CN112310644A - Array antenna, base station system and antenna performance adjusting method - Google Patents
Array antenna, base station system and antenna performance adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112310644A CN112310644A CN202011051420.4A CN202011051420A CN112310644A CN 112310644 A CN112310644 A CN 112310644A CN 202011051420 A CN202011051420 A CN 202011051420A CN 112310644 A CN112310644 A CN 112310644A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and discloses an array antenna, a base station system and an antenna performance adjusting method. According to the array antenna, the base station system and the antenna performance adjusting method, the cross fusion radiation unit can be effectively and flexibly arranged in other frequency bands, and meanwhile, coupling between the frequency bands is reduced. In the fusion antenna, the fusion radiation unit adopts a cross structure, so that the mutual coupling among different frequencies can be reduced, and the physical length of the radiation unit can be reduced by adding a loading structure at the tail end of the radiation arm, so that the size of the radiation unit is reduced, and the mutual coupling influence is reduced; and aiming at a plurality of positions in the fusion antenna, the matching characteristic of the radiation unit can be improved by adding the oscillator arm tail end loading structure, and the radiation characteristic of the radiation unit in the environment is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an array antenna, a base station system and an antenna performance adjusting method.
Background
With the deep development of 4G and the coming of the 5G era, the number of systems operated by operators is increasing, the shortage of sky resources becomes a prominent problem, the occupied volume of the sky needs to be reduced, and the important direction for reducing the volume of the sky is the miniaturization of antennas. Conventional multiple frequency nested or side-by-side arrangements are limited in size and difficult to implement.
At present, a fusion scheme adopting specific structural oscillators is a key choice. However, in the fusion scheme, matching characteristics of different oscillators at different positions are different, so that it is difficult to simultaneously satisfy a plurality of positions, which causes a deterioration in standing-wave ratio and a reduction in radiation characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an array antenna, a base station system and an antenna performance adjusting method, which are used for solving or partially solving the problems that in the existing antenna fusion scheme, different oscillators are different in corresponding matching characteristics at different positions, so that the situation that multiple positions are met at the same time is difficult to realize, the standing-wave ratio is deteriorated, and the radiation characteristic is reduced.
The embodiment of the invention provides an array antenna which comprises a fusion radiation unit, wherein a radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is of a cross structure, and at least one end part of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is connected with a loading structure.
On the basis of the scheme, the loading structure comprises a loading column, and the loading column is arranged below and/or above the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit.
On the basis of the scheme, the loading structure is electrically connected with the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit.
On the basis of the scheme, the fusion radiation unit is of a die-casting structure; the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit and the loading structure are integrally formed.
On the basis of the scheme, the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is of a printed circuit structure; and the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is connected with the loading structure through a metalized through hole.
On the basis of the scheme, the width of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is of a gradual change structure.
On the basis of the scheme, the integrated radiation unit further comprises a high-frequency radiation unit, and the integrated radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units.
On the basis of the scheme, the high-frequency radiation unit further comprises a low-frequency cross radiation unit, the low-frequency cross radiation unit is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units, and the fusion radiation unit is arranged on the side edge of the low-frequency cross radiation unit.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a base station system which comprises the array antenna, a reflecting bottom plate and an antenna housing, wherein the array antenna is arranged in a space formed by the reflecting bottom plate and the antenna housing.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an antenna performance adjusting method based on the array antenna, which comprises the following steps: setting a fusion radiation unit according to the antenna spatial layout and the performance index; the matching characteristics of the fusion radiation unit are adjusted by adjusting the number, position and size of the loading structures at the tail end of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit.
According to the array antenna, the base station system and the antenna performance adjusting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fusion scheme for setting the cross fusion radiation unit can be effectively and flexibly set in other frequency bands, and meanwhile, the coupling between the frequency bands is reduced. In the fusion antenna, the fusion radiation unit adopts a cross structure, so that the mutual coupling among different frequencies can be reduced, and the physical length of the radiation unit can be reduced by adding a loading structure at the tail end of the radiation arm, so that the size of the radiation unit is reduced, and the mutual coupling influence is reduced; and aiming at a plurality of positions in the fusion antenna, the matching characteristic of the radiation unit can be improved by adding the oscillator arm tail end loading structure, and the radiation characteristic of the radiation unit in the environment is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific application of a fusion radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first configuration of a die cast radiating element provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a die cast radiant unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a PCB radiating element provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a PCB radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first simulation result of a PCB radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a second simulation result of a PCB radiating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third simulation result of the PCB radiating element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a fusion radiation unit; 101. die casting the radiating element; 1011. die casting a radiating element radiating arm; 1012. die casting a radiant unit support; 1013. die casting a feed sheet of the radiating element; 1014a, 1014b, die cast radiant unit drop post; 102. a PCB radiating element; 1021. a PCB radiating element radiating arm; 1022a and 1022b, PCB radiating element support; 1023a and 1023b, PCB radiating element feed; 1024. a PCB radiating element loading column; 2. a low frequency bowl-shaped radiating element; 3. an intermediate frequency radiation unit; 4. a high-frequency radiation unit; 5. and the low-frequency cross radiation unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an array antenna which comprises a fusion radiation unit, wherein a radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is of a cross structure, and at least one end part of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is connected with a loading structure.
Referring to fig. 1, the fusion radiating element 1 is disposed in an antenna array, and is disposed on the same radiating plane together with other radiating elements of different frequency bands to form a multi-frequency antenna array. Specifically, the specifically set working frequency band of the fusion radiating unit 1 may be set to any frequency band of a high frequency, an intermediate frequency, or a low frequency according to actual needs, so as to be used for fusion with the radiating units of other frequency bands, which is not limited specifically.
According to the array antenna provided by the embodiment, the fusion scheme with the cross fusion radiation unit can be effectively and flexibly arranged in other frequency bands, and meanwhile, the coupling between the frequency bands is reduced. In the fusion antenna, the fusion radiation unit adopts a cross structure, so that the mutual coupling among different frequencies can be reduced, and the physical length of the radiation unit can be reduced by adding a loading structure at the tail end of the radiation arm, so that the size of the radiation unit is reduced, and the mutual coupling influence is reduced; and aiming at a plurality of positions in the fusion antenna, the matching characteristic of the radiation unit can be improved by adding the oscillator arm tail end loading structure, and the radiation characteristic of the radiation unit in the environment is improved. The integrated radiation unit has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, light weight, flexible design, clear array layout and good circuit matching characteristic.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the loading structure includes a loading column disposed below and/or above the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit 1. The loading column can be flexibly arranged below, above or above and below the radiation arm according to actual conditions so as to reduce the influence on the performance of the different-frequency radiation unit as much as possible and reduce the mutual coupling influence.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, further, the loading structure is electrically connected to the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit 1.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the fused radiation unit 1 is a die-cast structure; the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit 1 is integrally formed with the loading structure. The loading structure can also be connected with the radiation arm in a welding mode, and the specific connection mode is not limited.
On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments, further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the radiation arm of the fused radiation unit 1 is a printed circuit structure; the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit 1 is connected with the loading structure through a metalized via hole.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, further, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the width of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit 1 is in a gradual structure.
The integrated radiation unit in the embodiment specifically comprises a radiation arm, a substrate, a support, a feeder line and a loading column; the substrate is used for supporting the radiation arm. The fusion radiation unit is of a half-wave oscillator structure; inter-band coupling may be reduced in a multi-frequency fused array. The tail end of the vibrator arm can realize matching under different environments through selective loading of branches or physical extension; the oscillator arm adopts a gradual change structure to realize bandwidth expansion. As shown in fig. 4, the width of the radiating arm, i.e., the oscillator arm, gradually decreases toward the distal end in this embodiment.
The tail end of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit can be provided with a vertically downward drooping column, and the drooping column can also be divided into two parts which are respectively arranged on the upper edge of the horizontal direction of the radiation arm and the lower edge of the horizontal direction of the radiation arm.
The radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit can be of a printed circuit structure, a weldable metal piece in any shape can be selectively loaded at the tail end of the radiation arm, and the radiation arm is arranged at the tail end of the oscillator arm to realize the optimal matching characteristic of different positions of the array.
Wherein, the radiation arm and the substrate are in a cross shape and are respectively placed along an angle of +45 degrees and an angle of-45 degrees; the radiation arms are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate and are respectively provided with a gradient structure printed circuit. And the tail end of the radiation arm is provided with a metalized through hole, branches are loaded at the tail end of the radiation arm according to the array environment, and the electrical connection is realized. When the loading branch is arranged at the tail end of the radiation arm in the horizontal direction of the radiation unit, the cross polarization ratio can be improved.
Wherein, the support can also be a printed circuit structure and is vertically arranged by adopting a cross structure; the feeder line and the radiation arm adopt a non-connected coupling feed form; the support is electrically connected with the radiating arm.
The loading column can be round, square and the like, and is electrically connected with the tail end of the radiation arm.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a specific application of the fused radiating element 1 in an antenna array. The array antenna provided by the embodiment further comprises a high-frequency radiation unit, and the fusion radiation unit 1 is arranged between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units. A plurality of high-frequency radiating elements form a high-frequency array. The fusion radiation unit 1 is fused in the high-frequency array, and realizes another working frequency band in the same radiation plane.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the array antenna further includes a low-frequency cross radiating unit, the low-frequency cross radiating unit is disposed between two adjacent high-frequency radiating units, and the fusion radiating unit 1 is disposed on a side of the low-frequency cross radiating unit. The low-frequency cross radiation unit and the fusion radiation unit are fused in the high-frequency array, so that three different working frequency bands can be realized.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, this embodiment provides a base station system, where the base station system includes the array antenna described in any of the foregoing embodiments, and further includes a reflection base plate and an antenna cover, where the array antenna is disposed in a space formed by the reflection base plate and the antenna cover.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, further, this embodiment provides an antenna performance adjusting method based on the array antenna described in any of the foregoing embodiments, where the method includes: setting a fusion radiation unit according to the antenna spatial layout and the performance index; the matching characteristics of the fusion radiation unit are adjusted by adjusting the number, position and size of the loading structures at the tail end of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit.
The integration of different frequency band antennas can be realized by arranging the integration radiation unit under the condition of smaller installation space so as to replace the existing scheme of multi-frequency nesting or parallel arrangement, and the requirement of antenna miniaturization is met. When the fusion radiation unit is arranged, the spatial distribution of the antenna is specifically considered, and the fusion radiation unit is arranged at a position meeting the space requirement; meanwhile, the influence of the fusion radiation unit on other frequency band arrays is also considered, and the fusion radiation unit is set on the premise of meeting the performance indexes of other frequency band arrays.
After the setting position of the fusion radiation unit is determined, the loading structure is selectively set according to different positions set by the fusion radiation unit, and the specific setting number, setting position and specific size of the loading structure on one fusion radiation unit are adjusted, so that the matching characteristic of the fusion radiation unit at the position is optimal. Thereby improving the radiation characteristic of the fusion radiation unit.
On the basis of the above embodiments, further, in view of the defects and application requirements of the existing fusion antenna scheme, the present embodiment provides a debuggable radiation unit and an antenna array, which aim to solve the problem of different position matching in the fusion scheme, and fundamentally improve the antenna characteristics. The application of the fusion radiation unit solves the problem of impedance mismatching of the radiation unit at different positions in the fusion array in the prior art, and has the advantages of simple structure and easy realization.
Referring to fig. 1, the array in this embodiment is composed of a fusion radiation unit 1, a low-frequency bowl-shaped radiation unit 2, a medium-frequency radiation unit 3, a high-frequency radiation unit 4, and a low-frequency cross radiation unit 5. The fusion radiation unit 1 and the intermediate frequency radiation unit 3 are radiation units with the same working frequency band and different forms; the low-frequency bowl-shaped radiating unit 2 and the low-frequency cross radiating unit 5 are radiating units with the same working frequency band and different forms; in the high-frequency array, the fused radiation unit 1 and the low-frequency cross radiation unit 5 are added to realize the maximization of the gains of the low-frequency band and the middle-frequency band of the antenna by inserting the fused radiation unit 1 and the low-frequency cross radiation unit 5 into the compact high-frequency radiation unit array, and simultaneously, the performance index of the high-frequency band of the antenna is not influenced. The arrangement of the fusion radiation unit 1 and the low-frequency cross radiation unit 5 replaces the original low-frequency bowl-shaped radiation unit 2 and the original medium-frequency radiation unit 3, reduces the space required by installation, and can be fused in a high-frequency array.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a die-cast radiating element 101 as a fused radiating element. The die-casting radiating unit 101 is composed of a die-casting radiating unit radiating arm 1011, a die-casting radiating unit support 1012, a die-casting radiating unit feed plate 1013, and a die-casting radiating unit drop column 1014a or 1014b, in this embodiment, two die-casting radiating units 101 are respectively disposed between the high-frequency radiating units 4 and at the side of the low-frequency cross radiating unit 5, and the positions are determined by the layout and performance index optimization.
Preferably, the die-cast radiation unit drop column 1014a or the die-cast radiation unit drop column 1014b is added at the tail end of the die-cast radiation unit radiation arm 1011, which not only equivalently increases the electrical length of the intermediate frequency, reduces the dimension of the intermediate frequency in the plane direction, but also reduces the influence of the overlap of the intermediate frequency and the high-frequency projection direction.
Preferably, the die cast radiating element depending post 1014b divides the same size depending post into upper and lower portions as the die cast radiating element depending post 1014a, thereby reducing the cross coupling effect between the mid and high frequencies.
In the array, the die-cast radiating element 101 is affected by the high-frequency radiating element 4 and the low-frequency cross radiating element 5 at different positions to show different matching characteristics, and since the die-cast radiating element 101 generally integrally forms a loading column, it is not convenient to flexibly adjust the specific setting of the loading column, and it is difficult for the same die-cast radiating element 101 to be compatible with different positions to optimize the matching characteristics, the present embodiment provides a PCB radiating element 102 to solve the problem.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, PCB radiating element 102 is comprised of PCB radiating element radiating arm 1021, PCB radiating element support 1022a or 1022b, PCB radiating element feed 1023a or 1023b, and PCB radiating element loading stud 1024. In different position layouts of the array, the radiation element matching optimization is realized by selectively loading the PCB radiation element loading columns 1024. In fig. 4, the PCB radiating element support 1022a is a conventional die-cast metal piece, and the PCB radiating element feeder 1023a is a conventional 35-100 Ω rf cable; in fig. 5, PCB radiating element support 1022b is a printed circuit PCB and PCB radiating element feed 1023b is a printed circuit PCB.
Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, when the PCB radiating element loading column 1024 is not loaded, the matching characteristics of the PCB radiating element 102 respectively set in the boundaries of the high frequency radiating element 4 and the low frequency cross radiating element 5 are as shown in fig. 6 and 7, and compared with fig. 6 and 7, the matching characteristics are obviously better in the boundary of the high frequency radiating element 4 than in the boundary of the low frequency cross radiating element 5, and for this problem, the PCB radiating element loading column 1024 is selectively added to the end of the PCB radiating element radiating arm 1021 to change the matching characteristics, as shown in fig. 8.
Preferably, the PCB radiating element loading column 1024 is selectively loaded at two positions of the PCB radiating element 102 in the horizontal direction; that is, preferably, the loading structures are provided at both ends of the fused radiation unit in the horizontal direction, so that the cross polarization ratio of the radiation pattern can be optimized.
The embodiment provides a debuggable radiation unit, aiming at different application environments, matching can be realized by selectively loading branches, the structure is simple, and the effect is obvious. The radiating element that this embodiment provided, to a plurality of positions in the fusion scheme, through increasing the terminal minor matters of oscillator arm, improved radiating element's matching characteristic, promoted radiating element's radiation characteristic in the environment, in addition, preferred PCB printed circuit structure has reduced die sinking cycle and cost, and the design is nimble.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The array antenna is characterized by comprising a fused radiation unit, wherein a radiation arm of the fused radiation unit is of a cross structure, and at least one end part of the radiation arm of the fused radiation unit is connected with a loading structure.
2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the loading structure comprises a loading column disposed below and/or above the radiating arm of the merged radiating element.
3. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the loading structure is electrically connected to the radiating arm of the merged radiating element.
4. The array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the merged radiation unit is a die-cast structure; the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit and the loading structure are integrally formed.
5. The array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the radiating arms of the merged radiating element are of a printed circuit structure; and the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit is connected with the loading structure through a metalized through hole.
6. The array antenna of claim 5, wherein the width of the radiating arm of the merged radiating element is a gradual structure.
7. The array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a high-frequency radiation unit, wherein the merged radiation unit is disposed between two adjacent high-frequency radiation units.
8. The array antenna of claim 7, further comprising a low-frequency cross radiating element, wherein the low-frequency cross radiating element is disposed between two adjacent high-frequency radiating elements, and the blending radiating element is disposed at a side of the low-frequency cross radiating element.
9. A base station system, comprising the array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and further comprising a reflection substrate and a radome, wherein the array antenna is disposed in a space formed by the reflection substrate and the radome.
10. An antenna performance adjusting method based on the array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
setting a fusion radiation unit according to the antenna spatial layout and the performance index;
the matching characteristics of the fusion radiation unit are adjusted by adjusting the number, position and size of the loading structures at the tail end of the radiation arm of the fusion radiation unit.
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| CN112310644B (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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