CN112318790B - Vulcanization molding process for high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulation layer - Google Patents
Vulcanization molding process for high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulation layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112318790B CN112318790B CN202010938798.XA CN202010938798A CN112318790B CN 112318790 B CN112318790 B CN 112318790B CN 202010938798 A CN202010938798 A CN 202010938798A CN 112318790 B CN112318790 B CN 112318790B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/04—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
- B29C35/045—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/002—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
- B29L2031/749—Motors
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vulcanization molding process of a high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulating layer.A flange plate at the material inlet end of an engine is provided with a stress release hole with threads, and the stress release hole is blocked by a bolt; molding a heat insulating layer on the engine shell; installing a vulcanization molding tool, putting the vulcanization molding tool into a hot air circulation electric oven preheated to 70 +/-5 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and vulcanization for 2 hours; disassembling bolts on the stress release holes, adjusting the temperature of the hot air circulation electric oven to 100 +/-5 ℃, and vulcanizing and preserving heat for 3 hours; raising the temperature to 130 +/-5 ℃, carrying out vulcanization and heat preservation for 2 hours, turning off a power supply of a hot air circulation electric oven, and naturally cooling for 8-12 hours; opening a hot air circulation electric drying oven, and placing the engine shell in a safe environment for stress release for 2-3 days; and demolding to complete the vulcanization molding of the heat insulating layer. The invention provides a gradient heating and stress releasing vulcanization forming process for a silicon-based heat insulating layer with high solid content and expansion stress generated in the vulcanization process, and solves the problem that the engine shell is easy to crack in the vulcanization process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vulcanization forming process technology of a silicon-based heat insulating layer with high viscosity (solid content is more than 70%) and expansion stress generated in a vulcanization process, which is generally applicable to vulcanization forming of the heat insulating layer with expansion stress generated in the high-viscosity vulcanization process. The method can be applied to various fields (aerospace, aviation, weaponry, electronics and the like), and solves the great threat of expansion stress to the heat insulation layer shell in the vulcanization process.
Background
With the development of the technology of the ramjet engine, higher and higher requirements are provided for the performance of a thermal protection heat insulation layer material, the heat insulation layer material is required to resist ablation and scouring for a long time and resist oxidation and form a complete carbon structure, and the like, the traditional butyronitrile and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber has poor oxidation resistance and incomplete carbon structure, cannot meet the updating and higher requirements of the ramjet engine on the heat insulation layer material, and the silicon rubber is a preferred material for the thermal protection heat insulation layer of the engine due to a plurality of excellent performances. The silicone rubber is successfully applied to the thermal protection of various types of ramjets in the early eighties of the last century abroad, and the application technology in the field of the thermal insulation layer of the ramjets is not mature at present due to the late research on the silicone rubber material in China. The ablation performance of the silicon-based heat-insulating layer formula researched by the second O-fourth research institute of the Chinese weapon industry is in the leading position in China, but the solid content of the formula is high, so that great challenges are brought to the molding of the silicon-based heat-insulating layer formula, and the existing heat-insulating layer molding process in the industry is not suitable for the molding of the heat-insulating layer. Aiming at the formula, a high-efficiency heat insulation layer forming process is researched by two good things and four good things and comprises three parts: 1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) a technology for uniformly dispersing all components of the heat insulation layer, 2) a heat insulation layer sizing material pre-forming technology, and 3) a heat insulation layer integral vulcanization forming technology. Generally, a heat insulation layer sizing material is preformed on the inner wall of an engine shell on a forming machine, and then the engine shell is placed in an oven to be heated and vulcanized and formed, so that the heat insulation layer is solidified on the inner wall of the engine shell; the application finds that in the integral vulcanization molding process of the heat insulating layer, the heat insulating layer material is heated at a high temperature rapidly to generate large expansion stress, so that part of the low-strength engine shell is cracked, on one hand, the project research progress is delayed, and on the other hand, considerable economic loss is caused. Therefore, a reliable vulcanization molding process technology becomes a necessary link for the research of the molding technology of the silicon-based heat insulating layer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a vulcanization forming process of a high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulating layer, which aims to overcome the problems in the conventional heat insulating layer vulcanization forming technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulation layer vulcanization molding process is provided, which carries out vulcanization molding on a silicon-based heat insulation layer which has high viscosity and can generate expansion stress during vulcanization; the high viscosity is a silicon-based heat insulating layer with the solid content of more than 70 percent; the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging a stress release hole on a vulcanization molding tool of a product to be subjected to heat insulation layer molding, then, carrying out silicon-based heat insulation layer molding on the product, then, sequentially carrying out vulcanization according to three temperature gradients, then, naturally cooling, and finally, releasing stress to finish vulcanization; wherein the first gradient vulcanization temperature is: keeping the temperature and vulcanizing for T1 at 70 plus or minus 5 ℃; the second gradient vulcanization temperature is 100 +/-5 ℃, and the vulcanization heat preservation time is T2; the third gradient vulcanization temperature is 130 +/-5 ℃, and the vulcanization heat preservation time is T3; natural cooling time: 8-12 h; releasing stress for 2-3 days; and T2 > T1 ═ T3.
Specifically, the T1 and the T3 are both 2h +/-20 min; t2 is 3 h. + -. 20 min.
Specifically, the product is an engine shell, and the product vulcanization molding tool comprises a flange plate at the material inlet end of the engine; the stress release hole is formed in a flange at the material inlet end of the engine, and the flange at the material inlet end of the engine is in contact with the silicon-based heat insulating layer.
Specifically, the stress release hole is axially the same as the flange plate at the feed port end of the engine.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a plurality of stress release holes on a flange plate at a material inlet end of an engine, and plugging the stress release holes by bolts before molding a heat insulation layer;
step two, molding the heat insulation layer of the engine shell in the step one by adopting a heat insulation layer prefabrication molding process;
step three, unloading the engine shell with the heat insulation layer formed in the step two from the forming machine, installing a vulcanization forming tool, putting the vulcanization forming tool into a hot air circulation electric oven which is preheated to 70 +/-5 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and vulcanization for 2 hours;
opening the hot air circulation electric oven, detaching the bolts on the stress release holes, and closing the hot air circulation electric oven;
regulating the temperature of the hot air circulating electric oven to 100 +/-5 ℃, and vulcanizing and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step six, raising the temperature of the hot air circulation electric oven to 130 +/-5 ℃, carrying out vulcanization heat preservation for 2 hours, turning off the power supply of the hot air circulation electric oven, and naturally cooling for 8-12 hours;
opening a hot air circulation electric drying oven, and placing the engine shell in a safe environment to release stress for 2-3 days;
and step eight, demolding to finish the vulcanization molding of the heat insulation layer.
Specifically, in the first step, the diameter and the number of the stress release holes are phi 10mm multiplied by 4, and 4 stress release holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the flange plate; the stress release hole is a threaded stress release hole to cooperate with the bolt.
Specifically, in the second step, the heat insulation layer prefabricating and forming process comprises a surface mounting process, an extrusion process or a compression molding process.
Specifically, in the third step, the installation vulcanization molding tool comprises an engine sealing flange plate and a fixing bolt for an engine shell and a mandrel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the invention determines the gradient heating vulcanization molding technology of the silicon-based heat insulating layer with expansion stress generated in the vulcanization process of high viscosity (solid content is more than 70%).
2. The invention determines the stress releasing technology of the silicon-based heat insulating layer generating the expansion stress during the vulcanization of high viscosity (the solid content is more than 70%).
3. The invention solves the technical problem of expansion crack of the engine shell caused by the vulcanization process of the silicon-based heat-insulating layer with expansion stress generated during high-viscosity (solid content is more than 70%) vulcanization, and strictly operates according to the process to ensure the safety and reliability of the engine product in the vulcanization molding process of the silicon-based heat-insulating layer.
4. The invention can reduce the cost consumption and improve the molding efficiency.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a vulcanization forming process technology of a silicon-based heat insulating layer generating expansion stress during vulcanization with high viscosity (solid content is more than 70%), which aims at the formula characteristics of the silicon-based heat insulating layer and solves the great threat of the expansion stress to the integrity of the heat insulating layer shell during vulcanization. The invention is mainly applied to the vulcanization molding of the heat insulation layer with high viscosity and expansion stress generated in the vulcanization process. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging a stress release hole on a vulcanization molding tool of a product to be subjected to heat insulation layer molding, then, carrying out silicon-based heat insulation layer molding on the product, then, sequentially carrying out vulcanization according to three temperature gradients, then, naturally cooling, and finally, releasing stress to complete vulcanization; wherein the first gradient vulcanization temperature is: keeping the temperature and vulcanizing for T1 at 70 plus or minus 5 ℃; the second gradient vulcanization temperature is 100 +/-5 ℃, and the vulcanization heat preservation time is T2; the third gradient vulcanization temperature is 130 +/-5 ℃, and the vulcanization heat preservation time is T3; natural cooling time: 8 h-12 h; releasing the stress for 2-3 days; and T2 > T1 ═ T3.
Specifically, T1 and T3 are both 2h +/-20 min; t2 is 3 h. + -. 20 min.
The product is an engine shell, and the product vulcanization molding tool comprises a flange plate at the feed port end of an engine; the stress release hole is arranged on a flange plate at the material inlet end of the engine, and the flange plate at the material inlet end of the engine is in contact with the silicon-based heat insulating layer.
The stress release hole is axially identical to the flange plate at the feed port end of the engine.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a plurality of stress release holes on a flange plate at a material inlet end of an engine, and plugging the stress release holes by bolts before molding a heat insulation layer; specifically, in the first step, the diameter and the number of the stress release holes are phi 10mm multiplied by 4, and 4 stress release holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the flange plate; the stress release hole is threaded for cooperating with the bolt.
Step two, molding the heat insulation layer of the engine shell in the step one by adopting a heat insulation layer prefabrication molding process; specifically, in the second step, the heat insulating layer prefabricating and forming process comprises a surface mounting process, an extrusion process or a compression molding process.
Step three, unloading the engine shell with the heat insulation layer formed in the step two from the forming machine, installing a vulcanization forming tool, putting the vulcanization forming tool into a hot air circulation electric oven which is preheated to 70 +/-5 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and vulcanization for 2 hours; specifically, in the third step, the installation vulcanization molding tool comprises an engine sealing flange plate and a fixing bolt of an engine shell and a mandrel.
Opening the hot air circulation electric drying oven, detaching the bolts on the stress release holes, and closing the hot air circulation electric drying oven;
regulating the temperature of the hot air circulating electric oven to 100 +/-5 ℃, and vulcanizing and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step six, raising the temperature of the hot air circulation electric oven to 130 +/-5 ℃, carrying out vulcanization heat preservation for 2 hours, turning off the power supply of the hot air circulation electric oven, and naturally cooling for 8-12 hours;
opening a hot air circulation electric drying oven, and placing the engine shell in a safe environment to release stress for 2-3 days;
and step eight, demolding to finish the vulcanization molding of the heat insulation layer.
The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, phi 350mm long 1006mm engine housing is addressed.
The present embodiment is completed according to the following operation steps:
step one, reserving a stress release hole of an inlet end flange of an engine when designing and processing a tool.
Step two, adopting an extrusion forming process to form the heat insulating layer completely according to the preparation requirement of the heat insulating layer;
step three, unloading the engine shell with the formed heat insulation layer from the forming machine, installing a vulcanization forming tool, putting the engine shell into a hot air circulation electric oven which is preheated to 65 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and vulcanization for 2 hours;
step four, closing the power supply of the oven, opening the oven door, detaching the stress release hole bolt, and closing the oven door;
step five, adjusting the temperature of the oven to 95 ℃, and vulcanizing and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step six, continuing to heat to 125 ℃ for vulcanizing for 2 hours, turning off a power supply of the oven, and naturally cooling for 8 hours;
opening a door of the oven, and placing the workpiece in a safe environment for stress release for 2 days;
and step eight, demolding to finish vulcanization molding of the heat insulation layer.
Through the vulcanization molding process, the engine shell is complete and free of damage, and the heat insulation layer is good in molding quality.
Example 2:
in this example, a test piece of an engine, phi 380mm long 1953mm, was used.
The present embodiment is completed according to the following operation steps:
step one, reserving a stress release hole of a flange at an inlet end of an engine when designing and processing a tool.
Step two, adopting an extrusion forming process to form the heat insulating layer completely according to the preparation requirement of the heat insulating layer;
step three, unloading the engine shell with the formed heat insulation layer from the forming machine, installing a vulcanization forming tool, putting the engine shell into a hot air circulation electric drying oven with the temperature pre-raised to 75 ℃, and preserving heat and vulcanizing for 2 hours;
step four, closing the power supply of the oven, opening the oven door, detaching the stress release hole bolt, and closing the oven door;
regulating the temperature of the oven to 105 ℃, and vulcanizing and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step six, continuing to heat to 135 ℃ for vulcanization for 2h, turning off a power supply of the oven, and naturally cooling for 12 h;
opening a door of the oven, and placing the workpiece in a safe environment for stress release for 3 days;
and step eight, demolding to finish the vulcanization molding of the heat insulation layer.
Through the vulcanization molding process, the engine shell is intact, and the molding quality of the heat insulation layer is good.
Claims (5)
1. A vulcanization molding process for a high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulation layer is characterized in that the process carries out vulcanization molding on the high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulation layer which can generate expansion stress during vulcanization; the high viscosity is a silicon-based heat insulating layer with solid content of more than 70 percent; the process comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging a stress release hole on a vulcanization molding tool of a product to be subjected to heat insulation layer molding, then, carrying out silicon-based heat insulation layer molding on the product, then, sequentially carrying out vulcanization according to three temperature gradients, then, naturally cooling, and finally, releasing stress to finish vulcanization; wherein the first gradient vulcanization temperature is: keeping the temperature and vulcanizing for T1 at 70 plus or minus 5 ℃; the second gradient vulcanization temperature is 100 +/-5 ℃, and the vulcanization heat preservation time is T2; the third gradient vulcanization temperature is 130 +/-5 ℃, and the vulcanization heat preservation time is T3; natural cooling time: 8 h-12 h; releasing the stress for 2-3 days; and T2 > T1= T3;
both the T1 and the T3 are 2h +/-20 min; t2 is 3h +/-20 min;
the product is an engine shell, and the product vulcanization molding tool comprises a flange plate at the feed port end of the engine; the stress release hole is formed in a flange at the material inlet end of the engine, and the flange at the material inlet end of the engine is in contact with the silicon-based heat insulating layer;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a plurality of stress release holes on a flange plate at a material inlet end of an engine, and plugging the stress release holes by bolts before molding a heat insulation layer;
step two, molding the heat insulation layer of the engine shell in the step one by adopting a heat insulation layer prefabrication molding process;
step three, unloading the engine shell with the heat insulation layer formed in the step two from the forming machine, installing a vulcanization forming tool, placing the engine shell into a hot air circulation electric oven which is preheated to 70 +/-5 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation and vulcanization for 2 hours;
opening the hot air circulation electric drying oven, detaching the bolts on the stress release holes, and closing the hot air circulation electric drying oven;
regulating the temperature of the hot air circulating electric oven to 100 +/-5 ℃, and vulcanizing and preserving heat for 3 hours;
step six, raising the temperature of the hot air circulation electric oven to 130 +/-5 ℃, carrying out vulcanization heat preservation for 2 hours, turning off the power supply of the hot air circulation electric oven, and naturally cooling for 8-12 hours;
opening a hot air circulation electric drying oven, and placing the engine shell in a safe environment to release stress for 2-3 days;
and step eight, demolding to finish vulcanization molding of the heat insulation layer.
2. The vulcanization molding process for a high-viscosity silicon-based insulating layer according to claim 1, wherein the stress relief hole is axially identical to a flange at an engine inlet end.
3. The vulcanization molding process for a high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulating layer according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the diameter and number of the stress release holes are phi 10mm x 4, and 4 stress release holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the flange; the stress release hole is a threaded stress release hole to cooperate with the bolt.
4. The vulcanization molding process for a high-viscosity silicon-based thermal insulation layer according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the pre-molding process for the thermal insulation layer comprises a sheet-attaching, extruding or compression molding process.
5. The vulcanization molding process for a high-viscosity silicon-based heat insulating layer according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the installation vulcanization molding tool comprises an engine sealing flange and a fixing bolt for an engine shell and a mandrel.
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