Surgical biopsy scalpel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a surgical biopsy scalpel.
Background
For biopsies of diseased tissue, only a complete resection of the central part has the highest diagnostic value. The minimally invasive surgery is popular among patients due to small trauma, light pain, quick recovery and difficult scar remaining. In recent years, the incidence of thyroid diseases, breast diseases, intestinal diseases, etc. has been increased, so that biopsy of a cut sample is often used to help a patient determine whether cells in a test area are cancerous.
Can obtain the sample well through minimal access surgery sword, current scalpel has rotary-cut or concora crush two kinds, just decides to adopt which kind of cutting methods before the operation, is difficult to change again after getting into the tissue to if the sample under the cutting in the operation if the misoperation, stop easily in the cutting knife outside, take out the difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a surgical biopsy scalpel which can select rotary cutting or flat cutting during biopsy sampling and has a sample which is not easy to fall off.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a surgical biopsy scalpel comprises an outer scalpel tube, an inner scalpel head and a driving tube, wherein the outer scalpel tube is sleeved outside the inner scalpel head, the outer scalpel tube is provided with an outer scalpel edge, the inner scalpel head is provided with an inner scalpel edge, the inner scalpel head is provided with an accommodating cavity communicated with the inner scalpel edge, the driving tube is connected with the inner scalpel head and drives the inner scalpel head to rotate or translate relative to the outer scalpel tube, a moving cavity is arranged between the end part of the outer scalpel tube and the end part of the inner scalpel head,
a first limiting block, a second limiting block, a first limiting groove and a second limiting groove are arranged between the inner cutter head and the outer cutter tube,
the first limiting groove is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cutter tube and extends along the circumferential direction of the outer cutter tube, the first limiting block is arranged in the first limiting groove so as to provide circumferential rotation guidance when the outer cutter tube and the inner cutter head rotate relatively, the surgical biopsy scalpel further comprises a first limiting structure, the first limiting structure is used for moving the first limiting block away from the first limiting groove,
the second limiting groove is formed in the inner wall of the outer cutter tube and extends along the axial direction of the outer cutter tube, the second limiting block is arranged in the second limiting groove so that the outer cutter tube and the inner cutter head can move in the axial direction when moving in a relative mode, the surgical biopsy scalpel further comprises a second limiting structure, and the second limiting structure is used for moving the second limiting block away from the second limiting groove.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in the initial state, the inner knife edge is aligned with the outer knife edge, after the outer knife edge is aligned with the sample, the sample enters the containing cavity, the rotary cutting or the flat cutting is carried out on the sample by observing the position of the sample,
if the flat cutting is adopted, the first limiting structure is operated to move the first limiting block away from the first limiting groove, the inner cutter head and the outer cutter tube are translated under the limiting action of the second limiting block and the second limiting groove, the inner cutter head is moved into the moving cavity to complete the cutting, at the moment, the sample enters the accommodating cavity, the inner cutter opening is axially staggered relative to the outer cutter opening, and the accommodating cavity is closed;
if rotary cutting is adopted, the second limiting structure is operated to move the second limiting block away from the second limiting groove, the inner cutter head and the outer cutter tube axially rotate under the limiting action of the first limiting block and the first limiting groove to complete the rotary cutting, and at the moment, the sample enters the accommodating cavity, the inner cutter opening and the outer cutter opening are circumferentially staggered, and the accommodating cavity is closed;
the accommodating cavity is closed in the process of taking out the scalpel, so that the sample can be prevented from falling off;
in the process that the scalpel enters tissues, the inner scalpel head and the outer scalpel tube are axially limited by the first limiting block and the first limiting groove and circumferentially limited by the second limiting block and the second limiting groove, so that the inner scalpel head and the outer scalpel tube cannot move relatively, and the alignment of the inner scalpel head and the outer scalpel head is guaranteed.
Preferably, the center of the driving pipe is provided with a vent hole, one end of the vent hole is communicated with a negative pressure air source, and the other end of the driving pipe is communicated with the accommodating cavity.
Preferably, the operating end of the outer knife tube is provided with a driving ring, and the driving tube penetrates out of the outer knife tube and is connected with the driving ring.
Preferably, a screen is arranged at the communication position of the vent hole and the accommodating cavity.
Preferably, first limit structure includes first cable, first removal round pin, first guide holder, first connecting rod, first spring, the inner wall of tool bit including first guide holder is fixed, first removal round pin wears to establish in first guide holder, the one end and the first cable of first removal round pin are connected, the other end of first removal round pin is articulated with the one end of first connecting rod, the middle part and the interior tool bit of first connecting rod are articulated, the other end at first connecting rod is established to first stopper, the one end and the first guide holder of first spring offset, the other end and the first connecting rod of first spring offset.
Preferably, the first connecting rod is composed of a first sub-connecting rod and a second sub-connecting rod, the first sub-connecting rod is fixedly connected with the second sub-connecting rod, the joint of the first sub-connecting rod and the second sub-connecting rod is hinged to the outer cutter tube, the first sub-connecting rod and the second sub-connecting rod form an acute angle, the spring is abutted against the first sub-connecting rod, and the first limiting block is arranged at the end of the second sub-connecting rod.
Preferably, the operating end of the outer cutter tube is provided with a first pull ring, and the first pull cable penetrates out of the outer cutter tube and is connected with the first pull ring.
Preferably, the second limit structure includes that second cable, second remove round pin, second guide holder, second connecting rod, second spring, the inner wall of tool bit including the second guide holder is fixed, the second removes the round pin and wears to establish in the second guide holder, the one end and the second cable of second removal round pin are connected, the other end that the second removed the round pin is articulated with the one end of second connecting rod, the middle part and the interior tool bit of second connecting rod are articulated, the other end at the second connecting rod is established to the second stopper, the one end and the second guide holder of second spring offset, the other end and the second connecting rod of second spring offset.
Preferably, the second connecting rod is composed of a third sub-connecting rod and a fourth sub-connecting rod, the third sub-connecting rod is fixedly connected with the fourth sub-connecting rod, the joint of the third sub-connecting rod and the fourth sub-connecting rod is hinged to the outer cutter tube, the third sub-connecting rod and the fourth sub-connecting rod form an acute angle, the spring is abutted against the third sub-connecting rod, and the second limiting block is arranged at the end of the fourth sub-connecting rod.
Preferably, the operating end of the outer cutter tube is provided with a second pull ring, and the second pull cable penetrates out of the outer cutter tube and is connected with the second pull ring.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the cutter head of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the flat cutting structure of the scalpel.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the rotary cutting structure of the scalpel of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the cutter head of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
1. An outer cutter tube; 1.1, an outer knife edge; 1.2, moving the cavity; 1.3, a first limit groove; 1.4, a second limit groove; 2. an inner cutter head; 2.1, inner knife edge; 2.2, an accommodating cavity; 3. a drive tube; 3.1, vent holes; 4. a negative pressure air source; 5. a drive ring; 6. screening a screen; 7. a first limit structure; 7.1, a first inhaul cable; 7.2, a first moving pin; 7.3, a first guide seat; 7.4, a first connecting rod; 7.4.1, a first limiting block; 7.4.2, a first sub-connecting rod; 7.4.3, a second sub-link; 7.5, a first spring; 8. a second limit structure; 8.1, a second inhaul cable; 8.2, a second moving pin; 8.3, a second guide seat; 8.4, a second connecting rod; 8.4.1 and a second limiting block; 8.4.2, a third sub-link; 8.4.3, a fourth sub-link; 8.5, a second spring; 9. a first pull ring; 10. a second tab.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figures 1-5 of the drawings,
a surgical biopsy scalpel comprises an outer scalpel tube 1, an inner scalpel head 2 and a driving tube 3, wherein the outer scalpel tube 1 is sleeved outside the inner scalpel head 2, the outer scalpel tube 1 is provided with an outer scalpel edge 1.1, the inner scalpel head 2 is provided with an inner scalpel edge 2.1, the inner scalpel head 2 is provided with a containing cavity 2.2 communicated with the inner scalpel edge 2.1, the driving tube 3 is connected with the inner scalpel head 2 and drives the inner scalpel head 2 to rotate or translate relative to the outer scalpel tube 1, a moving cavity 1.2 is arranged between the end part of the outer scalpel tube 1 and the end part of the inner scalpel head 2,
a first limiting block 7.4.1, a second limiting block 8.4.1, a first limiting groove 1.3 and a second limiting groove 1.4 are arranged between the inner cutter head 2 and the outer cutter tube 1,
the first limiting groove 1.3 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cutter tube 1 and extends along the circumferential direction of the outer cutter tube 1, the first limiting block 7.4.1 is arranged in the first limiting groove 1.3 so as to provide circumferential rotation guide when the outer cutter tube 1 and the inner cutter head 2 rotate relatively, the surgical biopsy scalpel further comprises a first limiting structure 7, the first limiting structure 7 is used for moving the first limiting block 7.4.1 away from the first limiting groove 1.3,
the second limit groove 1.4 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer knife tube 1 and extends along the axial direction of the outer knife tube 1, the second limit block 8.4.1 is arranged in the second limit groove 1.4 so as to provide the guide for the axial movement when the outer knife tube 1 and the inner knife head 2 translate relatively, the surgical biopsy scalpel further comprises a second limit structure 8, and the second limit structure 8 is used for moving the second limit block 8.4.1 away from the second limit groove 1.4.
Wherein, 3 centers of driving tube are equipped with air vent 3.1, the one end and the negative pressure air supply 4 intercommunication of air vent 3.1, the other end and the holding chamber 2.2 intercommunication of driving tube 3, air vent 3.1 are used for cutting in the sample through the negative pressure suction holding chamber 2.2 back again, convenient operation.
Wherein, the operating end of the outer cutter tube 1 is provided with a driving ring 5, the driving tube 3 passes through the outer cutter tube 1 and is connected with the driving ring 5, and the driving ring 5 is operated to enable the inner cutter head 2 and the outer cutter tube 1 to move relatively.
Wherein, the place of communication of air vent 3.1 and holding chamber 2.2 is equipped with screen cloth 6, and screen cloth 6 can avoid the sample to get into in the air vent 3.1.
Wherein, first limit structure 7 includes first cable 7.1, first removal round pin 7.2, first guide holder 7.3, first connecting rod 7.4, first spring 7.5, the inner wall of tool bit 2 including first guide holder 7.3 is fixed, first removal round pin 7.2 is worn to establish in first guide holder 7.3, first removal round pin 7.2's one end is connected with first cable 7.1, first removal round pin 7.2's the other end is articulated with the one end of first connecting rod 7.4, the middle part of first connecting rod 7.4 is articulated with interior tool bit 2, first stopper 7.4.1 establishes the other end at first connecting rod 7.4, the one end of first spring 7.5 offsets with first guide holder 7.3, the other end of first spring 7.5 offsets with first connecting rod 7.4.
First stopper 7.4.1 gets into the tissue positioning in-process at the inherent scalpel of first spacing groove 1.3, it is spacing with outer sword pipe 1 axial to can guarantee interior tool bit 2, avoid the maloperation to lead to interior tool bit 2 and outer sword pipe 1 translation relatively, when needing to operate the concora crush, can stimulate first cable 7.1, first removal round pin 7.2 stimulates first connecting rod 7.4, first connecting rod 7.4 is articulated owing to the middle part, first stopper 7.4.1 of the other end uses articulated department as the centre of a circle to rotate, first stopper 7.4.1 is putd aside from in first spacing groove 1.3, promote interior tool bit 2 again and realize the concora crush, first spring 7.5 can elasticity promote first stopper 7.4.1 card in first spacing groove 1.3.
The first connecting rod 7.4 is composed of a first sub-connecting rod 7.4.2 and a second sub-connecting rod 7.4.3, the first sub-connecting rod 7.4.2 is fixedly connected with the second sub-connecting rod 7.4.3, the joint of the first sub-connecting rod 7.4.2 and the second sub-connecting rod 7.4.3 is hinged to the outer knife tube 1, the first sub-connecting rod 7.4.2 and the second sub-connecting rod 7.4.3 form an acute angle, the spring abuts against the first sub-connecting rod 7.4.2, and the first limiting block 7.4.1 is arranged at the end of the second sub-connecting rod 7.4.3.
The first sub-connecting rod 7.4.2 and the second sub-connecting rod 7.4.3 form an acute angle, so that the rotating angle of the first sub-connecting rod 7.4.2 rotating towards the inner wall of the inner cutter head 2 can be increased, and the first limiting block 7.4.1 can be moved out of the first limiting groove 1.3.
The operation end of the outer cutter tube 1 is provided with a first pull ring 9, and the first pull rope 7.1 penetrates out of the outer cutter tube 1 and is connected with the first pull ring 9.
The first pull ring 9 can pull the first pull rope 7.1 at the operating end, so that the operation is convenient.
The second limit structure 8 includes a second cable 8.1, a second moving pin 8.2, a second guide seat 8.3, a second connecting rod 8.4 and a second spring 8.5, the inner wall of the inner cutter head 2 is fixed to the second guide seat 8.3, the second moving pin 8.2 is arranged in the second guide seat 8.3 in a penetrating manner, one end of the second moving pin 8.2 is connected with the second cable 8.1, the other end of the second moving pin 8.2 is hinged to one end of the second connecting rod 8.4, the middle of the second connecting rod 8.4 is hinged to the inner cutter head 2, the other end of the second limiting block 8.4.1 is arranged at the other end of the second connecting rod 8.4, one end of the second spring 8.5 is abutted to the second guide seat 8.3, and the other end of the second spring 8.5 is abutted to the second connecting rod 8.4.
The second limiting block 8.4.1 can ensure that the inner cutter head 2 and the outer cutter tube 1 are circumferentially limited in the process that the scalpel enters the tissue positioning in the second limiting groove 1.4, so that the phenomenon that the inner cutter head 2 and the outer cutter tube 1 rotate relatively due to misoperation is avoided, when rotary cutting needs to be operated, the second inhaul cable 8.1 can be pulled, the second moving pin 8.2 pulls the second connecting rod 8.4, the second connecting rod 8.4 is hinged to the middle part, the second limiting block 8.4.1 at the other end rotates by taking the hinged part as the circle center, the second limiting block 8.4.1 is moved away from the second limiting groove 1.4, and the rotary cutting second spring 8.5 can elastically push the second limiting block 8.4.1 to be clamped in the second limiting groove 1.4 by rotating the inner cutter head 2.
The second connecting rod 8.4 is composed of a third sub-connecting rod 8.4.2 and a fourth sub-connecting rod 8.4.3, the third sub-connecting rod 8.4.2 is fixedly connected with the fourth sub-connecting rod 8.4.3, the joint of the third sub-connecting rod 8.4.2 and the fourth sub-connecting rod 8.4.3 is hinged to the outer knife tube 1, the third sub-connecting rod 8.4.2 and the fourth sub-connecting rod 8.4.3 form an acute angle, the spring is abutted to the third sub-connecting rod 8.4.2, and the second limiting block 8.4.1 is arranged at the end of the fourth sub-connecting rod 8.4.3.
The third sub-connecting rod 8.4.2 and the fourth sub-connecting rod 8.4.3 form an acute angle, which can improve the rotating angle of the third sub-connecting rod 8.4.2 rotating towards the inner wall of the inner cutter head 2, thereby ensuring that the second limiting block 8.4.1 moves out of the second limiting groove 1.4.
The operating end of the outer knife pipe 1 is provided with a second pull ring 10, and the second pull rope 8.1 penetrates out of the outer knife pipe 1 and is connected with the second pull ring 10.
The second pull ring 10 can pull the second pull rope 8.1 at the operating end, so that the operation is convenient.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only and is not to be construed as limiting the claims. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the specific structure thereof is allowed to vary. All changes which come within the scope of the invention as defined by the independent claims are intended to be embraced therein.