CN112310644B - Array antenna, base station system and antenna performance adjusting method - Google Patents

Array antenna, base station system and antenna performance adjusting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112310644B
CN112310644B CN202011051420.4A CN202011051420A CN112310644B CN 112310644 B CN112310644 B CN 112310644B CN 202011051420 A CN202011051420 A CN 202011051420A CN 112310644 B CN112310644 B CN 112310644B
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fusion
radiating
radiation
frequency
radiation unit
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CN112310644A (en
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刘正贵
潘利君
孙小明
李慧敏
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CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
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CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and discloses an array antenna, a base station system and an antenna performance adjusting method, wherein the array antenna comprises a fusion radiation unit, a radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is of a cross structure, and at least one end part of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is connected with a loading structure. According to the array antenna, the base station system and the antenna performance adjusting method, the cross-shaped fusion radiating unit can be effectively and flexibly arranged in other frequency bands, and meanwhile coupling between frequency bands is reduced. In the fusion antenna, the fusion radiating unit adopts a cross structure, so that the inter-frequency mutual coupling can be reduced, and the physical length of the radiating unit can be reduced by adding a loading structure at the tail end of the radiating arm, so that the size of the radiating unit is reduced, and the mutual coupling influence is reduced; and aiming at a plurality of positions in the fusion antenna, the matching characteristic of the radiating unit can be improved by adding the oscillator arm tail end loading structure, and the radiation characteristic of the radiating unit in the environment is improved.

Description

Array antenna, base station system and antenna performance adjusting method
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to an array antenna, a base station system, and an antenna performance adjusting method.
Background
With the deep development of 4G and the advent of the 5G age, the number of systems operated by operators is increasing, and the shortage of antenna resources becomes a significant problem, so that the volume occupied by the antenna must be reduced, and the important direction of reducing the volume of the antenna is miniaturization of the antenna. Conventional multiple frequency nested or side-by-side arrangements are limited in size and are difficult to achieve.
The current fusion scheme of the vibrator with a specific structure is the key choice. However, in the fusion scheme, matching characteristics of different vibrators corresponding to different positions are different, so that simultaneous meeting of a plurality of positions is difficult to achieve, standing-wave ratio is deteriorated, and radiation characteristics are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an array antenna, a base station system and an antenna performance adjusting method, which are used for solving or partially solving the problems that in the existing antenna fusion scheme, matching characteristics corresponding to different oscillators at different positions are different, a plurality of positions are difficult to realize and simultaneously meet, standing wave ratio is deteriorated, and radiation characteristics are reduced.
The embodiment of the invention provides an array antenna, which comprises a fusion radiating unit, wherein a radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit is of a cross structure, and at least one end part of the radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit is connected with a loading structure.
On the basis of the scheme, the loading structure comprises a loading column, and the loading column is arranged below and/or above the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit.
On the basis of the scheme, the loading structure is electrically connected with the radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit.
On the basis of the scheme, the fusion radiating unit is of a die-casting structure; the radiating arms of the fusion radiating unit are integrally formed with the loading structure.
On the basis of the scheme, the radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit is of a printed circuit structure; and the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is connected with the loading structure through a metallized via hole.
On the basis of the scheme, the width of the radiating arms of the fusion radiating unit is of a gradual change structure.
On the basis of the scheme, the high-frequency radiation device further comprises high-frequency radiation units, and the fusion radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units.
On the basis of the scheme, the low-frequency cross radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units, and the fusion radiation unit is arranged on the side edge of the low-frequency cross radiation unit.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a base station system which comprises the array antenna, a reflecting bottom plate and an antenna housing, wherein the array antenna is arranged in a space formed by the reflecting bottom plate and the antenna housing.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an antenna performance adjusting method based on the array antenna, which comprises the following steps: setting a fusion radiation unit according to the antenna space layout and performance indexes; the matching characteristics of the fusion radiating element are adjusted by adjusting the number, position and size of loading structures at the tail ends of the radiating arms of the fusion radiating element.
According to the array antenna, the base station system and the antenna performance adjusting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fusion scheme for arranging the cross fusion radiating units can be effectively and flexibly arranged in other frequency bands, and meanwhile, the coupling between the frequency bands is reduced. In the fusion antenna, the fusion radiating unit adopts a cross structure, so that the inter-frequency mutual coupling can be reduced, and the physical length of the radiating unit can be reduced by adding a loading structure at the tail end of the radiating arm, so that the size of the radiating unit is reduced, and the mutual coupling influence is reduced; and aiming at a plurality of positions in the fusion antenna, the matching characteristic of the radiating unit can be improved by adding the oscillator arm tail end loading structure, and the radiation characteristic of the radiating unit in the environment is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific application of a fused radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a die-cast radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a die-cast radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a PCB radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a second schematic structural view of a PCB radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first simulation result of a PCB radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second simulation result of a PCB radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third simulation result of a PCB radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. fusing the radiating elements; 101. die casting the radiating element; 1011. die casting the radiating arm of the radiating unit; 1012. a die-casting radiation unit support; 1013. die casting the radiating element feed piece; 1014a and 1014b, die casting a radiating element drop post; 102. a PCB radiating unit; 1021. a PCB radiating unit radiating arm; 1022a and 1022b, PCB radiating unit support; 1023a and 1023b, PCB radiating element feed lines; 1024. a PCB radiating unit loading column; 2. a low frequency bowl-shaped radiating element; 3. an intermediate frequency radiation unit; 4. a high-frequency radiation unit; 5. a low frequency cross radiating element.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an array antenna, which comprises a fusion radiating unit, wherein a radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit is of a cross structure, and at least one end part of the radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit is connected with a loading structure.
Referring to fig. 1, the fused radiating element 1 is configured to be disposed in an antenna array, and is disposed on the same radiating plane together with other radiating elements in different frequency bands, so as to form a multi-frequency antenna array. Specifically, the specific setting working frequency band of the fusion radiating element 1 may be set to any frequency band of high frequency, medium frequency or low frequency according to actual needs, so as to be used for fusion with radiating elements of other frequency bands, which is not specifically limited.
According to the array antenna provided by the embodiment, the fusion scheme for arranging the cross fusion radiating units can be effectively and flexibly arranged in other frequency bands, and meanwhile, the coupling between the frequency bands is reduced. In the fusion antenna, the fusion radiating unit adopts a cross structure, so that the inter-frequency mutual coupling can be reduced, and the physical length of the radiating unit can be reduced by adding a loading structure at the tail end of the radiating arm, so that the size of the radiating unit is reduced, and the mutual coupling influence is reduced; and aiming at a plurality of positions in the fusion antenna, the matching characteristic of the radiating unit can be improved by adding the oscillator arm tail end loading structure, and the radiation characteristic of the radiating unit in the environment is improved. The fusion radiating unit has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, light weight, flexible design, clear array layout and good circuit matching characteristic.
Further, with reference to fig. 2 and 3, on the basis of the above-described embodiments, the loading structure comprises loading posts, which are provided below and/or above the radiating arms of the fusion radiating element 1. The loading column can be flexibly arranged below, above or above and below the radiation arm according to actual conditions, so that the influence on the performance of the different-frequency radiation unit is reduced as much as possible, and the mutual coupling influence is reduced.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the loading structure is electrically connected to the radiating arm of the fusion radiating element 1.
Further, with reference to fig. 2 and 3, the fused radiating element 1 is of a die-cast structure; the radiating arms of the fused radiating element 1 are integrally formed with the loading structure. The loading structure can also be welded with the radiation arm, and the specific connection mode is not limited.
Further, with reference to fig. 4 and 5, the radiating arm of the fused radiating element 1 is a printed circuit structure; the radiating arms of the fused radiating element 1 are connected to the loading structure by metallized vias.
Further, with reference to fig. 4 and 5, the width of the radiating arms of the fused radiating element 1 is in a gradual configuration on the basis of the above-described embodiments.
The fusion radiation unit in the embodiment specifically comprises a radiation arm, a substrate, a support, a feeder line and a loading column; the substrate is used for supporting the radiation arm. The fusion radiation unit is of a half-wave vibrator structure; inter-band coupling may be reduced in a multifrequency fused array. The tail end of the vibrator arm can be matched in different environments by selectively loading branches or physically prolonging; the vibrator arm adopts a gradual change structure to realize bandwidth expansion. As shown in fig. 4, the radiating arm, i.e., the vibrator arm in this embodiment gradually decreases in width toward the tip.
The tail end of the radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit can be provided with a vertical downward sagging column, and the sagging column can be divided into two parts which are respectively arranged on the upper edge of the horizontal direction of the radiating arm and the lower edge of the horizontal direction of the radiating arm.
The radiating arm of the fusion radiating unit can be of a printed circuit structure, the tail end of the radiating arm can be selectively loaded with a weldable metal piece with any shape, and the weldable metal piece is arranged at the tail end of the vibrator arm so as to realize optimal matching characteristics of different positions of the array.
Wherein the radiation arm and the substrate are in a cross shape and are respectively placed along +45 DEG and-45 DEG; the radiation arms are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate, and the gradual change structure printed circuits are respectively arranged. The tail end of the radiation arm is provided with a metallized via hole, and branches are loaded at the tail end of the radiation arm according to the array environment, and electric connection is realized. When the loading knob is provided at the end of the radiating arm in the horizontal direction of the radiating element, the cross polarization ratio can be improved.
The support can also be a printed circuit structure and is vertically arranged by adopting a crisscross structure; the feeder line and the radiating arm adopt a non-connected coupling feed mode; the support is electrically connected with the radiating arm.
The loading column can be round, square and the like, and is electrically connected with the tail end of the radiation arm.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a specific application of the fused radiating element 1 in an antenna array. The array antenna provided in this embodiment further includes a high-frequency radiating element, and the fusion radiating element 1 is disposed between two adjacent high-frequency radiating elements. The plurality of high-frequency radiating elements form a high-frequency array. The fusion radiation unit 1 is arranged in the high-frequency array in a fusion manner, and realizes another working frequency band in the same radiation plane.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the array antenna further includes a low-frequency cross radiating element, the low-frequency cross radiating element is disposed between two adjacent high-frequency radiating elements, and the fusion radiating element 1 is disposed at a side of the low-frequency cross radiating element. The array antenna fuses the low-frequency cross radiation unit and the fusion radiation unit to be arranged in the high-frequency array, so that three different working frequency bands can be realized.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, further, the present embodiment provides a base station system, where the base station system includes the array antenna according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, and further includes a reflection chassis and a radome, and the array antenna is disposed in a space formed by the reflection chassis and the radome.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, further, this embodiment provides an antenna performance adjusting method based on the array antenna described in any one of the foregoing embodiments, where the method includes: setting a fusion radiation unit according to the antenna space layout and performance indexes; the matching characteristics of the fusion radiating element are adjusted by adjusting the number, position and size of loading structures at the tail ends of the radiating arms of the fusion radiating element.
The fusion of antennas with different frequency bands can be realized by arranging the fusion radiation units under the condition of smaller installation space, so that the existing scheme of multi-frequency nesting or side-by-side arrangement is replaced, and the requirement of miniaturization of the antennas is met. The space distribution of the antennas is considered particularly when the fusion radiation units are arranged, and the fusion radiation units are arranged at the positions meeting the space; meanwhile, the influence of the fusion radiating unit on other frequency band arrays is considered, and the fusion radiating unit is arranged on the premise of meeting the performance indexes of the other frequency band arrays.
After the setting positions of the fusion radiating units are determined, the loading structure is selectively set according to different positions of the fusion radiating units, the specific setting number, the setting positions and the specific sizes of the loading structure on one fusion radiating unit are debugged, and the matching characteristics of the fusion radiating units at the positions are optimized. Thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the fused radiation element.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, in view of the defects and application requirements of the existing fusion antenna scheme, the present embodiment proposes a tunable radiating element and an antenna array, which aim to solve the problem of different matching of different positions in the fusion scheme, and fundamentally improve the antenna characteristics. The application of the fusion radiating element solves the problem of impedance mismatch of the radiating element in different positions in the fusion array in the prior art, and has simple structure and easy realization.
Referring to fig. 1, the array in this embodiment is composed of a fusion radiating element 1, a low-frequency bowl-shaped radiating element 2, a medium-frequency radiating element 3, a high-frequency radiating element 4 and a low-frequency cross radiating element 5. The fusion radiating unit 1 and the intermediate frequency radiating unit 3 are radiating units with the same working frequency band and different forms; the low-frequency bowl-shaped radiating element 2 and the low-frequency cross radiating element 5 are radiating elements with the same working frequency band and different forms; in the high-frequency array, the fused radiating element 1 and the low-frequency cross radiating element 5 are added to realize the maximization of the gains of the low-frequency band and the medium-frequency band of the antenna by inserting the fused radiating element 1 and the low-frequency cross radiating element 5 in the compact high-frequency radiating element array, and meanwhile, the performance index of the high-frequency band of the antenna is not influenced. The arrangement of the fusion radiating unit 1 and the low-frequency cross radiating unit 5 replaces the original low-frequency bowl-shaped radiating unit 2 and the intermediate-frequency radiating unit 3, reduces the space required by installation, and can be arranged in a high-frequency array in a fusion manner.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a die-cast radiating element 101 as a fusion radiating element. The die-cast radiating element 101 is composed of a die-cast radiating element radiating arm 1011, a die-cast radiating element support 1012, a die-cast radiating element feeding piece 1013, and a die-cast radiating element sagging column 1014a or 1014b, and in this embodiment, two die-cast radiating elements 101 are disposed between the high-frequency radiating elements 4 and on the side of the low-frequency cross radiating element 5, respectively, and the positions are determined by the layout and the optimization of performance indexes.
Preferably, the die-cast radiating element sagging column 1014a or the die-cast radiating element sagging column 1014b is added to the end of the die-cast radiating element radiating arm 1011, which equivalently increases the electrical length of the intermediate frequency, reduces the dimension in the plane direction of the intermediate frequency, and reduces the influence of the overlapping of the intermediate frequency and the high frequency projection direction.
Preferably, die cast radiating element drop leg 1014b divides the same sized drop leg into upper and lower portions than die cast radiating element drop leg 1014a, reducing the cross coupling effect between the intermediate and high frequencies.
In the array, the die-cast radiating element 101 exhibits different matching characteristics at different positions affected by the high-frequency radiating element 4 and the low-frequency cross radiating element 5, and since the die-cast radiating element 101 is generally integrally formed with a loading post, it is inconvenient to flexibly adjust the specific arrangement of the loading post, and the same die-cast radiating element 101 is difficult to be compatible with the matching characteristics at different positions to be optimal, so the present embodiment provides a PCB radiating element 102 to solve the problem.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the PCB radiating unit 102 is composed of a PCB radiating unit radiating arm 1021, a PCB radiating unit support 1022a or 1022b, a PCB radiating unit feeder 1023a or 1023b, and a PCB radiating unit loading post 1024. In different placement of the array, best matching of radiating elements is achieved by selectively loading PCB radiating element loading posts 1024. Wherein in fig. 4 the PCB radiating element support 1022a is a conventional die-cast metal piece and the PCB radiating element feed 1023a is a conventional 35-100deg.C radio frequency cable; the PCB radiating element support 1022b in fig. 5 is a printed circuit PCB and the PCB radiating element feed 1023b is a printed circuit PCB.
Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, when the PCB radiating unit loading post 1024 is not loaded, the PCB radiating unit 102 is disposed in the boundary of the high frequency radiating unit 4 and the low frequency cross radiating unit 5, respectively, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, and compared to fig. 6 and 7, the position in the boundary of the high frequency radiating unit 4 is significantly better than that in the boundary of the low frequency cross radiating unit 5, and for this problem, the PCB radiating unit loading post 1024 is selectively added to the end of the PCB radiating arm 1021 to change the matching characteristics, as shown in fig. 8.
Preferably, the PCB radiating unit loading posts 1024 are selectively loaded at two positions in the horizontal direction of the PCB radiating unit 102; that is, preferably, the loading structure is provided at both ends of the fusion radiating element in the horizontal direction, and the cross polarization ratio of the radiation pattern can be optimized.
The embodiment provides the adjustable radiating unit, aiming at different application environments, branches can be selectively loaded to realize matching, and the adjustable radiating unit is simple in structure and obvious in effect. The radiation unit provided by the embodiment improves the matching characteristic of the radiation unit by adding the branch at the tail end of the vibrator arm aiming at a plurality of positions in the fusion scheme, improves the radiation characteristic of the radiation unit in the environment, reduces the die sinking period and the cost due to the optimized PCB printed circuit structure, and is flexible in design.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The array antenna is characterized by comprising a fusion radiation unit, wherein the specific setting working frequency range of the fusion radiation unit is high frequency, medium frequency or low frequency; the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is of a cross structure, and at least one end part of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is connected with a loading structure;
the high-frequency radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units;
the low-frequency cross radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units, and the fusion radiation unit is arranged on the side edge of the low-frequency cross radiation unit;
the loading structure comprises a loading column, and the loading column is arranged below and/or above the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit;
the fusion radiation unit is of a die-casting structure; the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit and the loading structure are integrally formed;
the end of the radiation arm of the die-casting radiation unit is added with the sagging column of the die-casting radiation unit, so that the electric length of the intermediate frequency is equivalently increased, the dimension of the intermediate frequency in the plane direction is reduced, and the influence of overlapping of the intermediate frequency and the high-frequency projection direction is reduced; the drop column of the die-casting radiation unit is divided into an upper part and a lower part, so that the mutual coupling influence between the medium frequency and the high frequency is reduced;
or the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is of a printed circuit structure; the radiation arms of the fusion radiation unit are connected with the loading structure through metallized through holes, and the width of the radiation arms of the fusion radiation unit is of a gradual change structure; the loading columns of the PCB radiating units are selectively loaded at two positions in the horizontal direction of the PCB radiating units, and the loading structures are arranged at two end parts in the horizontal direction of the fusion radiating units, so that the cross polarization ratio of the radiating patterns can be optimized.
2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the loading structure is electrically connected to a radiating arm of the fused radiating element.
3. A base station system comprising the array antenna of any of claims 1-2, further comprising a reflective backplane and a radome, said array antenna being disposed in a space defined by said reflective backplane and said radome.
4. An antenna performance adjustment method based on the array antenna of any one of claims 1-2, comprising:
setting a fusion radiation unit according to the antenna space layout and performance indexes;
the matching characteristics of the fusion radiating element are adjusted by adjusting the number, position and size of loading structures at the tail ends of the radiating arms of the fusion radiating element.
CN202011051420.4A 2020-09-29 2020-09-29 Array antenna, base station system and antenna performance adjusting method Active CN112310644B (en)

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CN114336005B (en) * 2021-11-09 2023-04-28 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 Low-frequency oscillator unit, multi-frequency band array antenna and adjusting method thereof

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