CN112293317A - Method for detecting hatchability of fertilized eggs in salmon spawning site under natural condition - Google Patents
Method for detecting hatchability of fertilized eggs in salmon spawning site under natural condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112293317A CN112293317A CN202011299874.3A CN202011299874A CN112293317A CN 112293317 A CN112293317 A CN 112293317A CN 202011299874 A CN202011299874 A CN 202011299874A CN 112293317 A CN112293317 A CN 112293317A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions, relates to the field of fishery, and solves the problem that the hatchability is inaccurate due to damage of the fertilized eggs in the salmon spawning site under natural conditions. According to the invention, the fertilized eggs of the salmon are collected from the migration water section of the salmon, and the impurities of the collected fertilized eggs of the salmon are removed through the fish-egg separator, so that the fertilized eggs of the salmon can be prevented from being damaged as far as possible, and the impurities can be removed. According to the invention, impurities in fertilized eggs of salmon are removed in a water flowing mode, so that damage to the fertilized eggs is reduced, normal eggs are not damaged, the reduction of the number of the normal eggs in later incubation is avoided, and the detection accuracy of the incubation rate is improved. The invention is applied to the field of salmon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fishery, in particular to a method for detecting the hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions.
Background
The salmon (Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum) is a typical cold water fish with reproductive migration type, and has high scientific value, economic value and academic research value due to the special characteristics of survival, inhabitation and reproduction. The salmon is mainly distributed in the pacific and arctic sea areas with north latitude of 35-73 degrees and east longitude of 120-123 degrees and rivers with sea mouths, and is only distributed in Heilongjiang, Suisu and rivers of the figures in China. The salmon usually lives in the ocean for 3-5 years (usually, the 3-5 years old reaches sexual maturity), and can move forward 30-35 kilometers every day and night in autumn along the river without going to work, and the salmon can not retreat regardless of a shallow canyon or a torrent waterfall, and can move back to a river in a place where the salmon is born to perform spawning reproduction by rushing over heavy obstacles, and adult fishes cannot eat after entering a freshwater reproduction period. The salmon has strict requirements on the conditions of a spawning site, the environment is kept quiet, the water quality is clear, the water depth is about 20-70 cm, the temperature is 4-11 ℃, the flow rate is 0-0.3 m/s, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6.3mg/L, pH and is 6.0-8.0, the bottom of a river bed is gravel or pebbles, and the particle size range of the river section is 2-10 cm. The spawning period is mostly concentrated from 10 late to 11 middle of the month each year, the male fish before spawning uses a tail fin to flap gravel, and a round pit with the diameter of about 100 cm and the depth of about 30 cm is formed by the impact of water flow and is called a 'crouching'; the female fish spawns in the sleeper, while the male fish ejaculates semen. The female fish repeatedly pokes gravel through the tail fin to bury the eggs. After spawning, the male and female fishes wander around the spawning ground for a long time. The salmon fish fry is difficult to migrate for a long distance, food is not taken during migration, a 'lying son' is built to lay eggs, physical strength is exhausted, the salmon fish after laying eggs is dark in body color, lean in body constitution is damaged all over the body, and edible value is lost. Therefore, the offspring die 7 to 14 days after spawning, and the task of breeding the offspring is hard to be completed.
At present, due to climate change and artificial damage, the inhabited water area of the salmon is reduced, and the spawning ground is lost, so that the resource amount of the salmon is seriously reduced. Therefore, it is particularly important to actively carry out the habitat characteristic research of the marijuana and harpoon spawning site under natural conditions, and the hatchability index of the fertilized eggs is a key index for research and research, but in the process of acquiring the fertilized eggs, the fertilized eggs are often damaged in the operations of impurity removal and the like, so that the problem of inaccurate statistical result is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the hatchability detection is inaccurate due to damage of fertilized eggs in the fertilized egg acquisition in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions, and provides a method for detecting the hatchability of the fertilized eggs in the salmon spawning site under natural conditions.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions, which is carried out according to the following steps:
1) observing geographical characteristics of a water area from the air in a migration spawning river section of the salmon, selecting an expected salmon spawning section, selecting a plurality of water areas suitable for the salmon to spawn, digging a bottom material 30-40 cm, placing a screen type fish nest and burying the fish nest, digging the fish nest and collecting the screen type fish nest containing the salmon fertilized eggs after the salmon spawns and breeds for 3-5 months;
2) placing the fertilized eggs of the salmon collected in the previous step in an egg separator, removing impurities through the egg separator, detecting the collected eggs, removing the number of dead fertilized eggs of the salmon, carrying out artificial incubation on the remaining fertilized eggs of the salmon, and then analyzing incubation results, namely completing the method for detecting the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs in the fertilized egg field of the salmon under natural conditions;
wherein, the fish egg separator comprises a separator body and a water pipe; the top of the separator body is provided with an opening, a cover is covered at the opening, the middle of the cover is provided with an opening, and the bottom of the water pipe penetrates through the opening of the cover and is arranged close to the bottom of the separator body; the separator comprises a separator body, a fish egg separation area is arranged at the upper part of the separator body, a fish egg containing basket is arranged in the fish egg separation area, an inverted-truncated-cone-shaped supporting seat is arranged at the center of the bottom of the fish egg containing basket, the middle of the supporting seat is opened, the bottom of a water pipe penetrates through the opening of the supporting seat, and the supporting seat is arranged on a supporting plate transversely arranged in the separator body; the supporting seat is in curved surface contact with the supporting plate, and a protective net is arranged at the upper part of the roe containing basket; a guide plate is arranged between the water pipe and the separator body; the flow guide plate consists of two arc-shaped plates with the same size, the lower parts of the arc-shaped plates are bent upwards, and the two arc-shaped plates are connected with the bottom of the separator body through support rods; a water outlet is formed in the upper part of the separator body;
the supporting plate is provided with a plurality of water through holes, and the side wall of the fish egg containing basket is provided with a plurality of water through holes along the circumferential direction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the impurities of the collected salmon zygotes are removed through the fish egg separator, so that the impurities can be removed while the salmon zygotes are ensured not to be damaged as far as possible. According to the invention, purified water is continuously introduced into the water through pipe, the flow rate and the flow rate are adjusted according to actual conditions, the fish egg containing basket arranged in the fish egg separation area is used for containing salmon fertilized eggs to be separated, through holes are formed in the circumferential direction and the bottom of the fish egg containing basket, the fish egg containing baskets with different through holes are selected to be used for containing fish eggs according to the average particle size of the salmon fertilized eggs collected actually, the fish egg containing baskets are arranged on the supporting plate and are in curved surface contact with the supporting plate through the supporting seat, the fish egg containing basket can flow along with the water in the fish egg separator to be driven to shake in the fish egg separation area, and impurities such as sand and stones clamped between the fertilized eggs can be thoroughly separated out and then are precipitated to the bottom of the fish egg separator through the through holes in the supporting plate. According to actual conditions, the distance between the fish egg containing basket and the inner wall of the fish egg separator is set, so that the shaking amplitude of the fish egg containing basket is controlled. In order to increase the disturbance amplitude of water flow in the fish-egg separator, a guide plate is arranged and consists of two arc plates with the same size, the bottom of the guide plate is bent upwards, water flow coming out of a water service pipe can rapidly move upwards after passing through the guide plate, and kinetic energy is increased, so that water in the separator is driven to flow faster or to flow to a larger extent. And then can more thoroughly clear away the impurity such as tiny gravel and sand of pressing from both sides between the roe.
According to the invention, impurities in salmon roes are removed in a water flowing mode, so that damage to the salmon roes is reduced, normal roes are prevented from being damaged, the reduction of the number of the normal roes in later incubation is avoided, and the detection accuracy of the incubation rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the fish egg separator of the present invention;
the fish roe separator comprises a separator body 1, a water pipe 2, a cover 3, a fish roe containing basket 4, a supporting seat 5, a supporting plate 6, a protective screen 7, a flow guide plate 8, an arc-shaped plate 81, an anti-collision rubber block 9, a water outlet 10 and a salmon roe 11.
Detailed Description
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
To make the objects, aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description clearly illustrates the spirit of the disclosure, and any person skilled in the art, after understanding the embodiments of the disclosure, may make changes and modifications to the technology taught by the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are provided to explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment will be described, which is a method for detecting the hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions, and the method is performed according to the following steps:
1) observing geographical characteristics of a water area from the air in a migration spawning river section of the salmon, selecting an expected salmon spawning section, selecting a plurality of water areas suitable for the salmon to spawn, digging a bottom material 30-40 cm, placing a screen type fish nest and burying the fish nest, digging the fish nest and collecting the screen type fish nest containing the salmon fertilized eggs after the salmon spawns and breeds for 3-5 months;
2) placing the fertilized eggs of the salmon collected in the previous step in an egg separator, removing impurities through the egg separator, detecting the collected eggs, removing the number of dead fertilized eggs of the salmon, carrying out artificial incubation on the remaining fertilized eggs of the salmon, and then analyzing incubation results, namely completing the method for detecting the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs in the fertilized egg field of the salmon under natural conditions;
wherein, the fish egg separator comprises a separator body 1 and a water pipe 2; the top of the separator body 1 is provided with an opening, a cover 3 is covered at the opening, the middle of the cover 3 is provided with an opening, and the bottom of the water pipe 2 passes through the opening of the cover 3 and is arranged close to the bottom of the separator body 1; the separator comprises a separator body 1, a fish egg separation area is arranged at the upper part of the separator body 1, a fish egg containing basket 4 is arranged in the fish egg separation area, an inverted-truncated-cone-shaped supporting seat 5 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the fish egg containing basket 4, the middle of the supporting seat 5 is opened, the bottom of a water pipe 2 penetrates through the opening of the supporting seat 5, and the supporting seat 5 is arranged on a supporting plate 6 transversely arranged in the separator body 1; the supporting seat 5 is in curved surface contact with the supporting plate 6, and the upper part of the roe containing basket 4 is provided with a protective net 7; a guide plate 8 is arranged between the water pipe 2 and the separator body 1; the guide plate 8 consists of two arc-shaped plates 81 with the same size, the lower parts of the arc-shaped plates 81 are bent upwards, and the two arc-shaped plates 81 are connected with the bottom of the separator body 1 through support rods; a water outlet 10 is arranged at the upper part of the separator body 1;
the supporting plate 6 is provided with a plurality of water through holes, and the side wall of the fish egg containing basket 4 is provided with a plurality of water through holes along the circumferential direction.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and is different from the specific embodiment in that: the water inlet of the water pipe 2 is trumpet-shaped.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the lateral wall of the upper part of the fish egg containing basket 4 is evenly distributed with a plurality of anti-collision rubber blocks 9 along the circumferential direction.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and is different from the specific embodiment in that: the tops of the two arc-shaped plates 81 are positioned in the water pipe 2.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the separator body 1 is of a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the screen type fish nest is in a cage-shaped structure formed by encircling steel wire meshes.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: this embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the water area suitable for the spawning of the salmon is a water area with water depth generally ranging from 20 cm to 70cm, temperature ranging from 4 ℃ to 11 ℃, flow rate ranging from 0 m/s to 0.3m/s, dissolved oxygen of more than 6.3mg/L, pH ranging from 6.0 to 8.0, river bed bottom materials of gravel or pebbles and particle size ranging from 2 cm to 10 cm.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: this embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that: the habitat characteristics of the salmon migration spawning river section are similar to those of a Hanhui mantle river section of a Huma river tributary. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example 1
The method for detecting the hatchability of the fertilized eggs in the salmon spawning site under natural conditions is carried out according to the following steps:
1) observing geographical characteristics of a water area from the air in a migration spawning river section of the salmon, selecting an expected salmon spawning section, selecting a plurality of water areas suitable for the salmon to spawn, digging a bottom material 30-40 cm, placing a screen type fish nest and burying the fish nest, digging the fish nest and collecting the screen type fish nest containing the salmon fertilized eggs after the salmon spawns and breeds for about 4 months;
2) placing the fertilized eggs of the salmon collected in the previous step in an egg separator, removing impurities through the egg separator, detecting the collected eggs, removing the number of dead salmon eggs, artificially incubating the rest salmon eggs, and analyzing an incubation result to finish the method for detecting the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs in the salmon spawning yard under the natural condition;
wherein, the fish egg separator comprises a separator body 1 and a water pipe 2; the top of the separator body 1 is provided with an opening, a cover 3 is covered at the opening, the middle of the cover 3 is provided with an opening, and the bottom of the water pipe 2 passes through the opening of the cover 3 and is arranged close to the bottom of the separator body 1; the separator comprises a separator body 1, a fish egg separation area is arranged at the upper part of the separator body 1, a fish egg containing basket 4 is arranged in the fish egg separation area, an inverted-truncated-cone-shaped supporting seat 5 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the fish egg containing basket 4, the middle of the supporting seat 5 is opened, the bottom of a water pipe 2 penetrates through the opening of the supporting seat 5, and the supporting seat 5 is arranged on a supporting plate 6 transversely arranged in the separator body 1; the supporting seat 5 is in curved surface contact with the supporting plate 6, and the upper part of the roe containing basket 4 is provided with a protective net 7; a guide plate 8 is arranged between the water pipe 2 and the separator body 1; the guide plate 8 consists of two arc-shaped plates 81 with the same size, the lower parts of the arc-shaped plates 81 are bent upwards, and the two arc-shaped plates 81 are connected with the bottom of the separator body 1 through support rods; a water outlet 10 is arranged at the upper part of the separator body 1;
the supporting plate 6 is provided with a plurality of water through holes, and the side wall of the fish egg containing basket 4 is provided with a plurality of water through holes along the circumferential direction. The water inlet of the water pipe 2 is trumpet-shaped. The lateral wall of the upper part of the fish egg containing basket 4 is evenly distributed with a plurality of anti-collision rubber blocks 9 along the circumferential direction. The tops of the two arc-shaped plates 81 are positioned in the water pipe 2. The separator body 1 is of a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part. The screen type fish nest is in a cage-shaped structure formed by encircling steel wire meshes.
In 2018, in 4 months, fertilized eggs of salmon were collected from the huma river-hanhui mantle, a tributary of Heilongjiang, and placed in the roe separator of this example, to separate impurities. And then hatching the separated normal salmon fertilized eggs, detecting the hatching rate, and detecting that about 0.8 percent of salmon fertilized eggs are damaged and cannot be normally hatched after passing through a fish egg separator. The method provided by the embodiment is capable of effectively detecting the hatchability of fertilized eggs of salmon.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting the hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) observing geographical characteristics of a water area from the air in a migration spawning river section of the salmon, selecting an expected salmon spawning section, selecting a plurality of water areas suitable for the salmon to spawn, digging a bottom material 30-40 cm, placing a screen type fish nest and burying the fish nest, digging the fish nest and collecting the screen type fish nest containing the salmon fertilized eggs after the salmon spawns and breeds for 3-4 months;
2) placing the fertilized eggs of the salmon collected in the previous step in an egg separator, removing impurities through the egg separator, detecting the collected eggs, removing the number of dead fertilized eggs of the salmon, carrying out artificial incubation on the remaining fertilized eggs of the salmon, and then analyzing incubation results, namely completing the method for detecting the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs in the fertilized egg field of the salmon under natural conditions;
wherein, the fish egg separator comprises a separator body (1) and a water pipe (2); the top of the separator body (1) is provided with an opening, a cover (3) is covered at the opening, the middle of the cover (3) is provided with an opening, and the bottom of the water pipe (2) penetrates through the opening of the cover (3) and is arranged close to the bottom of the separator body (1); a fish egg separation area is arranged at the upper part of the separator body (1), a fish egg containing basket (4) is arranged in the fish egg separation area, an inverted circular truncated cone-shaped supporting seat (5) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the fish egg containing basket (4), the middle of the supporting seat (5) is open, the bottom of the water pipe (2) penetrates through the opening of the supporting seat (5), and the supporting seat (5) is arranged on a supporting plate (6) transversely arranged in the separator body (1); the supporting seat (5) is in curved surface contact with the supporting plate (6), and a protective net (7) is arranged at the upper part of the fish egg containing basket (4); a guide plate (8) is arranged between the water pipe (2) and the separator body (1); the flow guide plate (8) consists of two arc-shaped plates (81) with the same size, the lower parts of the arc-shaped plates (81) are bent upwards, and the two arc-shaped plates (81) are connected with the bottom of the separator body (1) through supporting rods; a water outlet (10) is arranged at the upper part of the separator body (1);
the supporting plate (6) is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the bottom and the side wall of the fish egg containing basket (4) are provided with a plurality of through holes along the circumferential direction.
2. The method for detecting the hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning yard under natural conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water inlet of the water pipe (2) is trumpet-shaped.
3. The method for detecting the hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper side wall of the fish egg containing basket (4) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of anti-collision rubber blocks (9).
4. The method for detecting hatchability of fertilized eggs in a spawning site of salmon under natural conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top portions of said two arc-shaped plates (81) are located in the water pipe (2).
5. The method for detecting hatchability of fertilized eggs in a salmon spawning site under natural conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein said separator body (1) has a structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fish nest is a cage-like structure surrounded by a steel wire mesh with mesh holes.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water area suitable for the spawning of salmon generally has a water depth of 20-70 cm, a temperature of 4-11 ℃, a flow rate of 0-0.3 m/s, a dissolved oxygen content of 6.3mg/L, pH of 6.0-8.0, a bed bottom of gravel or pebbles, and a particle size of 2-10 cm.
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| CN112293317B (en) | 2022-07-19 |
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