CN112292216B

CN112292216B - Treatment device and treatment method for food waste packaged by plastic

Info

Publication number: CN112292216B
Application number: CN201980039470.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 下濑真一
Original assignee: Shimase Institute Of Microbiology Ltd
Current assignee: Shimase Institute Of Microbiology Ltd
Priority date: 2018-07-31
Filing date: 2019-07-30
Publication date: 2022-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-30
Also published as: JP2020018963A; CN112292216A; WO2020027131A1; JP7114064B2

Abstract

A plastic-packaged food waste treatment device is provided with: a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 3 which stores food waste packaged with a plastic packaging material in a sealed container in a packaged state, heats the food waste to a predetermined temperature Fan Weibian under reduced pressure, stirs the food waste to decompose only organic components of the food waste by microorganisms, and reduces the volume of the food waste and dries the food waste; and a screening machine 4 for separating the microbial-decomposed volume-reduced dried product from the packaging material which is not subjected to microbial decomposition. With this configuration, even if the plastic-packaged food waste is put in a packaged state, only the organic volume-reduced dried product can be obtained.

Description

Treatment device and treatment method for food waste packaged by plastic

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for treating food waste for effectively recycling plastic-packaged food waste.

Background

Conventionally, when organic components of food waste packaged with plastic are reused for composting or the like, it is necessary to first peel off the plastic package by manual work using a cutter or the like by a person and then separate only organic substances of the contents.

Patent document 1 discloses a conventional technique for decomposing organic components of food waste.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2007-319738

Patent document 2: japanese patent No. 4153685

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

However, in order to reuse the food waste for composting and the like, the following operations are required: in advance, the plastic packaging material is peeled off from each of the plurality of packaged organic wastes by a manual operation to use only the contents, which is a troublesome operation.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide: even if the organic matter packaged by the packaging material is charged into the reduced pressure fermentation drying device in a packaged state, the packaging material is removed to obtain only the organic dry matter, and the apparatus and the method for processing the plastic-packaged food waste are provided.

Means for solving the problems

In order to achieve the above object, an apparatus for treating plastic-packaged food waste according to the present invention includes: a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus for containing food waste packaged with a plastic packaging material in a sealed container in a packaged state, heating the food waste to a predetermined temperature of Fan Weibian under reduced pressure, stirring the food waste, decomposing only organic components of the food waste into microorganisms by the microorganisms, and reducing the volume of the food waste and drying the food waste; and a separating device for separating the microbial decomposed volume-reduced dried product from the packaging material which is not decomposed by the microorganisms.

According to the present invention, when food waste packaged with a plastic packaging material is stored in a sealed container in a packaged state, organic components of the food waste are decomposed by microorganisms in the sealed container by a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus, thereby obtaining a dried product with a reduced volume. The volume-reduced dried product and the packaging material that has not been subjected to microbial decomposition are mixed in the closed container, and the volume-reduced dried product and the packaging material that has not been subjected to microbial decomposition are separated from each other by a separation device, whereby only the volume-reduced dried product is obtained. Therefore, it is not necessary to repeat the operation of manually peeling off each of the plurality of food waste packaged with the plastic packaging material as in the conventional art, and the trouble can be avoided.

In the present invention, it is preferable to provide: a washing and crushing device for washing and crushing the separated packaging material with water; a dehydrating device for dehydrating the washed and crushed packaging material; and a moisture removing device that removes moisture from the aforementioned dehydrated packaging material. With this configuration, the separated packaging material is washed, finely crushed, and further, moisture is removed, so that the separated packaging material can be a clean recyclable substance with a small size.

In the present invention, it is preferable to provide a foreign matter screening device for removing foreign matter mixed into the volume-reduced dried product and the packaging material. With this configuration, foreign matter such as metal mixed into the dried product obtained by the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus and the separated packaging material can be easily removed by the foreign matter screening apparatus.

In the present invention, it is preferable to provide a sieve device for removing the residue contained in the water removed from the packaging material by the dewatering device. With this configuration, the residue contained in the water removed from the packaging material can be removed by the sieve device, and the drainage treatment of the dehydrated water can be facilitated.

In the present invention, the water from which the residue has been removed by the sieve device is preferably subjected to evaporation treatment by the reduced-pressure fermentation drying device. With this configuration, the evaporation treatment of the water from which the residue has been removed can be realized by the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus. In this case, it is preferable to include a switching device that switches: the water from which the residue is removed is supplied to the reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus or to a sewage treatment apparatus. With this configuration, when a sewage treatment apparatus is installed in the vicinity, the switching device can be switched to the sewage treatment apparatus side, and the sewage from which the residue is removed can be subjected to the drainage treatment by the sewage treatment apparatus.

Further, the present invention is a method for treating plastic-packaged food waste, comprising: a reduced-pressure fermentation drying step of storing the food waste packaged with the plastic packaging material in a sealed container in a packaged state, heating the food waste to a predetermined temperature of Fan Weibian under reduced pressure, stirring the food waste, and subjecting only the organic components of the food waste to microbial decomposition by microorganisms, followed by volume-reduction drying; and a separation step of separating the volume-reduced dried product decomposed by the microorganisms from the packaging material not decomposed by the microorganisms. By such a treatment method, the same effects as those of the above-described apparatus for treating plastic-packaged food waste can be obtained.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

In the apparatus and method for treating plastic-packaged food waste according to the present invention, only the food waste packaged with the plastic packaging material is stored in a sealed container in a packaged state, and the organic component of the food waste is decomposed by microorganisms in the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus to obtain a dried product with a reduced volume, and the packaging material mixed with the dried product is separated from the dried product with a separating apparatus to obtain only the dried product with a reduced volume. Therefore, it is not necessary to repeat the work of peeling off each of the packaging materials by hand from the plurality of food waste packaged with plastic, and the trouble can be avoided.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall schematic configuration of a plastic-packaged food waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a charging device, a reduced-pressure fermentation drying device, a screening machine, a cleaning/crushing machine, and the like of the treatment apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the processing apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a schematic configuration of a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus provided in the processing apparatus of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a sieving machine included in the processing apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an internal configuration of a cleaning crusher included in the processing apparatus.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an internal structure of a dehydrator included in the processing apparatus.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing the internal configuration of a vibratory screening machine included in the processing apparatus.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a plastic-packaged food waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a front view showing a charging device, a reduced-pressure fermentation drying device, a cleaning crusher, and the like of the treatment apparatus. Fig. 3 is a side view showing a loading apparatus, a reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus, a screening machine, and the like of the processing apparatus, and fig. 4 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus of the processing apparatus.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a treatment apparatus 1 for plastic-packaged food waste (hereinafter, also referred to as "treatment apparatus") includes a charging apparatus 2, a reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3, a screening machine 4, a cleaning and crushing machine 5, a dewatering machine 6, a vibration screening machine 7, a cyclone 69, and the like.

In the processing apparatus 1, as a processing object, a packaged food is obtained by packaging unsold and expired organic food waste such as tofu, konjak, jelly, and the like with a plastic packaging material such as a plastic container or a film bag.

In the treatment apparatus 1, the food waste (hereinafter, referred to as "organic packaging material") packaged with the plastic packaging material is introduced into the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 by the introduction apparatus 2, the plastic packaging material (hereinafter, also referred to as "packaging material") is heated and stirred under reduced pressure, and thereby the introduced organic packaging material is broken and peeled off, and the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 performs a reduced-pressure fermentation drying treatment (reduced-pressure fermentation drying step) on the organic material (hereinafter, referred to as "organic content") which is the content of the packaging material (hereinafter, referred to as "broken packaging material") from which the broken and peeled packaging material has been peeled off. The dried product obtained by the reduced pressure fermentation drying process by the reduced pressure fermentation dryer 3 and the broken packaging materials mixed in the dried product are sent to a screening machine 4 by a discharge conveyor 41, and the dried product and the broken packaging materials are separated by the screening machine 4, and a foreign material removal process (foreign material removal process) is performed in which foreign materials such as metals mixed into the dried product and the broken packaging materials are removed. The dried product separated from the broken packing material is stored in the storage container 44 as an organic fertilizer or the like.

On the other hand, the broken packaging material from which the foreign matter has been removed is sent to the cleaning crusher 5, and is cleaned with water by the cleaning crusher 5, and a cleaning crushing treatment (cleaning crushing step) is performed for finely crushing the packaging material. Then, a large amount of the broken packaging materials (hereinafter, referred to as packaging sheets) which are washed and crushed into granules or small pieces are sent to the dehydrator 6 to be dehydrated by the dehydrator 6 in order to remove the washed waste water from the packaging sheets (dehydration step). The dehydrated large amount of packaging sheets are sent to the cyclone 69 by the dehydrator 6, and a moisture removal process is performed in which moisture is removed by the cyclone 69 and dried (moisture removal step). By this moisture removal process, the finally clean and dust-proof small-sized packaging sheet is in a reusable state and is collected in the collection container 69c.

Further, the sewage water removed from the packaging sheet by the dehydrator 6 is sent to the vibratory screening machine 7, and the residue contained in the sewage water is removed by the vibratory screening machine 7. The sewage from which the residue is removed is selectively sent to the vacuum fermentation dryer 3 or the sewage treatment apparatus 10, and is subjected to evaporation treatment or drainage treatment.

Fig. 3 shows, for example, the processing apparatus 1 installed in the building 100, and the loading apparatus 2, the vacuum fermentation dryer 3, the screening machine 4, and the like are installed at predetermined positions in the building 100. In fig. 3, the wall, roof, louver, and the like of the building 100 are indicated by two-dot chain lines. Although not shown in fig. 3, the cleaning crusher 5, the dewatering machine 6, the vibratory screening machine 7, and the like may be installed in the building 100. Hereinafter, each device provided in the processing apparatus 1 will be described.

A packaging organic material, for example, vacuum-packed with a packaging material such as plastic, is charged in a packaged state and stored in the charging box 21. The loading device 2 supplies the packaged organic matter in the loading tank 21 to the loading port 30a of the vacuum fermentation dryer 3. The loading device 2 is configured as a flip-type loading device, for example. The loading box 21 is transported from, for example, a storage warehouse to a predetermined position of the loading device 2 by a forklift or the like, not shown. The loading box 21 provided at a predetermined position of the loading device 2 is driven by an electric motor or the like, not shown, and is lifted upward along the 1 pair of

guide rails

22, 22 extending in the vertical direction. When the loading box 21 is raised to the upper end portions of the 1 pair of guide rails 22, the loading box 21 is turned upside down by rotating about a horizontal shaft 23 provided between the 1 pair of

guide rails

22, 22. The packaged organic matter stored in the loading tank 21 is loaded into the loading port 30a of the vacuum fermentation dryer 3 in accordance with the turning operation of the loading tank 21.

The reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 is, for example, a known dryer described in patent document 1 or the like, and heats and stirs a packaged organic matter to be treated under reduced pressure to a predetermined temperature Fan Weibian, and the packaging material of the packaged organic matter expands, is stretched to be thin, and is broken, deformed, or the like by the heating and stirring under reduced pressure, thereby being peeled from the content organic matter, and is brought into a state in which the content organic matter flies out to the outside, and the organic component of the content organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms to obtain a dried product with reduced volume.

As schematically shown in fig. 4, the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 includes a substantially cylindrical tank (pressure-resistant tank) 30 formed in an airtight manner so as to keep the inside at atmospheric pressure or lower, as a sealed container for storing the packaged organic material charged from the charging device 2. A heating jacket 31 is provided on the peripheral wall of the tank 30 so that heating steam is supplied from the steam generating boiler 9 to the heating jacket 31. The temperature of the steam supplied from the steam generation boiler 9 is preferably, for example, about 140 ℃.

Further, a stirring shaft 32 extending in the longitudinal direction (the left-right direction in fig. 4) is provided inside the tank 30 so as to be surrounded by the heating jacket 31. The stirring shaft 32 is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the motor 32a. A plurality of stirring plates 32b are provided at intervals in the axial direction of the stirring shaft 32, and the organic matter and the broken packing material are stirred by the stirring plates 32b, and after the fermentation drying is completed, the dried material and the broken packing material mixed with the dried material are transported in the longitudinal direction of the tank 30.

An inlet 30a for the packaged organic matter supplied from the input device 2 is provided at the upper part of the longitudinal center of the tank 30, and the packaged organic matter input from the inlet 30a is heated by the heating jacket 31 under reduced pressure and stirred by the rotation of the stirring shaft 32. By heating and stirring under reduced pressure, the packaging material that packages the organic matter expands, becomes thinner, and breaks, deforms, etc. and is peeled off, and the organic matter contained in the packaged organic matter is in a state of flying out from the broken packaging material to the outside, and the organic component contained in the organic matter contained in the packaged organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms. After a predetermined time has elapsed, the treated dried product with reduced volume is discharged from the discharge portion 30b provided at the lower portion of the can 30 together with the broken packing material. Instead of the electric motor 32a, a hydraulic motor may be used.

A guide portion 30c is provided to protrude from an upper portion of the tank 30, and the guide portion 30c guides vapor generated from the heated content organic matter to the condensing portion 33. In the present embodiment, 2 guide portions 30c are provided, and each guide portion 30c is disposed 1 by 1 on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the tank 30 so as to sandwich the inlet 30a. The condenser 33 includes a plurality of cooling pipes 33b supported by the pair of headers 33a 1, and a cooling water passage 80 is provided between the plurality of cooling pipes 33b and the condenser tower 8. In the present embodiment, the condensing portion 33 extends in parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tank 30, and the condensing portion 33 is disposed on the rear side of the inlet 30a and the guide portion 30 c.

Then, the cooling water that flows through the cooling pipe 33b in the condensation unit 33 and has an increased temperature due to heat exchange with the high-temperature steam flows through the cooling water passage 80 and flows into the water receiving tank 81 of the condensation tower 8, as schematically shown by arrows in fig. 4. The condensation tower 8 is provided with a scoop pump 82 for scooping up the cooling water from the water receiving tank 81, and a nozzle 83 for jetting the scooped cooling water. The cooling water sprayed from the nozzle 83 is subjected to a temperature drop by the air blown from the blower 85 while flowing down through the lower flow portion 84, and flows into the water receiving tank 81 again.

The cooling water cooled by the condensation tower 8 is sent by the cooling water pump 86, is sent to the condensation unit 33 through the cooling water passage 80, and flows through the plurality of cooling pipes 33b again. After the temperature rises due to the heat exchange with the steam generated inside the tank 30 as described above, the cooling water again flows through the cooling water passage 80 and flows into the water receiving tank 81 of the condensation tower 8. That is, the cooling water circulates through the cooling water passage 80 between the condensing unit 33 and the condensing tower 8.

In addition to the cooling water circulating as described above, condensed water obtained by condensing the vapor generated from the heated content organic matter in the condensing unit 33 is injected into the condensing tower 8. Although not shown, the condensed water generated by heat exchange with the high-temperature steam is collected below the condensing unit 33. Further, a vacuum pump 36 is connected to the condenser 33 through a communication passage 35 to reduce the pressure in the tank 30.

That is, by the operation of the vacuum pump 36, air and condensed water are extracted from the condensation portion 33 through the communication path 35, and further, air and vapor in the tank 30 are extracted through the communication path 34 and the guide portion 30 c. In this way, the condensed water is pumped out from the condenser 33 to the vacuum pump 36, and is guided from the vacuum pump 36 to the water receiving tank 81 of the condensation tower 8 through the water conduit.

The condensate introduced into the water receiving tank 81 of the condensation tower 8 in this manner is mixed with the cooling water, sucked up by the suction pump 82 as described above, sprayed from the nozzle 83, and then flows down in the lower flow portion 84 to be cooled. Since the condensed water contains microorganisms that are the same as those added to the organic matter contained in the tank 30 and the odor components and the like contained in the condensed water are decomposed, the odor does not diffuse to the outside of the tank 30.

The operation of the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 configured as described above is explained, in which the packaged organic material stored in the tank 30 is heated under reduced pressure by the heating steam supplied to the heating jacket 31, and is stirred with the rotation of the stirring shaft 32. By heating and stirring under reduced pressure, the packaging material that packages the organic matter expands, is stretched, and is broken and peeled off, and the content organic matter flies out from the broken packaging material, and the broken packaging material and the content organic matter are mixed and present. Then, it is subjected to heating from the outside by the heating jacket 31 inside the surrounding tank 30 and heating from the inside by the stirring shaft 32 and the like, so that the content organic matter is efficiently warmed up, and the content organic matter and the broken packing material are stirred by the stirring shaft 32. The pressure in the tank 30 is reduced by the operation of the vacuum pump 36, the boiling point in the tank 30 is lowered, and water is evaporated in a temperature range in which the decomposition of the organic component of the content organic matter is promoted by the microorganism.

In the reduced-pressure fermentation drying step by the reduced-

pressure fermentation dryer

3, 1 step (1 cycle), for example, preferably 2 hours, is a fermentation step in which the organic components of the content organic matter are first decomposed in 30 minutes. When the pressure in the tank 30 is reduced to-0.06 to-0.07 MPa (gauge pressure; hereinafter, gauge pressure is omitted), the temperature of the water in the tank 30 is maintained at 76 to 69 ℃ (saturated vapor temperature). As a result, fermentation and decomposition of the organic substances are promoted by the microorganisms described later.

Subsequently, the organic matter in the fermentation was dried over 1.5 hours. Therefore, the following drying process is performed: when the pressure in the tank 30 is further reduced to-0.09 to-0.10 MPa, the water temperature in the tank is maintained at 46 to 42 ℃ (saturated vapor temperature), and drying of the organic substances is sufficiently promoted. In the case of performing such drying treatment, it is preferable that the microorganisms added to the organic matter in the tank 30 are a complex effective microorganism group, which is obtained by pre-culturing a plurality of indigenous bacteria, as described in patent document 2, and which is generally called SHIMOSE 1/2/3 group, as the center of the colony.

Note that SHIMOSE 1 was FERM BP-7504 (international deposit at 3/14/2003 in the patent microorganism collection center of the institute of biotechnology and industry, institute of integrated technology and industry, japan economic and industrial sciences) (1-3, 1 st, east 1 th, bazao, ken, ltd., japan). Note that shimse 2 is FERM BP-7505 (international depository was performed in the same manner as shimse 1) and is a microorganism belonging to Pichia farinosa (Pichia farinosa) having salt tolerance, and shimse 3 is FERM BP-7506 (international depository was performed in the same manner as shimse 1) and is a microorganism belonging to Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus).

Here, the procedure of the reduced pressure fermentation and drying process of the organic material by the reduced pressure fermentation dryer 3 will be described. First, the object to be treated containing the organic substances is put into the vacuum fermentation dryer 3 while being packed in a packing material. At this time, the lid of the inlet 30a of the tank 30 of the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 is opened, and the packaged organic matter stored in the inlet box 21 is introduced from the inlet 30a by the introducing device 2. Then, the lid of the inlet 30a is closed, and the interior of the tank 30 is sealed in an atmospheric pressure state.

Next, after adding a predetermined microorganism to the packaged organic matter in the tank 30, the inside of the tank 30 is sealed by closing an atmosphere opening valve (not shown). Then, heating steam is supplied from the steam generating boiler 9 so that the inside of the tank 30 is heated under reduced pressure. By this heating under reduced pressure, the packaging material for packaging the organic matter contained in the tank 30 is broken and peeled off, and the organic matter content is ejected from the broken packaging material, and the broken packaging material and the organic matter content are mixed and present, thereby promoting fermentation and drying of the organic component contained in the organic matter content.

As described above, by heating the inside of the tank 30 with the heating steam, rotating the stirring shaft 32 at a predetermined rotation speed (for example, about 8 rpm), and further reducing the pressure inside the tank 30 by the operation of the vacuum pump 36, the temperature inside the tank 30 becomes an optimum environment for the microorganisms, and the decomposition of organic components based on the content organic matter of the microorganisms is favorably promoted. In this state, the broken packaging material is stretched to be thinner, and is largely deformed and broken, whereby the broken state is increased. The rotation speed (8 rpm) of the stirring shaft 32 is an example, and may be other values as long as decomposition of organic components of content organic matter is possible.

When the temperature and pressure in the tank 30 are maintained in this manner and a predetermined time (for example, about 2 hours) has elapsed, the operation of the vacuum pump 36 and the steam generation boiler 9 is stopped, and the atmospheric pressure state is established by opening the atmospheric release valve. On the other hand, the agitation shaft 32 is rotated in the reverse direction, the lid of the discharge portion 30b of the tank 30 is opened, and the dried product and the broken packing material are discharged from the tank 30. At this time, the volume of the dried product discharged from the tank 30 is reduced.

Then, the organic matter (dried matter) subjected to the reduced-pressure fermentation and drying treatment by the reduced-pressure fermentation and drying device 3 is conveyed to the sifter 4 by the discharge conveyor 41 together with the broken packing material mixed therewith. That is, the dried material and the broken packing material discharged from the discharge portion 30b at the lower portion of the tank 30 of the reduced-pressure fermentation drying device 3 are conveyed to the sifter 4 provided at a position higher than the discharge portion 30b by the discharge conveyor 41. The broken packaging material such as plastic material which is not decomposed by microorganisms in the reduced pressure fermentation drying process by the reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus 3 is separated from the volume-reduced dried product by the screening machine 4, and foreign matter such as metal contained in the volume-reduced dried product and the broken packaging material is removed.

As schematically shown in fig. 5, the screening machine 4 includes a magnetic separator 42 and a screening machine 43. The magnetic separator 42 is, for example, a suspension type magnetic separator, and is suspended above the discharge conveyor 41. The magnetic separator 42 is configured to: magnetic materials (indicated by black dots) such as metal parts and iron pieces are attracted by magnets from the volume-reduced dried product and the broken packing material conveyed by the discharge conveyor 41, and are continuously discharged to the discharge container 42c by a belt 42b moving between pulleys 42 a. The magnetic separator 42 removes metals such as metal parts and iron pieces mixed into the volume-reduced dried product and the broken packing material.

The sieving machine 43 sieves only the broken packing materials larger than the volume-reduced dried material out of the volume-reduced dried material and the broken packing materials discharged from the vacuum fermentation drying apparatus 3 and conveyed by the discharge conveyor 41. The screening machine 43 includes: a wire netting 43a having a mesh (opening) of a predetermined size, and a vibration motor 43b for vibrating the wire netting 43 a. The sifter 43 is supported by the lower base 43d by a plurality of (e.g., 4) coil springs 43 c. The expanded metal 43a is provided in a state inclined obliquely downward, and one end side (left end side in fig. 5) of the expanded metal 43a is provided at a position lower than the other end side (right end side in fig. 5). In the present embodiment, the mesh of the expanded metal 43a is set to a size of 5mm × 5 mm. The mesh size is an example, and may have other values. The broken packaging material mixed with the volume-reduced dry matter is sieved by means of a sieving machine 43.

In this way, the screening machine 43 is supported by the coil spring 43c in a floating manner on the lower table 43d, and therefore the volume-reduced dried product and the broken packing material supplied from the discharge conveyor 41 to the wire 43a are screened by the driving of the vibration motor 43b. Specifically, the volume-reduced dried product passes through the mesh of the wire 43a, falls downward, and is stored in the storage container 44 disposed below the sieving machine 43. On the other hand, the broken packing material larger than the volume-reduced dried product cannot pass through the mesh of the expanded metal 43a, and therefore, the broken packing material slides down the inclined surface of the expanded metal 43a or moves to one end side (front side) while rolling down, and is discharged to the discharge chute 43e disposed in the front-lower direction of the sieving machine 43. At this time, not only the packaging material is broken, but also the volume-reduced dried product having a size larger than the mesh of the wire 43a is discharged to the discharge chute 43e. However, as described above, the volume of the dried product is reduced by performing the fermentation drying by the reduced-pressure fermentation drying device 3, and the dried product is made to be a material suitable for sieving, and the reduced-volume dried product is stored in the storage container 44 while passing through substantially the mesh of the wire netting 43 a.

The broken packaging material screened by the screening machine 4 is stretched and supplied to the cleaning crusher 5 in a largely deformed and broken state. The cleaning crusher 5 performs fine crushing while cleaning the supplied broken packing material.

Washing crusher

Fig. 6 shows the internal structure of the cleaning crusher 5. The cleaning crusher 5 includes a hopper 53 having a vertically long hollow inside. The hopper 53 has a crushing chamber 53a at the lower part of the internal cavity, and an inlet 53b into which the broken packing material is introduced is formed in one side part (right side part in the drawing) of the upper part of the crushing chamber 53 a. As shown in fig. 2, the broken packing materials screened from the dried material by the screening machine 4 are fed from the discharge chute 43e to the lower end of the obliquely arranged conveying belt conveyor 51, conveyed to the upper end of the belt conveyor 51, and fed to the inlet 53b of the hopper 53. A conveyor driving motor 52 for rotationally driving the belt conveyor is disposed near the upper end of the conveying belt conveyor 51.

In the crushing chamber 53a of the hopper 53, the spray nozzle 54a formed at the distal end of the water supply passage 54 faces the side portion opposite to the inlet port 53b, and water for cleaning the broken packaging material is sprayed and supplied obliquely downward from the spray nozzle 54a toward the crushing chamber 53 a.

The crushing chamber 53a has a smaller volume than the upper portion of the hopper 53, and the lower end surface of the crushing chamber 53a is open and communicates with a take-out space 56b formed in the base 56a disposed above the base 56. That is, the lower portion of the crushing chamber 53a of the hopper 53 communicates with the take-out space 56b of the base 56 a.

A disk-shaped crushing rotor 55 having a rotary blade 55a and a fixed blade 59 are disposed at the lower end of the crushing chamber 53 a. The crushing rotor 55 is supported at its center portion by a rotating shaft 55c arranged in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. The rotary shaft 55c is rotationally driven via a drive belt 58 by a rotor drive motor 57 disposed in a base 56 on which the hopper 53 is mounted. The rotor drive motor 57 is disposed at a position obliquely below the hopper 53, and rotates and drives the rotary shaft 55c in a counterclockwise direction in the drawing by a drive belt 58 that is obliquely inclined to the right and upward in the drawing. Although not shown, a plurality of crushing rotors 55 are disposed on the rotating shaft 55c at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction of the paper surface, respectively at equal intervals. Each crushing rotor 55 is provided with 3 rotary knives 55a arranged at 120 ° intervals in the circumferential direction.

On the other hand, the fixed knife 59 has cutting edges disposed on 2 opposite side portions, each protruding toward the crushing chamber 53a, between a lower end portion of the hopper 53 and an upper end portion of the base 56a, which are a portion where the crushing chamber 53a communicates with the removal space 56b. The fixed knife 59 is disposed to extend in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 55c of the crushing rotor 55, so that the rotating knives 55a of the plurality of crushing rotors 55 finely crush the broken packing material in cooperation.

Further, the rotating knives 55a and the fixed knives 59 of the crushing rotor 55 repeat the following operations: when the crushing rotor 55 rotates counterclockwise in the drawing, the broken packing material is caught between the rotating knife 55a and the fixed knife 59 and is cut and crushed in a scissor shape every time the rotating knife 55a and the fixed knife 59 pass each other.

When the cutting of the broken packaging material by the rotary knife 55a and the fixed knife 59 is repeated, the washing water sprayed from the spray nozzle 54a is also caught between the rotary knife 55a and the fixed knife 59 when they pass each other, and therefore, the broken packaging material is cut and crushed, and a large number of packaging sheets which are made into a granular shape or a small sheet shape by the cutting and crushing are washed by the washing water from the spray nozzle 54 a. Since the cutting and crushing work for breaking the packaging material is performed simultaneously with the cleaning work, the packaging sheets subdivided by the cutting and crushing work are strongly kneaded and washed simultaneously, and the entire surface of a large number of subdivided packaging sheets can be cleaned more cleanly than in the case of performing only the cleaning work, and a strong cleaning effect and a dust-proof effect can be exhibited.

The packaging material, which is finely cut and crushed by the cutting operation of the cutting of the packaging material by the rotary knife 55a and the stationary knife 59, becomes a large number of packaging pieces having a predetermined size or less, and the large number of packaging pieces having the predetermined size or less are taken out to the take-out space 56b together with the washed waste water.

Since a large number of packaging sheets taken out to a predetermined size or less of the take-out space 56b also contain the washed waste water, only the packaging sheets are taken out to remove the waste water, and then the dewatering operation using the dewatering machine 6 is performed.

Dewaterer-

Fig. 7 shows the internal structure of the dehydrator 6. In the figure, the dewatering machine 6 includes a casing 61, and the casing 61 has an inlet 61a into which a large number of packaging sheets are introduced together with the washed waste water. The inlet 61a corresponds to an opening 56d opened in the lower surface of the extraction space 56b in the cleaning crusher 5 shown in fig. 6.

As shown in fig. 6, a storage chamber 56e formed in the base 56 is located below the hopper 53 of the washing and crushing machine 5 below the box 61, and a large number of packaging sheets are temporarily stored together with the sewage. A worm screw 62 positioned in the lateral direction is disposed in the storage chamber 56e, and the worm screw 62 is rotationally driven by a screw driving motor (not shown), and the large number of packaging sheets are moved to the left side in the figure together with the waste water and conveyed to the main body 63 side of the box 61 positioned on the left side in the figure.

The main body 63 is formed in a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape. The large number of packaging sheets conveyed from the storage chamber 56e flow into the lower part of the hollow internal space 63a together with the waste water. Further, a discharge port 63b through which the dehydrated packaging sheet is discharged is connected to an upper end of the internal space 63a, and a drain port 68 for draining the waste water removed from the packaging sheet is connected to a lower end thereof.

The internal space 63a is provided with: a fixed screen 65 wound into a hollow cylindrical thin plate, and a cylindrical dewatering rotor 64 positioned on the inner side of the fixed screen 65 with a predetermined distance therebetween. Fig. 7 shows a case where the dewatering rotor 64 inside is positioned when a cut is made at a substantially central portion in the vertical direction of the fixed screen 65. The dehydration rotor 64 is supported by a rotation shaft (not shown) that is rotationally driven by a dehydration rotor drive motor 67 via a power transmission mechanism 66 disposed above the main body 63.

The dewatering rotor 64 is provided with a plurality of rows of dewatering blades 64a arranged horizontally at predetermined intervals on the outer peripheral edge thereof in the vertical direction. The plurality of dewatering blades 64a are formed in a thin plate shape, and the thin plate portions are attached to the outer peripheral edge of the dewatering rotor 64 in a state of being inclined to the upper right in the drawing. Therefore, when the dewatering rotor 64 is driven to rotate clockwise in the drawing, the large number of wrapping sheets flowing into the lower portion of the internal space 63a are gradually moved upward toward the upper side of the internal space 63a while being swirled by the rotation of the dewatering blade 64a together with the sewage.

In addition, the fixing screen 65 is formed with a plurality of discharge holes 65a penetrating between the inner surface and the outer surface thereof. The discharge holes 65a are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction and at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction, and discharge the waste water separated from the packaging sheet from the inside to the outside of the fixing net 65.

When the dewatering rotor 64 is rotationally driven, the wrapping sheet flowing into the lower portion of the internal space 63a moves and travels toward the upper portion of the internal space 63a while being spirally rotated along the inner peripheral surface of the fixed wire net 65 by centrifugal force applied by the rotating dewatering blade 64a together with the sewage.

During the spiral rotation, the package pieces are hit against the inner circumferential surface of the fixed wire 65 by the rotating dewatering blade 64a, and are dewatered by the impact. While the packaging sheet moves to the upper portion of the internal space 63a, the dehydration proceeds as the number of times of striking the fixing wire 65 increases, and the packaging sheet moved to the upper end portion of the internal space 63a is discharged from the discharge port 63 b. On the other hand, the sewage, which has collided with the fixed wire 65 and been dehydrated, passes through the large number of discharge holes 65a of the fixed wire 65, is discharged from the inner side to the outer side of the fixed wire 65, and thereafter, falls downward and is discharged to the outside through the discharge port 68.

The large amount of packaging sheets discharged from the discharge port 63b is dehydrated and is in a wet state containing moisture. Therefore, a cyclone 69 is disposed at the subsequent stage in order to disperse the moisture and finally obtain a dehydrated wrapping sheet.

The cyclone 69 is formed in an inverted conical shape, and the discharge port 63b of the dehydrator 6 is opened in a tangential direction of the peripheral wall at the upper end thereof. The cyclone 69 rotates and flows down the wrapping sheets containing moisture from the discharge port 63b of the dehydrator 6 along the peripheral wall by the air blowing action of the dehydration blade 64a of the dehydration rotor 64, thereby removing moisture from each wrapping sheet. Each packaging sheet receives a centrifugal force by rotating along the peripheral wall of the cyclone 69, and is deformed into a thin film shape, for example, having a longitudinal and transverse direction of about several centimeters, by striking the peripheral wall of the cyclone 69 by the centrifugal force while removing moisture. The film-shaped packaging sheet from which the moisture has been removed is collected from a discharge port 69a provided at the lower end of the main body into a collection container 69c (see fig. 1). On the other hand, the removed water is discharged upward from the top opening 69b provided in the center of the upper end of the main body.

The sewage water removed from the large number of packaging sheets by the dehydrator 6 is conveyed to a vibrating screen 7, and the residue contained in the sewage water is removed.

Vibration screening machine

Figure 8 shows the construction of vibratory screening machine 7. In the drawing, in the vibration screening machine 7, for example, four corners of a cylindrical casing 71 are supported on a lower base 73 in a floating manner by 4 coil springs 72. A cover 74 closing the upper end opening of the housing 71 is provided with a sewage inflow port 74a. The pipe 78 for transporting the sewage from the dewatering machine 6 opens at the upper end of the 1 st pit 87a of the drain pits 87 divided into the left and right 2 parts disposed in the vicinity of the vibration screening machine 7. The sewage stored in the 1 st pit 87a is introduced into the inlet 74a of the lid 74 through the pipe 88 by the water pump 82 disposed in the 1 st pit 87 a.

A metal mesh 75a for partitioning the internal space in the vertical direction is arranged substantially horizontally in the housing 71, and a flat plate 75b having no mesh is provided below the metal mesh. The mesh of the metal mesh 75a is set to a size corresponding to the size of the residue. A coarse mesh vibrating mesh tray 76a is disposed below the metal mesh 75a at a predetermined interval, and a plurality of vibrating mesh rubber balls 76b are placed on the upper surface of the vibrating mesh tray 76 at a predetermined interval.

The housing 71 is provided with: a 1 st discharge port 77a communicating with the inner space above the wire netting 75a and a 2 nd discharge port 77b communicating with the inner space vertically partitioned by the wire netting 75a and the flat plate 75b, and the residue sieved from the sewage by the wire netting 75a is stored in the receiving container 7a from the 1 st discharge port 77a, and the sewage from which the residue is removed is discharged from the 2 nd discharge port 77b to a 2 nd pit 87b of the drain pit 87.

Further, an inverted mortar-shaped bottom portion 79, which protrudes upward on the inner peripheral side, is disposed at the lower end portion of the housing 71 so as to close the lower end opening thereof. A vibration motor 90 is disposed below the bottom portion 79. The vibration motor 90 is housed inside so as to be surrounded by the peripheral wall of the cylindrical lower table 73, and is suspended from the lower end portion of the housing 71 via an elastic bracket 71a or the like.

Eccentric weights

90a and 90b are provided above and below the vibration motor 90, respectively, and are eccentrically rotated to vibrate the entire housing 71.

A water pump 95 is disposed in the 2 nd pit 87b of the drain pit 87, and the sewage from which the residue has been removed is discharged by the water pump 95 through a pipe 96.

The sewage from which the residue has been removed by the vibrating screen 7 is sent to the vacuum fermentation dryer 3 through a pipe 96 as shown in fig. 1, and is subjected to evaporation treatment in the vacuum fermentation dryer 3.

A switching valve 98 for switching the passage to 2 by driving a motor 97 is disposed in the middle of a pipe 96 for sending the sewage to the reduced pressure fermentation dryer 3. The switching valve 98 can be switched to: a 1 st position for conveying the sewage to the vacuum fermentation dryer 3 by communicating the pipes 96 upstream and downstream of the switching valve 98, and a 2 nd position for conveying the pipe 96 upstream of the switching valve 98 to the sewage treatment apparatus 10.

With the present embodiment, even if the organic matter content is charged into the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 in a packaged state in a food package such as a vacuum-packed plastic container, the organic matter content (for example, tofu, konjak, jelly, etc.) from which the packaging material has been peeled off can be dried in a large amount by the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3. In addition, although the volume-reduced dried product obtained by the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 contains a mixture of broken packing materials such as plastic that are not decomposed by microorganisms in the reduced-pressure fermentation drying treatment by the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3, these broken packing materials cannot pass through the mesh of the metal mesh 43a of the sieving machine 43 of the sieving machine 4, and are thus separated from the volume-reduced dried product. Therefore, the packaging material fed to the vacuum fermentation dryer 3 together with the organic content in the packaged state of the food can be reliably and easily removed from the reduced-volume dried product, and the manual work of peeling the packaging material such as packaging plastic from the food package from the organic content is not required in the early stage of feeding the food to the vacuum fermentation dryer 3.

Further, since the magnetic separator 42 for removing metals from the dried product and the broken packing material obtained by the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 is provided on the upstream side of the sieving machine 43, the metals mixed into the content organic matter and the broken packing material can be reliably and easily removed from the dried product by the magnetic separator 42.

Further, the vacuum fermentation dryer 3 can efficiently dry the content organic matter, and can promote decomposition of organic components of the content organic matter and decompose malodorous components by microorganisms. Further, by sieving the dried material obtained in this manner with the sieving machine 43, the particle size, particle shape, and the like of the dried material are substantially uniform, and the generation of malodor can be suppressed, so that the method is suitable for feed for livestock, feed for breeding, fertilizer, and the like.

The broken packing materials sorted by the sorter 4 are washed with washing water by the washing and crushing machine 5 and crushed to form a large number of finely divided packing sheets, and the large number of packing sheets are dehydrated by the dehydrator 6, and then dried by removing water by the cyclone 69. Therefore, a large number of clean, dust-proof, small-sized packaging sheets can be recycled as a high-quality plastic material without causing the packaging material for food packaging to be waste.

Further, although the sewage water that is removed from the large number of packaging sheets by the dehydrator 6 contains residues, the residues are removed by the vibratory screening machine 7, and therefore, the sewage water containing no residues is easily drained.

The residue-free sewage is sent to the vacuum fermentation dryer 3, and is subjected to evaporation treatment by the vacuum fermentation dryer 3. Further, when the sewerage treatment apparatus 10 is provided in the vicinity of the treatment apparatus 1, the delivery path of the sewage containing no residue can be switched to the sewerage treatment apparatus 10 side by the switching valve 98, and the sewerage treatment apparatus 10 performs the drainage treatment.

As described above, the food waste treatment method according to the present embodiment includes: a reduced-pressure fermentation drying step of storing the packaged organic matter in a packaged state in a tank 30, heating the packaged organic matter to a predetermined temperature Fan Weibian under reduced pressure, stirring the mixture, and subjecting only organic components of the food waste to microbial decomposition by microorganisms to thereby reduce the volume of the mixture and dry the mixture; and a separation step of separating the volume-reduced dried product from the broken packaging material that has not been decomposed by the microorganisms. The same effect as that of the food waste treatment apparatus 1 can be obtained by such a food waste treatment method.

The disclosed embodiments are illustrative in all respects and are not to be construed as limiting. The technical scope of the present invention is not to be interpreted based on the aforementioned embodiments, but is defined by the claims. The technical scope of the present invention includes all modifications within the meaning and range equivalent to the claims.

The above-described charging device 2 is an example, and the packaged organic matter may be charged into the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 by using a charging device having another configuration. For example, the packaged organic matter may be fed to the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 by using a conveyor or the like. The magnetic separator 42 is an example, and a magnetic separator other than a suspended type may be used. For example, a magnetic separator of a pulley type or a drum type, or an eddy current type in which nonferrous metals such as aluminum can be removed can be used. In addition, the above-described screening machine 43 is an example, and the foreign matter may be screened by a screening machine having another configuration. The cleaning crusher 5 is also an example, and cleaning and crushing may be performed by a cleaning crusher having another configuration, for example, a configuration in which cleaning and crushing are performed separately. The dehydrator 6 is an example, and the crushed packaging sheet may be washed and dehydrated by a dehydrator of another configuration.

Further, the above-mentioned organic packaging material is an example, and various organic packaging materials other than the packaged bean curd, konjak, and jelly, for example, a meal which is sealed with a plastic lid by placing the organic packaging material in a plastic container, may be put into the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer 3 in a packaged state.

The present application claims priority of japanese patent application No. 2018-143796 filed in japan on 31/7/2018. The entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application.

Industrial applicability

The present invention can be applied to a food waste treatment apparatus and a treatment method based on reduced pressure fermentation and drying.

Description of the reference numerals

1. Food waste treatment device

3. Decompression fermentation drier (decompression fermentation drying device)

4. Screening machine (separator, foreign matter screening device)

5. Cleaning grinder (cleaning grinder)

6. Dewaterer (dewatering device)

69. Cyclone separator (moisture removing device)

7. Vibrating screen classifier (Screen device)

10. Sewage treatment machine

30. Pot (closed container)

98. Switching valve (switching device)

Claims

1. An apparatus for treating plastic-packaged food waste, comprising:

a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus which stores food waste packaged with a plastic packaging material in a sealed container in a packaged state, heats the food waste to a predetermined temperature Fan Weibian under reduced pressure, stirs the food waste, and microbially decomposes only organic components of the food waste by microorganisms to reduce the volume of the food waste and dries the food waste;

a separating device for separating the microbially decomposed volume-reduced dried product from the packaging material which has not been microbially decomposed;

a washing and crushing device that washes the separated packaging material with water and performs crushing;

a dehydrating device that dehydrates the washed, crushed packaging material; and

and a cyclone as a moisture removing means for removing moisture from the packaging material by rotating and flowing down the dehydrated packaging material along the peripheral wall, and recovering a small-sized packaging sheet in a reusable state by deforming the packaging material into a film shape.

2. The apparatus for treating plastic-packaged food waste as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a foreign matter screening device for removing foreign matter mixed in the volume-reduced dried product and the packaging material.

3. The apparatus for treating plastic-packaged food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sieve device is provided, and the sieve device removes residues contained in the water dehydrated from the packaging material by the dehydration device.

4. The apparatus for treating plastic-packaged food waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water from which the residue is removed by the sieve means is evaporated by the reduced-pressure fermentation drying means.

5. The apparatus for treating plastic-packaged food waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein the apparatus comprises a switching device for switching: the water from which the residue is removed by the sieve device is supplied to the reduced pressure fermentation drying device or to a sewage treatment device.

6. A method for treating plastic-packaged food waste, comprising:

a reduced-pressure fermentation drying step of storing the food waste packaged with the plastic packaging material in a sealed container in a packaged state, heating the food waste to a predetermined temperature of Fan Weibian under reduced pressure, stirring the food waste, and subjecting only the organic components of the food waste to microbial decomposition by microorganisms, followed by volume-reduction drying;

a separation step of separating the volume-reduced dried product decomposed by the microorganisms from a packaging material not decomposed by the microorganisms;

a washing and crushing step of washing and crushing the separated packaging material with water;

a dehydration step of dehydrating the washed and crushed packaging material; and

and a moisture removing step of removing moisture from the packaging material by causing the dehydrated packaging material to flow down while rotating along the peripheral wall by the cyclone separator, and recovering a small-sized packaging sheet in a reusable state while deforming the packaging material into a film shape.