由3‑5块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；所述分体式外壳层为壁厚3‑5mm的锥形绝缘套管；所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间通过树脂胶粘接；本发明组装后的电杆，整体性强，主要受力单位无应力集中点，收到外力时，受力逐层分散，有很强的抗冲击、抗弯折的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及输配电设施领域，具体涉及一种组装式复合材料电杆。
背景技术
传统的电杆通常采用钢材、混凝土和木材等材质，这些材质的电杆基本都具有体积大、重量大、搬运困难、易腐蚀、寿命短，电杆施工运输和运行维护困难等问题。因此，复合材料因其强度高、质量轻、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性好、使用寿命长、运输施工方便等特点，因此近年来在输电杆塔领域也得到了广泛应用。由于复合材料的优良特性，随着相关研究和实践的不断进展，复合材料电杆将逐步代替传统钢材、混凝土和木材等材质电杆。
目前复合材料电杆在国内已经得到初步应用，相关发明或者实用新型专利也有不少。总体而言，结构上分为整体杆和分体杆，整体杆虽然质量相对传统材质电杆较轻，但是长度造成的运输困难问题依然存在。分体杆则解决了运输困难的问题，但是两段分体杆的连接强度对电杆整体强度的影响却又凸显出来，无论是熔融粘接还是法兰物理连接等方式，都不可避免的会形成新的应力薄弱点，埋下一定的安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种分体组装结构的复合材料电杆，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层。
其中：
本发明所述内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以1-3°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为8-12mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕3-4层；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为70-80°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层两周或三周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由3-5块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；每块玻璃钢丝布缠绕后的厚度约2.8-3.5mm；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚3-5mm的锥形绝缘套管。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述树脂胶为环氧树脂胶、聚氨酯胶粘剂或者胶粘剂A；所述胶粘剂A按如下组方：环氧树脂30-40份，脂肪胺固化剂0.8-1.1份，短无机纤维3-5份。胶粘剂A中加入短无机纤维，如短玻璃纤维、短金属纤维、短陶瓷纤维等，能够提高树脂胶的粘接强度，以及提高电杆整体的应力分散能力，提高电杆抗冲击、弯折、拉伸等破坏的能力。
需要进一步说明的是，粘接钢丝所用的胶黏剂只要能够将钢丝粘接牢固且不影响玻璃布的柔顺性——即不影响将钢丝玻璃布卷绕成捆就可以，因为此处的胶黏剂可以仅起到临时辅助固定的作用，目的是保证钢丝玻璃布运输、缠绕操作中钢丝不会脱落或移位，最终的粘接强度还能够依靠缠绕前涂布的树脂胶实现或者进一步强化。因此并不需要严格限制胶黏剂种类。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述钢丝直径为0.4-0.8mm。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述钢丝玻璃布相邻两层的缠绕方向相反，这样一来每层钢丝交替交叉排列形成分层式网格状，当电杆收到外力时，受力逐层分散，有利于提高电杆的抗冲击、抗弯折的性能。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述内壳下层的高度尺寸与所述外壳下层的高度尺寸相差15-30cm。
作为本发明更进一步的方案：所述内壳下层的高度尺寸比所述外壳下层的高度尺寸高出15-30cm。
作为本发明更进一步的方案：所述分体式外壳层的总高度比所述分体式内壳层的总高度高出5-10cm，且底面在同一高度的条件下，所述分体式外壳层的内径比整体式骨架层的外径大5-8mm。这样，在整体式骨架层外涂布树脂胶后，套装分体式外壳层时就能够通过向下错位压紧，保证各层的粘接紧密性和牢固性，并且会随着树脂胶的固化进一步提高粘接强度，从而进一步保证了电杆的整体性。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：所述分体式外壳层为壁厚3-5mm的锥型PVC绝缘套管。所采用的绝缘套管为最外层，因此，材料本身需要符合基本的耐老化性和一定的韧性。而选择PVC绝缘套管，则是因为PVC管的焊接工艺最方便且稳定。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的内壳层和外壳层均采用分体式结构，同时骨架层为可卷起的带钢丝玻璃布，组装前部件尺寸最大为3-4米左右，运输难度小。另外，本发明采用钢丝大倾斜角度密排多层分布的钢丝玻璃布与环氧树脂固化后形成的骨架层，为整体式结构，分体式的内壳层和外壳层通过整体式的骨架层结构粘接为一个整体，不存在连接点和应力集中点，且每层钢丝交替交叉排列形成分层式网格状，当电杆收到外力时，受力逐层分散，有利于提高电杆的抗冲击、抗弯折的性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；
其中：
本发明所述分体式内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以1°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为10mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕3层，厚度约2.1mm；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为73°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层两周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由3块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚3mm的锥形绝缘套管；
所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间也是通过树脂胶粘接；所述树脂胶为环氧树脂胶。
具体为将分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层临时固定后，逐层将涂布树脂胶的钢丝玻璃布缠绕在分体式内壳层外面，最后一层钢丝玻璃布缠绕好后，外面再刷一层树脂胶，将外壳下层和外壳上层依次套装压紧后，即可安装线杆。
实施例2
一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；
其中：
本发明所述分体式内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以3°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为8mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕4层，厚度约2.8mm；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为70°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层两周或三周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由4块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚5mm的锥形PVC绝缘套管；
所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间也是通过树脂胶粘接；所述树脂胶为聚氨酯胶粘剂。
实施例3
一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；所述所述内壳下层的高度尺寸比所述外壳下层的高度尺寸低15cm；所述分体式外壳层的总高度比所述分体式内壳层的总高度高出5cm，且底面在同一高度的条件下，所述分体式外壳层的内径比整体式骨架层的外径大5mm；
其中：
本发明所述分体式内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以2°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为12mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕4层，厚度约2.8mm；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为78°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层三周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由4块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚5mm的锥形PVC绝缘套管；
所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间也是通过树脂胶粘接；所述树脂胶为胶粘剂A；所述胶粘剂A按如下组方：环氧树脂35份，脂肪胺固化剂0.8份，短无机纤维3份。
实施例4
一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；所述所述内壳下层的高度尺寸比所述外壳下层的高度尺寸高15cm；所述分体式外壳层的总高度比所述分体式内壳层的总高度高出8cm，且底面在同一高度的条件下，所述分体式外壳层的内径比整体式骨架层的外径大5mm；
其中：
本发明所述分体式内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以3°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为8mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕3层，厚度约2.1mm；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为75°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层两周或三周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由4块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚5mm的锥形PVC绝缘套管；
所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间也是通过树脂胶粘接；所述树脂胶为胶粘剂A；所述胶粘剂A按如下组方：环氧树脂35份，脂肪胺固化剂1份，短无机纤维4份。
实施例5
一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；所述所述内壳下层的高度尺寸比所述外壳下层的高度尺寸高30cm；所述分体式外壳层的总高度比所述分体式内壳层的总高度高出10cm，且底面在同一高度的条件下，所述分体式外壳层的内径比整体式骨架层的外径大8mm；
其中：
本发明所述分体式内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以3°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为8mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕4层，厚度约2.8mm；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为73°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层两周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由5块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚3mm的锥形PVC绝缘套管；
所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间也是通过树脂胶粘接；所述树脂胶为胶粘剂A；所述胶粘剂A按如下组方：环氧树脂40份，脂肪胺固化剂1.1份，短无机纤维5份。
实施例6
一种组装式复合材料电杆，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；所述所述内壳下层的高度尺寸比所述外壳下层的高度尺寸高25cm；所述分体式外壳层的总高度比所述分体式内壳层的总高度高出8cm，且底面在同一高度的条件下，所述分体式外壳层的内径比整体式骨架层的外径大8mm；
其中：
本发明所述分体式内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以3°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为8mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕3层，厚度约2.1mm；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为80°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层两周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由3块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚5mm的锥形PVC绝缘套管；
所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间也是通过树脂胶粘接；所述树脂胶为胶粘剂A；所述胶粘剂A按如下组方：环氧树脂30份，脂肪胺固化剂0.8份，短无机纤维4份。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明，但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。
Claims (8)
1.一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，包括分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层，所述分体式内壳层分为内壳上层和内壳下层，所述整体式骨架层为钢丝玻璃布缠绕层，所述分体式外壳层分为外壳上层和外壳下层；
其中：
所述分体式内壳层由内而外分为缠绕层和强化层，所述缠绕层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后以1-3°缠绕角缠绕塑形而成，缠绕层的厚度为8-12mm；所述强化层为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维浸渍树脂胶后在缠绕层外面均匀缠绕3-4层；
所述钢丝玻璃布为均匀分布有钢丝的玻璃布，且所述钢丝的分布要求为：当所述钢丝玻璃布包裹在所述分体式内壳层上时，所述钢丝的缠绕角度为70-80°；所述钢丝粘接在玻璃布表面；所述钢丝玻璃布每块能够缠绕所述分体式内壳层两周或三周，且缠绕完成后，其上的钢丝正好缠绕所述分体式内壳层一周，每根钢丝的顶端和末端分别与分体式内壳层顶端和底端平齐；
所述整体式骨架层由3-5块钢丝玻璃布涂布树脂胶后缠绕而成；
所述分体式外壳层为壁厚3-5mm的锥形绝缘套管；
所述分体式内壳层、整体式骨架层、分体式外壳层之间通过树脂胶粘接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，所述树脂胶为环氧树脂胶、聚氨酯胶粘剂或者胶粘剂A；所述胶粘剂A按如下组方：环氧树脂30-40份，脂肪胺固化剂0.8-1.1份，短无机纤维3-5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，所述内壳下层的高度尺寸与所述外壳下层的高度尺寸相差15-30cm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，所述内壳下层的高度尺寸比所述外壳下层的高度尺寸高出15-30cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，所述分体式外壳层的总高度比所述分体式内壳层的总高度高出5-10cm，且底面在同一高度的条件下，所述分体式外壳层的内径比整体式骨架层的外径大5-8mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，所述分体式外壳层为壁厚3-5mm的锥型PVC绝缘套管。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，所述钢丝直径为0.4-0.8mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种组装式复合材料电杆，其特征在于，所述钢丝玻璃布相邻两层的缠绕方向相反。
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| CN103993771A (zh) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-20 | 国家电网公司 | 玻璃钢电线杆及其制造方法 |
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