CN105261068A - Micro-CT technology-based reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstruction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a micro-CT technology-based reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstruction method. The method includes the following steps that: a micro-CT technology is utilized to scan a reservoir core, so that a sectional scanning image of the reservoir core can be obtained, so that a CT image of a real reservoir core can be obtained, and a watershed algorithm is adopted to perform image segmentation on the CT image, so that the three-dimensional data of the image can be obtained; a Marching Cubes algorithm is adopted to generate a three-dimensional surface model of the reservoir core; and with the three-dimensional surface model of the reservoir core adopted as constraints, a constrained Delaunay tetrahedralization algorithm is utilized to generate the three-dimensional entity model of the reservoir core. According to the method of the invention, the three-dimensional entity model of the real reservoir core is established based on the sectional scanning image of the reservoir core, so that the obtained three-dimensional entity model of the reservoir core is more approximate to the structure of a real reservoir core. The method of the invention has the advantages of high accuracy and high efficiency. With the method adopted, defects of poor accuracy and low efficiency in the reconstruction of the three-dimensional entity model of a reservoir core in the prior art can be eliminated, and an effective guarantee can be provided for reservoir core simulation characteristic research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconfiguration technique, specifically, relate to a kind of method setting up its three-dimensional entity model based on reservoir core real structure.
Background technology
At present, the modeling method of reservoir core mainly contains two classes: a class is physically based deformation experimental technique, the method adopts the high tomographic apparatus of X ray CT scanner equally accurate to scan reservoir core, obtain the two dimensional image of reservoir core different cross section, then adopt suitable three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm to set up the three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core.One class is based on numerical reconstruction method, and this aspect utilizes a small amount of two-dimension picture, is obtained the system breath of reservoir core hole and entity, adopt relevant mathematical method to obtain reservoir core three-dimensional entity model on this basis again by the method for mathematical statistics.
After 19 century 70s, along with the development of computer technology and image analysis technology, reservoir core network modelling mode gets more and more, and has emerged in large numbers large quantities of effective modeling pattern.Joshi in 1974 proposes the algorithm formed after Gaussian field method and the Quilier innovatory algorithm further developing out on its basis and Ioannidis add fast fourier method of changing.The foundation that these algorithms realize two-dimentional rock core from develops into the foundation achieving Fontainebleau sandstone three-dimensional model, and the solving speed of rock core problem is had very large lifting.Within 1997, Hazlett proposes simulated annealing, adopts the major limitation of this algorithm to be its time overhead.Propose the another kind of new approaches-process method setting up rock core at same year Bakke and Oren, and apply the digital model that this method has rebuild Fontainebleau sandstone.Bakke and Oren in 2003 is effectively in conjunction with the pore space digital model basis of random approach and process method being set up Berea sandstone.
Abroad to the research starting comparatively morning of digital cores technical research, current technical development is also comparatively ripe, establish three professional digital cores physics laboratories, mainly contain the NumericalRocks laboratory of the DigitalcoreLaboratory of Australian National University, the IngrainDigitalRockPhysicsLab of Stanford University and Norway.At home, China Petroleum Univ. (East-China) has expanded the research of rock core aspect.The method of current reconstruct reservoir core three-dimensional entity model is usually based on the statistical method of stochastic simulation; reservoir core relevant topology information needed for the method; such as hole and throat size distribution etc. are main given artificially; differ greatly with the real structure of actual reservoir rock core; and model reconstruction efficiency is lower, be unfavorable for follow-up numerical simulation study.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the above-mentioned defect and the deficiency that overcome prior art existence, provide a kind of reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology, the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model accuracy of the method reconstruct is good, efficiency is high, can provide effective medium for the research of the physical attribute of reservoir core and seepage characteristic.
According to one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology, containing following steps:
(1) adopt Micro-CT technology to scan reservoir core, obtain the profile scanning image of reservoir core;
(2) adopt median filtering algorithm to carry out pre-service to image, remove image institute Noise;
(3) adopt watershed algorithm to carry out Iamge Segmentation to filtered image, and extract three-dimensional data (x, the y of the rear image of segmentation, z, gray), wherein x, y are pixel coordinate in the picture, z is the sequence number of pixel place image, and gray is the gray level image of pixel;
(4) according to the image three-dimensional data obtained in step (three), MarchingCubes algorithm is utilized to generate the 3 d surface model of reservoir core;
(5) utilize constraint Delaunay Tetrahedron subdivision algorithm, to reconstruct the 3 d surface model of the reservoir core obtained in step (four) for constraint, generate the three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core.
According in the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method of the embodiment of the present invention, in step (three), the step of watershed algorithm segmentation image is adopted to be: to establish A to represent window, A
x,yfor the translation of A, its initial point is (x, y),
(1) utilize gray scale erosion operation and gray scale dilation operation to carry out image simplification to filtered image, remove the noise of image, then the erosion operator ε of image B
a(B) be:
The Expanded Operators δ of image B
a(B) be:
In formula, (k, l) is the translational coordination of the image B after transforming;
(2) calculate the Morphological Gradient of gray level image, morphometric characters is that dilation transformation deducts corrosion conversion:
g(x,y)＝ε
A(B)(x,y)-δ
A(B)(x,y)(3)
(3) Iamge Segmentation is carried out according to gradient:
f
B(f)＝g(x,y)×g(x,y)/255.0(4)
F
bf () is image after segmentation, f is the Morphological Gradient of gray level image.
According in the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method of the embodiment of the present invention, in step (four), the step utilizing MarchingCubes algorithm to generate the 3 d surface model of reservoir core is:
(1) read in the image three-dimensional data obtained in step (three), and corresponding up and down four points of every two images form a cube voxel;
(2) calculated the intersection point of voxel seamed edge and contour surface by linear interpolation method, wherein, contour surface is all set with the point of certain identical value in space, if C is threshold value given in three-dimensionalreconstruction process, P is equivalent point coordinate, P
1, P
2be the coordinate of two end points, V
1, V
2it is the gray scale of two end points; Then for certain seamed edge, if V
1≠ V
2, so necessarily seamed edge is crossing therewith for contour surface, and intersecting point coordinate is: P=P
1+ (C-V
1) (P
1-P
2)/(V
1-V
2);
(3) draw tri patch according to the position of summit in voxel and contour surface, generate 3 d surface model;
According in the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method of the embodiment of the present invention, in step (five), the step utilizing constraint Delaunay Tetrahedron subdivision algorithm to generate the three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core is:
(1) set the tetrahedron that comprises the whole summit of reservoir core 3 d surface model as T, the vertex data set of reservoir core 3 d surface model is C;
(2) get 1 p in set C successively and, as insertion point, suppose that this point is positioned at a tetrahedron element t of tetrahedron T.Empty ball criterion according to Delaunay subdivision judges, judge whether comprise insertion point p with four coplanar adjacent tetrahedral circumspheres of tetrahedron element t, if comprise p, this adjacent tetrahedron is joined in Delaunay cavity, if do not comprise p, then the public triangular facet of tetrahedron element t and this adjacent four sides unit forms the boundary surface of Delaunay cavity;
(3) tetrahedron in Delaunay cavity is deleted, leave four adjacent tetrahedrons at cavity sides interface, connect the summit at insertion point p and Delaunay cavity sides interface, form new tetrahedron element, and stored in reservoir core surface model in the Delaunay tetrahedron set D that retrains;
(4) repeat step (2), (3), until the point in all set C is all inserted in tetrahedral grid, generate with the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core 3 d surface model for constraint.
According to the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, Micro-CT technology is utilized to scan reservoir core, obtain the profile scanning image of reservoir core, thus obtain the CT image of true reservoir core, and adopt watershed algorithm to carry out Iamge Segmentation to CT image, and obtain image three-dimensional data; Then MarchingCubes algorithm is utilized to generate the 3 d surface model of reservoir core; 3 d surface model finally based on reservoir core is constraint, utilize and limit the three-dimensional entity model that Delaunay Tetrahedron subdivision algorithm generates reservoir core, achieve by the conversion of image information to three-dimensional topology information, set up the three-dimensional entity model matched with true reservoir core structure, can effectively for the structure of true reservoir core and the description of seepage characteristic and digital management.By the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model generated according to the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology of the embodiment of the present invention, because the method to carry out the foundation of three-dimensional entity model based on the tomoscan image of true reservoir core, effectively can obtain the three-dimensional entity model of true reservoir core, closer to real reservoir core structure, accuracy is good, efficiency is high, its good geometry topological structure is conducive to inner structural features and the seepage characteristic of analyzing reservoir core further, pointed and practicality, overcome the poor accuracy that prior art exists when reconstructing reservoir core three-dimensional entity model, efficiency is low waits deficiency, for the reliability of reservoir core analog feature research provides effective guarantee.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is embodiment of the present invention reservoir core Micro-CT tomoscan image.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the design sketch after embodiment of the present invention image median filter.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the design sketch after embodiment of the present invention watershed algorithm segmentation image.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the reservoir core 3 d surface model that embodiment of the present invention MarchingCubes algorithm generates.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the sectional view of embodiment of the present invention reservoir core 3 d surface model.
The reservoir core three-dimensional entity model that accompanying drawing 6 utilizes Delaunay Tetrahedron subdivision algorithm to generate for the embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the sectional view of embodiment of the present invention reservoir core three-dimensional entity model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated.
To build three-dimensional entity model to carbonatite rock core.A kind of reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology that the embodiment of the present invention provides, specifically containing following steps:
(1) adopt Micro-CT technology to scan reservoir core, obtain the profile scanning image of reservoir core, tomoscan image as shown in Figure 1.
Carbonatite core model, when carrying out Micro-CT tomoscan image, scans the gob heart of unsaturation fluid.The image size that rock core Micro-CT scans is pixel, scans faultage image 100 altogether, is spaced apart 0.01mm between every two tension fault images.
(2) adopt median filtering algorithm to carry out pre-service to image, remove image institute Noise.
There is because experiment scans in the reservoir core faultage image obtained the undesirable element that assorted point waits interfering picture process, therefore need to carry out medium filtering process to reduce picture noise to image.Use Image software, adopt the method for medium filtering, remove image noise.Image result after medium filtering process as shown in Figure 2.
(3) for obtaining image gradation data, watershed algorithm is adopted to carry out Iamge Segmentation to filtered image, use the three-dimensional data (x that software MATLAB extracts the rear image of segmentation, y, z, gray), wherein x, y are pixel coordinate in the picture, z is the sequence number of pixel place image, and gray is the gray level image of pixel.Adopt the concrete steps of watershed algorithm segmentation image as follows: to establish A to represent window, A
x,yfor the translation of A, its initial point is (x, y),
(1) utilize gray scale erosion operation and gray scale dilation operation to carry out image simplification to filtered image, remove the noise of image, then the erosion operator ε of image B
a(B) be:
The Expanded Operators δ of image B
a(B) be:
In formula, (k, l) is the translational coordination of the image B after transforming;
(2) calculate the Morphological Gradient of gray level image, morphometric characters is that dilation transformation deducts corrosion conversion:
g(x,y)＝ε
A(B)(x,y)-δ
A(B)(x,y)(3)
(3) Iamge Segmentation is carried out according to gradient:
f
B(f)＝g(x,y)×g(x,y)/255.0(4)
In formula, f
bf () is image after segmentation, f is the Morphological Gradient of gray level image.
Image result after watershed algorithm process as shown in Figure 3.
(4) according to the image three-dimensional data obtained in step (three), MarchingCubes algorithm is utilized to generate the 3 d surface model of reservoir core.Its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) read in the image three-dimensional data obtained in step (three), and corresponding up and down four points of every two images form a cube voxel;
(2) calculated the intersection point of voxel seamed edge and contour surface by linear interpolation method, wherein, contour surface is all set with the point of certain identical value in space, if C is threshold value given in three-dimensionalreconstruction process, P is equivalent point coordinate, P
1, P
2be the coordinate of two end points, V
1, V
2it is the gray scale of two end points; Then for certain seamed edge, if V
1≠ V
2, so necessarily seamed edge is crossing therewith for contour surface, and intersecting point coordinate is: P=P
1+ (C-V
1) (P
1-P
2)/(V
1-V
2);
(3) draw tri patch according to the position of summit in voxel and contour surface, generate 3 d surface model, as shown in Figure 4.Fig. 5 is the sectional view of this 3 d surface model.
(5) utilize constraint Delaunay Tetrahedron subdivision algorithm, to reconstruct the 3 d surface model of the reservoir core obtained in step (four) for constraint, generate the three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core.Its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) set the tetrahedron that comprises the whole summit of reservoir core 3 d surface model as T, the vertex data set of reservoir core 3 d surface model is C;
(2) get 1 p in set C successively and, as insertion point, suppose that this point is positioned at a tetrahedron element t of tetrahedron T.Empty ball criterion according to Delaunay subdivision judges, judge whether comprise insertion point p with four coplanar adjacent tetrahedral circumspheres of tetrahedron element t, if comprise p, this adjacent tetrahedron is joined in Delaunay cavity, if do not comprise p, then the public triangular facet of tetrahedron element t and this adjacent four sides unit forms the boundary surface of Delaunay cavity;
(3) tetrahedron in Delaunay cavity is deleted, leave four adjacent tetrahedrons at cavity sides interface, connect the summit at insertion point p and Delaunay cavity sides interface, form new tetrahedron element, and stored in reservoir core surface model in the Delaunay tetrahedron set D that retrains;
(4) step (2), (3) are repeated, until the point in all set C is all inserted in tetrahedral grid, generate with the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core 3 d surface model for constraint, the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model of generation and sectional view thereof are respectively as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Above-described embodiment is used for explaining the present invention, instead of limits the invention, and in the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any amendment make the present invention and change, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1., based on a reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method for Micro-CT technology, it is characterized in that: containing following steps:
(1) adopt Micro-CT technology to scan reservoir core, obtain the profile scanning image of reservoir core;
(2) adopt median filtering algorithm to carry out pre-service to image, remove image institute Noise;
(3) adopt watershed algorithm to carry out Iamge Segmentation to filtered image, and extract three-dimensional data (x, the y of the rear image of segmentation, z, gray), wherein x, y are pixel coordinate in the picture, z is the sequence number of pixel place image, and gray is the gray level image of pixel;
(4) according to the image three-dimensional data obtained in step (three), MarchingCubes algorithm is utilized to generate the 3 d surface model of reservoir core;
(5) utilize constraint Delaunay Tetrahedron subdivision algorithm, to reconstruct the 3 d surface model of the reservoir core obtained in step (four) for constraint, generate the three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core.
2. the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (three), and the step of employing watershed algorithm segmentation image is: establish A to represent window, A
x,yfor the translation of A, its initial point is (x, y),
(1) utilize gray scale erosion operation and gray scale dilation operation to carry out image simplification to filtered image, remove the noise of image, then the erosion operator ε of image B
a(B) be:
The Expanded Operators δ of image B
a(B) be:
In formula, (k, l) is the translational coordination of the image B after transforming;
(2) calculate the Morphological Gradient of gray level image, morphometric characters is that dilation transformation deducts corrosion conversion:
g(x,y)＝ε
A(B)(x,y)-δ
A(B)(x,y)(3)
(3) Iamge Segmentation is carried out according to gradient:
f
B(f)＝g(x,y)×g(x,y)/255.0(4)
In formula, f
bf () is image after segmentation, f is the Morphological Gradient of gray level image.
3. the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (four), and the step utilizing MarchingCubes algorithm to generate the 3 d surface model of reservoir core is:
(1) read in the image three-dimensional data obtained in step (three), and corresponding up and down four points of every two images form a cube voxel;
(2) calculated the intersection point of voxel seamed edge and contour surface by linear interpolation method, wherein, contour surface is all set with the point of certain identical value in space, if C is threshold value given in three-dimensionalreconstruction process, P is equivalent point coordinate, P
1, P
2be the coordinate of two end points, V
1, V
2it is the gray scale of two end points; Then for certain seamed edge, if V
1≠ V
2, so necessarily seamed edge is crossing therewith for contour surface, and intersecting point coordinate is: P=P
1+ (C-V
1) (P
1-P
2)/(V
1-V
2);
(3) draw tri patch according to the position of summit in voxel and contour surface, generate 3 d surface model.
4. the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model reconstructing method based on Micro-CT technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (five), the step utilizing constraint Delaunay Tetrahedron subdivision algorithm to generate the three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core is:
(1) set the tetrahedron that comprises the whole summit of reservoir core 3 d surface model as T, the vertex data set of reservoir core 3 d surface model is C;
(2) get 1 p in set C successively and, as insertion point, suppose that this point is positioned at a tetrahedron element t of tetrahedron T.Empty ball criterion according to Delaunay subdivision judges, judge whether comprise insertion point p with four coplanar adjacent tetrahedral circumspheres of tetrahedron element t, if comprise p, this adjacent tetrahedron is joined in Delaunay cavity, if do not comprise p, then the public triangular facet of tetrahedron element t and this adjacent four sides unit forms the boundary surface of Delaunay cavity;
(3) tetrahedron in Delaunay cavity is deleted, leave four adjacent tetrahedrons at cavity sides interface, connect the summit at insertion point p and Delaunay cavity sides interface, form new tetrahedron element, and stored in reservoir core surface model in the Delaunay tetrahedron set D that retrains;
(4) repeat step (2), (3), until the point in all set C is all inserted in tetrahedral grid, generate with the reservoir core three-dimensional entity model of reservoir core 3 d surface model for constraint.
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