CN112307574A - Method for quantifying stress concentration area of pressure-bearing pipe fitting - Google Patents
Method for quantifying stress concentration area of pressure-bearing pipe fitting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quantifying a stress concentration area of a pressure-bearing pipe fitting, which is used for overcoming the defect that the stress concentration of the pressure-bearing pipe fitting is analyzed by using a result obtained by finite element calculation. The invention converts the stress result of finite element calculation into a three-dimensional image form by means of corresponding image software. The stress concentration characteristic region of the pipe fitting is extracted by using an image processing method, and the method is more visual and concrete compared with visual stress analysis; and the characteristic region with concentrated stress is quantified by a mathematical method, and the position, the size and the stress value distribution information of the characteristic region with concentrated stress are accurately obtained. By extracting and quantifying the stress characteristic region, the condition of the stress concentration characteristic region can be accurately analyzed: the location, size and stress value distribution of the stress concentration region. The method provides guidance and reference for the detection range and the service life evaluation of the pressure-bearing pipe fitting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material stress analysis, and particularly relates to a method for quantifying a stress concentration area of a pressure-bearing pipe fitting.
Background
In the related research of the stress distribution of the material, the analysis of the range size (volume), area, depth and shape of the stress concentration region in the material part and the size distribution of the stress have important reference values. The size and stress distribution of the stress concentration zones in the structural member directly affect the safety performance of the pipe member. For example, when a conventional tee is subjected to internal pressure, the locations of stress concentration in the pipe are typically the shoulder and abdomen locations of the tee. In order to more accurately evaluate the defect life of the pipeline, the size, the position and the stress value distribution of the stress concentration areas at the shoulder and the abdomen need to be analyzed.
At present, researchers generally perform stress analysis on the pipeline by means of finite element simulation software, and stress concentration areas of the pipeline obtained through finite element calculation are generally dangerous sources of pipeline failure. Therefore, in the process of metal supervision, the detection position of the pipe fitting in a specific range is not specified for detection, so that the existing occurrence of multi-detection and missing detection is caused, the detection efficiency is greatly reduced, and hidden danger is brought to the safe burying of the pipe fitting; when a defect is found in a stress concentration area of a pipe, the pipe generally needs to be replaced according to the existing pipe defect evaluation standard. This will result in erroneous judgment during defect evaluation and a huge loss of economy.
With the development of the power industry, ultra-supercritical units are continuously put into production, the thermal power industry has higher and higher requirements on the performance of materials, higher requirements on the safety evaluation of the materials are provided, and the research work on the stress analysis of the pipeline also needs to be further developed, so that a method for quantifying the stress of a pressure-bearing pipe fitting is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a means for quantitatively analyzing a stress concentration characteristic region, namely the stress concentration position, the size and the stress value distribution of the characteristic region by utilizing the advantages of an image processing method in region segmentation and quantification. Through the quantification to stress concentration regional position, size and stress value distribution, the analysis is because of the change of external environment or pipe fitting structure arouses the stress value change: whether the stress of the pressure-bearing pipe fitting rises due to the change of the pipe fitting structure and whether the stress concentration range is further increased; the position of the stress concentration area is quantified to provide guidance for detection personnel, and a reference is provided for safety evaluation of the pipe fitting through the stress value distribution of the characteristic area.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a method for quantifying a stress concentration area of a pressure-bearing pipe fitting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculation data derivation: outputting the three-dimensional coordinates of the finite element grid element nodes and the corresponding stress values;
s2, grid cell coordinate and stress data processing: averaging the coordinates of each grid unit node, and corresponding to the stress of the grid unit;
s3, fitting stress data by nonlinear interpolation: carrying out nonlinear interpolation fitting on a matrix formed by the three-dimensional coordinates of the model and the corresponding stress values;
s4, outputting a stress slice diagram: fitting the nonlinear interpolation to obtain a three-dimensional matrix, and outputting a slice image with the total number of n stress values corresponding to the gray value of the pixel point;
s5, threshold extraction: importing the exported slice image into Avizo image three-dimensional reconstruction software, converting the stress distribution of the tee pipe fitting into a three-dimensional image form, and performing threshold extraction on a stress concentration area in the tee pipe fitting;
s6, watershed segmentation: performing watershed segmentation on the stress concentration region obtained by threshold extraction to obtain a stress concentration characteristic region to be analyzed;
s7, characteristic region data quantization: and quantifying the stress concentration characteristic region obtained by watershed segmentation by means of a mathematical means, and obtaining the volume, the surface area, the depth, the length and width dimensions and the stress value distribution of the characteristic region.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S1 is as follows: firstly, deriving stress data obtained by finite element calculation and a three-dimensional coordinate corresponding to each grid unit node.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S2 is as follows: carrying out average evaluation on the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the grid unit nodes derived from the finite element, and corresponding the three-dimensional coordinates obtained by averaging the grid unit nodes to the stress of the corresponding units to obtain a matrix M1。
Further, step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s31, importing the three-dimensional model subjected to finite element simulation into Solidworks three-dimensional drawing software, and exporting the three-dimensional model in stl file format;
s32, reading the stl file by using Avizo image processing and analyzing software, converting the surface structure of the tee pipe fitting into a three-dimensional entity image, and finally storing the three-dimensional entity image in a 3D tiff image format, wherein the image contains a pixel region value of the three-dimensional model as 1 and does not contain the pixel region value of the three-dimensional model as 0;
s33, reading the derived 3D tiff image by utilizing Matlab to obtain a three-dimensional matrix M thereof2Using the mesegrid function to generate the size and M2The same matrix, i.e., xq, yq, zq;
S34、M2in the area equal to 0 in the matrix, assigning the unit corresponding to the corresponding area of the xq, yq and zq matrix as NaN;
s35, matrix M corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinates and the stress of the finite element grid elements obtained by data processing1And carrying out nonlinear fitting on the xq, yq and zq orientation matrixes by utilizing a scatter interpolant function to obtain a three-dimensional matrix M3。
Further, the specific implementation method of step S4 is as follows: matrix M obtained by non-linear fitting with Matlab3Output ofThe stress value is obtained by finite element analysis of a model, and the stress value is the value of a pixel point in the slice image.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S5 is as follows: and (3) importing the n slice images output by the Matlab into Avizo three-dimensional reconstruction software, and extracting a high stress area of the tee pipe fitting by a threshold method.
Further, step S6 includes the following sub-steps:
s61, segmenting the high stress value area extracted through the threshold value by using a watershed segmentation method;
s62, assigning the segmented high stress value areas by adopting a twenty-six neighborhood connected segmentation algorithm, and respectively assigning the different high stress value areas as follows: 1. 2, 3 …, and the rest areas are assigned with 0; and extracts the desired stress signature region.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S7 is as follows: and quantifying the volume, the surface area, the depth and the stress distribution range of the characteristic region obtained by segmenting through mathematical means such as simulated cell convenience, curved surface fitting and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the invention converts the stress result of finite element calculation into a three-dimensional image form by means of corresponding image software. The stress concentration characteristic region of the pipe fitting is extracted by using an image processing method, and the image is more specific compared with the intuitive stress analysis; and the characteristic region with concentrated stress is quantified by a mathematical method, and the position, the size and the stress value distribution information of the characteristic region with concentrated stress are accurately obtained. By extracting and quantifying the stress characteristic region, the condition of the stress concentration characteristic region can be accurately analyzed: the location, size and stress value distribution of the stress concentration region. The method provides guidance and reference for the detection range and the service life evaluation of the pressure-bearing pipe fitting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tee in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a stress distribution diagram for a tee in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an A matrix in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transformation of a stl surface mesh of a model into a three-dimensional entity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the numerical conversion of xq1, yq1 and zq1 matrices in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional slice of a D matrix in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a gray scale schematic of a stress slice in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of tee high stress zone threshold extraction in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a watershed segmentation technique based on distance transform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the segmentation and extraction of stress concentration feature regions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the volume and surface area of a feature region as a function of radius of a fillet in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph of the length and width of a feature region as a function of radius of a fillet in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of depth versus radius of a feature region in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a distribution graph of stress values of a characteristic region as a function of radius of a fillet in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples are given.
As shown in fig. 1, a method of quantifying a stress concentration zone of a pressure-bearing tubular comprises the steps of:
s1, calculation data derivation: in this embodiment, a main steam T-shaped reducing tee pipe is used as a model, the inner diameter of a large pipe of the tee pipe is 243.3 mm, the wall thickness of the tee pipe is 118 mm, the pipe length is 1030 mm, the inner diameter of a small pipe of the tee pipe is 243.2 mm, the wall thickness of the tee pipe is 80 mm, the pipe length is 431.7 mm, the radius r of an inner fillet is =90 mm, and the radius r of an outer fillet is 0, 30, 60 and 95mm respectively, and a cross-sectional view of the tee pipe is shown in fig. 2. After finite element simulation calculation, the stress distribution of the tee pipe under the action of internal pressure is shown in fig. 3. And exporting the three-dimensional coordinates of the grid unit nodes and the stress values corresponding to the grid units, and storing the three-dimensional coordinates and the stress values in a txt file format.
S2, grid cell coordinate and stress data processing: and averaging the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the grid unit nodes derived by the finite element, corresponding the three-dimensional coordinates after the grid unit is averaged to the stress of the grid unit, classifying the three-dimensional coordinates in a matrix form, and recording the three-dimensional coordinates as a matrix A. See fig. 4.
S3, fitting stress data by nonlinear interpolation: the method for converting the stress distribution of the model into the corresponding three-dimensional image specifically comprises the following substeps:
s31, firstly, the three-dimensional model of the tee pipe fitting is led into Solidwork three-dimensional drawing software, and the three-dimensional model of the tee pipe fitting is led out in Stl file format.
S32, reading the stl file through the Avizo image processing analysis software, and acquiring a three-dimensional entity image of the model through an entity scanning module of the Avizo image processing analysis software due to the fact that the stl file grid is acquired as the surface grid node of the tee pipe fitting, wherein the process is schematically shown in FIG. 5. And assigning the image of the three-dimensional entity model, wherein the pixel value of the image containing the three-dimensional model is 1, and the pixel value of the area not containing the three-dimensional model is 0, and then storing the image in a 3D tiff image format.
And S33, reading the derived 3D tiff image through matlab to obtain a three-dimensional matrix B thereof. And generating orientation matrixes with the same size as B by using a mesgrid function, namely xq1, yq1 and zq 1.
And in the S34 and B matrix, the area equal to 0, and the unit corresponding to the corresponding area of the xq1, yq1 and zq1 matrixes is assigned as NaN, and the flow is schematically shown in FIG. 6.
And S35, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the finite element grid unit obtained after data processing and the matrix A corresponding to the stress and three orientation matrices of xq1, yq1 and zq1 by using a scatter interpolant function to obtain a three-dimensional matrix D.
S4, outputting a stress slice diagram: and (3) outputting n3 slice images by using Matlab to the matrix D obtained by nonlinear fitting, wherein the value of the gray scale corresponding to the pixel points in the slice images is the stress value of the tee pipe fitting, as shown in FIG. 8.
S5, threshold extraction: importing the n3 slice images stored in Matlab into Avizo three-dimensional reconstruction software, extracting the high stress value area of the tee pipe fitting by using a threshold method, and regarding the stress area with the stress value larger than 60 MPa as a high stress area in the test. The threshold is schematically shown in fig. 9.
S6, watershed segmentation: the method for segmenting the tee pipe fitting by the watershed specifically comprises the following sub-steps of:
s61, segmenting the high stress area extracted by the threshold by means of watershed segmentation, and segmenting the image area by image morphology during the watershed segmentation, wherein the gray value of the image is regarded as a map, the local minimum value of the terrain is communicated with the lowest point of the terrain, water is injected from the lowest point of the terrain map, and water flow gradually submerges the area formed by the lower points of the terrain until the whole image is submerged. In the process, watershed segmentation of the image can be realized through relevant morphological processing, and the experimental process adopts a watershed segmentation method based on distance transformation, and the flow chart is schematically shown in fig. 10.
S62, assigning the segmented high stress value areas by adopting a twenty-six neighborhood connected segmentation algorithm, and assigning values to different high stress value areas as follows: 1. 2, 3 …, the remaining regions are assigned a value of 0; and extracts the desired stress feature region S as shown in fig. 11.
S7, special area data quantization: and quantifying the volume, the surface area, the depth and the stress distribution range of the characteristic region S obtained after the segmentation by means of cell simulation convenience, curved surface fitting and the like. Fig. 12 is a distribution diagram of the volume and area of the feature region as a function of the radius of the fillet. Fig. 13 is a graph showing the variation of the length and width of the feature region with the radius of the fillet. Fig. 14 is a graph showing the variation of the depth of the feature region with the fillet radius. Fig. 15 is a distribution diagram of stress value distribution of a characteristic region along with the change of the fillet radius.
The method of the invention converts the problem of stress concentration of the analysis model into an image processing mode. The stress distribution of the model is converted into a three-dimensional image, and the stress concentration area of the model is extracted by means of image processing to show the three-dimensional structure of the stress concentration characteristic area. And finally, quantifying the extracted stress concentration area by a mathematical quantification means, evaluating the safety of the tee pipe fitting by volume, surface area, depth and stress value distribution, and providing a region range needing important detection for detection personnel.
The stress concentration area of the three-way pipe fitting is quantified, and the volume, the surface area, the size, the depth and the distribution of stress values of the stress concentration characteristic area are calculated statistically by means of image processing; thereby providing reference for the safety performance evaluation of the tee pipe fitting. For example, it can be seen from FIG. 12 that as the fillet radius of the tee exterior increases, the stress concentration zone area at its critical belly location begins to slowly increase, but the depth of the tee stress concentration zone does not change significantly as the fillet radius increases. From fig. 15, it can be seen that the stress at the abdomen position is gradually reduced with the increase of the radius of the fillet, and the stress points with large values are gradually increased, which indicates that the stress peak value of the stress concentration area at the abdomen of the tee joint is gradually reduced with the larger fillet at the outer wall side of the tee joint pipe, and is beneficial to the safety of the pipeline.
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for quantifying a stress concentration area of a pressure-bearing pipe fitting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculation data derivation: outputting the three-dimensional coordinates of the finite element grid element nodes and the corresponding stress values;
s2, grid cell coordinate and stress data processing: averaging the coordinates of each grid unit node, and corresponding to the stress of the grid unit;
s3, fitting stress data by nonlinear interpolation: carrying out nonlinear interpolation fitting on a matrix formed by the three-dimensional coordinates of the model and the corresponding stress values;
s4, outputting a stress slice diagram: fitting the nonlinear interpolation to obtain a three-dimensional matrix, and outputting a slice image with the total number of n stress values corresponding to the gray value of the pixel point;
s5, threshold extraction: importing the exported slice image into Avizo image three-dimensional reconstruction software, converting the stress distribution of the tee pipe fitting into a three-dimensional image form, and performing threshold extraction on a stress concentration area in the tee pipe fitting;
s6, watershed segmentation: performing watershed segmentation on the stress concentration region obtained by threshold extraction to obtain a stress concentration characteristic region to be analyzed;
s7, characteristic region data quantization: and quantifying the stress concentration characteristic region obtained by watershed segmentation by means of a mathematical means, and obtaining the volume, the surface area, the depth, the length and width dimensions and the stress value distribution of the characteristic region.
2. A method of quantifying a stress concentration zone of a pressure-bearing pipe according to claim 1, wherein step S1 is specifically performed by: firstly, deriving stress data obtained by finite element calculation and a three-dimensional coordinate corresponding to each grid unit node.
3. A method of quantifying a stress concentration zone of a pressure-bearing pipe according to claim 2, wherein step S2 is specifically performed by: carrying out average evaluation on three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the grid unit nodes derived from the finite elements, and obtaining a grid listThe three-dimensional coordinates after the element nodes are averaged correspond to the stress of the corresponding unit to obtain a matrix M1。
4. A method of quantifying a stress concentration zone of a pressure containing pipe according to claim 3, wherein step S3 comprises the sub-steps of:
s31, importing the three-dimensional model subjected to finite element simulation into Solidworks three-dimensional drawing software, and exporting the three-dimensional model in stl file format;
s32, reading the stl file by using Avizo image processing and analyzing software, converting the surface structure of the tee pipe fitting into a three-dimensional entity image, and finally storing the three-dimensional entity image in a 3D tiff image format, wherein the image contains a pixel region value of the three-dimensional model as 1 and does not contain the pixel region value of the three-dimensional model as 0;
s33, reading the derived 3D tiff image by utilizing Matlab to obtain a three-dimensional matrix M thereof2Using the mesegrid function to generate the size and M2The same matrix, i.e., xq, yq, zq;
S34、M2in the area equal to 0 in the matrix, assigning the unit corresponding to the corresponding area of the xq, yq and zq matrix as NaN;
s35, matrix M corresponding to the three-dimensional coordinates and the stress of the finite element grid elements obtained by data processing1And carrying out nonlinear fitting on the xq, yq and zq orientation matrixes by utilizing a scatter interpolant function to obtain a three-dimensional matrix M3。
5. The method for quantifying the stress concentration area of a pressure-bearing pipe according to claim 4, wherein the step S4 is specifically realized by: matrix M obtained by non-linear fitting with Matlab3The output is n slice images, and the values of the pixel points in the slice images are the stress values obtained by finite element analysis of the model.
6. The method for quantifying the stress concentration area of a pressure-bearing pipe according to claim 5, wherein the step S5 is specifically realized by: and (3) importing the n slice images output by the Matlab into Avizo three-dimensional reconstruction software, and extracting a high stress area of the tee pipe fitting by a threshold method.
7. A method of quantifying a stress concentration zone of a pressure containing pipe according to claim 6, wherein step S6 comprises the sub-steps of:
s61, segmenting the high stress value area extracted through the threshold value by using a watershed segmentation method;
s62, assigning the segmented high stress value areas by adopting a twenty-six neighborhood connected segmentation algorithm, and respectively assigning the different high stress value areas as follows: 1. 2, 3 …, and the rest areas are assigned with 0; and extracts the desired stress signature region.
8. The method of quantifying a stress concentration area of a pressure-bearing pipe according to claim 7, wherein step S7 is specifically implemented by: and quantifying the volume, the surface area, the depth and the stress distribution range of the characteristic region by a mathematical means.
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