CN112300909A - Device and method for increasing volume and breaking walls of cells by heating with infrared laser - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for increasing capacity and breaking wall of cells by heating with infrared laser, wherein the device for increasing capacity and breaking wall is composed of a liquid nitrogen cooling system, a pulverizer, a powder flow control valve, a vacuum system, a screw folding machine and an infrared laser excitation dryer; the materials are protected from adhesion and oxidation transmission through two times of cooling by a liquid nitrogen cooling system; the infrared laser is used for exciting the dryer to rapidly heat the moisture in the material in a non-contact way at one time and vaporize the moisture to rapidly expand the cell volume so as to break the cell volume; dehydrating through a screw stacking machine; and (5) exciting the dryer by using an infrared laser to perform secondary drying treatment to obtain a finished product. The invention is suitable for increasing the capacity and breaking the walls of plant and microbial cells, realizes the low-temperature sublimation of intracellular water, increases the capacity and breaks the walls, and has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable configuration, high wall breaking rate, rapidness, high efficiency and low energy consumption.

Description

Device and method for increasing volume and breaking walls of cells by heating with infrared laser

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant and microorganism processing, in particular to a device and a method for increasing cell capacity and breaking cell wall by infrared laser heating.

The method adopts an infrared ultrafast laser radiation heating and cooling device to realize the capacity increasing and wall breaking of the plant and the microbial cells through the selective effect of expansion with heat and contraction with cold.

Background

The plant cell wall is a compact structure mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin and other substances, protects cells against a hypotonic environment, enables the cells not to be easily broken in the hypotonic environment, and plays an important role in maintaining the inherent form. However, because of the constitution of plant cell walls, the effective components in cells are difficult to leach, and the nutrient components are low in absorption rate of human bodies when the active components are directly eaten.

The cell wall breaking technology is a superfine powder processing technology, after the wall of plant medicines (Chinese herbal medicines) is broken, effective components in cell walls are fully exposed, the release speed and the release amount of the effective components of the plants can be greatly improved, and thus the absorption rate of a human body to the effective components is greatly improved. The method has important significance in realizing high-efficiency extraction of effective components of plants by utilizing a wall breaking technology in the fields of food and pharmacy.

At present, various plant cell wall breaking technologies exist, such as a mechanical breaking method, repeated freeze thawing, ultrasonic breaking, chemical infiltration, an enzyme dissolving method and the like, but the structures and the components of cell walls of different types of cells are greatly different, and the difficulty degree of wall breaking is greatly different and difficult. For example, in the mechanical crushing method, although some materials can be crushed to a diameter of less than 50 μm, the ultrafine crushing is difficult to realize for more materials; the diameter of the plant cell is generally 20-100 mu m, so that part of the materials need to be crushed to be finer to break the wall, the power of the equipment is higher, and the energy consumption is higher. Repeated freezing and thawing, such as liquid nitrogen quenching, thermocouple heating and temperature rise, needs repeated freezing and thawing, and has long consumption time and low efficiency. Chemical methods, which typically add certain compounds, affect the range of use and are inefficient.

It has been studied that for plants or microbial cells to be processed with a water content of more than 70%, the moisture drying of the material can be achieved by means of infrared radiation. Water molecules have a large number of rotational absorption modes because the molecular flipping is accompanied by three small, discrete moments of inertia with strong dipoles. These modes cover a series of absorption lines from the near infrared to the microwave spectral energy region, which couple with the three molecular vibrational modes of water molecules, forming enhanced rotational-vibrational absorption bands, and thus have exceptional absorption capabilities in the near infrared region extending into the infrared thermal radiation region.

With the development of laser technology, a new approach is provided for infrared heating. Compared with the common resistance wire infrared heating, the infrared laser heating has the characteristics of uniform heating, high speed, low energy consumption and the like. Firstly, freezing a material to be processed at a low temperature, shrinking cell walls and enabling water in cells to be in a solid state; then infrared laser wavelength is adopted to carry out radiant heating at 980nm, 1470nm or 2940nm, water in the material directly absorbs infrared photon energy due to a rotary absorption mode with extremely strong near infrared, electron energy level transition is carried out, hydrogen bonds in water molecules are broken due to bombardment of high-energy photons, charged ions are generated, charge balance in the water molecules is destroyed, atoms generate violent movement under the action of super-strong repulsive force due to coulomb force and the like, and water existing in ice form in cells is quickly and efficiently vaporized. The water in the cells is vaporized rapidly so as to lead the internal pressure of the plant cells to be increased rapidly and the volume to be expanded, thus realizing the cell bulking; and then combine the effect of dry ice quenching, under the effect of thermal shrinkage cold swelling and low pressure intensity environment, the plant cell wall is because of can't bear the breakage of so huge pressure change, namely cell increase capacity broken wall. Therefore, it is very important to design a set of device for heating cells by infrared laser to increase volume and break walls.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a method for increasing capacity and breaking wall of cells by heating with infrared laser, wherein the device for increasing capacity and breaking wall is composed of a liquid nitrogen cooling system, a pulverizer, a powder flow control valve, a vacuum system, a screw stacking machine and an infrared laser excitation dryer; the materials are protected from adhesion and oxidation transmission through two times of cooling by a liquid nitrogen cooling system; the infrared laser is used for exciting the dryer to rapidly heat the moisture in the material in a non-contact way at one time and vaporize the moisture to rapidly expand the cell volume so as to break the cell volume; dehydrating through a screw stacking machine; and (5) exciting the dryer by using an infrared laser to perform secondary drying treatment to obtain a finished product. The invention is suitable for increasing the capacity and breaking the walls of plant and microbial cells, realizes the low-temperature sublimation of intracellular water, increases the capacity and breaks the walls, and has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable configuration, high wall breaking rate, rapidness, high efficiency and low energy consumption.

The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a device for heating cells by infrared laser to increase volume and break walls is characterized by comprising a liquid nitrogen cooling system, a pulverizer, a powder flow control valve, a vacuum system, a screw stacking machine, an infrared laser excitation dryer, a third switch valve, a fourth switch valve and a fifth switch valve;

the liquid nitrogen cooling system consists of a first conveying pipeline, a first coil pipe, a second conveying pipeline, a second coil pipe and a liquid nitrogen refrigerator;

the liquid nitrogen refrigerating machine is connected with the first coil pipe and the second coil pipe respectively;

the vacuum system consists of a vacuum pump, a first switch valve, a first vacuum tube, a second switch valve, a second vacuum tube and a three-way valve;

three pipe openings of the three-way valve are respectively connected with a vacuum pump, a first switch valve and a second switch valve, a first vacuum pipe is connected with the first switch valve, and a second vacuum pipe is connected with the second switch valve;

the infrared laser excitation dryer consists of an infrared laser, a drying box and a transmission belt;

the drying box is a box body part, and a laser seat, a vacuum pipe interface, a material inlet and a material outlet are arranged on the drying box;

the transmission belt is arranged in the drying box and is positioned between the material inlet and the material outlet; the infrared laser is arranged on a laser seat of the drying box;

the infrared laser excitation dryer comprises two parts;

the first conveying pipe, the pulverizer, the powder flow control valve of the liquid nitrogen cooling system, the second conveying pipe, the third switch valve, the first drying box, the fourth switch valve, the screw stacking machine, the fifth switch valve and the second drying box of the liquid nitrogen cooling system are sequentially connected through pipelines;

and a first vacuum tube and a second vacuum tube of the vacuum system are respectively connected with vacuum tube interfaces of the first drying box and the second drying box.

And a feeding port is arranged on a first conveying pipeline of the liquid nitrogen cooling system.

And a finished product collecting box is arranged at the material outlet of the second drying box.

A method for increasing cell volume and breaking cell wall by infrared laser heating is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) selecting materials to be processed: selecting plant or microorganism solid materials;

b) and primary low-temperature cooling: refrigerating the first conveying pipe through a refrigerator, and placing the solid material in the first conveying pipe for primary cooling treatment to form a primary frozen solid material; the temperature is as follows: -5 ℃ to-10 ℃; the duration is as follows: 10 min;

c) and mechanical crushing: selecting a pulverizer, conveying the primary frozen solid material to the pulverizer, and mechanically grinding and pulverizing the primary frozen solid material at a low temperature to form a powder material; the particle diameter is: 20-100 μm;

d) and flow control: selecting a flow control valve to control the flow of the powder material and inputting the powder material to a second material conveying pipe;

e) and secondary low-temperature cooling: carrying out secondary cooling treatment on the powder material in a second conveying pipe to form a secondary frozen solid material; the temperature is as follows: -5 ℃ to-10 ℃; the duration is as follows: 10 min;

f) and primary infrared laser irradiation: conveying the secondary frozen solid material to a first vacuum drying oven, and performing radiant heating on the secondary frozen solid material by using infrared laser to realize cell capacity increasing and form a capacity increasing material; the infrared laser pulse peak power is: 0.1 MW-0.15 MW; the wavelength is as follows: 1030 nm; the vacuum degree is as follows: 100-10000 Pa;

g) and dehydration treatment: selecting a screw stacking machine, sequentially conveying the capacity-increasing materials into the screw stacking machine for dehydration, extruding the capacity-increasing materials through a movable ring piece and a fixed ring piece, and removing water in the materials to form dehydrated materials;

h) and secondary infrared laser irradiation: conveying the dehydrated material to a second vacuum drying box, and performing vacuum irradiation drying on the dehydrated material by using infrared laser to form a finished product; the infrared laser pulse peak power is: 0.1 MW-0.15 MW; the wavelength is as follows: 1030 nm; the vacuum degree is as follows: 100 to 10000 Pa.

The invention adopts a capacity-increasing and wall-breaking device which consists of a liquid nitrogen cooling system, a pulverizer, a powder flow control valve, a vacuum system, a screw stacking machine and an infrared laser excitation dryer; the materials are protected from adhesion and oxidation transmission through two times of cooling by a liquid nitrogen cooling system; the infrared laser is used for exciting the dryer to rapidly heat the moisture in the material in a non-contact way at one time and vaporize the moisture to rapidly expand the cell volume so as to break the cell volume; dehydrating through a screw stacking machine; and (5) exciting the dryer by using an infrared laser to perform secondary drying treatment to obtain a finished product. The invention is suitable for increasing the capacity and breaking the walls of plant and microbial cells, realizes the low-temperature sublimation of intracellular water, increases the capacity and breaks the walls, and has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable configuration, high wall breaking rate, rapidness, high efficiency and low energy consumption.

The invention has the following characteristics:

a) the infrared laser is adopted to excite the dryer to perform non-contact heating, based on selective absorption of cell components to infrared laser energy, low-temperature sublimation, capacity-increasing and wall-breaking of intracellular water are achieved, the wall-breaking rate is high, and the infrared laser is rapid, efficient and low in energy consumption.

b) The applicable material wall breaking range is wide, the material can be fruits and vegetables, plant roots and leaves, Chinese herbal medicines or microorganism raw materials and the like, the material moisture is not limited, the higher the moisture is, the quicker the wall breaking is realized, and the effect is better.

c) The application effect is good, the wall breaking rate of most Chinese herbal medicines is good, the wall breaking rate can generally reach more than 95%, the original bioactive components are retained, the release speed and the release amount of the effective components are improved, the drug effect is improved, heat-sensitive bioactive components and various nutritional components are favorably retained, and the problem of wall breaking of the cells of the Chinese herbal medicines is well solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an infrared laser excited dryer according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the device of the invention comprises a liquid nitrogen cooling system 1, a pulverizer 2, a powder flow control valve 3, a vacuum system 4, a screw overlapping machine 5, an infrared laser excitation dryer 6, a third switch valve 7, a fourth switch valve 8 and a fifth switch valve 9;

the liquid nitrogen cooling system 1 is composed of a first feed delivery pipe 11, a first coil pipe 12, a second feed delivery pipe 13, a second coil pipe 14 and a liquid nitrogen refrigerator 15;

the first coil pipe 12 is wound on the outer side of the first conveying pipe 11, the second coil pipe 14 is wound on the outer side of the second conveying pipe 13, and the liquid nitrogen refrigerator 15 is respectively connected with the first coil pipe 12 and the second coil pipe 14;

the vacuum system 4 is composed of a vacuum pump 41, a first switch valve 42, a first vacuum tube 43, a second switch valve 44, a second vacuum tube 45 and a three-way valve 46;

three pipe openings of the three-way valve 46 are respectively connected with the vacuum pump 41, the first switch valve 42 and the second switch valve 44, the first vacuum pipe 43 is connected with the first switch valve 42, and the second vacuum pipe 45 is connected with the second switch valve 44;

the infrared laser excitation dryer 6 is composed of an infrared laser 61, a drying box 62 and a transmission belt 63;

the drying box 62 is a box body part, and is provided with a laser seat 624, a vacuum tube interface 621, a material inlet 622 and a material outlet 623;

the conveying belt 63 is arranged in the drying box 62 and is positioned between the material inlet 622 and the material outlet 623; the infrared laser 61 is arranged on the laser seat 624 of the drying box 62;

the infrared laser excitation dryer 6 comprises two pieces;

the first delivery pipe 11 of the liquid nitrogen cooling system 1, the pulverizer 2, the powder flow control valve 3, the second delivery pipe 13 of the liquid nitrogen cooling system 1, the third on-off valve 7, the first drying box 62, the fourth on-off valve 8, the screw stacking machine 5, the fifth on-off valve 9 and the second drying box 62 are sequentially connected through pipelines;

the first vacuum tube 43 and the second vacuum tube 45 of the vacuum system 4 are connected to the vacuum tube interfaces 621 of the first drying box 62 and the second drying box 62, respectively.

Referring to fig. 1, a feeding port 111 is arranged on the first feeding pipe 11 of the liquid nitrogen cooling system 1.

Referring to fig. 1, the material outlet 623 of the second drying box 62 is provided with a finished product collection box 625.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the method of the present invention implemented by the apparatus of the present invention comprises the following steps:

a) selecting materials to be processed: selecting fresh sheet rhodiola material;

b) and primary low-temperature cooling: refrigerating the first conveying pipe 11 through a refrigerator, conveying the rhodiola rosea material into the first conveying pipe 11 for primary cooling treatment, and completely freezing and solidifying water in cells of the rhodiola rosea material to form a primary frozen solid material; the temperature is as follows: -9 ℃; the duration is as follows: 10 min; the frozen solid material is convenient for further mechanical crushing so as to obtain better mechanical crushing effect;

c) and mechanical crushing: selecting a pulverizer 2, conveying the once-frozen solid material to the pulverizer 2, and mechanically grinding and pulverizing the once-frozen solid material at a low temperature to form a powder material; the particle diameter is: 20-100 μm;

d) and flow control: a powder flow control valve 3 is selected to control the flow of the powder material and input the powder material to a second material conveying pipe 13 of the liquid nitrogen cooling system 1; the flow rate is controlled by the powder flow control valve 3, so that the powder material with a larger surface area is conveyed to the second conveying pipe 13 in the conveying process;

e) and secondary low-temperature cooling: carrying out secondary cooling treatment on the powder material in the second conveying pipe 13 to form secondary frozen solid material; at this time, the cell wall of the powder material shrinks, and the water in the cell is cooled to be solid ice; the temperature is as follows: -9 ℃; the duration is as follows: 10 min;

f) and primary infrared laser irradiation: conveying the secondarily frozen solid material to a first vacuum drying box 62, starting a vacuum pump 41 of a vacuum system 4, opening a first switch valve 42, vacuumizing the first drying box 62 through a first vacuum tube 43, and performing radiation heating on the secondarily frozen solid material by infrared laser to realize cell compatibilization to form a compatibilized material; the infrared laser pulse peak power is: 0.15 MW; the wavelength is as follows: 1030 nm; the vacuum degree is as follows: 8000 Pa;

a conveying belt is arranged in the first drying box 62, the compatibilization material moves slowly on the conveying belt, and in order to ensure effective irradiation and penetration of the infrared laser and increase the action area of the infrared laser relative to the compatibilization material, the accumulation thickness of the compatibilization material on the conveying belt is controlled to be 4-5 mm; because the infrared laser carries out infrared laser radiation heating on the capacity-increasing material, the material has a very strong rotation absorption mode for near-infrared laser to directly absorb infrared photon energy, electron energy level transition and bombardment of high-energy photons are carried out, hydrogen bonds in water molecules are broken, charged ions are generated, and the charge balance in the water molecules is destroyed; under the action of the repulsion of the super coulomb force, violent movement is generated, so that water existing in the cells in the form of ice is sublimated quickly and efficiently, the vaporization volume of the water expands to quickly raise the internal pressure of the plant cells, the cell compatibilization is realized, and the rhodiola root compatibilization material is formed;

g) and dehydration treatment: opening a fourth switch valve 8, conveying the rhodiola rosea compatibilized material into a screw stacking machine 5 for dehydration through a conveying belt 63 of a first drying box 62, extruding the compatibilized material through a movable ring piece and a fixed ring piece, and removing water in the material to form the rhodiola rosea dehydrated material;

h) and secondary infrared laser irradiation: opening a second switch valve 44 of the vacuum system 4, and vacuumizing the second drying box 62 through a second vacuum pipe 45; the absolute vacuum degree is: 8000 Pa;

turning on the infrared laser 61 in the second drying oven 62; the pulse peak power is: 0.10 MW; the wavelength is as follows: 1030 nm;

and (3) opening a fifth switch valve 9, enabling the rhodiola rosea dehydrated materials to enter a conveying belt 63 in a second drying box 62 from the screw stacking machine 5 to move slowly, carrying out infrared laser radiation heating and irradiation excitation drying on the dehydrated materials by using an infrared laser 61 to form finished products, and conveying the finished products to a finished product collecting box from the conveying belt 63 in the second drying box 62 through a material outlet 623.

Analyzing components before and after wall breaking of radix Rhodiolae

1) And analyzing the granularity of the rhodiola rosea sample subjected to compatibilization and wall breaking in the application example, and analyzing the particle diameter data by adopting an Shimadzu SALD-2300 granularity analyzer, wherein the component with the granularity of less than 50um accounts for 98%.

2) And the dissolution rate of effective substances of the wall-broken powder of the rhodiola rosea and the raw materials before wall breaking in the application example is contrastively analyzed, and the results show that: the dissolution content of the effective substances in the wall-broken powder is higher than that of the raw materials before wall breaking.

3) And analyzing HPLC fingerprint spectrums of the rhodiola rosea wall-breaking powder and the raw materials before wall breaking in the application example, wherein the results show that the similarity of the fingerprint spectrums after wall breaking and before wall breaking is 0.8-0.99, the correlation of each main component is good, and the raw materials show that the components in the medicinal materials are highly consistent before and after the wall breaking process treatment.

Claims (4)

1. An infrared laser heating cell capacity increasing and wall breaking device is characterized by comprising a liquid nitrogen cooling system (1), a pulverizer (2), a powder flow control valve (3), a vacuum system (4), a spiral shell stacking machine (5), an infrared laser excitation dryer (6), a third switch valve (7), a fourth switch valve (8) and a fifth switch valve (9);

the liquid nitrogen cooling system (1) is composed of a first conveying pipe (11), a first coil pipe (12), a second conveying pipe (13), a second coil pipe (14) and a liquid nitrogen refrigerator (15);

the first coil pipe (12) is wound on the outer side of the first conveying pipe (11), the second coil pipe (14) is wound on the outer side of the second conveying pipe (13), and the liquid nitrogen refrigerating machine (15) is connected with the first coil pipe (12) and the second coil pipe (14) respectively;

the vacuum system (4) is composed of a vacuum pump (41), a first switch valve (42), a first vacuum tube (43), a second switch valve (44), a second vacuum tube (45) and a three-way valve (46);

three pipe openings of the three-way valve (46) are respectively connected with the vacuum pump (41), the first switch valve (42) and the second switch valve (44), the first vacuum pipe (43) is connected with the first switch valve (42), and the second vacuum pipe (45) is connected with the second switch valve (44);

the infrared laser excitation dryer (6) is composed of an infrared laser (61), a drying box (62) and a transmission belt (63);

the drying box (62) is a box body part, and a laser seat (624), a vacuum tube interface (621), a material inlet (622) and a material outlet (623) are arranged on the drying box;

the conveying belt (63) is arranged in the drying box (62) and is positioned between the material inlet (622) and the material outlet (623); the infrared laser (61) is arranged on a laser seat (624) of the drying box (62);

the infrared laser excitation dryer (6) comprises two pieces;

the first conveying pipe (11) of the liquid nitrogen cooling system (1), the pulverizer (2), the powder flow control valve (3), the second conveying pipe (13) of the liquid nitrogen cooling system (1), the third switch valve (7), the first drying box (62), the fourth switch valve (8), the spiral shell stacking machine (5), the fifth switch valve (9) and the second drying box (62) are sequentially connected through pipelines;

and a first vacuum tube (43) and a second vacuum tube (45) of the vacuum system (4) are respectively connected with vacuum tube interfaces (621) of the first drying box (62) and the second drying box (62).

2. The device for increasing cell volume and breaking cell wall by infrared laser heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein a feeding port (111) is provided on the first feeding pipe (11) of the liquid nitrogen cooling system (1).

3. The device for increasing cell volume and breaking cell wall through infrared laser heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material outlet (623) of the second drying oven (62) is provided with a finished product collection box (625).

4. A method for increasing cell volume and breaking cell wall by infrared laser heating is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) selecting materials to be processed: selecting plant or microorganism solid materials;

b) and primary low-temperature cooling: refrigerating the first conveying pipe through a refrigerator, and placing the solid material in the first conveying pipe for primary cooling treatment to form a primary frozen solid material; the temperature is as follows: -5 ℃ to-10 ℃; the duration is as follows: 10 min;

c) and mechanical crushing: selecting a pulverizer, conveying the primary frozen solid material to the pulverizer, and mechanically grinding and pulverizing the primary frozen solid material at a low temperature to form a powder material; the particle diameter is: 20-100 μm;

d) and flow control: selecting a powder flow control valve to control the flow of the powder material and inputting the powder material to a second material conveying pipe;

e) and secondary low-temperature cooling: carrying out secondary cooling treatment on the powder material in a second conveying pipe to form a secondary frozen solid material; the temperature is as follows: -5 ℃ to-10 ℃; the duration is as follows: 10 min;

f) and primary infrared laser irradiation: conveying the secondary frozen solid material to a first vacuum drying oven, and performing radiant heating on the secondary frozen solid material by using infrared laser to realize cell capacity increasing and form a capacity increasing material; the infrared laser pulse peak power is: 0.1 MW-0.15 MW; the wavelength is as follows: 1030 nm; the vacuum degree is as follows: 100-10000 Pa;

g) and dehydration treatment: selecting a screw stacking machine, sequentially conveying the capacity-increasing materials into the screw stacking machine for dehydration, extruding the capacity-increasing materials through a movable ring piece and a fixed ring piece, and removing water in the materials to form dehydrated materials;

h) and secondary infrared laser irradiation: conveying the dehydrated material to a second vacuum drying box, and performing vacuum irradiation drying on the dehydrated material by using infrared laser to form a finished product; the infrared laser pulse peak power is: 0.1 MW-0.15 MW; the wavelength is as follows: 1030 nm; the vacuum degree is as follows: 100 to 10000 Pa.

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