CN112304826A - Smoke sensing device - Google Patents
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- CN112304826A CN112304826A CN201911038426.5A CN201911038426A CN112304826A CN 112304826 A CN112304826 A CN 112304826A CN 201911038426 A CN201911038426 A CN 201911038426A CN 112304826 A CN112304826 A CN 112304826A
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a smoke sensing device, which comprises a light driving unit and a light receiving unit; the optical driving unit comprises an optical transmitter, a temperature sensor and a driving unit; the driving unit is electrically connected to the light emitter and the temperature sensor, and can adjust the magnitude of the driving current output to the light emitter according to the temperature signal output by the temperature sensor, so that the light emitter can avoid the excessive change of the energy of the emitted and detected light when the light emitter is subjected to the change of the ambient temperature; therefore, the light receiving unit can generate a light sensing signal after receiving the detection light emitted by the light driving unit, and the light sensing signal can truly reflect the quantity of the light-tight particles in the air.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a smoke sensing device, and more particularly, to an improved circuit of a smoke sensing device.
Background
The smoke sensing device mainly uses a light emitter and a light receiver to detect the quantity of opaque particles (such as smoke particles) in the air so as to detect whether a large quantity of smoke particles possibly caused by fire happen or not and further send out an alarm; therefore, the accuracy of the detection by the smoke sensing device is important.
In order to ensure consistent energy of detection light emitted by a light emitter in the existing smoke sensing device, a current controller is adopted in a matching way to output a certain current to the light emitter; however, in practice, even if a constant current is supplied to the light emitter, the energy of the light emitted from the light emitter changes as the ambient temperature increases or decreases, for example, when the ambient temperature increases to a high critical temperature value or decreases to a low critical temperature value, the energy of the light emitted from the light emitter decreases or increases.
Because the light receiver in the smoke sensing device receives the detection light reflected, refracted or scattered by the opaque particles in the air, etc., and generates a sensing signal for smoke detection according to the energy of the received detection light; therefore, if the energy of the detecting light emitted by the light emitter changes with the ambient temperature, the energy of the detecting light received by the light receiver will also directly change, which may not correctly reflect the correct smoke concentration, and may even cause an alarm-not-alarm condition.
In addition, the characteristics of the light receiver in the smoke sensing device are also affected by the ambient temperature, and as shown in fig. 6, when the light receiver is reversely biased, the reverse dark current increases with the temperature increase, and cannot correctly reflect the energy of the received detection light.
In summary, the present smoke sensing device is actually affected by the ambient temperature, and therefore, it is necessary to improve the detection accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defect that the smoke sensing device is not accurately detected due to the change of the environmental temperature, the present invention provides a smoke sensing device that does not erroneously detect due to the environmental temperature.
The main technical means used for achieving the above purpose is to make the smoke sensing device comprise:
an optical driving unit, comprising:
a light emitter for emitting a detection light;
a temperature sensor for detecting temperature and outputting a temperature signal; and
the driving unit is electrically connected to the light emitter and the temperature sensor, and is used for driving the light emitter to emit the detection light, and the driving unit adjusts the size of the detection light output by the light emitter according to the temperature signal output by the temperature sensor; and
a light receiving unit, comprising:
the light sensor is used for receiving the detection light emitted by the light emitter and correspondingly generating a light sensing signal; and
and the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the light sensor, receives the light sensing signal and obtains the corresponding smoke concentration according to the light sensing signal.
It can be seen from the above description that, the present invention mainly adds a temperature sensor to the optical driving unit to detect the ambient temperature of the smoke sensing device, and the driving unit adjusts the magnitude of the driving current to the optical transmitter according to the temperature signal output by the temperature sensor, so that the energy of the detected light emitted by the optical transmitter is stable when the ambient temperature changes, and the detected light energy received by the optical receiver by the signal processing unit is ensured to accurately reflect the current smoke concentration in the air.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a smoke sensing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the bias circuit and the integrator shown in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a smoke sensing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the bias circuit and the differential integrator shown in fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of multiple reverse dark currents versus reverse bias voltages at different ambient temperatures for an optical receiver.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the reverse dark current versus ambient temperature for a reverse bias voltage for a photoreceiver.
Wherein, the reference numbers:
10 light drive unit 11 light emitter
12 temperature sensor 13 drive unit
20 light receiving unit 21 light sensor
22. 22a signal processing unit 221 bias circuit
222 integrator 222a differential integrator
223 analog to digital converter 224 amplifier
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings, which are provided for illustration purposes and the like:
the present invention is directed to an improvement of a circuit of a smoke sensing device, and the following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the smoke sensing device includes an optical driving unit 10 and an optical receiving unit 20; wherein the light driving unit 10 comprises a light emitter 11, a temperature sensor 12 and a driving unit 13, and the light receiving unit 20 comprises a light sensor 21 and a signal processing unit 22.
The light emitter 11 is used for emitting a detection light. In this embodiment, the light emitter 11 is an infrared light emitter or a light emitting diode with a specific color, but not limited thereto.
The temperature sensor 12 is used to detect the temperature and output a temperature signal accordingly.
The driving unit 13 is electrically connected to the light emitter 11 and the temperature sensor 12; in this embodiment, the driving unit 13 is a current driving unit, which outputs a driving current to make the light emitter 11 emit the detection light, and the driving unit 13 adjusts the magnitude of the output driving current according to the temperature signal output by the temperature sensor 12, but the type of the driving unit 13 is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the driving unit 13 is preset with at least one set of temperature and light energy compensation rate table, after determining the corresponding temperature value of the received temperature signal, the driving unit 13 obtains the light energy compensation rate corresponding to the temperature value by referring to the temperature and light energy compensation rate table, and then adjusts the driving current used by the current driving unit to drive the light emitter according to the light energy compensation rate. For example, when the temperature rises to a high temperature threshold, and the light energy compensation rate corresponding to the high temperature threshold is 1.2 times, the driving unit 13 multiplies the driving current by 1.2 times and outputs the multiplied driving current to the light emitter 11, so as to enhance the intensity of the detection light; on the contrary, when the temperature is decreased to a low temperature threshold value, and the light energy compensation rate corresponding to the low temperature threshold value is 0.8, the driving unit 13 multiplies the driving current by 0.8 times and outputs the multiplied driving current to the light emitter 11, so as to decrease the intensity of the detection light.
The optical sensor 21 is used for receiving the detection light emitted by the light emitter 11, and the optical sensor 21 is a photodiode (photodiode); specifically, the light emitter 11 emits the detection light to the air, the detection light will be reflected, scattered, refracted, etc. by the opaque particles in the air to change the traveling path, and the light sensor 21 is used to receive the reflected, refracted, or scattered detection light, etc. and correspondingly generate a light sensing signal according to the received detection light energy. In this embodiment, the light emitter 11 is an infrared light emitter, but not limited thereto.
The signal processing unit 22 is electrically connected to the light sensor 21 and receives the light sensing signal, and obtains the smoke concentration corresponding to the light sensing signal according to the light sensing signal. In addition, the signal processing unit 22 further outputs a bias voltage to the photo sensor 21, wherein the bias voltage is greater than 0mV and less than 15 mV; in the embodiment, the signal processing unit 22 mainly includes a bias circuit 221 and an integrator 222, and may further include an amplifier 224 and an analog-to-digital converter 223; the bias circuit 221 is electrically connected to the photo sensor 21 and provides a bias voltage to the photo sensor 21, and the bias voltage is close to 0V, as shown in fig. 5, when the bias voltage of the photo sensor 21 is close to 0V but sufficient to activate the photo sensor 21, the reverse dark current is less sensitive to the temperature variation.
Referring to fig. 2, the circuit diagram of the bias circuit 221 and the integrator 222 IN the present embodiment is shown, the integrator 222 includes an operational amplifier OP and a capacitor C, and may further include a resistor R, the operational amplifier OP has a first input end IN1, a second input end IN2 and an output end OUT, one end of the resistor R is connected to the first input end IN1, and the capacitor C is connected across the first input end IN1 and the output end OUT; the bias circuit 221 is connected to the second input terminal IN2 of the integrator OP. The cathode of the photo sensor 21 can be directly connected to the first input IN1 of the operational amplifier OP, or connected to the first input IN1 of the integrator 222 through the resistor R, and the anode thereof is connected to the second input IN2 of the operational amplifier OP. The reverse bias voltage VB provided by the bias circuit 221 falls between more than 0mV and less than 15mV, and the bias circuit 221 provides the photo sensor 21 with a reverse bias voltage VB through the integrator 222; IN the present embodiment, the bias circuit 221 is integrated IN the integrator 222, and the voltage between the first and second input terminals IN1, IN2 of the operational amplifier OP is set to be greater than 0mV and less than 15 mV. When the photo sensor 21 receives the detection light and outputs a current, the current will not be changed due to the above-mentioned characteristics being less affected by the ambient temperature; at this time, the integrator 222 can integrate the current output by the photo sensor 21 to obtain a photo sensing signal. The light sensing signal can be directly output, or converted into a sensing value by the adc 223 and then output, or amplified by the amplifier 224 and then converted into a sensing value by the adc 223 and then output. IN addition, a voltage source may be further added between the second input terminal IN2 of the operational amplifier OP and the low potential terminal VSS of a system dc power supply as a reference voltage Vref, and the reference potential of the reverse bias voltage VB is raised upward from the low potential terminal VSS of the system dc power supply, so as to prevent noise of the low potential terminal VSS of the system dc power supply from affecting the reverse bias voltage VB.
Referring to fig. 3, a smoke sensing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention also includes an optical driving unit 10 and an optical receiving unit 20; wherein the optical driving unit 10 comprises an optical transmitter 11, a temperature sensor 12 and a driving unit 13, and the optical receiving unit 20 comprises an optical sensor 21 and a signal processing unit 22 a; the signal processing unit 22a of the present embodiment is mostly the same as the signal processing unit 22 shown in fig. 1, but the type of the integrator is different, that is, the signal processing unit 22a of the present embodiment uses a differential integrator 222 a.
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment is a circuit including the bias circuit 221 and the differential integrator 222a, wherein the differential integrator 222a includes a first integrator and a second integrator, the first integrator includes a first operational amplifier OP1 and a first capacitor C1, and may further include a first resistor R1, the first operational amplifier OP1 includes a first input terminal IN1, a second input terminal IN2 and a first output terminal OUT1, one end of the first resistor R1 may be connected to the first input terminal IN1, and the first capacitor C1 is connected between the first input terminal IN1 and the output terminal OUT 1. The second integrator includes a second operational amplifier OP2 and a second capacitor C2, and may further include a second resistor R2, the second operational amplifier OP2 includes a third input terminal IN3, a fourth input terminal IN4 and a second output terminal OUT2, one end of the second resistor R2 may be connected to the third input terminal IN3, and the second capacitor C2 is connected between the third input terminal IN3 and the second output terminal OUT 2. The first and second output terminals OUT1, OUT2 are further connected as the output terminal O/P of the smoke sensing device.
The connection relationship between the differential integrator 222a and the photo sensor 21 is as follows: the cathode and the anode of the photo-sensor 21 can be directly connected to the first input terminal IN1 of the first integrator and the third input terminal IN3 of the second integrator respectively, IN this example, the cathode of the photo-sensor 21 is connected to the other end of the first resistor R1 of the first integrator, and the anode is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2 of the second integrator. IN the embodiment, the bias circuit 221 provides a voltage difference VB1 between the first and second input terminals IN1 and IN2 of the first integrator and a voltage difference VB2 between the third and fourth input terminals IN3 and IN4 of the second integrator, the bias circuit 221 provides a reverse bias VB1-VB2 to the photo-sensor 21 through the first and second integrators, and the reverse bias VB1-VB2 falls between voffset and voffset, which is greater than 0mV and less than 15 mV. IN the embodiment, the second input terminal IN2 of the first integrator and the fourth input terminal IN4 of the second integrator are commonly connected to a reference voltage Vref, so the voltage difference VB1 between the first and second input terminals IN1, IN2 of the first integrator is the difference between the voltage of the first input terminal IN1 and the reference voltage Vref; similarly, the voltage difference VB2 between the third and fourth input terminals IN3, IN4 of the second integrator is the difference between the voltage of the third input terminal IN3 and the reference voltage Vref.
Furthermore, IN order to increase the integration time of the first and second integrators, the reference voltage Vref to which the second input terminal IN2 of the first integrator and the fourth input terminal IN4 of the second integrator are commonly connected may be VCC/2, which is half of the high voltage VCC of the system dc power supply; thus, the level of the reference voltage Vref of the reverse bias voltage of the original photo sensor 21 can be raised to a half of the high level, the level of the reference voltage Vref of the output sensing signal can also be raised to a half of the high level VCC/2, so that the differential integrator 222a can simultaneously integrate the sensing signal upwards and downwards, which is much shorter than the integration time of the integrator shown in fig. 2, and the first output terminal OUT1 of the first integrator is connected with the second output terminal OUT2 of the second integrator, which is regarded as adding the sensing signals output by the first and second integrators, so as to naturally eliminate the noise energy generated by the same noise, thereby having high capability of resisting interference.
Similarly, the sensing signal output by the present embodiment can be directly output, or converted into a sensing value by the adc 223 and then output, or amplified by the amplifier 224 and then converted into a sensing value by the adc 223 and then output.
In summary, the smoke sensing device of the present invention is mainly configured to add a temperature sensor to the optical driving unit to detect the ambient temperature of the smoke sensing device, and the driving unit adjusts the driving current to the optical transmitter according to the temperature signal output by the temperature sensor, so that the optical transmitter does not suffer from temperature changes and emits stable-energy detection light, thereby ensuring that the signal processing unit receives the detection light reflected, refracted, or scattered by the opaque particles in the air through the optical receiver, and reflecting the current correct concentration of the opaque particles. Furthermore, the invention also controls the bias voltage of the light sensor to be close to 0, so that the reverse dark current is not changed too much by the change of the environmental temperature, and the energy of the reflected, refracted or scattered detection light can be reflected, refracted or scattered really.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A smoke sensing device, comprising:
an optical driving unit, comprising:
a light emitter for emitting a detection light;
a temperature sensor for detecting temperature and outputting a temperature signal; and
the driving unit is electrically connected to the light emitter and the temperature sensor, and is used for driving the light emitter to emit the detection light, and the driving unit adjusts the size of the detection light output by the light emitter according to the temperature signal output by the temperature sensor; and
a light receiving unit, comprising:
the light sensor is used for receiving the detection light emitted by the light emitter and correspondingly generating a light sensing signal; and
and the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the light sensor, receives the light sensing signal and obtains the corresponding smoke concentration according to the light sensing signal.
2. The smoke sensing device of claim 1 wherein:
the driving unit is a current driving unit and comprises at least one group of temperature and light energy compensation rate tables, when the corresponding temperature value of the received temperature signal is judged, the light energy compensation rate corresponding to the temperature value is obtained by contrasting the temperature and light energy compensation rate tables, and then a driving current used for driving the light emitter by the current driving unit is adjusted according to the light energy compensation rate.
3. A smoke sensing device according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the signal processing unit comprises:
one input end of the integrator is electrically connected to one end of the light sensor, and the integrator is used for integrating and outputting the light sensing signal of the light sensor; and
a bias circuit electrically connected to the other input terminal of the integrator, for providing a reverse bias voltage for the photo sensor through the integrator, wherein the reverse bias voltage is greater than 0mV and less than 15 mV.
4. A smoke sensing device according to claim 3 wherein the integrator comprises:
an operational amplifier including a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal; wherein a voltage difference between the first and second input terminals is greater than 0mV and less than 15 mV; and
and the capacitor is bridged with the first input end and the output end of the operational amplifier.
5. The smoke sensing device of claim 4, wherein the integrator further comprises a resistor connected in series between the first input terminal of the operational amplifier and the cathode of the photo sensor, the anode of the photo sensor and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier being connected together to a low potential terminal of a system DC power supply.
6. The smoke sensing device of claim 5 wherein a voltage source is further provided between the second input of the operational amplifier and the low potential terminal of the system dc power supply as a reference voltage.
7. The smoke sensing device of claim 6, wherein the signal processing unit further comprises an analog-to-digital conversion circuit electrically connected to the output of the operational amplifier for converting the integrated photo sensing signal into a corresponding sensing value.
8. The smoke sensing device of claim 7 wherein the signal processing unit further comprises an amplifier connected in series between the integrator and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
9. A smoke sensing device according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the signal processing unit comprises:
a differential integrator, wherein two input ends are respectively electrically connected to two ends of the light sensor, and the light sensing signal of the light sensor is output after being integrated; and
a bias circuit electrically connected to the differential integrator, for providing a bias voltage of the photo sensor through the differential integrator, wherein the bias voltage is greater than 0mV and less than 15 mV.
10. The smoke sensing device of claim 9 wherein the differential integrator comprises:
a first integrator, including a first operational amplifier and a first capacitor; the first operational amplifier comprises a first input end, a second input end and a first output end, and the first capacitor is bridged between the first input end and the first output end; wherein the cathode of the photo sensor is connected to the first input terminal; and
a second integrator, including a second operational amplifier and a second capacitor, the second operational amplifier including a third input terminal, a fourth input terminal and a second output terminal, the second capacitor being bridged between the third input terminal and the second output terminal, the second output terminal being connected to the first output terminal; wherein the anode of the photo sensor is connected to the third input terminal.
11. The smoke sensing device of claim 10 wherein:
the first integrator further comprises a first resistor connected in series between the first input terminal and the cathode of the photo sensor; and
the second integrator further comprises a second resistor connected in series between the third input terminal and the anode of the photo sensor.
12. The smoke sensing device of claim 11 wherein:
the second input end of the first integrator and the fourth input end of the second integrator are connected to a reference voltage together, and the potential of the reference voltage is half of the high potential of the system direct current power supply.
13. The smoke sensing device of claim 10, wherein the signal processing unit further comprises:
an analog-to-digital conversion circuit electrically connected to the output ends of the first and second integrators in the differential integrator for converting an integrated sensing signal after addition into a corresponding sensing value.
14. The smoke sensing device of claim 13 wherein the signal processing unit further comprises an amplifier connected in series between the differential integrator and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
15. The smoke sensing device of claim 1; it is characterized in that:
the light emitter is an infrared light emitter; and
the light sensor is an infrared light sensor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW108126649A TWI734156B (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Smoke sensing device |
| TW108126649 | 2019-07-26 |
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| CN112304826A true CN112304826A (en) | 2021-02-02 |
| CN112304826B CN112304826B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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| CN201911038426.5A Active CN112304826B (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-29 | Smoke sensing device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115376263A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-22 | 芯翼信息科技(上海)有限公司 | Smoke sensor based on high-precision comparator and smoke detection equipment |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI734156B (en) | 2021-07-21 |
| TW202105332A (en) | 2021-02-01 |
| CN112304826B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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