CN112296508B - Laser automatic processing platform - Google Patents
Laser automatic processing platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN112296508B CN112296508B CN202011201625.6A CN202011201625A CN112296508B CN 112296508 B CN112296508 B CN 112296508B CN 202011201625 A CN202011201625 A CN 202011201625A CN 112296508 B CN112296508 B CN 112296508B
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 33
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011949 advanced processing technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种激光自动加工平台,主要由空间调节装置、激光加工头回转装置、平台支撑装置、监测控制系统组成；激光加工头回转装置包括转接板、激光加工头；转接板与所述的空间调节装置中的Z轴滑座连接；监测控制系统包括激光同轴CCD摄像机、高速摄像机；激光同轴CCD摄像机与激光加工头连接；高速摄像机固定在所述平台支撑装置一侧；本发明所述的激光自动加工平台可以利用一台激光器实现加工过程中最多四种激光加工头的自动切换，减少了人工更换激光加工头的繁琐，可以在一个平台上同时实现激光焊接、切割、熔覆、喷丸等多种激光加工操作，具有很好的集成性与经济性；具有很好的高效性与灵活性；具有很好的安全性与精确性。
The invention discloses a laser automatic processing platform, which is mainly composed of a space adjustment device, a laser processing head rotation device, a platform support device and a monitoring and control system; the laser processing head rotation device comprises an adapter plate and a laser processing head; the adapter plate and the The Z-axis slide in the space adjustment device is connected; the monitoring and control system includes a laser coaxial CCD camera and a high-speed camera; the laser coaxial CCD camera is connected with the laser processing head; the high-speed camera is fixed on one side of the platform support device; The laser automatic processing platform of the present invention can use one laser to realize the automatic switching of up to four laser processing heads in the processing process, which reduces the tediousness of manually replacing the laser processing heads, and can realize laser welding, cutting, Various laser processing operations such as cladding and shot peening have good integration and economy; good efficiency and flexibility; good safety and accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device applied to the field of laser processing, in particular to a processing platform which can automatically realize operations such as welding, cutting, cladding, shot blasting and the like on materials by utilizing one laser on the premise of not manually replacing a laser processing head.
Background
With the development of science and technology, laser processing is widely applied to national economic important departments such as automobiles, electronics, electrical appliances, aviation, metallurgy, mechanical manufacturing and the like as an advanced manufacturing technology, and the advanced processing technologies such as laser welding, cutting, cladding, punching, shot blasting and the like in laser processing have great advantages compared with the traditional processing technology. Plays an increasingly important role in improving the product quality, improving the labor productivity, reducing the environmental pollution, reducing the material consumption and the like.
The laser device is with high costs, and a laser device often matches different laser beam machining head and processes, needs the manual laser beam machining head of changing in actual integrated production and experiment, influences efficiency, precision and life. At present, platform equipment capable of automatically replacing the laser processing head is not available in China. Therefore, the testing device and the testing method which can carry out various laser processing operations on the platform by using one laser only through computer control without manually replacing the laser processing head have good practicability and economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that an integrated processing test device capable of automatically realizing operations such as welding, cutting, cladding, shot blasting and the like on a material by using a laser without manually replacing a laser processing head is absent at present, and provides an automatic switching and a specific test operation method of the laser processing head controlled by a computer program without manually replacing the laser processing head.
The technical scheme of the invention is described as follows by combining the attached drawings:
an automatic laser processing platform mainly comprises a space adjusting device, a laser processing head rotating device, a platform supporting device and a monitoring control system;
the laser processing head rotating device comprises an adapter plate 5 and a laser processing head 11;
the adapter plate 5 is connected with a Z-axis sliding seat 28 in the space adjusting device;
the monitoring control system comprises a laser coaxial CCD camera and a high-speed camera 13;
the laser coaxial CCD camera is connected with the laser processing head;
the high speed camera 13 is fixed to one side of the platform support means.
The space adjusting device in the technical scheme comprises an XYZ three-axis servo motor, a ball screw, a screw nut, a guide rail, a slide block, a slide seat and a bottom plate;
bearing seat fixed bearings are installed at two ends of the ball screw, the servo motor is provided with a brake and drives the ball screw through the planetary vein reducer, a screw nut is connected with a sliding seat through a bolt, the sliding block is installed on the guide rail, and the sliding seat is fixed on the screw nut and the sliding block.
The laser processing head rotating device in the technical scheme further comprises a rotating motor 35, a rotating motor protective cover 4, a coupler D6, a rotating shaft 7, a fixing rod 9, a rotating shaft mounting disc 8, a processing shaft bottom plate 36, a processing shaft motor 10, a processing shaft lead screw 38, a processing shaft coupler 37, a processing shaft lead screw nut 39 and a processing shaft sliding seat 40;
the adapter plate 5 and the rotary motor protective cover 4 are connected with the bolts at the reinforcing ribs through bolts at the bottom, the stability is improved through the reinforcing ribs, the rotary motor 35 is fixed on the rotary motor protective cover 4 through the bolts, the rotary motor 35 is connected with the rotary shaft 7 through the coupler D6, the rotary shaft 7 is fixed with the rotary mounting disc 8, the rotary mounting disc 8 is driven to rotate through the rotary shaft 7, and the fixed rod 9 is connected with the rotary shaft mounting disc 8 through the bolts to fix and position the rotary shaft mounting disc 8;
the processing shaft bottom plate 36 is connected with the revolving shaft mounting disc 8 through bolts, the processing shaft motor 10 is fixed on the processing shaft bottom plate 36 and is connected with the processing shaft screw 38 through a processing shaft coupler 37, the processing shaft screw 38 is connected with the processing shaft sliding seat 40 through a processing shaft screw nut 39 and a bolt, and the laser processing head 11 is fixed on the processing shaft sliding seat 40 through a bolt at a circular groove.
The platform supporting device in the technical scheme comprises a processing platform 12, a portal column 42, a platform bracket 14, a platform motor 43, a platform motor coupler 44, a platform lead screw 49, a platform lead screw nut 45, a platform guide rail 46, a platform sliding block 47 and a platform sliding seat 48;
the machining platform 12 is connected with a platform lead screw nut 45 and a platform sliding block 47 through bolts, a platform motor 43 is connected with a platform lead screw 49 and the platform lead screw nut 45 through a platform coupling 44, the platform sliding block 47 is fixed on a platform guide rail 46, the platform guide rail 46 is fixed on a platform sliding seat 48, the platform sliding seat 48 and the platform motor 43 are both connected with the platform support 14 through bolts, and the platform support 14 and the Y machining shaft are fixed on a portal column 42 through bolts.
The monitoring control system in the technical scheme also comprises a laser control cabinet 15, a PC computer 17 and a straightness sensor 50;
the straightness sensor 50 is arranged on the adapter plate 5;
the laser control cabinet 15 comprises an industrial personal computer, a programmable controller, a laser controller and a servo driver;
the industrial personal computer can send instructions to control the programmable controller to drive the laser controller to realize the adjustment and setting of laser parameters;
the PC computer 17 is connected to the programmable controller of the laser control cabinet 15.
The XYZ three-axis servo motor comprises an X-axis motor 3, a Y-axis motor 2 and a Z-axis motor 1, and the XYZ three-axis servo motor is respectively connected with an X-axis lead screw 18, a Y-axis lead screw 19 and a Z-axis lead screw 20 through a coupler A21, a coupler B22 and a coupler C23;
the X-axis lead screw 18, the Y-axis lead screw 19 and the Z-axis lead screw 20 are fixed with a lead screw nut 25 through a bearing seat 24, and the XYZ three-axis lead screw nut is respectively connected with an X-axis sliding seat 26, a Y-axis sliding seat 27 and a Z-axis sliding seat 28 through bolts;
the X-axis slide block 29, the Y-axis slide block 30 and the Z-axis slide block 31 are respectively installed on an X-axis guide rail 32, a Y-axis guide rail 33 and a Z-axis guide rail 34, and the XYZ-axis slide block is respectively connected with the X-axis slide seat 26, the Y-axis slide seat 27 and the Z-axis slide seat 28 through bolts.
The Z-axis sliding seat 28 is connected with the adapter plate 5, the X-axis sliding seat 26 is connected with the Z-axis bottom plate 53, the Y-axis sliding seat 27 is connected with the X-axis bottom plate 51, and the Y-axis bottom plate is fixed on the portal column 42.
According to the technical scheme, the laser processing head 11 is provided with infrared indicating laser, the programmable controller is connected with the laser controller, the programmable controller is connected with the servo driver in the descending direction to control each servo motor of the processing platform, and multi-axis linkage of the whole processing platform is realized by controlling the X-axis motor 3, the Y-axis motor 2, the Z-axis motor 1 and the platform motor 43; the switching of different types of laser processing heads is realized by controlling the rotary motor 35; by controlling the processing shaft motor 10, the upper defocusing amount and the lower defocusing amount of the laser processing head can be accurately adjusted.
The high-speed camera 13 is fixed on one side of the processing platform 12 through a tripod.
In the technical scheme, the laser control cabinet 15 further comprises a manual control box 16, and the manual control box 16 is installed at the lower end of an industrial personal computer.
In the technical scheme, the number of the laser coaxial CCD cameras is four, and the number of the laser processing heads is four, namely welding, cutting, cladding and shot blasting laser processing heads.
A use method of an automatic laser processing platform device comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the requirement of the machining process, the laser machining head 11 on the machining shaft sliding seat 40 is replaced, at most four different types of laser machining heads can be configured, and the laser incidence angle of the laser machining head 11 is adjusted by adjusting the position of a bolt at the position of a rear circular groove;
step 2: fixing a workpiece to be machined on the machining platform 12, fixing the workpiece by a special fixture, adjusting the movement of each axis by the manual control box 16, adjusting the laser machining head 11 which works firstly to the machining initial position of the workpiece as a machining original point, and storing the original point position on the manual control box 16;
and step 3: setting parameters of laser processing, such as laser welding power, laser cutting power, pulse frequency and the like, on an industrial personal computer of the control cabinet 15;
and 4, step 4: the processing flow is set through the programming software on the PC 17, and the automatic switching of four laser processing heads in the processing process is realized through the six-axis linkage of an X processing axis, a Y processing axis, a Z processing axis, a revolving axis, a processing axis and a platform moving axis, so that the automatic integrated laser processing process in the whole space is carried out;
and 5: a processing program programmed on a PC (personal computer) 17 is read through a manual control box 16, and the teaching of the whole processing project is carried out through infrared indication laser emitted by a laser processing head 11, so that the accuracy of the processing process is ensured;
step 6: closing the teaching function, opening the high-speed camera 13 and the laser coaxial CCD camera 41, reading a processing program on the PC computer 17 through the manual control box 16 to formally start the processing process, observing the processing state of the surface of the workpiece and the shape of the laser plasma through the PC computer 17, and storing and analyzing picture and video information;
and 7: after the machining is finished, all the shafts of the machining platform automatically return to the original point position, in order to prevent misoperation from causing the laser to be ejected again, the industrial personal computer and the manual control box can enter a temporary locking state, and when the next machining is started, manual unlocking is needed again;
the technical scheme shows that the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the automatic laser processing platform can utilize one laser to realize automatic switching of at most four laser processing heads in the processing process, reduces the complexity of manual replacement of the laser processing heads, can simultaneously realize various laser processing operations such as laser welding, cutting, cladding, shot blasting and the like on one platform, and has good integration and economy;
2. the automatic laser processing platform can realize six-axis linkage of an X axis, a Y axis, a Z axis, a platform moving axis, a rotating axis and a processing axis, flexibly realizes various laser processing processes in a space through a computer programming processing program, and has good efficiency and flexibility;
3. according to the automatic laser processing platform, the manual control box is inserted into a processing original point, the manual control box reads a processing program for teaching, so that the processing process is more convenient and accurate, after the processing is finished, temporary locking programs are added on the industrial personal computer and the manual control box, meanwhile, a sensor on the adapter plate can monitor the straightness of the industrial personal computer and the manual control box in real time, corresponding error compensation is carried out during defocusing amount adjustment, and the automatic laser processing platform has good safety and accuracy;
drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is an axonometric projection of the whole laser automatic processing platform.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the space adjusting device of the laser automatic processing platform.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of the laser processing head turning device of the automatic laser processing platform.
Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the supporting device of the laser automatic processing platform.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring and controlling system of the laser automatic processing platform.
Fig. 6 shows a specific implementation step of the method for using the laser automatic processing platform.
In the figure:
1, Z-axis motor, 2, Y-axis motor, 3, X-axis motor, 4, rotary motor protective cover, 5, adapter plate, 6, coupler D, 7, rotary shaft, 8, rotary shaft mounting disc, 9, fixing rod, 10, processing shaft motor, 11, laser processing head, 12, processing platform, 13, high-speed camera, 14, platform support, 15, laser control cabinet, 16, manual control box, 17, PC computer, 18, X-axis lead screw, 19, Y-axis lead screw, 20, Z-axis lead screw, 21, coupler A, 22, coupler B, 23, coupler C, 24, bearing seat, 25, lead screw nut, 26, X-axis slide seat, 27, Y-axis slide seat, 28, Z-axis slide seat, 29, X-axis slide block, 30, Y-axis slide block, 31, Z-axis slide block, 32, X-axis guide rail, 33, Y-axis guide rail, 34, Z-axis guide rail, 35, rotary motor, 36, processing shaft base plate, 37, processing shaft coupler, 38, processing shaft lead screw, 39. the automatic laser machining device comprises a machining shaft lead screw nut, 40 machining shaft sliding seats, 41 laser coaxial CCD cameras, 42 portal columns, 43 platform motors, 44 platform motor couplers, 45 platform lead screw nuts, 46 platform guide rails, 47 platform sliding blocks, 48 platform sliding seats, 49 platform lead screws, 50 straightness sensors, 51X-axis bottom plates, 52Y-axis bottom plates and 53. Z-axis bottom plates.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the laser automatic processing platform and the use method mainly comprise two parts, namely a laser automatic processing platform structure part and a specific use method part of the automatic processing platform.
An automatic laser processing platform mainly comprises a space adjusting device, a laser processing head rotating device, a platform supporting device and a monitoring control system.
The space adjusting device comprises an XYZ triaxial servo motor, a ball screw, a screw nut, a guide rail, a slide block, a slide seat and a bottom plate;
bearing seat fixing bearings are arranged at two ends of the ball screw, in order to ensure stable operation, a servo motor is provided with a brake and drives the ball screw through a planetary vein reducer, a screw nut is connected with a sliding seat through a bolt, a sliding block is arranged on a guide rail, a Z-axis sliding seat 28 is connected with an adapter plate 5, and an X-axis bottom plate 51, a Y-axis bottom plate 52 and a Z-axis bottom plate 53 are arranged on the bottom plates; the X-axis sliding seat 26 is connected with a Z-axis bottom plate 53, the Y-axis sliding seat 27 is connected with an X-axis bottom plate 51 in the same way, the Y-axis bottom plate is fixed on the portal column 42, the servo motors of all axes respectively drive the lead screws of all axes to rotate during working, the lead screws rotate to drive the sliding seats connected with the bolts to move, and finally, three-axis space adjustment can be realized.
The laser processing head rotating device comprises an adapter plate 5, a rotating motor 35, a rotating motor protective cover 4, a coupler D6, a rotating shaft 7, a fixing rod 9, a rotating shaft mounting disc 8, a processing shaft bottom plate 36, a processing shaft motor 10, a processing shaft lead screw 38, a processing shaft coupler 37, a processing shaft lead screw nut 39, a processing shaft sliding seat 40 and a laser processing head 11;
the platform supporting device comprises a processing platform 12, a portal column 42, a platform bracket 14, a platform motor 43, a platform motor coupler 44, a platform lead screw 49, a platform lead screw nut 45, a platform guide rail 46, a platform sliding block 47 and a platform sliding seat 48;
the machining platform 12 is connected with a platform lead screw nut 45 and a platform sliding block 47 through bolts, a platform motor 43 is connected with a platform lead screw 49 and the platform lead screw nut 45 through a platform coupling 44, the platform sliding block 47 is fixed on a platform guide rail 46, the platform guide rail 46 is fixed on a platform sliding seat 48, the platform sliding seat 48 and the platform motor 43 are both connected with the platform support 14 through bolts, and the platform support 14 and the Y machining shaft are fixed on a portal column 42 through bolts;
the monitoring control system comprises a laser coaxial CCD camera 41, a high-speed camera 13, a laser control cabinet 15, a PC computer 17 and a straightness sensor 50;
the four laser coaxial CCD cameras 41 are respectively in threaded connection with the four laser processing heads 11 of welding, cutting, cladding and shot blasting and are used for observing the material surface change process in the laser processing process;
the high-speed camera 13 is fixed on one side of the processing platform 12 through a tripod and is used for observing the form change of plasma in the laser processing process;
the laser control cabinet 15 comprises an industrial personal computer, a manual control box 16, a programmable controller, a laser controller and a servo driver;
the industrial personal computer can send instructions to control the programmable controller to drive the laser controller to realize the adjustment and setting of laser parameters;
the manual control box 16 is arranged at the lower end of the industrial personal computer, and a programmable controller can be conveniently controlled through the manual control box 16, so that the servo driver is controlled to control the movement of each shaft of the platform;
the PC computer 17 is connected with a programmable controller of the laser control cabinet 15, writes an automatic motion program of the processing platform through software, drives a servo driver to realize the integrated operation of laser processing, displays the image and video information of the camera through a display screen, and automatically stores and processes the image and video information through the software.
The servo motor comprises an X-axis motor 3, a Y-axis motor 2 and a Z-axis motor 1, and the XYZ three-axis servo motor is respectively connected with an X-axis lead screw 18, a Y-axis lead screw 19 and a Z-axis lead screw 20 through a coupler A21, a coupler B22 and a coupler C23;
the X-axis lead screw 18, the Y-axis lead screw 19 and the Z-axis lead screw 20 are fixed with a lead screw nut 25 through a bearing seat 24, and the XYZ three-axis lead screw nut is respectively connected with an X-axis sliding seat 26, a Y-axis sliding seat 27 and a Z-axis sliding seat 28 through bolts;
the X-axis slide block 29, the Y-axis slide block 30 and the Z-axis slide block 31 are respectively arranged on an X-axis guide rail 32, a Y-axis guide rail 33 and a Z-axis guide rail 34, and the XYZ-axis slide block is respectively connected with the X-axis slide seat 26, the Y-axis slide seat 27 and the Z-axis slide seat 28 through bolts;
in the technical scheme, the adapter plate 5 is connected with the Z-axis sliding seat 28 through a bolt, the adapter plate 5 is connected with the rotary motor protective cover 4 through a bolt at the bottom of the rotary motor protective cover 4 and a reinforcing rib, the stability is improved through the reinforcing rib, a straightness sensor 50 is arranged on the adapter plate and used for monitoring the straightness of the adapter plate and feeding back the straightness to a controller to automatically perform error compensation of defocusing amount, the rotary motor 35 is fixed on the rotary motor protective cover 4 through a bolt, the rotary motor 35 is connected with the rotary shaft 7 through a coupler D6, the rotary shaft 7 is fixed with the rotary mounting disc 8 and drives the rotary mounting disc 8 to rotate through the rotary shaft 7, and the fixed rod 9 is connected with the rotary shaft mounting disc 8 through a bolt and plays roles in fixing and positioning the rotary shaft mounting disc 8;
the processing shaft bottom plate 36 is connected with the revolving shaft mounting disc 8 through bolts, the processing shaft motor 10 is fixed on the processing shaft bottom plate 36 and is connected with a processing shaft screw 38 through a processing shaft coupler 37, the processing shaft screw 38 is connected with a processing shaft sliding seat 40 through a processing shaft screw nut 39 and a bolt, the laser processing head 11 with four different functions of welding, cutting, cladding and shot blasting required for processing is fixed on the processing shaft sliding seat 40 through the bolt at the position of a circular groove, and the rotation of the laser processing head 11 at different angles can be realized by adjusting the position of the bolt.
The laser processing head 11 is provided with infrared indicating laser, and program teaching can be carried out on the platform motion process of the whole test process before formal tests.
The programmable controller in the technical scheme is connected with a laser controller, and can adjust various processing parameters of the laser, such as laser power, protective gas flow, pulse frequency and the like;
the down direction of the programmable controller is connected with the servo driver to realize the control of each servo motor of the processing platform, and the multi-axis linkage of the whole processing platform is realized by controlling the X-axis motor 3, the Y-axis motor 2, the Z-axis motor 1 and the platform motor 43; the switching of different types of laser processing heads is realized by controlling the rotary motor 35; the accurate adjustment of the upper defocusing amount and the lower defocusing amount of the laser processing head is realized by controlling the processing shaft motor 10;
first, laser automatic processing platform structure part
Referring to fig. 1, the laser automatic processing platform structure part is composed of a space adjusting device, a laser processing head rotating device, a platform supporting device and a monitoring control system.
1. The space adjusting device comprises:
the space adjusting device shown in fig. 1 and 2 includes an X-axis motor 3, a Y-axis motor 2, a Z-axis motor 1, an X-axis lead screw 18, a Y-axis lead screw 19, a Z-axis lead screw 20, a coupler a21, a coupler B22, a coupler C23, a bearing seat 24, a lead screw nut 25, an X-axis slide carriage 26, a Y-axis slide carriage 27, a Z-axis slide carriage 28, an X-axis guide rail 32, a Y-axis guide rail 33, a Z-axis guide rail 34, an X-axis slide block 29, a Y-axis slide block 30, and a Z-axis slide block 31.
The X-axis motor 3, the Y-axis motor 2 and the Z-axis motor 1 are respectively connected with an X-axis lead screw 18, a Y-axis lead screw 19 and a Z-axis lead screw 20 through a coupler A21, a coupler B22 and a coupler C23;
the X-axis lead screw 18, the Y-axis lead screw 19 and the Z-axis lead screw 20 are fixed with a lead screw nut 25 through a bearing seat 24, and the XYZ three-axis lead screw nut is respectively connected with an X-axis sliding seat 26, a Y-axis sliding seat 27 and a Z-axis sliding seat 28 through bolts;
the X-axis slide block 29, the Y-axis slide block 30 and the Z-axis slide block 31 are respectively arranged on an X-axis guide rail 32, a Y-axis guide rail 33 and a Z-axis guide rail 34, and the XYZ-axis slide block is respectively connected with the X-axis slide seat 26, the Y-axis slide seat 27 and the Z-axis slide seat 28 through bolts;
the servo motor of each motion shaft is connected with the lead screw through a coupler, bearing seat fixing bearings are arranged at two ends of the lead screw, the servo motor is provided with a brake for ensuring stable operation, the servo motor drives the ball lead screw through the venous planetary reducer, a lead screw nut is connected with a sliding seat through a bolt, the sliding seat is arranged on a guide rail and is fixed on the lead screw nut and the sliding seat through the bolt, six-axis linkage is realized by controlling the servo motors on six axes through a programmable controller, and various laser processing processes in a space can be automatically carried out without replacing a laser processing head.
2. Laser beam machining head slewer:
referring to fig. 1 and 3, the laser processing head rotating device comprises an adapter plate 5, a rotating motor 35, a rotating motor protective cover 4, a coupler D6, a rotating shaft 7, a fixing rod 9, a rotating mounting disc 8, a processing shaft bottom plate 36, a processing shaft motor 10, a processing shaft lead screw 38, a processing shaft coupler 37, a processing shaft lead screw nut 39, a processing shaft sliding seat 40 and a laser processing head 11;
the adapter plate 5 is connected with the Z-axis sliding seat 28 through bolts, the adapter plate 5 is connected with the rotary motor protective cover 4 through bolts at the bottom and reinforcing ribs, the stability is improved through the reinforcing ribs, the rotary motor 35 is fixed on the rotary motor protective cover 4 through bolts, the rotary motor 35 is connected with the rotary shaft 7 through a coupler D6, the rotary shaft 7 is fixed with the rotary mounting disc 8, the rotary mounting disc 8 is driven to rotate through the rotary shaft 7, and the fixing rod 9 is connected with the rotary mounting disc 8 through bolts and plays a role in fixing and positioning the rotary mounting disc 8;
the processing shaft bottom plate 36 is connected with the rotary mounting disc 8 through bolts, the processing shaft motor 10 is fixed on the processing shaft bottom plate 36 and is connected with a processing shaft screw 38 through a processing shaft coupler 37, the processing shaft screw 38 is connected with a processing shaft screw nut 39 through a processing shaft screw nut 39, the screw nut 39 is connected with a processing shaft sliding seat 40 through bolts, different types of laser processing heads 11 are fixed on the processing shaft sliding seat 40 through bolts at circular grooves, and rotation of the laser processing heads 11 at different angles can be realized through adjusting the positions of the bolts.
The laser processing head 11 is provided with infrared indicating laser, and program teaching can be carried out on the platform motion process of the whole test process before formal tests.
3. Platform strutting arrangement:
referring to fig. 1 and 4, the platform supporting device includes a processing platform 12, a gantry column 42, a platform bracket 14, a platform motor 43, a platform motor coupler 44, a platform lead screw 49, a platform lead screw nut 45, a platform guide rail 46, a platform slider 47, and a platform slide carriage 48;
the machining platform 12 is connected with a platform lead screw nut 45 and a platform sliding block 47 through bolts, a platform motor 43 is connected with a platform lead screw 49 and the platform lead screw nut 45 through a platform coupling 44, the platform sliding block 47 is fixed on a platform guide rail 46, the platform guide rail 46 is fixed on a platform sliding seat 48, the platform sliding seat 48 and the platform motor 43 are both connected with the platform support 14 through bolts, the platform support 14 and a Y machining shaft are fixed on the portal column 12 through bolts, and the portal column 12 ensures the stability of the whole platform in the machining process;
4. the monitoring control system comprises:
referring to fig. 1 and 3, the monitoring control system includes a laser coaxial CCD camera 41, a high-speed camera 13, a laser control cabinet 15, a PC computer 17, and a straightness sensor 50;
referring to fig. 3, the laser coaxial CCD cameras 41 are in threaded connection with the respective laser processing heads 11 for observing the material surface change process of the whole laser processing process and automatically storing and processing on the PC computer 17, and the adapter plate 5 is provided with a straightness sensor 50 for monitoring the straightness of the adapter plate and feeding back to the controller for automatically performing defocus error compensation;
referring to fig. 1, a high-speed camera 13 is fixed to one side of a processing platform 12 through a tripod, and is used for observing the morphological change of plasma in the laser processing process and storing image and video information on a PC computer 17;
referring to fig. 1, the laser control cabinet 15 includes an industrial personal computer, a manual control box 16, a programmable controller, a laser controller, and a servo driver, and the control cabinet 15 and the PC computer 17 are placed at a distance of more than 3 meters from the processing platform to prevent laser from damaging equipment and personal safety;
referring to fig. 5, the control cabinet 15 is configured to receive input data from a keyboard and a mouse, and feed back a real-time state of a test to a user through a display, and the industrial personal computer controls the programmable controller by simply and manually sending an instruction through input devices such as the keyboard and the mouse, and can drive the laser controller through an internally-configured program to adjust and set laser parameters, so that various processing parameters of the laser device, such as laser power, protective gas flow, pulse frequency, and the like, can be adjusted;
referring to fig. 1 and 5, the manual control box 16 is installed at the lower end of the industrial personal computer, a programmable controller can be conveniently controlled by the manual control box 16, the programmable controller is connected with a servo driver in the descending direction to control each servo motor of the processing platform, and multi-axis linkage of the whole processing platform is realized by controlling the X-axis motor 3, the Y-axis motor 2, the Z-axis motor 1 and the platform motor 43; the automatic switching of different types of laser processing heads is realized by controlling the rotary motor 35; the automatic and accurate adjustment of the upper defocusing amount and the lower defocusing amount of the laser processing head is realized by controlling the processing shaft motor 10;
referring to fig. 5, the PC computer 17 is connected to the programmable controller, and is used to program the automatic program processing of the processing platform by software, drive the servo driver to realize the control of the six-axis servo motor, automatically perform the integrated operation of laser processing by six-axis linkage, and automatically store and process the image and video information of the camera acquired by the software through the display screen during the processing process.
And the software of the industrial personal computer is installed in the industrial personal computer and is compiled by using visual programming software Labview. After parameters such as defocusing amount, laser power, working time and the like of the laser processing process are set on the control interface, serial port communication is carried out with the programmable controller through RS232C, and the laser processing process is carried out according to the set parameters.
Second, the application method of the laser automatic processing platform
The invention provides a systematic processing platform using method aiming at a designed automatic laser processing platform, which can safely and accurately carry out integrated operation of at most four laser processing modes such as welding, cutting, cladding, shot blasting and the like in a platform space by using one laser and controlling six movement axes of the platform through a computer on the premise of not manually replacing a laser processing head.
Referring to fig. 6, the specific process of the application method of the laser automatic processing platform is as follows:
1. according to the requirements of a specific processing technology, firstly, a laser processing head on a processing shaft sliding seat is manually replaced, at most four different types of laser processing heads can be configured at the same time, and the laser incident angle required by the laser processing head is adjusted by adjusting the position of a bolt at a circular groove at the back of the sliding seat;
2. fixing a workpiece to be machined on a machining platform through a special fixture, adjusting the movement of each shaft of the platform through a manual control box on a control cabinet, adjusting a laser machining head which works at first in the machining process to a machining initial position of the workpiece to serve as a machining original point, and manually inserting and storing position coordinates of the original point on the manual control box;
3. setting process parameters such as laser welding power, laser cutting power, pulse frequency and the like of each laser processing head during working on an industrial personal computer of a control cabinet;
4. the whole processing process flow is set through programming software on a PC computer, the programmable controller drives the X processing shaft, the Y processing shaft, the Z processing shaft, the revolving shaft, the processing shaft and the platform movement shaft to move to realize six-shaft linkage, the revolving shaft can realize automatic switching of four laser processing heads in the processing process, and the six-shaft linkage is matched to perform the automatic integrated laser processing process in the whole space;
5. reading a processing program programmed on a PC computer through a manual control box of a control cabinet, selecting a teaching function after reading the program, sequentially emitting infrared indicating laser by a laser processing head according to a working sequence to carry out teaching of the whole processing project, and ensuring the accuracy of the processing process through the teaching function;
6. after the teaching is finished, closing the teaching function, opening the high-speed camera and the laser coaxial CCD camera, reading a processing program on a PC (personal computer) through a manual control box to select the processing function, formally starting the whole laser processing process, observing the processing state and the laser plasma form of the surface of a workpiece through the PC computer in the processing process, and automatically storing and analyzing picture and video information;
7. after the machining process is finished, all shafts of the machining platform automatically return to the original point position, in order to prevent misoperation from emitting laser again, the industrial personal computer and the manual control box enter a temporary locking state, and the operation can be continued only by manually unlocking again until next machining is started;
the examples set forth herein are presented to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The invention is just an optimized example or a better specific solution, and if the related technical personnel keeps the basic technical solution of the invention, the equivalent structural changes or various modifications without creative efforts are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
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| CN117405278A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-01-16 | 东莞市唯美陶瓷工业园有限公司 | Laser blind hole method residual stress detection system and detection method |
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