CN112321051A - Multi-membrane coupling process and device for space station wastewater treatment - Google Patents
Multi-membrane coupling process and device for space station wastewater treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112321051A CN112321051A CN202011199121.5A CN202011199121A CN112321051A CN 112321051 A CN112321051 A CN 112321051A CN 202011199121 A CN202011199121 A CN 202011199121A CN 112321051 A CN112321051 A CN 112321051A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009284 supercritical water oxidation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010046555 Urinary retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002384 drinking water standard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002374 sebum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-membrane coupling process for space station wastewater treatment, which is characterized in that urine is conveyed to a membrane distillation system for treatment, the obtained concentrated solution enters an evaporation crystallization system for treatment to form solid miscellaneous salt and water vapor, and the water vapor is condensed to form condensed water; the sanitary wastewater is sent into a reverse osmosis system B for treatment; the obtained distillate, condensed water, and desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system B and condensed wastewater in the space station are converged and sent into the reverse osmosis system A for treatment, and the desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system A is recycled to each water consumption point after being disinfected and sterilized; and finally, converging concentrated solutions generated by the reverse osmosis system A and the reverse osmosis system B, treating the converged concentrated solutions in a supercritical water oxidation system to remove organic matters, and then feeding the converged concentrated solutions in a membrane distillation system. A multi-film coupling device corresponding thereto is also disclosed. The membrane distillation, reverse osmosis, evaporation bag and supercritical water oxidation technologies are organically integrated, the aim of 100% of wastewater reuse rate is achieved, and the stability and reliability of the system are prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, and relates to a multi-membrane coupling process and a multi-membrane coupling device for spatial station wastewater treatment.
Background
Water is the basic substance to sustain life operations. In manned space missions, the treatment and recycling of water in the cabin are very important, and can affect the duration, replenishment frequency, operation and maintenance cost and the like of the missions. The aerospace major countries such as the United states and Russia accumulate a great deal of ground and on-orbit operation experience in the aspect of space wastewater treatment, and relatively mature technologies and equipment are formed. With the implementation of projects such as Chinese space station construction, lunar exploration projects and the like, the demand of China on independent research and development of space water treatment technology is urgent.
The main sources of the space station wastewater are three types, namely cabin condensed water, sanitary wastewater and urine wastewater. The water quantity and the water quality of the water tank are different under the influence of the number of astronauts and the activities in the tank. Taking russia and the peace sign as an example, the amount of wastewater produced is approximately: 1.6kg of condensed water per person day, 1.2kg of urine wastewater per person day and 0.3kg of sanitary wastewater per person day. The amount of the wastewater can reach 9.3-15.5 kg/day according to the calculation of 3-5 persons in the passenger group. In addition, the influence of multiple factors such as equipment energy consumption, weight, occupied area, microgravity environmental adaptability, spare parts, stability, reliability and the like is also required to be considered for the space station wastewater treatment.
The water quality is obviously different under the influence of the source of the waste water. Pollutants in the condensed wastewater come from an air conditioning system and mainly comprise micromolecular organic matters (ethanol, glycol and the like), inorganic matters (mainly ammonia) and bacteria; the sanitary wastewater contains inorganic salt, organic matter and bacteria from sweat and sebum, and also contains surfactant and skin care agent for cleaning; among the three types of wastewater, the urine wastewater has the most complex water quality components, contains dozens of inorganic salts and a large amount of small molecular organic matters, and is difficult to treat space wastewater.
Recovery is an important issue that must be considered for spatial wastewater treatment. Taking urine wastewater as an example, according to the test result of NASA on real urine in early years, the osmotic pressure of urine is obviously increased along with the increase of water recovery rate, and when the recovery rate exceeds 75%, the water can not be separated by adopting the conventional pressure filtration technology. When the evaporation technology is adopted for treatment, the urine steam partial pressure is reduced along with the concentration of the waste water, and when the water recovery rate exceeds 95 percent, the evaporation mass transfer driving force is possibly insufficient, and the water yield is seriously influenced. At present, the urine wastewater recovery rate of the international space station is about 75%, and 25% of concentrated water cannot be treated and can only be stored as waste. In a remote space task, if the water recovery rate cannot be improved, the storage volume of the concentrated water is increased, the concentrated water occupies a limited cabin space, and hidden dangers such as microorganism propagation, waste liquid and waste gas leakage exist.
Therefore, the development of a high-recovery-rate space station wastewater treatment process for realizing closed-loop treatment and recycling of wastewater is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-membrane coupling process for space station wastewater treatment. The invention organically integrates membrane distillation, reverse osmosis, evaporation bag and supercritical water oxidation technologies to realize comprehensive treatment and recycling of the wastewater of the space station.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-membrane coupling process for treating wastewater of a space station specifically comprises the following steps
(1) Conveying the urine to a membrane distillation system for treatment, and treating the obtained concentrated solution in an evaporative crystallization system to finally form solid miscellaneous salt and water vapor, wherein the water vapor is condensed to form condensed water;
(2) the sanitary wastewater is sent into a reverse osmosis system B for treatment to remove organic matters, inorganic salts, bacteria, viruses and the like;
(3) the distillate and the condensed water obtained in the step (1) and the desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system B in the step (2) are converged with the condensed wastewater in the space station and sent into the reverse osmosis system A for treatment, and the desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system A is recycled to each water consumption point after being disinfected and sterilized;
(4) concentrated solution generated by the reverse osmosis system A and the reverse osmosis system B is converged, enters the supercritical water oxidation system for treatment to remove organic matters, and then enters the membrane distillation system to realize circulation treatment.
Further, the latent heat generated in the condensation process of the water vapor can be collected in the step (1) and used for preheating the urine, so that the energy consumption required by heating in the membrane distillation process is reduced.
The process can be used for treating and recycling wastewater in other occasions, such as a moon base, a Mars base, an artificial ecosystem and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention organically integrates the membrane distillation, reverse osmosis, evaporation bag and supercritical water oxidation technologies, thereby solving the technical problem that volatile small molecular organic matters are difficult to treat and ensuring the quality of reuse water; secondly, the problem of recycling water resources in the high-salt wastewater is solved, and the wastewater recycling rate can reach 100%; and thirdly, the problem of membrane performance attenuation caused by concentration and accumulation of organic matters is solved, and the stability and reliability of the system are greatly prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a multi-membrane coupling process for treating wastewater of a space station according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in combination with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a multi-membrane coupling process for space station wastewater treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the urine enters a membrane distillation system, under the action of temperature difference, water and other small amount of volatile substances form steam which permeates a hydrophobic membrane, the steam is condensed at the other side to form distillate, the residual urine serving as concentrated solution enters an evaporative crystallization system to finally form solid miscellaneous salt and water vapor, and the water vapor is condensed to form condensed water.
(2) The sanitary wastewater is sent into a reverse osmosis system B, the rejection rate of the reverse osmosis membrane on organic matters and inorganic salts is more than 90%, only a small amount of inorganic salts and organic matters in the wastewater enter a desalted liquid, and most of the inorganic salts and organic matters are enriched in a concentrated liquid.
(3) And (3) sending the distillate and the condensed water obtained in the step (1) and the desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system B in the step (2) and the condensed wastewater in the space station into the reverse osmosis system A for treatment, removing most organic matters, bacteria and viruses, and recycling the desalted liquid. And (4) the desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system A is recycled to each water consumption point after being disinfected and sterilized.
(4) The concentrated solution that reverse osmosis system A produced and the concentrated solution that reverse osmosis system B produced converge, send into supercritical water oxidation system and handle and get rid of the organic matter, under the condition that is higher than the critical temperature and the pressure of water, use supercritical water as reaction medium, use air or oxygen as the oxidant, oxidize the organic pollutant in the aquatic into carbon dioxide and water, carbon dioxide discharges, and the urine is diluted in the urine is converged together to the water that produces and remaining solution. In the process, the concentration of urine entering the membrane distillation system can be adjusted by adjusting the recovery rates of the reverse osmosis system B and the reverse osmosis system B, and the treatment pressure of the membrane distillation system is further adjusted.
The reverse osmosis system A not only reduces the treatment pressure of the existing urine treatment process only relying on a membrane distillation system, such as a thermoelectric integrated thin film evaporation system, but also ensures the stability of the outlet water, so that the outlet water can reach the drinking water standard all the time.
Further, the latent heat generated in the condensation process of the water vapor can be collected in the step (1) and used for preheating the urine, so that the energy consumption required by heating in the membrane distillation process is reduced.
A multi-membrane coupling device for space station wastewater treatment comprises a urine storage tank, a membrane distillation system, a concentrated solution storage tank, an evaporation bag, a condensed wastewater storage tank, a reverse osmosis system A, a sanitary wastewater storage tank, a reverse osmosis system B, a supercritical water oxidation system and a disinfection and sterilization device; the water outlet of the urine storage tank is communicated with the water inlet side of the membrane distillation system, and the concentrated solution outlet of the membrane distillation system is communicated with the evaporation bag; sanitary wastewater storage tank delivery port and reverse osmosis system B water inlet intercommunication, reverse osmosis system B desalination liquid export, membrane distillation system distillate outlet all communicates with condensation wastewater storage tank water inlet, the steam outlet of evaporation bag passes through condenser intercommunication condensation wastewater storage tank water inlet, condensation wastewater storage tank delivery port and reverse osmosis system A water inlet intercommunication, reverse osmosis system A desalination liquid export is through disinfection and sterilization device and each water mouth intercommunication, reverse osmosis system A concentrate export, reverse osmosis system B concentrate export all is connected with supercritical water oxidation system water inlet, supercritical water oxidation system delivery port and urine storage tank intercommunication.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-membrane coupling process for space station wastewater treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps
(1) Conveying the urine to a membrane distillation system for treatment, and treating the obtained concentrated solution in an evaporative crystallization system to finally form solid miscellaneous salt and water vapor, wherein the water vapor is condensed to form condensed water;
(2) the sanitary wastewater is sent into a reverse osmosis system B for treatment;
(3) the distillate and the condensed water obtained in the step (1) and the desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system B in the step (2) are converged with the condensed wastewater in the space station and sent into the reverse osmosis system A for treatment, and the desalted liquid generated by the reverse osmosis system A is recycled to each water consumption point after being disinfected and sterilized;
(4) the concentrated solution generated by the reverse osmosis system A and the reverse osmosis system B is converged, enters a supercritical water oxidation system for treatment to remove organic matters, and then enters a membrane distillation system.
2. The multi-membrane coupling process for space station wastewater treatment according to claim 1, wherein latent heat generated during condensation of water vapor can be collected in step (1) for preheating of urine.
3. A multi-membrane coupling device for space station wastewater treatment is characterized by comprising a urine storage tank, a membrane distillation system, a concentrated solution storage tank, an evaporation bag, a condensed wastewater storage tank, a reverse osmosis system A, a sanitary wastewater storage tank, a reverse osmosis system B, a supercritical water oxidation system and a disinfection and sterilization device; the water outlet of the urine storage tank is communicated with the water inlet side of the membrane distillation system, and the concentrated solution outlet of the membrane distillation system is communicated with the evaporation bag; sanitary wastewater storage tank delivery port and reverse osmosis system B water inlet intercommunication, reverse osmosis system B desalination liquid export, membrane distillation system distillate outlet all communicates with condensation wastewater storage tank water inlet, the steam outlet of evaporation bag passes through condenser intercommunication condensation wastewater storage tank water inlet, condensation wastewater storage tank delivery port and reverse osmosis system A water inlet intercommunication, reverse osmosis system A desalination liquid export is through disinfection and sterilization device and each water mouth intercommunication, reverse osmosis system A concentrate export, reverse osmosis system B concentrate export all is connected with supercritical water oxidation system water inlet, supercritical water oxidation system delivery port and urine storage tank intercommunication.
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| CN202011199121.5A CN112321051A (en) | 2020-11-01 | 2020-11-01 | Multi-membrane coupling process and device for space station wastewater treatment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113826576A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-24 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Automatic change space fish and cultivate test device |
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| CN102515397A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-06-27 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Wastewater treatment process and system |
| CN105439395A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-03-30 | 大唐国际化工技术研究院有限公司 | Zero-discharge treatment method of salt-containing organic wastewater |
| CN205133326U (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-04-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Salt -containing wastewater treatment system |
| CN108545883A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-09-18 | 中国航天员科研训练中心 | Closed ecological system wastewater treatment method |
| CN111252974A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Process and system for treating high-salinity organic wastewater based on supercritical water oxidation |
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- 2020-11-01 CN CN202011199121.5A patent/CN112321051A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102515397A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-06-27 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Wastewater treatment process and system |
| CN205133326U (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-04-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Salt -containing wastewater treatment system |
| CN105439395A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-03-30 | 大唐国际化工技术研究院有限公司 | Zero-discharge treatment method of salt-containing organic wastewater |
| CN108545883A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-09-18 | 中国航天员科研训练中心 | Closed ecological system wastewater treatment method |
| CN111252974A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Process and system for treating high-salinity organic wastewater based on supercritical water oxidation |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113826576A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-24 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Automatic change space fish and cultivate test device |
| CN113826576B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-02-28 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Automatic change space fish and cultivate test device |
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