CN112318961A - 一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,属于复合材料制备领域。本发明方法通过多层热压法,将由平行排列的长纤维状导电材料与高温下具有粘接性能的热塑性聚合物复合,制备了一种低成本、低密度、高电磁屏蔽性能的长纤维状导电材料/聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料,该方法制备工艺简单,可大规模生产,应用于由碳纤维/热固性树脂复合材料回收得到的再生碳纤维领域,可以实现回收碳纤维的高值再利用,有利于减轻碳纤维树脂基复合材料废弃物的环保压力。该方法制备的电磁屏蔽材料,相比于目前的短切纤维制备的电磁屏蔽材料,电磁屏蔽效能更高,可在通讯、电子、军工、安防、汽车行业具有广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备领域,特别涉及一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法。
背景技术
电磁屏蔽材料,是利用屏蔽材料阻隔或衰减被屏蔽区域与外界的电磁能量传播的一种材料。电磁屏蔽材料可以利用屏蔽体对电磁能流的反射、吸收和引导作用,其与屏蔽结构表面和屏蔽体内部感生的电荷、电流与极化现象相关。
碳纤维主要由碳元素(90%以上)组成的特种纤维材料,具有耐高温、抗摩擦、导电、导热、耐腐蚀及高强度高模量等特性。碳纤维作为增强纤维与树脂基体复合而成的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料具有质轻、强度高等优异性能,在汽车、航空、航天、风电等领域具有广泛应用。然而,随着碳纤维树脂基复合材料的大量应用,其废弃物总量也将急剧增加。如何将废弃碳纤维复合材料再生利用,成为产业界和社会面临的新问题。
目前回收得到的再生碳纤维通常需要经过切割过程,以短切碳纤维的形式主要用作炼铁的还原剂、公路铺设的原材料等,无法有效的实现回收碳纤维的高值利用。
目前国内外的电磁屏蔽材料多由金属材料制成,材料的密度较高,并且金属材料随着时间的延长,其电磁屏蔽效应将逐渐衰减。由导电填料为原料、聚合物为基体制备的聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料具有密度低、电磁屏蔽效应较稳定、力学性能优异、易加工成型等优点,受到研究人员的广泛关注。目前,聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料常利用熔融共混或溶液共混等方法将导电填料填充到聚合物基体中制备而成。然而,该方法往往需要填充大量的导电填料才能满足复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的要求,这将增加材料的加工难度、降低材料的力学性能,同时也提高了材料的生产成本。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:本发明通过多层热压法,将取向长纤维状导电材料与高温下具有粘接性的热塑性聚合物复合,利用热塑性聚合物在高温条件下的粘结性能,将热塑性聚合物与取向排列的长纤维状导电材料粘结为一体,制备的长纤维状导电材料/高温下具有粘接性的热塑性聚合物电磁屏蔽材料,具有密度低、电磁屏蔽性能优异等优点。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)将干燥、高温下具有粘接性能的热塑性聚合物颗粒在不低于其熔融温度下预热熔融;然后在不低于其熔融温度和10~12MPa的压力条件下热压,再在室温和10~12MPa的压力条件下冷压,制得热塑性聚合物薄膜;
2)裁剪合适尺寸和数量的热塑性聚合物薄膜和保护膜,称取合适质量的长度不小于9cm、直径不大于10μm的长纤维状导电材料;所述保护膜可以耐受热塑性聚合物颗粒的加工温度且在加工温度下不与热塑性聚合物薄膜粘结;
3)将长纤维状导电材料、保护膜和热塑性聚合物薄膜制备成预制体,其中,长纤维状导电材料位于保护膜和热塑性聚合物薄膜之间;
4)将预制体在不低于其熔融温度和10~12MPa的压力条件下热压,再在室温和10~12MPa的压力条件下冷压,除去保护膜,最终制得长纤维状导电材料含量不少于14wt%的长纤维状导电材料/热塑性聚合物电磁屏蔽材。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其保护膜、长纤维状导电材料和热塑性聚合物薄膜都为一层,其中长纤维状导电材料以平行方式排列。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其保护膜、长纤维状导电材料都为两层,其中,两层保护膜位于外侧,每层的长纤维状导电材料层都以平行方式排列。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其热塑性聚合物薄膜为一层,两层长纤维状导电材料分列于其两侧。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其热塑性聚合物薄膜为两层,两层热塑性聚合物薄膜贴合放置。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其相邻两层长纤维状导电材料的夹角为0-90°。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述上下两层长纤维状导电材料的夹角为90°。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述长纤维导电材料,包括碳纤维、再生碳纤维和导电金属纤维。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述耐高温且高温下不与热塑性聚合物薄膜粘结的保护膜,包括聚四氟乙烯薄膜和PET。
本发明涉及的一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高温下具有粘接性能的热塑性聚合物,包括聚氨酯、EVA和聚氯乙烯。
本发明涉及的新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,通过多层热压法,将由平行排列的长纤维状导电材料与高温下具有粘接性能的热塑性聚合物复合,制备了一种低成本、低密度、高电磁屏蔽性能的长纤维状导电材料/聚合物基电磁屏蔽材料,该方法制备工艺简单,可大规模生产,应用于由碳纤维/热固性树脂复合材料回收得到的再生碳纤维领域,可以实现回收碳纤维的高值再利用,有利于减轻碳纤维树脂基复合材料废弃物的环保压力。该方法制备的电磁屏蔽材料,相比于目前的短切纤维制备的电磁屏蔽材料,电磁屏蔽效能更高,可在通讯、电子、军工、安防、汽车行业具有广泛的应用。
具体实施方式
下面以再生碳纤维和聚氨酯热塑性聚合物为例,对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明,但不作为对本发明技术方案的限制。
实施例一
将干燥的聚氨酯颗粒在温度为180 ℃下的平板硫化机中预热2min;维持温度不变,将压力增至10MPa,再进行3min的热压;然后转移至冷压板中,在室温下,压力增至10MPa,再进行2min的冷压,最终得到厚度为0.3mm的聚氨酯薄膜。
将制备的聚氨酯薄膜裁剪出一块边长10cm的正方形,备用。
裁剪一块长15cm、宽15cm、厚0.2mm的聚四氟乙烯薄膜,备用。
称取纤维长度为10cm、直径为10μm的再生碳纤维0.6克,备用。
将裁剪的聚四氟乙烯薄膜平铺在工作平台上,称取的再生碳纤维利用双面胶以平行排列的方式均布并固定在其表面。再将裁剪的聚氨酯薄膜放置在平行排列的再生碳纤维表面,制备成再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体。
将制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体,在温度为180 ℃、压力为10MPa的平板硫化机中热压3min;然后转移至冷压板中,在室温下,压力增至10MPa,进行2min的冷压。完成后,去掉保护膜,最终得到厚0.3mm、再生碳纤维含量为15 wt%的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料。
本实施例制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料,经DR-S04微同轴屏蔽效能测试装置测得复合材料在4-18G的频率范围内的电磁屏蔽效能为20-27 dB。
实施例二
将干燥的聚氨酯颗粒在温度为170 ℃下的平板硫化机中预热2min;维持温度不变,将压力增至12MPa,再进行3min的热压;然后转移至冷压板中,在室温下,压力增至10MPa,进行2min的冷压,最终得到厚度为0.5mm的聚氨酯薄膜。
将制备的聚氨酯薄膜裁剪出两块边长10cm的正方形,备用。
裁剪两块长15cm、宽15cm、厚0.2mm的PET,备用。
称取纤维长度为9cm、直径为8μm的再生碳纤维0.8克,两份,备用。
将裁剪的一块PET平铺在工作平台上,称取的一份再生碳纤维利用双面胶以平行排列的方式均布并固定在其表面;再将裁剪的一块聚氨酯薄膜放置在平行排列的再生碳纤维表面,制备成一块再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体。用同样方法,再制备一块再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体。将两块制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体重叠放置,其中,上下层的再生碳纤维平行排列,制备成再生碳纤维/聚氨酯双层膜预制体。
将制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯双层膜预制体,在温度为190 ℃、压力为12MPa的平板硫化机中热压5min;然后转移至冷压板中,在室温下,压力增至12MPa,进行3min的冷压。完成后,去掉保护膜,最终得到厚0.6mm、再生碳纤维含量为14wt%的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料。
本实施例制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料,经DR-S04微同轴屏蔽效能测试装置测得复合材料在4-18G的频率范围内的电磁屏蔽效能为30-35 dB。
实施例三
与实施例二不同之处在于:
将两块制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体重叠放置时,其中,上下层的再生碳纤维垂直排列。
本实施例制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料,经DR-S04微同轴屏蔽效能测试装置测得复合材料在4-18G的频率范围内的电磁屏蔽效能为57-66 dB。
实施例四
与实施例二不同之处在于:
将两块制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体重叠放置时,其中,上下层的再生碳纤维夹角呈45度排列。
本实施例制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料,经DR-S04微同轴屏蔽效能测试装置测得复合材料在4-18G的频率范围内的电磁屏蔽效能为47-55dB。
实施例五
将干燥的聚氨酯颗粒在温度为180 ℃下的平板硫化机中预热2min;维持温度不变,将压力增至10MPa,再进行8min的热压;然后转移至冷压板中,在室温下,压力增至10MPa,进行5min的冷压,最终得到厚度为0.6mm的聚氨酯薄膜。
将制备的聚氨酯薄膜裁剪出一块边长10cm的正方形,备用。
裁剪两块长15cm、宽15cm、厚0.2mm的聚四氟乙烯薄膜,备用。
称取纤维长度为12cm、直径为6μm的再生碳纤维0.8克,两份,备用。
将裁剪的一块聚四氟乙烯薄膜平铺在工作平台上,称取的一份再生碳纤维利用双面胶以平行排列的方式均布并固定在其表面;重复上述操作,将另一份再生碳纤维以平行排列的方式固定在另一块聚四氟乙烯表面;将裁剪的聚氨酯薄膜放置在两层再生碳纤维之间,其中,上下层的再生碳纤维夹角呈30度排列,制备成再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体。
将制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜预制体,在温度为190 ℃、压力为12MPa的平板硫化机中热压5min;然后转移至冷压板中,在室温下,压力增至10MPa,进行3min的冷压。完成后,去掉保护膜,最终得到厚0.6mm、再生碳纤维含量为16wt%的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料。
本实施例制备的再生碳纤维/聚氨酯单层膜材料,经DR-S04微同轴屏蔽效能测试装置测得复合材料在4-18G的频率范围内的电磁屏蔽效能为52-60dB。
Claims (10)
1.一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)将干燥、高温下具有粘接性能的热塑性聚合物颗粒在不低于其熔融温度下预热熔融;然后在不低于其熔融温度和10~12MPa的压力条件下热压,再在室温和10~12MPa的压力条件下冷压,制得热塑性聚合物薄膜;
2)裁剪合适尺寸和数量的热塑性聚合物薄膜和保护膜,称取合适质量的长度不小于9cm、直径不大于10μm的长纤维状导电材料;所述保护膜可以耐受热塑性聚合物颗粒的加工温度且在加工温度下不与热塑性聚合物薄膜粘结;
3)将长纤维状导电材料、保护膜和热塑性聚合物薄膜制备成预制体,其中,长纤维状导电材料位于保护膜和热塑性聚合物薄膜之间;
4)将预制体在不低于其熔融温度和10~12MPa的压力条件下热压,再在室温和10~12MPa的压力条件下冷压,除去保护膜,最终制得长纤维状导电材料含量不少于14wt%的长纤维状导电材料/热塑性聚合物电磁屏蔽材。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其保护膜、长纤维状导电材料和热塑性聚合物薄膜都为一层,其中长纤维状导电材料以平行方式排列。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其保护膜、长纤维状导电材料都为两层,其中,两层保护膜位于外侧,每层的长纤维状导电材料层都以平行方式排列。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其热塑性聚合物薄膜为一层,两层长纤维状导电材料分列于其两侧。
5.根据权利要求3所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其热塑性聚合物薄膜为两层,两层热塑性聚合物薄膜贴合放置。
6.根据权利要求3至5任一项所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预制体,其两层长纤维状导电材料的夹角为0-90°。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述上下两层长纤维状导电材料的夹角为90°。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述长纤维导电材料,包括碳纤维、再生碳纤维和导电金属纤维。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述耐高温且高温下不与热塑性聚合物薄膜粘结的保护膜,包括聚四氟乙烯薄膜和PET。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种新型电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高温下具有粘接性能的热塑性聚合物,包括聚氨酯、EVA和聚氯乙烯。
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