CN112303646A - Multi-nozzle incineration device for recovering metal elements in solid hazardous waste, recovery method and application - Google Patents
Multi-nozzle incineration device for recovering metal elements in solid hazardous waste, recovery method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN112303646A CN112303646A CN201910712147.6A CN201910712147A CN112303646A CN 112303646 A CN112303646 A CN 112303646A CN 201910712147 A CN201910712147 A CN 201910712147A CN 112303646 A CN112303646 A CN 112303646A
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
- F23G2204/103—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of hazardous waste, and discloses a multi-nozzle incineration device for recovering metal elements in solid hazardous waste, a method for recovering metal elements in solid hazardous waste and application. This multinozzle burns device includes: the device comprises an upper shell, a lower shell and a plurality of nozzles, wherein the upper shell and the lower shell are connected in a sealing way, and the upper shell is surrounded to form a combustion chamber; a chilling chamber is formed in the lower shell, a liquid-solid discharge port is formed at the bottom of the lower shell, a cooling unit and a down pipe connected with the cooling unit are arranged at the conical bottom section, one end of the down pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber through the slag outlet, and the other end of the down pipe is communicated with the chilling chamber; the nozzle comprises a fuel nozzle and a material nozzle, the fuel nozzle is arranged on the arch top section, and the material nozzle is arranged on the straight barrel section. The invention can provide a multi-nozzle incinerator with high recovery rate of metal oxide and without secondary pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of hazardous waste, in particular to a multi-nozzle incineration device for recovering metal elements in solid hazardous waste, a method for recovering the metal elements in the solid hazardous waste by using the device and application.
Background
In recent years, the disposal of hazardous waste has become a hot topic throughout the world. Hazardous waste can cause serious environmental and ecological problems if not properly disposed. Meanwhile, most dangerous wastes contain noble metal elements, so that the method has a high recovery value. Therefore, the method has remarkable economic and social significance for correctly treating the solid hazardous waste and recovering the metal elements in the solid hazardous waste.
CN108443901A discloses a method for solidifying heavy metals in waste catalysts, which comprises the steps of grinding the waste catalysts into powder, adding a curing agent to prepare baking-free bricks, and then solidifying hazardous wastes. However, this method does not harmlessly treat hazardous waste.
CN108456781A discloses a method for recovering polymetallic solid waste by smelting in a high-temperature rotary kiln, which mixes hazardous waste and anthracite, introduces into the rotary kiln for harmless treatment, and then recovers metals by refining. Such a treatment method has the following problems: firstly, the rotary kiln has poor sealing performance and the phenomenon of pollutant escape exists; secondly, the burned product is slowly cooled in a natural cooling mode, the generation temperature interval of the dioxin is 200-500 ℃, and the combustion product generates the dioxin in the cooling process, so that the problem of secondary environmental pollution exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of incomplete harmless treatment of solid hazardous waste, secondary pollution generated in the incineration process, low metal recovery rate and the like in the prior art, and provides a multi-nozzle incineration device for recovering metal elements in the solid hazardous waste, which can avoid secondary pollution and has high metal oxide recovery rate, and a method and application for recovering the metal elements in the solid hazardous waste by using the device.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a multi-nozzle incineration apparatus for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste, comprising: the device comprises an upper shell, a lower shell and a plurality of nozzles, wherein the upper shell and the lower shell are connected in a sealing way, the upper shell is surrounded by a combustion chamber and comprises an arched top section, a straight cylinder section and a conical bottom section, two ends of the straight cylinder section are respectively connected with the arched top section and the conical bottom section, and the bottom of the conical bottom section is provided with a slag outlet; a chilling chamber is formed in the lower shell, a gas-phase outlet is formed in the side wall of the upper part of the lower shell, a liquid-solid discharge port is formed at the bottom of the lower shell, a cooling unit and a down pipe connected with the cooling unit are arranged at the conical bottom section, one end of the down pipe is communicated with the combustion chamber through the slag outlet, and the other end of the down pipe is communicated with the chilling chamber; the nozzle comprises a fuel nozzle and a material nozzle, the fuel nozzle is arranged on the arch top section, and the material nozzle is arranged on the straight barrel section.
Preferably, the nozzle comprises 1 fuel nozzle and a plurality of material nozzles, the fuel nozzle is arranged on the arch top section, and the plurality of material nozzles are oppositely arranged on the straight barrel section.
Preferably, the fuel nozzle extends into the combustion chamber, and the fuel nozzle is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel from inside to outside in sequence along the axial direction, the first channel is internally provided with an ignition gun, the second channel is used for introducing fuel, and the third channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas.
Preferably, the material nozzle extends into the combustion chamber, and the material nozzle is a first channel, a second channel and a third channel from inside to outside in sequence along the axial direction, wherein the first channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas, the second channel is used for introducing solid hazardous waste slurry, and the third channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas.
Preferably, the crown section, the straight cylinder section and the cone bottom section are provided with refractory materials, and the refractory materials sequentially comprise a heat insulation coating, a high temperature resistant layer and an abrasion-resistant layer from the inner wall of the multi-nozzle incineration device to the combustion chamber.
Preferably, the straight cylinder section is provided with a plurality of secondary air injection ports.
Preferably, a plurality of thermocouple interfaces are arranged in the combustion chamber, and the thermocouple interfaces are used for installing high-temperature thermocouples to measure and monitor the temperature in the multi-nozzle incineration device.
Preferably, the cooling unit is a quench ring for spraying a cooling medium to the material entering the downcomer.
Preferably, the height of the straight cylinder section is 2 to 10 times the diameter of the combustion chamber.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste, using the multi-nozzle incineration apparatus for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste of the present invention, characterized in that the method comprises: and spraying solid hazardous waste slurry and oxygen-enriched gas into the combustion chamber in an atomized state through the material nozzle, combusting the atomized solid hazardous waste slurry and the oxygen-enriched gas together with the fuel sprayed into the combustion chamber through the fuel nozzle to perform oxidation reaction, mixing the metal oxide and the gas generated by the oxidation reaction with water sprayed from the cooling unit at the joint of the combustion chamber and the chilling chamber, flowing to the chilling chamber along the descending pipe, and discharging the metal oxide from a liquid-solid discharge port after the metal oxide is further cooled in the chilling chamber.
Preferably, the gas generated by the oxidation reaction is cooled by the chilling chamber and then discharged through the gas phase outlet.
Preferably, the conditions of the oxidation reaction include: the reaction temperature of the combustion chamber is 1100-.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a multi-nozzle incineration device for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste according to the invention for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste.
By adopting the technical scheme, closed feeding and closed combustion can be carried out, and the escape of pollutants in the incineration process can be effectively prevented; the combustion product is rapidly reduced to below 200 ℃ by adopting a water chilling mode, so that the generation of dioxin is fundamentally avoided, and the recovery rate of metal oxide is improved; the incineration efficiency can be effectively improved by adopting a fluidization mode on the premise of meeting the retention time; the rotating equipment is few, the failure rate of the equipment is low, and the running cost can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-nozzle incineration apparatus for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a secondary injection port structure.
Description of the reference numerals
A. Slurry B containing solid hazardous waste and fuel
C. Air (or oxygen-enriched gas) D, metal oxide
E. Combusted gas
1. Fuel nozzle 2, thermocouple interface
3. Straight cylinder section 4, arch top section
5. Refractory material arch top section 6 and refractory material straight cylinder section
7. Refractory material cone bottom section 8 and combustion chamber
9. Cooling unit 10 and down pipe
11. Gas phase outlet 12, liquid solid discharge port
13. Quench chamber 16, upper shell
17. Conical bottom section 18, slag hole
19. Lower shell 20, material nozzle
21. Secondary air injection port
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a multi-nozzle incineration apparatus for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises an upper shell 16, a lower shell 19 and a plurality of nozzles which are hermetically connected, wherein the upper shell 16 surrounds to form a combustion chamber 8 and comprises an arch top section 4, a straight cylinder section 3 and a cone bottom section 17, two ends of the straight cylinder section 3 are respectively connected with the arch top section 4 and the cone bottom section 17, and the bottom of the cone bottom section 17 is provided with a slag outlet 18; a chilling chamber 13 is formed in the lower shell 19, a gas phase outlet 11 is formed in the side wall of the upper portion of the lower shell 19, a liquid-solid discharge port 12 is formed in the bottom of the lower shell, a cooling unit 9 and a down pipe 10 connected with the cooling unit 9 are arranged on the conical bottom section 17, one end of the down pipe 10 is communicated with the combustion chamber 8 through the slag outlet 18, and the other end of the down pipe is communicated with the chilling chamber 13; the nozzle comprises a fuel nozzle 1 and a material nozzle 20, wherein the fuel nozzle 1 is arranged on the arch top section 4, and the material nozzle 20 is arranged on the straight barrel section 3.
According to the invention, preferably, the nozzles comprise 1 fuel nozzle 1 and a plurality of material nozzles 20, and the fuel nozzle 1 is arranged on the dome section 4, and the plurality of material nozzles 20 are oppositely arranged on the straight barrel section 3.
The number of the material nozzles 20 is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 6, and may be 2, for example.
According to the invention, preferably, the fuel nozzle 1 extends into the combustion chamber 8, and the fuel nozzle 1 sequentially comprises a first channel, a second channel and a third channel from inside to outside along the axial direction, wherein an ignition gun is arranged in the first channel, the second channel is used for introducing fuel, and the third channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas. The fuel may be various fuels commonly used in the art, and may be, for example, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fuel oil, and the like.
According to the invention, preferably, the material nozzle 20 extends into the combustion chamber 8, and the material nozzle 20 is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel from inside to outside along the axial direction in sequence, wherein the first channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas, the second channel is used for introducing solid hazardous waste slurry, and the third channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas. By spraying the solid hazardous waste slurry in the second channel and the oxygen-enriched gas in the first channel and the third channel into the combustion chamber 8 through the material nozzle 20, the solid hazardous waste slurry and the oxygen-enriched gas can be fully mixed and exist in the form of mist in the combustion chamber 8, thereby remarkably improving the incineration efficiency.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nozzles comprise 1 fuel nozzle and 2 material nozzles 20 arranged opposite to each other in the upper part of the straight section 3.
According to the present invention, preferably, a plurality of secondary air injection ports 21 are provided on the straight cylinder section 3. Through be provided with a plurality of overgrate air injection mouths 21 on the straight section of thick bamboo 3, secondary air passes through in secondary air nozzle 21 lets in combustion chamber 8, can guarantee that the material oxidation in the combustion chamber 8 is complete, improves and burns efficiency to can satisfy on the basis of burning, oxygen content in the tail gas is makeed down as far as possible, thereby reduces among the burning process NO to reducexAnd (4) generating.
Preferably, a plurality of secondary air injection ports 21 are arranged in the middle of the straight cylinder section 3.
The number of the secondary air injection ports 21 may be, for example, 2 or more, preferably 2 to 10, and more preferably 2 to 4.
According to the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, preferably, the secondary air injection port 21 is tangential to the inner wall of the incinerator, and the secondary air enters the incinerator along the tangential line, so that the flow field in the incinerator can be effectively prevented from being damaged.
According to the present invention, the upper case 16 and the lower case 19 may be hermetically connected, and may be connected by various connection methods in the art, for example, welding, screwing, or the like, or the upper case 16 and the lower case 19 may be integrally formed.
According to the invention, preferably, the crown section 4, the straight barrel section 3 and the cone bottom section 7 are provided with refractory materials comprising a thermal insulation coating, a high temperature resistant layer and an abrasion resistant layer in sequence from the inner wall of the multi-nozzle incineration device to the combustion chamber 8. The service life of the device can be prolonged by arranging the refractory material.
In order to measure and monitor the temperature in the multi-nozzle incineration device according to the invention, it is preferred that a plurality of thermocouple connections are provided in the combustion chamber 8, which thermocouple connections are used for installing high-temperature thermocouples for measuring and monitoring the temperature in the multi-nozzle incineration device.
According to the invention, the metal oxide and the gas produced by the oxidation reaction are cooled by the cooling unit 9 at the connection of the combustion chamber 8 and the quench chamber 13, preferably the cooling unit 9 cools the metal oxide and the gas to a temperature of 200 ℃ or less. The temperature of the metal oxide and the gas is set to 200 ℃ or lower by cooling the cooling unit 9, so that generation of dioxin can be avoided, and secondary pollution can be avoided.
According to the present invention, preferably, the cooling unit 9 is a quench ring, the quench ring is used for spraying a cooling medium, preferably water, to the material entering the downcomer 10, and the cooling medium sprayed through the quench ring can rapidly cool the metal oxide and the gas to below 200 ℃, so as to avoid generation of dioxin and secondary pollution.
According to the invention, the height of the straight section 3 is preferably 2 to 10 times, preferably 3 to 9 times, more preferably 4 to 8 times the diameter of the combustion chamber 8.
According to the second aspect of the invention, the invention also provides a method for recovering metal elements in solid hazardous waste, which uses the multi-nozzle incinerator for recovering metal elements in solid hazardous waste of the invention, the method comprises injecting slurry of solid hazardous waste and oxygen-rich gas into the combustion chamber 8 through material nozzles in an atomized state, combusting the slurry and the oxygen-rich gas together with fuel injected into the combustion chamber 8 through fuel nozzles to perform oxidation reaction, mixing the metal oxides and the gas generated by the oxidation reaction with water injected from the cooling unit 9 at the joint of the combustion chamber 8 and the chilling chamber 13, flowing down the mixture to the chilling chamber 13 along the pipe 10, and discharging the metal oxides from the liquid-solid discharge port 12 after the metal oxides are further cooled in the chilling chamber 13.
The fuel according to the method of the present invention may be various fuels commonly used in the art, and may be, for example, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fuel oil, and the like.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the method further comprises: the gas generated by the oxidation reaction is cooled by the chilling chamber 13 and then discharged through the gas phase outlet 11.
According to the process of the present invention, preferably, the solid content of the solid hazardous waste slurry is 5 to 95% by weight, preferably 20 to 60% by weight.
The solid hazardous waste slurry can be prepared by mixing the solid hazardous waste with water under the action of a surfactant. That is, the solid hazardous waste slurry can be prepared by mixing and pulping the solid hazardous waste, water and surfactant. The surfactant may be at least one of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.
Examples of the cationic surfactant include: alkyl ammonium salts, amino alcohol fatty acid derivatives, polyamine fatty acid derivatives, imidazoline ammonium salt type and alkyl trimethyl ammonium salt, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium salt, pyridinium salt, alkyl isoquinoline onium salt, benzyl ethylamine and the like.
Examples of the anionic surfactant include: alkyl benzene sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, phosphate esters, and the like.
Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include: alanine, dodeca (aminoethyl) glycine, di (octylaminoethyl) glycine, and N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium betaine, and the like.
Examples of the nonionic surfactant include: fatty acid amide derivatives, polyvalent alcohol derivatives, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a solid hazardous waste slurry is prepared by mixing the solid hazardous waste with water under the action of a 40% by weight solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the solid hazardous waste is one or more of copper-containing hazardous waste, bismuth-containing hazardous waste, iron-containing hazardous waste, molybdenum-containing hazardous waste, zinc-containing hazardous waste, chromium-containing hazardous waste, beryllium-containing hazardous waste, and lead-containing hazardous waste.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the oxygen-enriched gas is a gas or a mixed gas having an oxygen content of 18 vol% or more by volume; more preferably, the oxygen-enriched gas has an oxygen content of 18-100% by volume. The oxygen-enriched gas is preferably air from the viewpoint of easy availability and cost reduction.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, the oxidation reaction conditions include: the reaction temperature of the combustion chamber is 1100-; more preferably, the conditions of the oxidation reaction include: the reaction temperature of the combustion chamber is 1100-1300 ℃, the pressure is-0.01-1 MPa, the retention time is 2-6s, and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-enriched gas is 18-30 vol%.
According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention also provides the use of the multi-nozzle incineration device for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste of the invention for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
In the following examples, the slurry containing hazardous solid wastes was prepared by mixing and pulping hazardous copper-containing wastes (waste catalysts containing copper acetylide), water and a 40 wt% sodium dodecylsulfate solution, and the slurry had a solid content of 25 wt% and a sodium dodecylsulfate content of 0.2 wt%.
Example 1
This example was carried out in a multi-nozzle incineration apparatus as shown in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes: the fuel nozzle comprises an upper shell 16, a lower shell 19, a material nozzle 20 and a fuel nozzle 1 which are hermetically connected, wherein the upper shell 16 surrounds to form a combustion chamber 8 and comprises an arch top section 4, a straight cylinder section 3 and a cone bottom section 17, two ends of the straight cylinder section 3 are respectively connected with the arch top section 4 and the cone bottom section 17, and the bottom of the cone bottom section 17 is provided with a slag outlet 18; a chilling chamber 13 is formed in the lower shell 19, a gas phase outlet 11 is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the lower shell 19, a liquid-solid discharge port 12 is arranged at the bottom of the lower shell, a cooling unit 9 (specifically, a chilling ring) and a downcomer 10 connected with the cooling unit 9 are arranged on the conical bottom section 17, one end of the downcomer 10 is communicated with the combustion chamber 8 through the slag outlet 18, and the other end of the downcomer is communicated with the chilling chamber 13; the fuel nozzle 1 is arranged on the top of the arch top section 4, and 2 material nozzles 20 are oppositely arranged on the middle upper part of the straight barrel section 3.
The fuel nozzle 1 extends into the combustion chamber 8, and the fuel nozzle is a first channel and a second channel from inside to outside in sequence along the axial direction, an ignition gun is arranged in the first channel, and fuel (specifically natural gas) is introduced into the second channel.
The material nozzle 20 extends into the combustion chamber 8, and the material nozzle is sequentially provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel from inside to outside along the axial direction, air is arranged in the first channel, the second channel is used for introducing solid hazardous waste slurry, and the third channel is used for introducing air.
The middle part of the straight cylinder section 3 is provided with 3 secondary air injection ports 21 at equal intervals, and the secondary air injection ports 21 are tangent to the inner wall of the furnace and used for secondary air to enter the combustion chamber 8 along a tangent line.
The arch top section 4, the straight cylinder section 3 and the cone bottom section 7 are provided with refractory materials, and the refractory materials sequentially comprise a heat insulation coating, a high temperature resistant layer and an abrasion-resistant layer from the inner wall of the single-nozzle incineration device to the combustion chamber 8.
The height of the straight cylinder section 3 is 4 times the diameter of the combustion chamber 8.
And a plurality of thermocouple interfaces are arranged in the combustion chamber 8, and high-temperature thermocouples are arranged on the thermocouple interfaces and used for measuring and monitoring the temperature in the multi-nozzle incineration device.
Solid hazardous waste slurry and air are sprayed into the combustion chamber 8 in an atomized state through the material nozzle 20, and are combusted together with fuel sprayed into the combustion chamber 8 through the fuel nozzle 1 to carry out oxidation reaction, metal oxide and gas generated by the oxidation reaction are mixed with water sprayed from the cooling unit 9 at the joint of the combustion chamber 8 and the chilling chamber 13 and flow to the chilling chamber 13 along the descending pipe 10, the metal oxide is further cooled to 60 ℃ in the chilling chamber 13 and then is discharged from the liquid-solid discharge port 12, and gas generated by the oxidation reaction is cooled through the chilling chamber 13 and then is discharged through the gas-phase outlet 11.
Wherein the oxidation reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature of the combustion chamber is 1100 ℃, the pressure is-0.01 MPa, the retention time is 2.5s, and the oxygen-enriched gas is air.
As a result: after the hazardous waste containing copper is treated by the method, the recovery rate of metal is 95%, and the discharged gas meets the requirement of environmental protection.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A multi-nozzle incineration apparatus for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste, characterized in that it comprises: an upper shell (16) and a lower shell (19) which are connected in a sealing way and a plurality of nozzles,
the upper shell (16) is surrounded to form a combustion chamber (8) and comprises an arch top section (4), a straight cylinder section (3) and a cone bottom section (17), two ends of the straight cylinder section (3) are respectively connected with the arch top section (4) and the cone bottom section (17), and the bottom of the cone bottom section (17) is provided with a slag outlet (18);
a chilling chamber (13) is formed in the lower shell (19), a gas phase outlet (11) is formed in the side wall of the upper portion of the lower shell (19), a liquid-solid discharge port (12) is formed in the bottom of the lower shell, a cooling unit (9) and a descending pipe (10) connected with the cooling unit (9) are arranged on the conical bottom section (17), one end of the descending pipe (10) is communicated with the combustion chamber (8) through the slag outlet (18), and the other end of the descending pipe is communicated with the chilling chamber (13);
the nozzle comprises a fuel nozzle (1) and a material nozzle (20), wherein the fuel nozzle (1) is arranged on the arch top section (4), and the material nozzle (20) is arranged on the straight barrel section (3).
2. A multi-nozzle incineration device according to claim 1, wherein the nozzles comprise 1 fuel nozzle (1) and a plurality of material nozzles (20), and the fuel nozzle (1) is arranged in the dome section (4) and the plurality of material nozzles (20) are oppositely arranged on the straight barrel section (3).
3. A multi-nozzle incineration device according to claim 2, wherein the fuel nozzle extends into the combustion chamber (8), and the fuel nozzle is provided with a first channel, a second channel and a third channel in sequence from inside to outside along the axial direction, the first channel is provided with an ignition gun, the second channel is used for introducing fuel, and the third channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas.
4. The multi-nozzle incineration device according to claim 2, wherein the material nozzle extends into the combustion chamber (8), and the material nozzle 200 sequentially comprises a first channel, a second channel and a third channel from inside to outside along the axial direction, the first channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas, the second channel is used for introducing solid hazardous waste slurry, and the third channel is used for introducing oxygen-enriched gas.
5. A multi-nozzle incineration device according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein the dome section (4), the straight barrel section (3) and the cone bottom section (7) are provided with a refractory material comprising, in order from the inner wall of the multi-nozzle incineration device to the combustion chamber (8), a thermal insulation coating, a high temperature resistant layer and a wear resistant layer.
6. A multi-nozzle incineration device according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein the straight section (3) is provided with a plurality of secondary air injection ports (21).
7. A multi-nozzle incineration device according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein a plurality of thermocouple junctions are arranged in the combustion chamber (8), the thermocouple junctions being used to install high temperature thermocouples for measuring and monitoring the temperature in the multi-nozzle incineration device.
8. A multi-nozzle incineration device according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein the cooling unit (9) is a quench ring for spraying a cooling medium to the material entering the downcomer (10).
9. A multi-nozzle incineration device according to any one of the claims 1-4, wherein the height of the straight cylinder section (3) is 2-10 times the diameter of the combustion chamber (8).
10. A method for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste using the multi-nozzle incineration apparatus for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: solid hazardous waste slurry and oxygen-enriched gas are sprayed into the combustion chamber (8) in an atomized state through a material nozzle, and are combusted together with fuel sprayed into the combustion chamber (8) through a fuel nozzle to carry out oxidation reaction, metal oxide and gas generated by the oxidation reaction are mixed with water sprayed from a cooling unit (9) at the joint of the combustion chamber (8) and a chilling chamber (13) and flow to the chilling chamber (13) along a descending pipe (10), and the metal oxide is discharged from a liquid-solid discharge port (12) after being further cooled in the chilling chamber (13).
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the gas formed by the oxidation reaction is cooled in a quench chamber (13) and discharged through a gas phase outlet (11).
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the oxidation reaction conditions comprise: the reaction temperature of the combustion chamber is 1100-.
13. Use of a multi-nozzle incineration device according to any one of the claims 1 to 9 for recovering metallic elements from solid hazardous waste.
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