CN112293432B - 一种蚂蚁阻隔剂 - Google Patents

一种蚂蚁阻隔剂 Download PDF

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CN112293432B
CN112293432B CN202011363800.1A CN202011363800A CN112293432B CN 112293432 B CN112293432 B CN 112293432B CN 202011363800 A CN202011363800 A CN 202011363800A CN 112293432 B CN112293432 B CN 112293432B
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钟宝珠
吕朝军
覃伟权
宋薇薇
李朝绪
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

本发明属于害虫生物防治领域，涉及一种蚂蚁阻隔剂，是将溴氰虫酰胺、樟脑和粘着成分混合均匀而制得。本发明工艺简单，制作成本低，将溴氰虫酰胺、樟脑进行科学配伍，辅以粘着成分，施用于释放器外围，可起到阻隔蚂蚁的作用，能有效防止蚂蚁爬入释放器内取食寄生蜂及其寄主，具有低毒、对植物无害无残留、阻隔效果号等特点，保证寄生蜂释放效果，对实现植物生物防治具有非常重要的意义。

Description

一种蚂蚁阻隔剂
技术领域
本发明属于害虫生物防治领域，涉及一种阻隔剂，具体为一种在生物防治中防治蚂蚁取食天敌资源的阻隔剂及其在寄生蜂释放上的应用。
背景技术
生物防治是病虫害综合防治中的重要组成部分，其中寄生蜂作为重要的生防资源在降低害虫危害方面起着极其重要的作用。在田间寄生蜂的应用过程中，如何安全、高效地释放寄生蜂是一个很重要的环节，田间的各种环境均会对释放效果起到影响。
蚂蚁作为田间的重要生物类群，可捕食几乎一切可以捕捉到的食物，包括在寄生蜂释放过程中的寄主。田间释放效果发现，在有蚂蚁出没的地方，常出现蚂蚁取食寄生蜂的寄主，造成防治效果下降。
目前，田间释放寄生蜂主要是将装载有寄生蜂的释放器放置于田间，或悬挂于树枝上，或固定于树干上。由于寄生蜂释放过程较长，而在田间众多的蚂蚁会在此期间沿着悬挂绳、树干等爬入释放器内取食寄生蜂及其寄主，扰乱寄生蜂释放过程，影响的释放效果，严重的甚至导致生物防治的失败。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足而提供一种蚂蚁阻隔剂，将溴氰虫酰胺、樟脑进行科学配伍，可起到阻隔蚂蚁的作用，能有效防止蚂蚁对释放器内的寄生蜂的危害的效果。
本发明所采用的技术方案：
一种蚂蚁阻隔剂，是将溴氰虫酰胺、樟脑和粘着成分混合均匀而制得，其中按重量比计各成分的重量份数为：溴氰虫酰胺20～40份、樟脑15～30份、粘着成分10～50份。所述粘着成分是具有粘附性的物质。
本发明中，所述粘着成分是油漆、糊精、凡士林、植物油、矿物油、骨胶、明胶、琼脂或卡拉胶中的一种或几种的组合物。
本发明中，所述樟脑为直接从樟树中提取的活性物质，或人工合成的液体状、固体状、膏状的樟脑活性成分。
本发明所提供的蚂蚁阻隔剂在寄生蜂释放上的应用，将阻隔剂直接涂抹于试管型、盒装、袋装等不同类型的释放器外围或悬挂绳上，即可防止蚂蚁进入释放器内取食寄生蜂及其寄主。
本发明工艺简单，制作成本低，将溴氰虫酰胺、樟脑进行科学配伍，辅以粘着成分，施用于释放器外围，可起到阻隔蚂蚁的作用，能有效防止蚂蚁爬入释放器内取食寄生蜂及其寄主，具有低毒、对植物无害无残留、阻隔效果号等特点，保证寄生蜂释放效果，对实现害虫生物防治具有非常重要的意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
一、蚂蚁阻隔剂的制备
实施例一、
按重量份数，取溴氰虫酰胺22份、樟脑25份、红色油漆40份，混匀后既得蚂蚁阻隔剂。
实施例二、
按重量份数，取溴氰虫酰胺30份、樟脑20份、加入红色染料的糊精30份，混匀后既得蚂蚁阻隔剂。
实施例三、
按重量份数，取溴氰虫酰胺35份、樟脑18份、凡士林20份，混匀后既得蚂蚁阻隔剂。
实施例四、
按重量份数，取溴氰虫酰胺38份、樟脑23份、植物油10份、明胶25份，混匀后既得蚂蚁阻隔剂。
二、蚂蚁阻隔剂的阻隔效果鉴定：
1、悬挂阻隔效果实验
取实施例一、实施例二所得阻隔剂，针对蚂蚁进行阻隔效果实验：
实验方法：在海南省文昌市选取2个椰子种植园，面积约150亩，分别标记为A1、A2，分别在A1、A2中间隔设置300个杯状释放器(在其中放入椰心叶甲寄生蜂，设置方式：悬挂)。其中150个释放器的悬挂线上涂抹阻隔剂作为实验例，50个释放器的悬挂线上不涂抹阻隔剂作为对照Ⅰ、50个释放器的悬挂线上涂抹溴氰虫酰胺作为对照Ⅱ、50个释放器的悬挂线上涂抹樟脑作为对照Ⅲ。
效果：以没有蚂蚁在释放器上爬行作为阻隔依据。2020年6月放置释放器后观察蚂蚁阻隔效果，每12h观察一次，连续观察48h。统计释放器阻隔数(释放器上无蚂蚁)，计算有效率。实验结果如表1所示。
表1悬挂阻隔情况
Figure BDA0002804820980000031
上述结果表明，本发明所提供的蚂蚁阻隔剂，在寄生蜂释放器悬挂实验中，处理48h后，相对于对照Ⅰ、对照Ⅱ、对照Ⅲ的阻隔效果，本发明对蚂蚁具有较好的阻隔作用，对蚂蚁的阻隔有效率达到93％以上，能有效防止蚂蚁爬入释放器内取食寄生蜂及其寄主，保证寄生蜂释放效果，对实现植物生物防治具有非常重要的意义。
2、树干阻隔效果实验
取实施例三、实施例四所得阻隔剂，针对蚂蚁进行阻隔效果实验：
实验方法：在海南省屯昌县选取2个槟榔种植园，面积约100亩，分别标记为B1、B2，分别在B1、B2中间隔设置300个试管状释放器(在其中放入褐带卷蛾茧蜂，设置方式：固定在树干上)。其中150个释放器的安装树干的四周涂抹阻隔剂作为实验例，50个释放器的安装树干上不涂抹阻隔剂作为对照Ⅰ、50个释放器的安装树干上涂抹溴氰虫酰胺作为对照Ⅱ、50个释放器的安装树干上涂抹樟脑作为对照Ⅲ。
效果：以没有蚂蚁在释放器上爬行作为阻隔依据。2020年7月放置释放器后观察蚂蚁阻隔效果，每12h观察一次，连续观察48h。统计释放器阻隔数(释放器上无蚂蚁)，计算有效率。实验结果如表1所示。
表1释放器阻隔蚂蚁情况
Figure BDA0002804820980000041
上述结果表明，本发明所提供的蚂蚁阻隔剂，在寄生蜂释放器树干固定实验中，处理48h后，相对于对照Ⅰ、对照Ⅱ、对照Ⅲ的阻隔效果，本发明对蚂蚁具有较好的阻隔作用，对蚂蚁的阻隔有效率达到94％以上，能有效防止蚂蚁爬入释放器内取食寄生蜂及其寄主，保证寄生蜂释放效果，对实现植物生物防治具有非常重要的意义。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种蚂蚁阻隔剂，其特征是将溴氰虫酰胺、樟脑和粘着成分混合均匀而制得，其中按重量比计各成分的重量份数为：溴氰虫酰胺20～40份、樟脑15～30份、粘着成分10～50份；所述粘着成分是具有粘附性的物质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蚂蚁阻隔剂，其特征在于：所述粘着成分是油漆、糊精、凡士林、植物油、矿物油、骨胶、明胶、琼脂或卡拉胶中的一种或几种的组合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蚂蚁阻隔剂，其特征在于：所述樟脑为直接从樟树中提取的活性物质，或人工合成的液体状、固体状、膏状的樟脑活性成分。
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