CN112305052A - Measuring device and method for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of lead storage battery negative electrode material - Google Patents

Measuring device and method for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of lead storage battery negative electrode material Download PDF

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CN112305052A
CN112305052A CN202011078726.9A CN202011078726A CN112305052A CN 112305052 A CN112305052 A CN 112305052A CN 202011078726 A CN202011078726 A CN 202011078726A CN 112305052 A CN112305052 A CN 112305052A
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negative electrode
electrode material
gas
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electrode
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CN112305052B (en
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陶许涛
吴万斌
黄小花
张明
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Hoppecke Battery Systems Wuhan Co Ltd
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
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    • G01N27/48Systems using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage

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Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring device and a method for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery, and relates to the technical field of lead storage batteries. The measuring device is used for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery, and comprises: an electrolytic cell; the electrode assembly is arranged in the electrolytic cell and comprises a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a reference electrode which are arranged at intervals, wherein the working electrode comprises a mounting part for accommodating the negative electrode material; an electrochemical workstation electrically connected to the electrode assembly; and the gas collecting piece is provided with a collecting cavity with a downward opening, the gas collecting piece is arranged above the negative electrode material, and the opening is close to the negative electrode material and used for collecting the hydrogen produced at the negative electrode material. The measuring device provided by the invention has a simple structure, and can be used for rapidly and accurately measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristics of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery.

Description

Measuring device and method for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of lead storage battery negative electrode material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lead storage batteries, in particular to a measuring device and a method for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery.
Background
When the lead storage battery is charged, 90 percent of PbSO is added4Reduction to active substancesAfter the spongy lead begins to be separated out, hydrogen gas is separated out, and the lead storage battery is dehydrated and even dried up, so that the research on the hydrogen separation characteristic of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery is very important.
The existing method for researching the hydrogen evolution characteristic of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery is to produce a polar plate assembled battery in small batches, and research the influence of the negative electrode additive material on water loss through gas collection or battery weighing in the cyclic durability or floating charging process. The method has the defects of high input cost, long experimental period and waste of testing resources caused by certain blindness, and can involve interference of other parts of the storage battery, such as a positive plate, a diaphragm material, electrolyte and the like, and factors of manufacturing processes, such as diaphragm compression ratio, diaphragm saturation difference and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a measuring device and a method for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristic of a lead storage battery cathode material, and aims to provide the measuring device capable of simply, quickly and accurately measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristic of the lead storage battery cathode material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a measuring apparatus for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery, the measuring apparatus comprising:
an electrolytic cell;
the electrode assembly is arranged in the electrolytic cell and comprises a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a reference electrode which are arranged at intervals, wherein the working electrode comprises a mounting part for accommodating the negative electrode material;
an electrochemical workstation electrically connected to the electrode assembly; and the number of the first and second groups,
and the gas collecting piece is provided with a collecting cavity with a downward opening, the gas collecting piece is arranged above the negative electrode material, and the opening is close to the negative electrode material and is used for collecting the hydrogen produced at the negative electrode material.
Optionally, a mounting hole is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell in a penetrating manner;
the working electrode includes:
the electrode body is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and is provided with an installation groove with an upward opening, and the installation groove forms the installation part; and the number of the first and second groups,
the flow guide rod penetrates through the mounting hole, one end of the flow guide rod penetrates through the bottom of the mounting groove, and the other end of the flow guide rod extends out of the electrolytic cell.
Optionally, a sealing ring is arranged between the hole wall of the mounting hole and the outer side wall of the flow guide rod; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the distance between the opening of the gas collecting piece and the mounting part is 4-7 mm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the material of the flow guide rod is lead; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the caliber of the flow guide rod is 1 mm-3 mm.
Optionally, the auxiliary electrode is a lead dioxide electrode; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the reference electrode is a mercury-mercurous sulfate electrode.
Optionally, the outer side wall of the gas collecting piece is provided with scales, and the gas collecting piece is made of a transparent material.
Optionally, the aperture of the opening of the gas collecting member is larger than the maximum diameter of the mounting portion.
The invention further provides a method for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristic of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery, which comprises the following steps:
providing a measuring device as described above;
filling a negative electrode material to be detected in the mounting part to form a working electrode;
injecting an electrolyte into the electrolytic cell and at least partially submerging the gas collection member with the electrolyte;
performing cyclic voltammetry scanning on the working electrode, and recording a current-potential curve of the working electrode until the peak value of the current in the current-potential curve is unchanged;
collecting hydrogen under the condition of keeping the constant potential of the working electrode, and recording the amount of the obtained hydrogen.
Optionally, the step of filling the mounting portion with a negative electrode material to be detected to form the working electrode includes:
forming the negative electrode material into paste;
and filling the paste into the mounting part, and sequentially carrying out curing, drying and formation treatment to obtain the working electrode.
Optionally, the electrolyte comprises dilute sulfuric acid.
Optionally, the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 1.2g/mL to 1.3 g/mL.
In the technical scheme of the invention, a measuring device is designed for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristic of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery, an electrode assembly and an electrochemical workstation are arranged, so that a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a reference electrode in an electrolytic cell form three electrodes and two loops, when the measuring device is used, the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery is firstly manufactured into the working electrode, then the working electrode, the auxiliary electrode and the reference electrode are respectively connected with three joints of the electrochemical workstation, then cyclic volt-ampere scanning is carried out on the working electrode until the current peak value of the working electrode is not changed, finally the electrochemical workstation is adjusted, hydrogen is collected under the condition of keeping the constant potential of the working electrode, thus the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery evolves hydrogen under the condition of constant potential, the hydrogen evolution is closer to the condition of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery when the battery is charged, and the measurement is more accurate, and, the structure is simple, and the hydrogen evolution characteristic of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery can be rapidly and accurately measured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a measuring device according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the working electrode shown in fig. 1.
The reference numbers illustrate:
Figure BDA0002717612970000031
Figure BDA0002717612970000041
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as upper, lower, left, right, front, rear, outer and inner … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The existing method for researching the hydrogen evolution characteristic of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery is to produce a polar plate assembled battery in small batches, and research the influence of the negative electrode additive material on water loss through gas collection or battery weighing in the cyclic durability or floating charging process. The method has the defects of high input cost, long experimental period and waste of testing resources caused by certain blindness, and can involve interference of other parts of the storage battery, such as a positive plate, a diaphragm material, electrolyte and the like, and factors of manufacturing processes, such as diaphragm compression ratio, diaphragm saturation difference and the like. In view of this, the present invention provides a measuring device and a method for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery, and aims to provide a measuring device capable of simply, rapidly and accurately measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a measuring device according to the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the working electrode shown in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1, a measuring apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead-acid battery, and the measuring apparatus 100 includes: the electrochemical device comprises an electrolytic cell 1, an electrode assembly 2, an electrochemical workstation and a gas collecting piece 4, wherein the electrode assembly 2 is arranged in the electrolytic cell 1, the electrode assembly 2 comprises a working electrode 21, an auxiliary electrode 22 and a reference electrode 23 which are arranged at intervals, and the working electrode 21 comprises a mounting part 214 for accommodating a negative electrode material; the electrochemical workstation is electrically connected with the electrode assembly 2; the gas collecting member 4 is provided with a collecting cavity with a downward opening, the gas collecting member 4 is arranged above the cathode material, and the opening is close to the cathode material and used for collecting hydrogen produced by the cathode material.
In the technical scheme of the invention, a measuring device 100 is designed for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristic of the negative electrode material of a lead storage battery, an electrode assembly 2 and an electrochemical workstation are arranged, so that a working electrode 21, an auxiliary electrode 22 and a reference electrode 23 in an electrolytic cell 1 form three electrodes and two loops, when in use, the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery is firstly manufactured into the working electrode 21, then the working electrode 21, the auxiliary electrode 22 and the reference electrode 23 are respectively connected with three joints of the electrochemical workstation, then cyclic voltammetry scanning is carried out on the working electrode 21 until the current peak value does not change, finally the electrochemical workstation is adjusted, hydrogen is collected under the condition of keeping the constant potential of the working electrode 21, thus, the hydrogen evolution of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery under the constant potential condition is enabled to be more close to the condition of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery during battery charging, the measuring device 100 provided by the invention has a simple structure, and can be used for rapidly and accurately measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristics of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 1, the electrochemical workstation has three connectors, and the working electrode 21, the auxiliary electrode 22 and the reference electrode 23 are respectively connected with the three connectors by leading out leads 5 to form three electrodes and two loops, which are respectively a polarization loop formed between the working electrode 21 and the auxiliary electrode 22 and a measurement loop formed between the working electrode 21 and the reference electrode 23, so that the polarization current and the polarization potential can be directly measured, and sufficient measurement accuracy is achieved. In addition, the composition of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery is not limited, and sulfuric acid, charcoal, barium sulfate, lignin and the like can be included in addition to lead.
Preferably, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a mounting hole 11 is formed through the bottom of the electrolytic cell 1; the working electrode 21 comprises an electrode body 211 and a guide rod 212, wherein the electrode body 211 is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell 1, the electrode body 211 is provided with an installation groove which is opened upwards, and the installation groove forms an installation part 214; the flow guide rod 212 penetrates through the mounting hole 11, one end of the flow guide rod 212 penetrates through the bottom of the mounting groove, and the other end of the flow guide rod 212 extends out of the electrolytic cell 1. Specifically, the guide rods 212 lead out leads 5 to be connected with the joints of the electrochemical workstation.
The invention does not limit the material and size of the guide rod 212, and preferably, the guide rod 212 is made of lead; the aperture of the flow guide rod 212 is 1 mm-3 mm, and the flow guide effect is good under the above conditions.
The installation part 214 is filled with the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery, and then the manufactured working electrode 21 is placed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell 1, so that the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery always has one surface to be contacted with the electrolyte, the hydrogen can be uniformly generated during the reaction, and the hydrogen collection of the gas collection part 4 is facilitated.
In order to prevent the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell 1 from leaking, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a sealing ring 213 is preferably disposed between the wall of the mounting hole 11 and the outer sidewall of the flow guiding rod 212, so as to effectively seal and prevent the electrolyte from leaking out and corroding the flow guiding rod 212 and the lead 5.
The gas collecting piece 4 is arranged above the negative electrode material, the opening of the gas collecting piece 4 is close to the negative electrode material, and hydrogen generated at the position of the negative electrode material is convenient to collect.
Further, it is preferable that the aperture of the opening of the gas collecting member 4 is larger than the maximum diameter of the mounting portion 214. Therefore, the gas generated at the position of the anode material can be collected to the maximum extent, and the gas is prevented from escaping.
The invention is not limited to the specific form of the auxiliary electrode 22 and the reference electrode 23, and preferably, the auxiliary electrode 22 is a lead dioxide electrode, which is used only for passing current to realize the polarization of the research electrode when researching the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery, so as to facilitate the measurement; the reference electrode 23 is a mercury-mercurous sulfate electrode, and the reference electrode 23 is an electrode used as a reference for comparison when measuring various electrode potentials. The electrode potential of the electrode to be measured can be calculated by measuring the electromotive force value of the cell by constituting the cell by the electrode to be measured and the reference electrode 23 of which the electrode potential value is accurately known.
In order to directly obtain the amount of the generated gas, in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a scale 41 is disposed on an outer sidewall of the gas collecting member 4, and the material of the gas collecting member 4 is a transparent material. Therefore, at least part of the gas collecting piece 4 is filled with electrolyte, when gas is generated, the gas enters the gas collecting piece 4, and then the electrolyte in the gas collecting piece is discharged, so that the generated hydrogen amount can be intuitively obtained according to the initial scale 41 and the final scale 41, and the method is convenient and easy to implement.
The invention further provides a method for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristic of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery, which comprises the following steps:
s10, providing the measuring device 100 as described above;
s20, filling the mounting portion 214 with a negative electrode material to be detected to form the working electrode 21;
after the working electrode 21 is manufactured, the working electrode 21, the auxiliary electrode 22 and the reference electrode 23 are placed in the electrolytic cell 1, and three connectors of the electrochemical workstation are respectively connected with the working electrode 21, the auxiliary electrode 22 and the reference electrode 23 to form a three-electrode system.
S30, injecting electrolyte into the electrolytic cell 1, and at least partially immersing the gas collecting piece 4 in the electrolyte;
s40, performing cyclic voltammetry scanning on the working electrode 21, and recording a current-potential curve of the working electrode 21 until the peak value of the current in the current-potential curve does not change;
it should be noted that cyclic voltammetric scanning controls the electrode potential to be scanned repeatedly in a triangular waveform over time at different rates over one or more times within a range that allows different reduction and oxidation reactions to occur alternately on the electrode, and records a current-potential curve. The invention uses cyclic voltammetry scanning to eliminate the influence of impurities in the cathode material and stabilize the electrode, and in specific use, the peak value of the current in the current-potential curve can be basically unchanged by repeatedly scanning for 5 to 6 times in a triangular waveform.
The reaction equation in this process is:
Figure BDA0002717612970000071
s50, collecting hydrogen gas under the condition of keeping the working electrode 21 at a constant potential, and recording the amount of the hydrogen gas obtained.
Preferably, the step of filling the negative electrode material to be detected in the mounting portion 214 to constitute the working electrode 21 includes:
s21, forming the negative electrode material into paste;
and S22, filling the paste into the mounting part 214, and sequentially carrying out curing, drying and chemical conversion treatment to obtain the working electrode 21.
The present invention is also not limited with respect to the kind of the electrolyte, and preferably, the electrolyte includes dilute sulfuric acid.
Further, the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 1.2g/mL to 1.3 g/mL. Within the above concentration range, the effect is better.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A measuring device for measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a negative electrode material of a lead storage battery, characterized by comprising:
an electrolytic cell;
the electrode assembly is arranged in the electrolytic cell and comprises a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a reference electrode which are arranged at intervals, wherein the working electrode comprises a mounting part for accommodating the negative electrode material;
an electrochemical workstation electrically connected to the electrode assembly; and the number of the first and second groups,
and the gas collecting piece is provided with a collecting cavity with a downward opening, the gas collecting piece is arranged above the negative electrode material, and the opening is close to the negative electrode material and is used for collecting the hydrogen produced at the negative electrode material.
2. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the electrolytic cell is provided with a mounting hole;
the working electrode includes:
the electrode body is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and is provided with an installation groove with an upward opening, and the installation groove forms the installation part; and the number of the first and second groups,
the flow guide rod penetrates through the mounting hole, one end of the flow guide rod penetrates through the bottom of the mounting groove, and the other end of the flow guide rod extends out of the electrolytic cell.
3. The measuring device according to claim 2, wherein a sealing ring is arranged between the hole wall of the mounting hole and the outer side wall of the flow guide rod; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the distance between the opening of the gas collecting piece and the mounting part is 4-7 mm; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the material of the flow guide rod is lead; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the caliber of the flow guide rod is 1 mm-3 mm.
4. The measurement device of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode is a lead dioxide electrode; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the reference electrode is a mercury-mercurous sulfate electrode.
5. The measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer sidewall of the gas collecting member is provided with a scale, and the material of the gas collecting member is transparent.
6. A measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the opening of the gas collecting member is larger than the largest diameter of the mounting portion.
7. A method for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristics of a lead storage battery negative electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
filling a negative electrode material to be detected in the mounting part to form a working electrode;
injecting an electrolyte into the electrolytic cell and at least partially submerging the gas collection member with the electrolyte;
performing cyclic voltammetry scanning on the working electrode, and recording a current-potential curve of the working electrode until the peak value of the current in the current-potential curve is unchanged;
collecting hydrogen under the condition of keeping the constant potential of the working electrode, and recording the amount of the obtained hydrogen.
8. The method for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristics of the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step of filling the mounting portion with the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery to be detected to obtain the working electrode comprises:
forming the negative electrode material into paste;
and filling the paste into the mounting part, and sequentially carrying out curing, drying and formation treatment to obtain the working electrode.
9. The method of measuring hydrogen evolution characteristics of a lead-acid battery negative electrode material of claim 7, wherein said electrolyte comprises dilute sulfuric acid.
10. The method for measuring the hydrogen evolution characteristics of a lead-acid battery negative electrode material according to claim 9, wherein the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 1.2g/mL to 1.3 g/mL.
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