CN112294496B - 含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统及制备方法 - Google Patents

含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统及制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112294496B
CN112294496B CN202011200017.3A CN202011200017A CN112294496B CN 112294496 B CN112294496 B CN 112294496B CN 202011200017 A CN202011200017 A CN 202011200017A CN 112294496 B CN112294496 B CN 112294496B
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zirconium
niobium alloy
articular surface
humerus
intermediate product
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CN112294496A (zh
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苏波
史文
张鹏
黄振宇
刘璐
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Jiasite Huajian Medical Equipment Tianjin co ltd
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Jiasite Huajian Medical Equipment Tianjin co ltd
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Priority to CN202011200017.3A priority Critical patent/CN112294496B/zh
Publication of CN112294496A publication Critical patent/CN112294496A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/101290 priority patent/WO2022088706A1/zh
Priority to US17/910,210 priority patent/US20230248879A1/en
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Abstract

本发明公开了含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统及制备方法，步骤为：以锆铌合金粉为原料，经3D打印一体成型得到带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板的中间产物，经热等静压和深冷和表面氧化，制备成带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板，本发明的结构包括肱骨柄、关节面、肱骨头和肩胛盂板，在肱骨柄的上部外表面、肩胛盂板的上表面和带有内螺纹的圆管外表面设置有骨小梁。本发明制备的带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板的骨小梁与实体结合强度高，不易脱落，提升假体寿命。带有关节面的肱骨柄可一体化实现骨整合界面的优良生物相容性、骨长入性和摩擦界面的超强耐磨性、低磨损率；肱骨头经氧化后形成氧化层，实现摩擦界面的超强耐磨性、低磨损率。

Description

含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种肩关节假体，尤其含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统及制备方法。
背景技术
关节置换术是目前临床上针对终末期关节疾患的有效治疗方式。但是，关节假体长期植入人体，在体内复杂生理、力学环境长期作用下，软体材料，如：超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)，会因关节面磨损产生大量磨屑颗粒，磨屑聚集可引起一系列组织反应，导致骨溶解，无菌松动，假体失效。并且，对于钴铬合金、镍钛合金和不锈钢合金等金属关节材料，会在体内摩擦、腐蚀长期共同作用下释放有毒金属离子，如Cr、Ni、Mn、Mo和V等离子，一方面会引起过敏反应；另一方面也存在其它不明潜在危害。
锆铌合金具有优异耐腐蚀性、力学性能和良好生物相容性，被逐渐应用于医疗器械领域。锆铌合金可与N、C、O等元素反应在表面形成坚硬的氧化层，具有优异耐磨性和低磨损率，可降低对软体材料的磨损，即具有关节面界面的优异耐磨性；且氧化层可降低金属离子的释放，具有优异生物相容性，即具有骨整合界面的优异生物相容性。低磨损率的关节面与骨长入性能优异的骨整合界面(骨小梁)有机配伍，可使假体同时实现两界面优点。
目前临床上使用的关节假体包括骨水泥固定型假体和非骨水泥固定型假体。有研究显示，采用骨水泥固定的假体在骨水泥凝固过程中产生的高温会造成部分骨细胞的死亡，影响后期的骨生长。非骨水泥固定型假体由于良好的骨生长性能，因此得到了越来越广泛的应用。非骨水泥固定型假体的骨整合界面通常采用表面喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层或钛涂层，其优点是克服了骨水泥凝固时的高温，有利于骨细胞的生长，缺点是表面涂层容易脱落，影响使用效果，严重时会造成手术失败。随着金属3D打印技术的发展，采用3D打印技术在假体与宿主骨组织接触的表面打印多孔结构的金属骨小梁不仅解决了涂层的脱落问题，而且实现了骨组织从骨长上向骨长入的转变。但3D打印产品实体部分易存在显微组织不均匀、内部缺陷等问题，力学性能不佳；骨小梁部分结构中粉末未能得到良好熔结，力学性能差。
因此，制备一种力学性能优异，且同时具有两界面优点，骨整合性能优异和摩擦界面低磨损率的关节假体系统，具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术不足，提供含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统。
本发明的第二个目的是提供含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案概述如下：
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板的制备：
1-1)以锆铌合金粉为原料，经3D打印一体成型分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物和肩胛盂板的第一中间产物，将两种第一中间产物放入热等静压炉，在氦气或氩气保护下，升温至1250℃-1400℃，在140MPa-180MPa，恒温放置1h-3h，降至常压，随炉冷却至200℃以下取出，得到两种第二中间产物；
1-2)将两种第二中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-80℃～-120℃，恒温放置5h-10h，从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置16h-36h，调节温度至室温，得到两种第三中间产物；
1-3)将两种第三中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-80℃～-120℃，恒温放置5h-10h；从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置16h-36h，调节温度至室温；得两种第四中间产物；
1-4)将两种第四中间产物进行机加工修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得两种第五中间产物，带有关节面的肱骨柄的第五中间产物的半球形凹槽的粗糙度Ra≤0.050μm；
1-5)将两种第五中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为5％-15％的常压氦气或氩气，以5℃/min-20℃/min加热至500℃-700℃，以0.4℃/min-0.9℃/min降温至400℃-495℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄和肩胛盂板；
带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与带有关节面的肱骨柄的结构相同。
肩胛盂板的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与肩胛盂板的结构相同。
2)肱骨头的制备：
2-1)将锆铌合金锻件机加工、修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得肱骨头中间产物，所述肱骨头中间产物外表面的粗糙度Ra≤0.050μm；
2-2)将肱骨头中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为5％-15％的常压氦气或氩气，以5℃/min-20℃/min加热至500℃-700℃，以0.4℃/min-0.9℃/min降温至400℃-495℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，得到肱骨头；
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的结构：包括肱骨柄1、关节面12、肱骨头2和肩胛盂板3，关节面12上端设置有半球形凹槽13，肱骨头与半球形凹槽活动连接，肱骨头与肩胛盂板3卡扣连接；所述肩胛盂板3上固定连接有带有内螺纹的圆管33和带有内螺纹的孔31，所述肱骨柄1和关节面12固定连接成带有关节面的肱骨柄；在肱骨柄的上部的外表面、肩胛盂板的上表面和带有内螺纹的圆管的外表面设置有骨小梁4；
所述锆铌合金粉的化学成分按质量百分比为85.6％-96.5％的Zr，1.0％-12.5％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质；所述锆铌合金粉的粒径为45μm-150μm。
所述锆铌合金锻件的化学成分按质量百分比为85.6％-96.5％的Zr，1.0％-12.5％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质。
所述步骤1-2)、1-3)所述调节温度为：升温至-120℃～-80℃，恒温保持3h-5h；再升温至-40℃～-20℃，恒温保持3h-5h；再升温至4℃-8℃，恒温保持1h-3h，升温。
所述骨小梁(4)孔径为0.35mm-1.10mm，孔隙率为55％-78％，通孔率为100％。
上述方法制备的含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统。
与现有技术方案相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的肱骨柄上部外表面、肩胛盂板上表面和带有内螺纹的圆管外表面采用骨小梁设计，提高假体的骨长入性能。本发明带有关节面的肱骨柄和肩胛盂板采用3D打印一体成型，解决传统机加工无法制备复杂结构的难题，且骨小梁与实体结合强度高，不易脱落，提升假体寿命。本发明可实现骨整合界面的优良生物相容性、骨长入性和摩擦界面的超强耐磨性、低磨损率。本发明的带有关节面的肱骨柄、肱骨头和肩胛盂板的氧化层与基体之间存在富氧层，富氧层有过渡层作用，提高氧化层与基体之间附着力，避免氧化层脱落；且氧化层硬度高。本发明的低伪影，对核磁干扰小，可进行核磁检测。所述肱骨柄和关节面固定连接，一体成型，降低微动。
附图说明
图1为本发明含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统示意图。
图2为带有关节面的肱骨柄轴测图。
图3为肱骨头从外表面观察的轴测图。
图4为本发明肱骨头从内表面观察的轴测图。
图5为本发明肩胛盂板的轴测图。
图6为对照组1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的实体部分金相显微结构图(A为放大50倍观察；B为放大500倍观察)。
图7为实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的未进行制备方法中步骤1-4)和步骤1-5)的实体部分金相显微结构图(A为放大50倍观察；B为放大500倍观察)。
图8为对照组1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的骨小梁部分SEM图。
图9为实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的未进行制备方法中步骤1-4)和步骤1-5)的骨小梁部分SEM图。
图10为实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的氧化层与基体的横截面SEM图。
图11为实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的氧化层表面的XRD曲线。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板的制备：
1-1)以锆铌合金粉为原料，经3D打印一体成型分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物和肩胛盂板的第一中间产物，将两种第一中间产物(即带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物和肩胛盂板的第一中间产物)放入热等静压炉，在氩气保护下，升温至1250℃，在180MPa，恒温放置3h，降至常压，随炉冷却至200℃以下取出，得到两种第二中间产物；
1-2)将两种第二中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-80℃，恒温放置10h，从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置16h，调节温度至室温，得到两种第三中间产物；
1-3)将两种第三中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-80℃，恒温放置10h；从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置16h，调节温度至室温；得两种第四中间产物；
1-4)将两种第四中间产物进行机加工修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得两种第五中间产物，所述带有关节面的肱骨柄的第五中间产物的半球形凹槽13的粗糙度Ra＝0.012μm；
1-5)将两种第五中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为5％的常压氩气，以5℃/min加热至500℃，以0.4℃/min降温至400℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄和肩胛盂板；
带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与带有关节面的肱骨柄的结构相同。
肩胛盂板的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与肩胛盂板的结构相同。
2)肱骨头的制备：
2-1)将锆铌合金锻件机加工、修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得肱骨头中间产物，所述肱骨头中间产物外表面的粗糙度Ra＝0.012μm；
2-2)将肱骨头中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为5％的常压氩气，以5℃/min加热至500℃，以0.4℃/min降温至400℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，得到肱骨头；
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统(见图1)的结构：包括肱骨柄1、关节面12、肱骨头2(见图3-4)和肩胛盂板3(见图5)，关节面12上端设置有半球形凹槽13，肱骨头与半球形凹槽活动连接，肱骨头与肩胛盂板3卡扣连接；所述肩胛盂板3上固定连接有带有内螺纹的圆管33和带有内螺纹的孔31，所述肱骨柄1和关节面12固定连接成带有关节面的肱骨柄(见图2)，在肱骨柄的上部的外表面、肩胛盂板的上表面和带有内螺纹的圆管的外表面设置有骨小梁4；
所述锆铌合金粉的化学成分按质量百分比为85.6％的Zr，12.5％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质；所述锆铌合金粉的粒径为45μm-150μm，购置于西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司。
所述锆铌合金锻件的化学成分按质量百分比为85.6％的Zr，12.5％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质，购置于西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司。
所述步骤1-2)、1-3)所述调节温度为：升温至-120℃，恒温保持5h；再升温至-40℃，恒温保持5h；再升温至4℃，恒温保持3h，升温。
所述骨小梁(4)孔径为0.80mm，孔隙率为72％，通孔率为100％。
实施例2
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板的制备：
1-1)以锆铌合金粉为原料，经3D打印一体成型分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物和肩胛盂板的第一中间产物，将两种第一中间产物放入热等静压炉，在氦气保护下，升温至1325℃，在160MPa，恒温放置2h，降至常压，随炉冷却至200℃以下取出，得到两种第二中间产物；
1-2)将两种第二中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-100℃，恒温放置7h，从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置24h，调节温度至室温，得到两种第三中间产物；
1-3)将两种第三中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-100℃，恒温放置7h；从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置24h，调节温度至室温；得两种第四中间产物；
1-4)将两种第四中间产物进行机加工修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得两种第五中间产物，所述带有关节面的肱骨柄的第五中间产物的半球形凹槽的粗糙度Ra＝0.035μm；
1-5)将两种第五中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为10％的常压氦气，以15℃/min加热至600℃，以0.7℃/min降温至450℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄和肩胛盂板；
带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与带有关节面的肱骨柄的结构相同。
肩胛盂板的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与肩胛盂板的结构相同。
2)肱骨头的制备：
2-1)将锆铌合金锻件机加工、修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得肱骨头中间产物，所述肱骨头中间产物外表面的粗糙度Ra＝0.035μm；
2-2)将肱骨头中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为10％的常压氦气，以15℃/min加热至600℃，以0.7℃/min降温至450℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，得到肱骨头；
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的结构：包括肱骨柄1、关节面12、肱骨头2和肩胛盂板3，关节面12上端设置有半球形凹槽13，肱骨头与半球形凹槽活动连接，肱骨头与肩胛盂板3卡扣连接；所述肩胛盂板3上固定连接有带有内螺纹的圆管33和带有内螺纹的孔31，所述肱骨柄1和关节面12固定连接成带有关节面的肱骨柄，在肱骨柄的上部的外表面、肩胛盂板的上表面和带有内螺纹的圆管的外表面设置有骨小梁4；
所述锆铌合金粉的化学成分按质量百分比为93.4％的Zr，5.1％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质；所述锆铌合金粉的粒径为45μm-150μm，购置于西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司。
所述锆铌合金锻件的化学成分按质量百分比为93.4％的Zr，5.1％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质，购置于西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司。
所述步骤1-2)、1-3)所述调节温度为：升温至-100℃，恒温保持4h；再升温至-30℃，恒温保持4h；升温至6℃，恒温保持2h，升温；
所述骨小梁(4)孔径为0.35mm，孔隙率为55％，通孔率为100％。
实施例3
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板的制备：
1-1)以锆铌合金粉为原料，经3D打印一体成型分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物和或肩胛盂板的第一中间产物，将两种第一中间产物放入热等静压炉，在氩气保护下，升温至1400℃，在140MPa，恒温放置1h，降至常压，随炉冷却至200℃以下取出，得到两种第二中间产物；
1-2)将两种第二中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-120℃，恒温放置5h，从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置36h，调节温度至室温，得到两种第三中间产物；
1-3)将两种第三中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-120℃，恒温放置5h；从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置36h，调节温度至室温；得两种第四中间产物；
1-4)将两种第四中间产物进行机加工修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得两种第五中间产物，所述带有关节面的肱骨柄的第五中间产物的半球形凹槽13的粗糙度Ra＝0.050μm；
1-5)将两种第五中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为15％的常压氩气，以20℃/min加热至700℃，以0.9℃/min降温至495℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄和肩胛盂板；
带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与带有关节面的肱骨柄的结构相同。
肩胛盂板的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与肩胛盂板的结构相同。
2)肱骨头的制备：
2-1)将锆铌合金锻件机加工、修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得肱骨头中间产物，所述肱骨头中间产物外表面的粗糙度Ra＝0.050μm；
2-2)将肱骨头中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为15％的常压氩气，以20℃/min加热至700℃，以0.9℃/min降温至495℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，得到肱骨头；
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的结构：包括肱骨柄1、关节面12、肱骨头2和肩胛盂板3，关节面12上端设置有半球形凹槽13，肱骨头与半球形凹槽活动连接，肱骨头与肩胛盂板3卡扣连接；所述肩胛盂板3上固定连接有带有内螺纹的圆管33和带有内螺纹的孔31，所述肱骨柄1和关节面12固定连接成带有关节面的肱骨柄，在肱骨柄的上部的外表面、肩胛盂板的上表面和带有内螺纹的圆管的外表面设置有骨小梁4；
所述锆铌合金粉的化学成分按质量百分比为96.5％的Zr，1％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质；所述锆铌合金粉的粒径为45μm-150μm，购置于西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司。
所述锆铌合金锻件的化学成分按质量百分比为96.5％的Zr，1％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质，购置于西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司。
所述步骤1-2)、1-3)所述调节温度为：升温至-80℃，恒温保持3h；再升温至-20℃，恒温保持3h；再升温至8℃，恒温保持1h，升温。
所述骨小梁(4)孔径为1.10mm，孔隙率为78％，通孔率为100％。
对照组1
以锆铌合金粉(同实施例1)为原料，经3D打印一体成型和机加工修整，得到结构同实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄和肩胛盂板
倒置万能材料显微镜(Axio Vert.A1，德国蔡司zeiss公司，德国)对对照组1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的实体部分和实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的未进行所述制备方法中步骤1-4)和步骤1-5)的实体部分进行金相显微组织观察。结果如图6和7所示，对照组1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的金相照片中可以观察到细小α马氏体，组织较细小，易产生应力集中，塑性较差；实施例1带有关节面的肱骨柄的金相显示为α相，呈网篮结构，晶粒细化。结果提示，本发明所述带有关节面的肱骨柄的基体部分(不含氧化层)具有优异的强度和塑性。
扫描电子显微镜(Crossbeam340/550，蔡司，德国)对对照组1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的骨小梁部分和实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的未进行所述制备方法中步骤1-4)和步骤1-5)骨小梁部分进行观察分析，结果如图8-9所示，与对照组1相比，实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的骨小梁结构中锆铌合金粉发生进一步熔结，提示骨小梁综合性能提高。
电子万能试验机(UTM5105，深圳三思纵横科技股份有限公司，中国)对实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄未进行所述制备方法中步骤1-4)和步骤1-5)的实体压缩试件(试件大小为：8*8*10mm3)和对照组1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的实体压缩试件(试件大小为：8*8*10mm3)进行压缩性能测试，实施例1和对照组1的实体压缩试件各5个。结果如表1所示，实施例1的抗压屈服强度为546.72MPa，优于对照组1(P＜0.05)，提示本发明制得的带有关节面的肱骨柄的实体部分具有优异抗压缩性能。
表1对照组1和实施例1的实体试件抗压缩实验结果(
Figure BDA0002752507120000071
n＝5，*P＜0.05，与对照组1比较)
Figure BDA0002752507120000072
电子万能试验机(UTM5105，深圳三思纵横科技股份有限公司，中国)对对照组1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的孔径为0.80mm，孔隙率为72％的骨小梁压缩试件和实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的未进行所述制备方法中步骤1-4)和步骤1-5)的孔径为0.80mm，孔隙率为72％的骨小梁压缩试件(试件大小为：8*8*10mm3)进行压缩实验，对照组1和实施例1的骨小梁压缩试件各5个。结果如表2所示，实施例1的骨小梁屈服强度为18.39MPa，显著高于对照组1(P＜0.05)，提示本发明制得的带有关节面的肱骨柄的骨小梁部分抗压性能优异。
表2对照组1和实施例1的骨小梁试件抗压缩实验结果(
Figure BDA0002752507120000081
n＝5，*P＜0.05，与对照组1比较)
Figure BDA0002752507120000082
扫描电子显微镜(Crossbeam340/550，蔡司，德国)对实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的锆铌合金基体与氧化层的横截面进行观察，(见图10)。并对实施例2、3的带有关节面的肱骨柄的锆铌合金基体与氧化层的横截面进行观察，其氧化层厚度分别为10.3μm、17.2μm和20.6μm，且氧化层与锆铌合金基体之间存在富氧层，增强锆铌合金基体与氧化层之间的结合力。
XRD(D8 DISCOVER，Bruker，德国)对实施例1的带有关节面的肱骨柄的氧化层进行分析(图11)，氧化层包含单斜相二氧化锆和四方相二氧化锆。
显微硬度仪(MHVS-1000PLUS，上海奥龙星迪检测设备有限公司，中国)对实施例1-3的带有关节面的肱骨柄进行显微硬度测量，测试载荷为0.05kg，试件载荷时间为20s，每个试件取8个点。实施例1-3测得平均硬度值为1948.6Hv、1923.7Hv和1967.2Hv，提示本发明的带有关节面的肱骨柄的氧化层硬度高。
实验证明，实施例2、3制备的带有关节面的肱骨柄、肩胛盂板和实施例1制备的肩胛盂板的骨小梁部分的锆铌合金粉熔结程度、抗压性能，实体部分抗压性能、金相组织，氧化层的晶体结构、厚度和硬度与实施例1制备的带有关节面的肱骨柄相似；实施例1、2、3制备的肱骨头的氧化层的晶体结构、厚度和硬度与实施例1制备的带有关节面的肱骨柄相似。

Claims (6)

1.含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的制备方法，其特征是包括如下步骤：
1)带有关节面的肱骨柄或肩胛盂板的制备：
1-1)以锆铌合金粉为原料，经3D打印一体成型分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物和肩胛盂板的第一中间产物，将两种第一中间产物放入热等静压炉，在氦气或氩气保护下，升温至1250℃-1400℃，在140MPa-180MPa，恒温放置1h-3h，降至常压，随炉冷却至200℃以下取出，得到两种第二中间产物；
1-2)将两种第二中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-80℃～-120℃，恒温放置5h-10h，从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置16h-36h，调节温度至室温，得到两种第三中间产物；
1-3)将两种第三中间产物放置于程序性降温盒中以1℃/min的速度降温至-80℃～-120℃，恒温放置5h-10h；从程序性降温盒中取出；在液氮中再放置16h-36h，调节温度至室温；得两种第四中间产物；
1-4)将两种第四中间产物进行机加工修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得两种第五中间产物，带有关节面的肱骨柄的第五中间产物的半球形凹槽的粗糙度Ra≤0.050μm；
1-5)将两种第五中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为5％-15％的常压氦气或氩气，以5℃/min-20℃/min加热至500℃-700℃，以0.4℃/min-0.9℃/min降温至400℃-495℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，分别得到带有关节面的肱骨柄和肩胛盂板；
带有关节面的肱骨柄的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与带有关节面的肱骨柄的结构相同；
肩胛盂板的第一中间产物、第二中间产物、第三中间产物、第四中间产物和第五中间产物的结构与肩胛盂板的结构相同；
2)肱骨头的制备：
2-1)将锆铌合金锻件机加工、修整、抛光、清洗和干燥，得肱骨头中间产物，所述肱骨头中间产物外表面的粗糙度Ra≤0.050μm；
2-2)将肱骨头中间产物放置于管式炉内，通入含氧质量百分比为5％-15％的常压氦气或氩气，以5℃/min-20℃/min加热至500℃-700℃，以0.4℃/min-0.9℃/min降温至400℃-495℃，再自然冷却至200℃以下取出，得到肱骨头；
含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统的结构：包括肱骨柄(1)、关节面(12)、肱骨头(2)和肩胛盂板(3)，关节面(12)上端设置有半球形凹槽(13)，肱骨头与半球形凹槽活动连接，肱骨头与肩胛盂板(3)卡扣连接；所述肩胛盂板(3)上固定连接有带有内螺纹的圆管(33)和带有内螺纹的孔(31)，所述肱骨柄(1)和关节面(12)固定连接成带有关节面的肱骨柄，在肱骨柄的上部的外表面、肩胛盂板的上表面和带有内螺纹的圆管的外表面设置有骨小梁(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是所述锆铌合金粉的化学成分按质量百分比为85.6％-96.5％的Zr，1.0％-12.5％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质；所述锆铌合金粉的粒径为45μm-150μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是所述锆铌合金锻件的化学成分按质量百分比为85.6％-96.5％的Zr，1.0％-12.5％的Nb，其余为不可避免的杂质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是所述步骤1-2)、1-3)所述调节温度为：升温至-120℃～-80℃，恒温保持3h-5h；再升温至-40℃～-20℃，恒温保持3h-5h；再升温至4℃-8℃，恒温保持1h-3h，升温。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是所述骨小梁(4)孔径为0.35mm-1.10mm，孔隙率为55％-78％，通孔率为100％。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法制备的含氧化层锆铌合金肩关节假体系统。
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