CN112301243A - Efficient aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refining method - Google Patents

Efficient aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refining method Download PDF

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CN112301243A
CN112301243A CN202010992766.8A CN202010992766A CN112301243A CN 112301243 A CN112301243 A CN 112301243A CN 202010992766 A CN202010992766 A CN 202010992766A CN 112301243 A CN112301243 A CN 112301243A
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aluminum
melt
alloy
aluminum alloy
melts
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CN112301243B (en
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江鸿翔
赵九洲
张丽丽
何杰
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to a high-efficiency grain refining method for aluminum and aluminum alloy. The method comprises the following steps: 1) respectively adding aluminum or aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 680-850 ℃; 2) adding Ti accounting for 0.04-0.3 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.008-0.06 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two melts in the form of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy respectively, stirring and preserving heat for 10-30 min; 3) pouring the melt in one crucible into the other crucible to fully mix the two melts; 4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 5-60 min; 5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy ingot with small grain size. The method for refining the aluminum and aluminum alloy grains has the advantages of low cost, simple process, high grain refining efficiency, stable grain refining effect and the like.

Description

Efficient aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to a high-efficiency grain refining method for aluminum and aluminum alloy.
Background
Aluminum andthe aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, high specific strength, excellent conductivity and the like, and has great application prospects in the aspects of aerospace, traffic, electric power transportation and the like. Previous studies have shown that grain refinement of the solidification structure is critical in both cast and wrought aluminum alloys. From the perspective of alloy performance, an aluminum alloy casting formed by fine uniform equiaxial grains has high strength, high plasticity and excellent subsequent deformation processing performance; from the perspective of casting defects, the grain refinement can greatly reduce element segregation and reduce the looseness and hot cracking tendency of a casting blank, which is very important for the production of aluminum alloy cast ingots. At present, in the production process of aluminum and aluminum alloy, 0.1-1 wt% of Al-Ti-B grain refiner is added into a melt, which is a widely applied structure refining method. However, with the continuous improvement of the requirements for the material performance, the conventional refining treatment method cannot meet the production requirements of novel high-performance aluminum alloy. Researches show that the grain refining effect of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy is closely related to the size and the distribution of heterogeneous core particles in the refiner, and the refiner shows stronger grain refining capability when the size of the heterogeneous core particles is proper and the distribution is concentrated. However, the Al-Ti-B alloy is prepared by the fluoride salt reaction method in the industry at present, the reaction time of fluoride salt and aluminum melt is longer when the refiner is prepared by the method, and heterogeneous core particles TiB2Growing and nucleating continuously, and TiB in alloy2The particle size distribution is broad, which leads to TiB during the refinement process2Low utilization rate of particles and limited refining effect. In addition, there is typically some TiB in Al-Ti-B alloys with dimensions above a few microns2TiB of larger particle and size2The grain cluster is formed by refining the aluminum and aluminum alloy melt by using the refiner according to the traditional refining process, which may bring serious harm to the subsequent processing of the alloy ingot, such as surface scratch, stripe defect and the like of the aluminum and aluminum alloy sheet structural member. Therefore, the research and development of a novel efficient refining treatment method can improve the grain refining effect of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy, and has important scientific and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refining method to meet the requirement of high-quality aluminum and aluminum alloy in industrial production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an efficient method for grain refinement of aluminum and aluminum alloys comprising the steps of:
1) respectively adding the same aluminum or aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 680-850 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
2) respectively adding Ti accounting for 0.04-0.3 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.008-0.06 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the form of Al-Ti alloy or pure Ti and Al-B alloy, stirring and preserving heat for 10-30 min;
3) pouring the aluminum melt in one crucible into the other crucible to fully mix the two aluminum melts;
4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-60 min;
5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy ingot with small grain size.
The high-efficiency aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refining method comprises the step 5) of obtaining the aluminum or aluminum alloy ingot with the grain size range of 35.2-68 mu m.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
TiAl for Al-Ti-B alloy systems3And AlB2Has a solubility product significantly higher than that of TiB2The supersaturation degree of Ti and B in the melt is very high when the melt of the aluminum alloy containing Ti and B is mixed, and TiB2The particles will nucleate a lot in a short time to form TiB2The aluminum alloy melt with concentrated particle size distribution, extremely high number density and even and dispersed distribution; during the cooling and solidification process of the alloy melt, a large amount of effective heterogeneous nucleation particles exist, so that the grain refinement effect of aluminum and aluminum alloy is greatly improved.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method for refining the aluminum and the aluminum alloy grains can effectively avoid the existing grain refining process in the traditional refining processTiB2Wide particle size distribution, uneven distribution, low number density of effective nucleation particles and the like. Compared with the traditional refining treatment method, the method for refining the aluminum and the aluminum alloy grains can greatly improve the grain refining effect of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy.
2. The method for refining the aluminum and aluminum alloy grains has the advantages of low cost, simple process, high grain refining efficiency, stable grain refining effect and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grain morphology of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy treated according to the method described in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the shape of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy grains without refinement treatment.
FIG. 3 shows the grain morphology of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy treated by the conventional refining method described in comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the grain morphology of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy treated according to the method of example 5.
FIG. 5 is a pure aluminum grain morphology processed as in example 6.
Fig. 6 shows the morphology of pure aluminum grains treated by the conventional refining process of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the high-efficiency aluminum and aluminum alloy grain refining method comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively adding aluminum or aluminum alloy ingots into two crucibles, heating and melting the aluminum or aluminum alloy ingots, and heating the aluminum or aluminum alloy ingots to 680-850 ℃; then, respectively adding Ti accounting for 0.04-0.3 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.008-0.06 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the forms of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy, stirring and preserving heat for 10-30 min; then, pouring the aluminum melt in one crucible into the other crucible to fully mix the two aluminum melts; further, adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-60 min; and finally, pouring the mixed melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy ingot with small grain size.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the scope of the present invention and its application are not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, an efficient grain refinement method for aluminum and aluminum alloys includes the following steps:
(1) respectively adding 1kg of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 750 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
(2) adding Ti accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.04 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the forms of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy respectively, stirring and preserving heat for 20 min;
(3) pouring the alloy melt containing B into the alloy melt containing Ti to fully mix the two melts;
(4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 5 min; the heat preservation is carried out at specific 720 +/-20 ℃, and the effects are as follows: the size distribution of core particles in the melt is adjusted.
(5) And pouring the mixed melt into a mold, and cooling and solidifying to form an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy cast ingot.
FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy prepared by this example, which has an average grain size of about 37.6 μm, which is much smaller than that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy without refining treatment (about 1500 μm, as shown in FIG. 2) and that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy with conventional refining treatment (about 65.7 μm, and the refiner is added into the melt and is cast after heat preservation for 60min, as shown in FIG. 3).
Example 2
In this embodiment, an efficient method for refining aluminum and aluminum alloy grains includes the following steps:
(1) respectively adding 1kg of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 680 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
(2) adding Ti accounting for 0.04 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.008 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the forms of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy respectively, stirring and keeping the temperature for 20 min;
(3) pouring the alloy melt containing B into the alloy melt containing Ti to fully mix the two melts;
(4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 5 min;
(5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold, and cooling and solidifying to form an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy cast ingot.
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment has an average grain size of about 45.2 mu m, which is far smaller than that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy without thinning treatment (about 1500 mu m) and that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy with traditional thinning treatment (about 65.7 mu m).
Example 3
In this embodiment, an efficient method for refining aluminum and aluminum alloy grains includes the following steps:
(1) respectively adding 1kg of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 720 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
(2) adding Ti accounting for 0.04 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.008 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the forms of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy respectively, stirring and keeping the temperature for 10 min;
(3) pouring the alloy melt containing B into the alloy melt containing Ti to fully mix the two melts;
(4) preserving the temperature of the mixed melt at 700 +/-20 ℃ for 5 min;
(5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold, and cooling and solidifying to form an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy cast ingot.
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment has an average grain size of about 42.5 mu m, which is far smaller than that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy without thinning treatment (about 1500 mu m) and that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy with traditional thinning treatment (about 65.7 mu m).
Example 4
In this embodiment, an efficient method for refining aluminum and aluminum alloy grains includes the following steps:
(1) respectively adding 1kg of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 850 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
(2) adding Ti accounting for 0.3 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.06 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the forms of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy respectively, stirring and preserving heat for 30 min;
(3) pouring the alloy melt containing B into the alloy melt containing Ti to fully mix the two melts;
(4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 5 min;
(5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold, and cooling and solidifying to form an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy cast ingot.
The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy prepared by the embodiment has the structure morphology of about 35.2 μm, which is much smaller than the average grain size (1500 μm) of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy without thinning treatment and the average grain size (65.7 μm) of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy with traditional thinning treatment.
Example 5
In this embodiment, an efficient method for refining aluminum and aluminum alloy grains includes the following steps:
(1) respectively adding 1kg of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 750 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
(2) adding Ti accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.04 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the forms of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy respectively, stirring and preserving heat for 20 min;
(3) pouring the alloy melt containing B into the alloy melt containing Ti to fully mix the two melts;
(4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60 min;
(5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold to form an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy cast ingot.
FIG. 4 shows the microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy prepared by this example, which has an average grain size of about 44.7 μm, which is much smaller than that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy without refinement treatment (about 1500 μm, as shown in FIG. 2) and that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy with conventional refinement treatment (about 87.6 μm, and casting after the refiner is added into the melt and kept for 60 min).
Example 6
In this embodiment, an efficient grain refinement method for aluminum and aluminum alloys includes the following steps:
(1) respectively adding 1kg of industrial pure Al ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 750 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
(2) adding Ti accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.04 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the forms of Al-Ti alloy (or pure Ti) and Al-B alloy respectively, stirring and preserving heat for 20 min;
(3) pouring the alloy melt containing B into the alloy melt containing Ti to fully mix the two melts;
(4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 5 min;
(5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to form an aluminum ingot.
Fig. 5 shows the texture of the commercial purity aluminum prepared by this example, which has an average grain size of about 68 μm, which is much smaller than the average grain size (98.4 μm, as shown in fig. 6) of the commercial purity aluminum subjected to the conventional refining treatment.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, the conventional method for grain refinement of aluminum and aluminum alloys comprises the following steps:
(1) putting Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy into a crucible for melting, and heating to 720 +/-10 ℃ to form an aluminum melt;
(2) adding Al-5Ti-1B alloy accounting for 0.4 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy melt into the melt, stirring and preserving heat for 5 min;
(3) and pouring the alloy melt into a mold, and cooling and solidifying to form an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy cast ingot.
FIGS. 1 and 3 show the morphology of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys after treatment according to example 1 and comparative example 1, respectively, showing that: the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy prepared in the embodiment 1 has higher grain number density and finer grains, namely the grain refining method of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy can greatly improve the grain refining effect.
Comparative example 2
In this comparative example, the conventional method for grain refinement of aluminum and aluminum alloys comprises the following steps:
(1) putting industrial pure aluminum into a crucible for melting, and heating to 720 +/-10 ℃ to form an aluminum melt;
(2) adding Al-5Ti-1B alloy accounting for 0.4 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the melt, stirring and preserving heat for 5 min;
(3) and pouring the melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to form an aluminum ingot.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show the morphology of the commercial purity aluminum after treatment according to example 6 and comparative example 2, respectively, showing that: the industrial pure aluminum prepared in the embodiment 6 has higher grain number density and finer grains, namely the grain refining method of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy can greatly improve the grain refining effect.

Claims (2)

1. An efficient method for grain refinement of aluminum and aluminum alloys, comprising the steps of:
1) respectively adding the same aluminum or aluminum alloy ingots into the two crucibles, heating to melt and heating to 680-850 ℃ to form two aluminum melts;
2) respectively adding Ti accounting for 0.04-0.3 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt and B accounting for 0.008-0.06 percent of the weight of the aluminum melt into the two aluminum melts in the form of Al-Ti alloy or pure Ti and Al-B alloy, stirring and preserving heat for 10-30 min;
3) pouring the aluminum melt in one crucible into the other crucible to fully mix the two aluminum melts;
4) adjusting the temperature of the mixed melt to 700 +/-20 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-60 min;
5) and pouring the mixed melt into a mold, cooling and solidifying to form an aluminum or aluminum alloy ingot with small grain size.
2. The method for grain refining of aluminum and aluminum alloys with high efficiency as set forth in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the aluminum or aluminum alloy ingot obtained in the step 5) ranges from 35.2 μm to 68 μm.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114959348A (en) * 2022-06-09 2022-08-30 上海大学 High-dispersity Al-xMB 2 Preparation method and application method of refiner

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CN110195168A (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-09-03 东北大学 A kind of preparation process of Al-Ti-B grain refiners strip

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102952957A (en) * 2011-08-25 2013-03-06 金刚 Grain refiner and application of grain refiner in aluminum alloy wheel hub
CN110195168A (en) * 2019-07-12 2019-09-03 东北大学 A kind of preparation process of Al-Ti-B grain refiners strip

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114959348A (en) * 2022-06-09 2022-08-30 上海大学 High-dispersity Al-xMB 2 Preparation method and application method of refiner
CN114959348B (en) * 2022-06-09 2023-12-05 上海大学 High-dispersity Al-xMB 2 Preparation method and application method of refiner

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