CN112309597A - System and method for starting and stopping nuclear power unit with multi-module reactor direct-current evaporator - Google Patents
System and method for starting and stopping nuclear power unit with multi-module reactor direct-current evaporator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112309597A CN112309597A CN202011315130.6A CN202011315130A CN112309597A CN 112309597 A CN112309597 A CN 112309597A CN 202011315130 A CN202011315130 A CN 202011315130A CN 112309597 A CN112309597 A CN 112309597A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
- G21D1/02—Arrangements of auxiliary equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D3/00—Control of nuclear power plant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit by a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor, wherein the system comprises the multi-module reactor, a first steam-water separator, a second steam-water separator, a deaerator, a high-pressure heater, a unit drainage tank, a steam turbine and a condenser; the method comprises a unit starting process and a unit stopping process. The multi-module reactor nuclear power generating unit provided by the invention is also used for starting and stopping one reactor and one reactor in the starting and stopping processes, the multiple reactors share two reactor starting and stopping systems, and in the starting and stopping processes of the first reactor, the second reactor starting and stopping system can adjust the parameters of the second reactor starting and stopping system to adapt to the parameters of the next reactor to be started and stopped, so that the two reactor starting and stopping systems meet the starting and stopping requirements of the multiple reactors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and particularly relates to a system and a method for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit of a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor.
Background
At present, a 200MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project adopting a modular design is adopted, each module comprises a reactor and a set of reactor starting and stopping systems, according to the current design, if a 600MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power station is to be built, 6 reactors and 6 sets of reactor starting and stopping systems are needed, and the design system is complex, difficult to arrange, complex to control, high in manufacturing cost, poor in operation safety, poor in operation stability and poor in operation economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit of a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor aiming at the design of a starting and stopping system of the multi-module nuclear power unit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a system for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit by a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor comprises the multi-module reactor, a first steam-water separator, a second steam-water separator, a deaerator, a high-pressure heater, a unit drainage tank, a steam turbine and a condenser; the multi-module reactor consists of at least 2 reactors, the first reactor and the second reactor are represented by two of the multi-module reactors, and other reactors in the multi-module reactor are completely the same as the first reactor and the second reactor; the steam pipeline at the outlet of the first reactor and the steam pipeline at the outlet of the second reactor are divided into two parts, the first pipeline of the first reactor is respectively connected with the first inlet of the first steam-water separator and the second inlet of the second steam-water separator, and the first pipeline of the second reactor is respectively connected with the first inlet of the second steam-water separator and the second inlet of the first steam-water separator; other reactor outlet pipelines of the multi-module reactor are divided into two pipelines, wherein the first pipeline is respectively connected with other inlets of the first steam-water separator and the second steam-water separator; the second pipelines at the outlets of the first reactor, the second reactor and other reactors are converged and then divided into three parts, the first part is connected with the inlet of the steam turbine, the second part is connected with the second inlet of the condenser, the third part is divided into two parts, the first part is connected with the fifth inlet of the deaerator, and the second part is connected with the first inlet of the high-pressure heater; the outlet of the steam turbine is connected with the first inlet of the condenser.
The invention has the further improvement that the first outlets of the first steam-water separator and the second steam-water separator are the drainage outlets, the outlets are divided into three parts, the first part is respectively connected with the first inlet and the second inlet of the deaerator, the second part is respectively connected with the first inlet and the second inlet of the drainage tank of the unit, and the third part is respectively connected with the third inlet and the fifth inlet of the condenser.
The invention is further improved in that the second outlets of the first steam-water separator and the second steam-water separator are steam discharge outlets, the outlets are divided into three parts, the first part is respectively connected with the third inlet and the fourth inlet of the deaerator, the second part is connected with the second inlet and the third inlet of the high-pressure heater, and the third part is connected with the fourth inlet and the sixth inlet of the condenser.
A further improvement of the invention is that the first reactor is capable of producing a mixture of water and vapor at a temperature of 30 to 120 ℃ and a pressure of 5 to 15 MPa.
The invention is further improved in that the first steam-water separator can generate saturated steam and saturated water with the pressure of 0.1MPa to 5 MPa.
The invention is further improved in that the system is suitable for a high-temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power station of 600 MW.
A method for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit of a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor is based on the system for starting and stopping the nuclear power unit of the direct-current evaporator of the multi-module reactor, and the starting process of the unit comprises the following steps:
in the initial stage of establishing a two-loop water circulation of the first reactor, the outlet of the first reactor is a water-vapor mixture with the temperature of 30-120 ℃ and the pressure of 5-15 MPa, and the high-temperature and high-pressure water-vapor mixture enters the first steam-water separator to expand and reduce the pressure and generate saturated steam and saturated water with the pressure of 0.1-5 MPa;
a part of saturated steam generated by the first steam-water separator enters the deaerator to heat water in the deaerator, a part of saturated steam enters the steam side of the high-pressure heater to heat water at the water side of the high-pressure heater, and the rest of saturated steam enters the condenser;
testing water produced by the first steam-water separator, if the water quality is unqualified, discharging the water to a unit water discharge tank, if the water quality is qualified, discharging the water to a deaerator, and when the deaerator cannot accept the qualified water produced by the first steam-water separator, discharging the water to a condenser;
with the increase of the power of the first reactor, the water at the outlet of the first reactor is reduced and the steam is increased, and finally the water is completely changed into superheated steam, the first steam-water separator is cut off, the superheated steam is discharged to a condenser when the superheated steam does not have the condition of entering a steam turbine, the superheated steam enters the steam turbine when the superheated steam has the condition of entering the steam turbine, and partial steam enters a high-pressure heater to heat feed water according to the requirement;
the starting process of other reactors of the multi-module reactor is the same as that of the first reactor; the steam-water mixture of a certain reactor at the initial starting stage is discharged to a steam-water separator with the temperature close to that of the reactor;
during the operation of the unit, one steam-water separator is kept at a higher working condition for standby, and the other steam-water separator is kept at a lower working condition for standby.
A method for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit of a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor is based on the system for starting and stopping the nuclear power unit of the direct-current evaporator of the multi-module reactor, and the unit stopping process comprises the following steps:
the flow and the temperature of the steam at the outlet of the first reactor are reduced along with the reduction of the nuclear power of the first reactor, when the steam at the outlet of the first reactor cannot enter a steam turbine, the steam enters a condenser, and part of the steam enters a high-pressure heater according to the requirement;
with the further reduction of the nuclear power of the first reactor, the superheated steam at the outlet of the first reactor is gradually converted into a steam-water mixture, at the moment, the steam-water mixture at the outlet of the first reactor enters a first steam-water separator, and the steam in the first steam-water separator enters a deaerator, a high-pressure heater or a condenser as required; water in the first steam-water separator enters a deaerator or a condenser as required, and enters a unit drainage tank if the water quality is unqualified;
the stopping process of other reactors of the multi-module reactor is the same as that of the first reactor; the steam-water mixture of a certain reactor in the stopping process is discharged to a steam-water separator with the temperature close to that of the reactor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the system commonly used at present, the system has the following obvious advantages:
(1) meet the requirements of functions
The multi-module reactor nuclear power generating unit is started and stopped by one reactor in the starting and stopping process, the multiple reactors share two reactor starting and stopping systems, and in the starting and stopping process of the first reactor, the second reactor starting and stopping system can adjust the parameters of the second reactor starting and stopping system to adapt to the parameters of the next reactor to be started and stopped, so that the two reactor starting and stopping systems meet the starting and stopping requirements of the multiple reactors and are suitable for a 600MW high-temperature gas cooled reactor nuclear power station.
(2) Simple system, convenient arrangement and low cost
Aiming at a plurality of reactors, 2 reactor starting and stopping loops are configured, and compared with 1 reactor starting and stopping loop configured for each reactor, the system is simplified greatly, so that the arrangement is convenient and the cost is low.
(3) Good operation economy, stability and safety
In the process of starting and stopping the reactor, part of the hydrophobic water and steam of the separator can be recycled, so that the economy is good. Meanwhile, as the auxiliary steam of the machine is used, the self-sufficiency of the auxiliary steam can be realized, and the machine does not depend on an external system, so that the running stability and safety are better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit of a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the reactor comprises a first reactor, a second reactor, a first steam-water separator, a second steam-water separator, a deaerator, a high-pressure heater, a unit drainage tank, a steam turbine, a steam condenser and a multi-module reactor, wherein the first reactor is 2, the second reactor is 3, the first steam-water separator is 4, the second steam-water separator is 5, the deaerator is 6, the high-pressure heater is 7, the unit drainage tank is 8, the steam turbine is 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit with a multi-module reactor direct-current evaporator provided by the invention comprises a multi-module reactor 10, a first steam-water separator 3, a second steam-water separator 4, a deaerator 5, a high-pressure heater 6, a unit drainage tank 7, a steam turbine 8 and a condenser 9; the multi-module reactor 10 is composed of at least 2 reactors, the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 are two representatives of the multi-module reactor 10, and other reactors in the multi-module reactor 10 are completely the same as the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2;
the steam pipelines at the outlets of the first reactor 1 and the second reactor 2 are divided into two parts, the first pipeline of the first reactor 1 is respectively connected with the first inlet of the first steam-water separator 3 and the second inlet of the second steam-water separator 4, and the first pipeline of the second reactor 2 is respectively connected with the first inlet of the second steam-water separator 4 and the second inlet of the first steam-water separator 3; other reactor outlet pipelines of the multi-module reactor 10 are also divided into two pipelines, wherein the first pipeline is respectively connected with other inlets of the first steam-water separator 3 and the second steam-water separator 4; the second pipelines at the outlets of the first reactor 1, the second reactor 2 and other reactors are converged and then divided into three parts, the first part is connected with the inlet of a steam turbine 8, the second part is connected with the second inlet of a condenser 9, the third part is divided into two parts, the first part is connected with the fifth inlet of a deaerator 5, and the second part is connected with the first inlet of a high-pressure heater 6; the outlet of the turbine 8 is connected to the first inlet of the condenser 9.
The first outlets of the first steam-water separator 3 and the second steam-water separator 4 are drainage outlets, the outlets are divided into three parts, the first part is respectively connected with the first inlet and the second inlet of the deaerator 5, the second part is respectively connected with the first inlet and the second inlet of the unit drainage tank 7, and the third part is respectively connected with the third inlet and the fifth inlet of the condenser; the second outlets of the first steam-water separator 3 and the second steam-water separator 4 are steam outlets, the outlets of the first steam-water separator and the second steam-water separator are divided into three streams, the first stream is respectively connected to the third inlet and the fourth inlet of the deaerator 5, the second stream is connected to the second inlet and the third inlet of the high-pressure heater 6, and the third stream is connected to the fourth inlet and the sixth inlet of the condenser 9.
The invention provides a method for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit of a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor, which comprises the following steps:
in the initial stage of establishing the two-loop water circulation, the outlet of the first reactor 1 is a high-temperature and high-pressure water-vapor mixture, and the high-temperature and high-pressure water-vapor mixture enters the first steam-water separator 3 and then expands the volume and reduces the pressure to generate certain low-pressure saturated steam and saturated water;
a part of saturated steam generated by the first steam-water separator 3 enters the deaerator 5 to heat water in the deaerator, a part of saturated steam enters the steam side of the high-pressure heater 6 to heat water at the water side of the high-pressure heater, and steam which cannot be accommodated by the high-pressure heater 6 enters the condenser 9;
testing the water produced by the first steam-water separator 3, if the water quality is unqualified, discharging the water to a unit water discharge tank 7, if the water quality is qualified, discharging the water to a deaerator 5, and when the deaerator 5 cannot accept the qualified water produced by the first steam-water separator 3, discharging the water to a condenser 9;
with the increase of the power of the first reactor 1, the water at the outlet of the first reactor is reduced, the steam is increased, and finally the water is completely changed into superheated steam, the first steam-water separator 3 is cut off, the superheated steam is discharged to the condenser 9 when the superheated steam does not have the condition of entering the steam turbine 8, the superheated steam enters the steam turbine 8 when the superheated steam has the condition of entering the steam turbine 8, and part of the steam can also enter the high-pressure heater 6 to heat feed water as required;
the other reactor start-up process of the multi-module reactor 10 is the same as the start-up process of the first reactor 1; the steam-water mixture of a certain reactor at the initial starting stage is discharged to a steam-water separator with the temperature close to that of the reactor;
during the operation of the unit, one steam-water separator is kept at a higher working condition for standby, and the other steam-water separator is kept at a lower working condition for standby.
In addition, the unit stopping process comprises the following steps:
along with the reduction of the nuclear power of the first reactor 1, the flow and the temperature of the steam at the outlet of the first reactor are reduced, when the steam at the outlet of the first reactor 1 cannot enter the steam turbine 8, the steam enters the condenser 9, and part of the steam can enter the high-pressure heater 6 according to the requirement;
along with the further reduction of the nuclear power of the first reactor 1, the superheated steam at the outlet of the first reactor is gradually converted into a steam-water mixture, at the moment, the steam-water mixture at the outlet of the first reactor enters the first steam-water separator 3, and the steam in the first steam-water separator 3 enters the deaerator 5, the high-pressure heater 6 or the condenser 9 according to the requirements; water in the first steam-water separator 3 enters the deaerator 5 or the condenser 9 as required, and enters the unit drainage tank 7 if the water quality is unqualified;
the other reactor shutdown processes of the multi-module reactor 10 are the same as the shutdown process of the first reactor 1; the steam-water mixture of a certain reactor in the stopping process is discharged to a steam-water separator with the temperature close to that of the reactor.
Claims (8)
1. A system for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit by a direct-current evaporator of a multi-module reactor is characterized by comprising the multi-module reactor (10), a first steam-water separator (3), a second steam-water separator (4), a deaerator (5), a high-pressure heater (6), a unit drainage tank (7), a steam turbine (8) and a condenser (9); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the multi-module reactor (10) consists of at least 2 reactors, the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) are two representatives of the multi-module reactor (10), and other reactors in the multi-module reactor (10) are completely the same as the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2); the outlet steam pipelines of the first reactor (1) and the second reactor (2) are divided into two parts, the first part of the pipeline of the first reactor (1) is respectively connected with the first inlet of the first steam-water separator (3) and the second inlet of the second steam-water separator (4), and the first part of the pipeline of the second reactor (2) is respectively connected with the first inlet of the second steam-water separator (4) and the second inlet of the first steam-water separator (3); other reactor outlet pipelines of the multi-module reactor (10) are also divided into two pipelines, wherein the first pipeline is respectively connected with other inlets of the first steam-water separator (3) and the second steam-water separator (4); second pipelines at the outlets of the first reactor (1), the second reactor (2) and other reactors are converged and then divided into three pipelines, wherein the first pipeline is connected to the inlet of a steam turbine (8), the second pipeline is connected to the second inlet of a condenser (9), the third pipeline is divided into two pipelines, the first pipeline is connected to the fifth inlet of a deaerator (5), and the second pipeline is connected to the first inlet of a high-pressure heater (6); the outlet of the steam turbine (8) is connected with the first inlet of the condenser (9).
2. The system for starting and stopping the nuclear power unit with the direct-current evaporator of the multi-module reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first outlets of the first steam-water separator (3) and the second steam-water separator (4) are drainage outlets, the outlets are divided into three streams, the first stream is respectively connected with the first inlet and the second inlet of the deaerator (5), the second stream is respectively connected with the first inlet and the second inlet of the unit drainage tank (7), and the third stream is respectively connected with the third inlet and the fifth inlet of the condenser.
3. The system for starting and stopping the nuclear power unit with the direct-current evaporator of the multi-module reactor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second outlets of the first steam-water separator (3) and the second steam-water separator (4) are steam outlets, the outlets are divided into three streams, the first stream is respectively connected to the third inlet and the fourth inlet of the deaerator (5), the second stream is connected to the second inlet and the third inlet of the high-pressure heater (6), and the third stream is connected to the fourth inlet and the sixth inlet of the condenser (9).
4. The system for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit with a multi-module reactor dc evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first reactor (1) is capable of generating a mixture of water and vapor at a temperature of 30 to 120 ℃ and a pressure of 5 to 15 MPa.
5. The system for starting and stopping a nuclear power unit with a multi-module reactor direct-current evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the first steam-water separator (3) can generate saturated steam and saturated water with the pressure of 0.1MPa to 5 MPa.
6. The system for starting and stopping the nuclear power unit with the direct-current evaporator of the multi-module reactor as claimed in claim 1, is suitable for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power station with 600 MW.
7. A method for starting and stopping a multi-module reactor direct current evaporator nuclear power generating unit, which is characterized in that the method is based on the system for starting and stopping the multi-module reactor direct current evaporator nuclear power generating unit of any one of claims 1 to 6, and the unit starting process comprises the following steps:
in the initial stage of establishing the two-loop water circulation of the first reactor (1), the outlet of the first reactor is a water-vapor mixture with the temperature of 30-120 ℃ and the pressure of 5-15 MPa, and the high-temperature and high-pressure water-vapor mixture enters the first steam-water separator (3) and then expands the capacity and reduces the pressure to generate saturated steam and saturated water with the pressure of 0.1-5 MPa;
a part of saturated steam generated by the first steam-water separator (3) enters a deaerator (5) to heat water in the deaerator, a part of saturated steam enters a steam side of a high-pressure heater (6) to heat water at a water side of the high-pressure heater, and the rest of saturated steam enters a condenser (9);
testing the water produced by the first steam-water separator (3), if the water quality is unqualified, discharging the water to a unit water discharge tank (7), if the water quality is qualified, discharging the water to a deaerator (5), and when the deaerator (5) cannot accommodate the qualified water produced by the first steam-water separator (3), discharging the water to a condenser (9);
with the increase of the power of the first reactor (1), the water at the outlet is reduced, the steam is increased, and finally the water is completely changed into superheated steam, the first steam-water separator (3) is cut off, the superheated steam is discharged to the condenser (9) when the superheated steam does not have the condition of entering the steam turbine (8), the superheated steam enters the steam turbine (8) when the superheated steam has the condition of entering the steam turbine (8), and partial steam enters the high-pressure heater (6) to heat feed water according to the requirement;
the starting process of other reactors of the multi-module reactor (10) is the same as the starting process of the first reactor (1); the steam-water mixture of a certain reactor at the initial starting stage is discharged to a steam-water separator with the temperature close to that of the reactor;
during the operation of the unit, one steam-water separator is kept at a higher working condition for standby, and the other steam-water separator is kept at a lower working condition for standby.
8. A method for starting and stopping a multi-module reactor direct current evaporator nuclear power generating unit, which is characterized in that the method is based on the system for starting and stopping the multi-module reactor direct current evaporator nuclear power generating unit of any one of claims 1 to 6, and the unit stopping process comprises the following steps:
with the reduction of the nuclear power of the first reactor (1), the flow and the temperature of the steam at the outlet of the first reactor are reduced, when the steam at the outlet of the first reactor (1) cannot enter a steam turbine (8), the steam enters a condenser (9), and part of the steam enters a high-pressure heater (6) according to the requirement;
with the further reduction of the nuclear power of the first reactor (1), the superheated steam at the outlet of the first reactor is gradually converted into a steam-water mixture, at the moment, the steam-water mixture at the outlet of the first reactor enters the first steam-water separator (3), and the steam in the first steam-water separator (3) enters a deaerator (5), a high-pressure heater (6) or a condenser (9) as required; water in the first steam-water separator (3) enters a deaerator (5) or a condenser (9) as required, and enters a unit drainage tank (7) if the water quality is unqualified;
the other reactor stopping process of the multi-module reactor (10) is the same as the stopping process of the first reactor (1); the steam-water mixture of a certain reactor in the stopping process is discharged to a steam-water separator with the temperature close to that of the reactor.
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| CN114034032A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司 | Heat recovery system and method for high-temperature gas cooled reactor in low-load operation stage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114034032A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司 | Heat recovery system and method for high-temperature gas cooled reactor in low-load operation stage |
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