CN112289290A

CN112289290A - Membrane type electromagnetic transducer

Info

Publication number: CN112289290A
Application number: CN202011302288.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨鑫; 汪柏松; 杨明智; 罗安; 李桥
Original assignee: Hunan University
Current assignee: Hunan University
Priority date: 2020-11-19
Filing date: 2020-11-19
Publication date: 2021-01-29

Abstract

The invention provides a membrane type electromagnetic transducer, which comprises a cylinder body, two membrane type radiation pieces and a sealing piece, wherein the cylinder body is enclosed into a watertight space; the film type radiation part is formed by connecting a cylindrical part and a circular ring part, and the height of the cylindrical part is greater than that of the circular ring part; a partition board is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder, excitation structures wound with drive coils are fixedly arranged on two side faces of the partition board, armatures are fixedly arranged on the end faces, facing the partition board, of the cylindrical parts, and the armatures and the excitation structures which are positioned in the same subspace are oppositely arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder; the film type electromagnetic transducer also comprises K first fixing pieces which fixedly connect the edge part of the film type radiation piece with the cylinder, wherein K is more than or equal to 3; the outer end face of each film type radiation piece is provided with a reinforcing piece, the reinforcing pieces are arranged along the radial direction of the outer end face of each film type radiation piece and/or are of a symmetrical structure taking the circle center of the outer end face of each film type radiation piece as the center, and the reinforcing pieces are fixedly connected with the film type radiation pieces or are of an integral structure.

Description

Membrane type electromagnetic transducer

Technical Field

The invention relates to a membrane type electromagnetic transducer, in particular to a membrane type electromagnetic transducer device for underwater target detection, underwater communication, ocean temperature monitoring and seabed resource exploration.

Background

With the deep exploration of the ocean by human beings, the electroacoustic transducer has very important application value in the fields of ocean research, resource development, military reconnaissance and the like.

The propagation distance of sound waves in the sea is closely related to the frequency, and the lower the frequency of the sound waves, the farther the sound waves travel in the water. Due to the good transmission characteristic of the low-frequency sound wave, the low-frequency sound wave has very important application value in the fields of ocean research, resource development and the like. Therefore, the method is particularly important for developing high-power low-frequency transducers. The electroacoustic transducer with the core of the currently used active materials (piezoelectric ceramic materials and magnetostrictive materials) has the defects of large volume, heavy mass and high manufacturing cost when meeting the working requirements of low frequency band and high power. The moving coil type and explosion type ultra-low frequency sound sources have a series of problems of low power, weak radiation, instability, poor continuity and the like. The electromagnetic transducer has the advantages of large electromagnetic force, compact structure and the like, can easily realize large volume displacement, and can realize low-frequency high-power emission on the premise of ensuring smaller volume and weight. However, if a certain target frequency and a high sound source level are desired, the radiation surface of the transducer needs to reach a certain thickness, which obviously increases the quality of the transducer and is inconvenient for practical application.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a membrane type electromagnetic transducer, aiming at the problem that the quality of the existing electromagnetic transducer can be obviously improved when the existing electromagnetic transducer reaches the high sound source level target.

The invention provides a membrane type electromagnetic transducer, which comprises a cylinder body with openings at two ends, wherein the cylinder body is of a rotating body structure, and the membrane type electromagnetic transducer also comprises two membrane type radiation pieces which are respectively positioned at the openings at the two ends, a sealing piece is arranged between each membrane type radiation piece and the cylinder body, the sealing piece and the two membrane type radiation pieces surround a watertight space; the film type radiation part is of an integrated structure formed by connecting a cylindrical part and a circular ring part positioned on the outer side of the cylindrical part, and the axial direction of the cylindrical part and the axial direction of the circular ring part are overlapped with the axial direction of the cylinder body; the height of the cylindrical part is greater than that of the circular part; the maximum size of the film type radiation piece in the axial direction of the cylinder body is not more than half of the outer diameter of the circular ring part; the inner wall of the cylinder body is fixedly provided with a partition plate, the partition plate divides the watertight space into two subspaces which are adjacently arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder body, two side surfaces of the partition plate are fixedly provided with excitation structures, drive coils are wound on the excitation structures, the end surface of the cylindrical part facing the partition plate is fixedly provided with armatures, the armatures and the excitation structures which are positioned in the same subspaces are oppositely arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder body, and the axial direction of the cylinder body is vertical to the coil plane of the drive coils; the film type electromagnetic transducer also comprises K first fixing pieces which are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the film type radiation piece and fixedly connect the edge part of the film type radiation piece with the cylinder, wherein K is more than or equal to 3; the outer end face of each membrane type radiation piece is provided with a reinforcing piece protruding in the direction away from the partition board, the reinforcing pieces are arranged in the radial direction of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation piece and/or the reinforcing pieces are of a symmetrical structure taking the circle center of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation piece as the center, and the reinforcing pieces are fixedly connected with the membrane type radiation piece or are of an integral structure.

According to the principle that like poles repel and opposite poles attract, the armature is acted by electromagnetic force, and the membrane radiation piece is acted by tension of the membrane radiation piece, so that the armature drives the membrane radiation piece to reciprocate under the action of the alternating magnetic field and the action of the electromagnetic force and the tension of the membrane radiation piece to generate vibration. The reinforcing member may be of a rigid construction and may be capable of some degree of bending deformation. The reinforcement can be made of the same material as the membrane type radiator. Because the reinforcing part has certain rigidity, the required rigidity can be obtained by adding the rigidity of the reinforcing part and the rigidity of the film type radiation part body. Because the sum of the volumes of the reinforcing member and the film type radiation member is smaller than the volume of the structure only after the thickness of the film type radiation member is increased, the invention can not only reach the target of high sound source level, but also obviously reduce the whole quality of the transducer. The edge part of the film type radiation part is fixedly connected with the cylinder body through the first fixing part, so that outer edge fixing constraint can be provided for vibration of the film type radiation part, namely vibration displacement of the outer edge is zero. The reinforcement is integral with the membrane radiator and both move up and down simultaneously. Because the height of cylinder portion is greater than the height of ring portion, and armature fixes on the terminal surface of cylinder portion, therefore the film type radiation piece is close to the cylinder portion of its center thicker, and peripheral ring region is thinner, has following benefit like this: (A) under the pushing of the armature, the thicker cylindrical part is in translation in the vibration process, namely, each point of the cylindrical part has the same vibration displacement, so that the volume displacement is increased; (B) the thickness of the cylindrical part is larger, so that the armature is convenient to fix, install and prevent water; (C) providing an inner boundary condition for the film radiator.

Further, the thickness of the reinforcing member gradually decreases from a position close to the cylinder axis to a position away from the cylinder axis.

The central region of the reinforcement is thicker and gradually decreases in thickness in the radial direction towards the outer periphery. The applicant found that, in the research, because the edge of the film type radiation member is fixedly connected with the cylinder body through the first fixing member, that is, the edge of the film type radiation member is fixedly restrained, the displacement of the film type radiation member close to the edge is small relative to the center displacement of the outer end face of the film type radiation member. According to the invention, the thickness of the reinforcing part is gradually reduced from the position close to the axis of the cylinder to the position far away from the axis of the cylinder, so that the thickness of the integral structure formed by the reinforcing part and the film type radiation part can be gradually reduced from the position close to the axis of the cylinder to the position far away from the axis of the cylinder, namely, the thickness of the edge part of the integral structure formed by the reinforcing part and the film type radiation part is reduced, so that the rigidity of the edge part is reduced, the vibration displacement of the edge part during the working of the transducer is increased, a flexible boundary can be provided for the vibration of the film type radiation part, and a larger sound radiation power is obtained.

Furthermore, the reinforcing part is an auxiliary film type radiation part which is of a rotator structure and is provided with a first circular end face and a second circular end face which are oppositely arranged, and the axis of the auxiliary film type radiation part is superposed with the axis of the cylinder;

the radius of the first circular end face is smaller than that of the second circular end face; the thickness of the auxiliary film type radiation piece is gradually reduced from the position of the circumference of the first circular end face to the position of the circumference of the second circular end face; the second circular end face is connected with the outer end face of the film type radiation piece, so that the auxiliary film type radiation piece and the film type radiation piece form an integrated structure; the auxiliary film type radiation piece and the film type radiation piece are made of the same material; the sum of the maximum sizes of the film type radiation piece and the auxiliary film type radiation piece in the axial direction of the cylinder body is not more than half of the outer diameter of the circular ring part.

According to the invention, the auxiliary film type radiation member is arranged, so that the thickness of the combined structure of the film type radiation member and the auxiliary film type radiation member which are used as radiation surfaces is gradually reduced along the radial direction, namely the central area of the film is thicker and the edge of the film is thin, the rigidity of the transducer is increased, the thickness of the film is effectively reduced, the weight of the transducer is further reduced, and the transducer is favorable for achieving a high sound source level target.

Further, the reinforcing piece is a plate spring arranged along the radial direction of the outer end face of the film type radiation piece; the plate spring and the film type radiation piece are of an integral structure, or the plate spring and the film type radiation piece are fixedly connected.

According to the invention, the plate spring is arranged along the radial direction of the film type radiation member, so that certain additional rigidity can be provided when the radiation member vibrates, the thickness of the film is effectively reduced when the transducer reaches a high sound source level target, the weight of the transducer is further reduced, and meanwhile, the frequency of the transducer is flexibly adjusted due to the change of the rigidity.

Furthermore, the reinforcing piece comprises a joint portion located at the circle center of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation piece, and at least M ribs extending from the joint portion to the periphery in the radial direction of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation piece, wherein M is larger than or equal to 3, the ribs are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the membrane type radiation piece, and the joint portion and the ribs are of an integrated structure.

According to the invention, the ribs are arranged, so that a certain additional rigidity can be provided when the radiation piece vibrates, the thickness of the membrane is effectively reduced when the transducer reaches a high sound source level target, the weight of the transducer is further reduced, and the frequency of the transducer is flexibly adjusted due to the change of the rigidity.

Further, in the radial direction of the film radiation 4, the annular portion of each film radiation has an annular subsection; the thickness of the circular part in the circular sub-section is smaller than that of other parts of the circular part.

The applicant found that, in the research, because the edge of the film type radiation member is fixedly connected with the cylinder body through the first fixing member, that is, the edge of the film type radiation member is fixedly restrained, the displacement of the film type radiation member close to the edge is small relative to the center displacement of the outer end face of the film type radiation member. According to the invention, the annular subsections with smaller sizes are arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder body, so that the thickness of the film type radiation member can be smaller at the position close to the periphery, the thickness of the edge part of the film type radiation member is reduced, the rigidity of the edge part of the film type radiation member is reduced, the vibration displacement of the edge part of the film type radiation member is increased when the transducer works, a flexible boundary can be provided for the vibration of the film type radiation member, and larger sound radiation power is obtained.

Furthermore, each film type radiation part comprises a first film type substructure and a second film type substructure which are fixed with each other, wherein the first film type substructure and the second film type substructure are respectively provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove which are arranged correspondingly to each other, the first film type substructure and the second film type substructure are mutually covered, so that the first annular groove and the second annular groove enclose an annular space, and the area where the annular space is located is an annular subsection of the annular part of the film type radiation part; or

A third annular groove is formed in the outer end face and/or the inner end face of the annular part of each film type radiation piece, and the area where the third annular groove is located is an annular sub-section of the annular part of the film type radiation piece; preferably, the third annular groove is arc-shaped or rectangular in the axial cross section of the cylinder.

According to the invention, the thickness of the edge part of the film type radiation piece can be reduced by arranging the annular hole or the third annular groove.

Furthermore, the excitation structure is a U-shaped structure formed by a first connecting portion, a second connecting portion and a third connecting portion which are connected in sequence, the first connecting portion and the third connecting portion are both arranged towards the armature opposite to the excitation structure, and the first connecting portion and the third connecting portion are both wound with driving coils.

Further, the membrane type radiation piece is made of any one of titanium alloy, stainless steel and 40 CrNiMoA.

Furthermore, pressure compensation gas or pressure compensation liquid is filled in the watertight space, at least one through hole communicated with the two subspaces is formed in the partition plate, and a pressure sensor used for detecting the internal pressure of the watertight space is further arranged in the watertight space.

Furthermore, a temperature sensor is arranged on the excitation structure, and an acceleration sensor used for measuring the acceleration of the film type radiation piece in the axial direction of the cylinder body is arranged on the film type radiation piece.

The membrane type electromagnetic transducer provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the film type radiation piece of the film type electromagnetic transducer has the advantage of large deformation after stress action, can realize large radiation piece volume, and increases the volume displacement of the transducer during working, thereby obtaining larger sound radiation power.

2) The film type electromagnetic transducer does not need a large number of compression springs, and the plate springs with various sizes can be arranged on the surface of the radiation piece of the transducer to adjust the integral rigidity of the transducer, so that the flexible and adjustable frequency of the transducer is realized; while effectively reducing the weight of the transducer.

3) The surface of the radiation part is ribbed, and the radiation part adopts the variable-thickness film, so that the rigidity of the transducer can be effectively increased, and the thickness of the film is effectively reduced when the transducer reaches a high sound source level target, so that the weight of the transducer is reduced.

4) The double diaphragms with the grooves formed in the periphery of the radiation piece and the application edges can provide flexible boundaries for the vibration of the film type radiation piece, and further increase the volume of the radiation piece, so that the volume displacement of the transducer during working is increased, and larger sound radiation power is obtained. The membrane edges are fixed constraints so that membrane displacements near the edges are small relative to membrane center displacements. When the rigidity of the edge portion of the film is reduced, the displacement of the edge portion of the film is increased accordingly.

5) When the film type electromagnetic transducer is provided with the groove at the periphery of the radiation piece, the resonance frequency of the transducer is reduced while the area of the radiation piece is increased, and the rigidity lifting frequency of the radiation piece can be effectively increased by matching with the rib or the plate spring. So that the transducer frequency is higher without changing the sound source level without increasing the transducer volume and mass.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the internal structure of a film type electromagnetic transducer to which a plate spring is applied according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the internal structure of the film type electromagnetic transducer to which a plate spring is applied according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the film radiator of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic surface view of a film radiation member according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a ribbed film-type electromagnetic transducer of embodiment 2 of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic surface view of a ribbed film radiator of example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a film-type electromagnetic transducer in which a variable-thickness film is used as a radiation member in embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a film-type electromagnetic transducer in which a groove (an arc-shaped cross section) is formed in the periphery of a radiation member (the surface of the film-type radiation member is ribbed) according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic surface view of a ribbed film radiator of example 4 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a film-type electromagnetic transducer in which a groove (an arc-shaped cross section) is formed in the periphery of a radiation member (the surface of the film-type radiation member is ribbed) according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a film-type electromagnetic transducer having a ring-shaped hole in a film-type radiation member according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;

in the above figures, 1-armature, 2-field structure, 3-drive coil, 4-film radiator, 401-cylinder portion, 402-ring portion, 41-first film substructure, 42-second film substructure, 400-auxiliary film radiator, 400 a-first circular end face, 400 b-second circular end face, 5-plate spring, 6-fixing nut, 7, the device comprises a fixing block, 8-fasteners, 9-a barrel, 10-a partition plate, 11-a pressure sensor, 12-an acceleration sensor, 13-a temperature sensor, 14-a first fixing piece, 15-a pressure compensation inlet, 16-a connecting hole, 17-a sealing piece, 181-a joint part, 182-a rib, 30-a third annular groove and 40-an annular space.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a membrane-type electromagnetic transducer, in which the radiation member is in a membrane-type tension structure. The film type electromagnetic transducer comprises a cylinder 9 with openings at two ends, wherein the cylinder 9 is of a rotator structure, and the film type electromagnetic transducer further comprises two film type radiation pieces 4 with openings at two ends, a sealing piece 17 is arranged between the film type radiation pieces 4 and the cylinder 9, and a watertight space is enclosed by the cylinder 9, the sealing piece and the two film type radiation pieces 4; the film type radiation member 4 is formed by mutually connecting a cylindrical part 401 and a circular ring part 402 positioned outside the cylindrical part 401 to form an integral structure, and the axial direction of the cylindrical part 401 and the axial direction of the circular ring part 402 are superposed with the axial direction of the cylinder 9; the height of the cylindrical part 401 is greater than that of the circular part 402; the maximum size of the membrane type radiant part 4 in the axial direction of the cylinder 9 is not more than half of the outer diameter of the circular ring part 402; a partition plate 10 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder 9, the partition plate 10 divides the watertight space into two subspaces which are adjacently arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder 9, two side surfaces of the partition plate 10 (namely the surfaces of the partition plate 10 which respectively face the two membrane type radiation pieces 4) are fixedly provided with an excitation structure 2, a driving coil 3 is wound on the excitation structure 2, an armature 1 is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the cylindrical part 401 which faces the partition plate 10, the armature 1 and the excitation structure 2 which are positioned in the same subspace are oppositely arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder 9, and the axial direction of the cylinder 9 is vertical to the coil plane of the driving coil 3; the film type electromagnetic transducer also comprises K first fixing pieces 14 which are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the film type radiation piece 4 and fixedly connect the edge part of the film type radiation piece 4 with the cylinder 9, wherein K is more than or equal to 3; the outer end face of each membrane type radiation member 4 is provided with a reinforcing member protruding in the direction away from the partition plate 10, the reinforcing member is arranged along the radial direction of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation member 4 and/or the reinforcing member is of a symmetrical structure taking the circle center of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation member 4 as the center, and the reinforcing member is fixedly connected with the membrane type radiation member 4 or is of an integral structure.

The inner end face and the outer end face of the membrane type radiation member 4 are defined as the end face of the membrane type radiation member 4 facing the watertight space and the end face of the membrane type radiation member 4 deviating from the watertight space.

In the embodiment 1, the reinforcing member is a plate spring 5 arranged along the radial direction of the outer end face of the film type radiation member 4; the plate spring 5 and the film type radiation member 4 are of an integral structure, or the plate spring 5 and the film type radiation member 4 are fixedly connected.

In a preferred embodiment, the excitation structure 2 has a U-shaped structure including a first connection portion, a second connection portion, and a third connection portion connected in this order, the first connection portion and the third connection portion are both provided toward the armature 1 facing the excitation structure 2, and the drive coil 3 is wound around the first connection portion and the third connection portion.

In a preferred embodiment, the material of the membrane radiation member 4 is any one of titanium alloy, stainless steel and 40 CrNiMoA.

In a preferred embodiment, the watertight space is further filled with pressure compensation gas or pressure compensation liquid, the partition plate 10 is provided with at least one through hole communicating the two subspaces, and the watertight space is further provided with a pressure sensor 11 for detecting the internal pressure of the watertight space. The energy converter also comprises a pressure regulating device which is used for filling compressed gas into the watertight space or extracting the compressed gas from the watertight space, and the pressure regulating device is arranged outside the cylinder body. The pressure compensating fill gas or liquid serves to further increase the depth of the transducer operating water. When the driving coil is filled with the pressure compensation liquid, the driving coil can be wrapped with a waterproof layer, so that watertight treatment is performed. The pressure compensating liquid may be compressor oil.

In a preferred embodiment, the excitation structure 2 is provided with a temperature sensor 13, and the film radiator 4 is provided with an acceleration sensor 12.

In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the reinforcement member decreases from a position close to the axis of the cylinder 9 to a position away from the axis of the cylinder 9. That is, the height of the plate spring 5 may be gradually reduced from the position of the film radiation member 4 near the center of the circle to the outer periphery.

The membrane type electromagnetic transducer can comprise an armature 1, an excitation structure 2, a driving coil 3, a membrane type radiation part 4, a plate spring 5, a fixing nut 6, a fixing block 7, a fastening piece 8, a shell 9 and a partition plate 10; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the pressure sensor 11, the pressure sensor 12, the temperature sensor 13, the connecting bolt 14, the pressure compensation inlet 15, the connecting hole 16, and the sealing member 17 are further included. A driving structure and a vibrator structure are arranged in the shell (namely a watertight space), and the film type radiation piece 4 adopts a film type structure and is fixedly connected with the armature 1.

The membrane radiator 4 can be made of any one of titanium alloy, stainless steel, high-strength alloy steel (such as 40 CrNiMoA) and the like. The membrane-type radiator 4 is provided with an acceleration sensor 11 for measuring vibrational displacement.

The film type radiation member 4 is formed by mutually connecting a cylindrical part 401 and a circular ring part 402 positioned outside the cylindrical part 401 to form an integral structure, and the axial direction of the cylindrical part 401 and the axial direction of the circular ring part 402 are superposed with the axial direction of the cylinder 9; the height of the cylindrical portion 401 is greater than the height of the circular portion 402. The inner circular area of the film type radiation member 4 is thicker (the height of the cylindrical part 401 is larger), the peripheral circular area is thinner (the height of the circular part 402 is smaller), and the functions of the film type radiation member include: for mounting a block of magnetically conductive material (i.e. armature 1); providing an inner boundary condition for the toroidal membrane to vibrate.

The shell 9 is a rotator structure, the outline of the outer surface is a cylindrical structure, and the shell is symmetrically divided into an upper part and a lower part by a partition plate 10. The shell 9 plays a role in supporting and sealing, is fixedly connected with the middle partition plate 10, and is provided with an air (liquid) inlet hole for pressure compensation. The partition plate 10 is used for supporting the upper and lower excitation stacks, takes the upper and lower excitation stacks as a central shaft, and is completely consistent and symmetrically distributed in structure at two sides and fixed with the two excitation stacks 2 together. The partition 10 is integral with the housing. The connection holes 16 are used to balance the two sub-space pressures on both sides of the diaphragm 10 so that the two sub-space pressure compensation effects on both sides of the diaphragm 10 are the same. In the figure, hatching is not shown on the separator 10.

The first fixing member 14 may be a coupling bolt. The attachment bolts serve to secure the membrane radiator 4 with the housing, forming a sealed space to be water tight, while providing an outer edge securing constraint for membrane vibration. The first fixing elements 14 may be arranged circumferentially and uniformly around the outer end face of the membrane radiator 4.

A seal 17 may be placed at the connection of the membrane radiator 4 and the housing 9 for sealing against water. The seal 17 may be made of an annular elastic material such as rubber. The seal is used to seal the transducer against water.

Each film type radiation member 4 is provided with a plate spring 5 on the surface, and the plate spring 5 is rigidly connected with the film type radiation member. The plate spring 5 provides certain additional rigidity when the radiation part vibrates, so that the frequency of the transducer can be flexibly adjusted, and the weight of the transducer can be reduced. The mounting of the leaf spring 5 on the radiator is shown in fig. 4.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the plate spring 5 is fixed on the outer end face of the film type radiation member 4 by a fixing block 7, a fastening member 8 and a fixing nut 6, the plate spring 5 and the film type radiation member 4 are rigidly connected, and the size can be adjusted according to different resonant frequency requirements of the transducer.

In a preferred embodiment, a flange 91 is mounted at each opening position of the cylinder 9, and the first fixing member fixedly connects the outer end face edge portion of the film radiation member 4 with the flange 91.

At the central position of the film type radiation member 4, the plate spring 5 is positioned between the fixing block 7 and the film type radiation member 4, the fixing block 7 is provided with the fixing nut 6, and the two fasteners 8 sequentially penetrate through the fixing nut 6, the fixing block 7 and the cylindrical part 401 of the film type radiation member 4 so as to realize the fixed connection of the plate spring and the film type radiation member 4. Two fasteners 8 are located on either side of the leaf spring 5.

At the end of the plate spring 5, the plate spring 5 is located between the fixing block 7 and the film type radiation member 4, the fixing block 7 is provided with the fixing nut 6, and the two fasteners 8 sequentially penetrate through the fixing nut 6, the fixing block 7, the annular part 402 of the film type radiation member 4 and the flange plate 91, so that the plate spring 5, the film type radiation member 4 and the shell 9 are fixedly connected. Two fasteners 8 are located on either side of the leaf spring 5.

The armature 1 is fixed in the middle of the membrane type radiation piece 4 (namely the inner end face of the cylindrical part 401) and always faces the U-shaped excitation stack. The material of the armature 1 may be silicon steel or amorphous alloy. The armature 1 may be laminated in sheets to reduce eddy current losses. The armature 1 is formed by stacking silicon steel sheets or amorphous alloy sheets, is fixed in the center of the radiation piece, always faces the U-shaped excitation stack, and forms a magnetic conduction loop with the U-shaped excitation stack and the air gap.

The excitation structure 2 can adopt a U-shaped excitation stack. The U-shaped excitation stack is formed by stacking silicon steel sheets or amorphous alloy sheets. The U-shaped excitation stack is fixed in the middle of the clapboard 10 and forms a magnetic conduction loop with the armature 1 and the air gap. The U-shaped excitation stack material can be any one of silicon steel and amorphous alloy. The U-shaped field stack 2 may be laminated in sheets to reduce eddy current losses.

The driving coil 3 is wound on the U-shaped excitation stack to provide an alternating current driving magnetic field, and the driving coil 3 is formed by winding a high-temperature enameled wire. The driving coil 3 is wound by a high-temperature enameled wire, can be electrified with short-time heavy current and is fixed on the U-shaped excitation stack.

An acceleration sensor 11 is fixed to the membrane radiator 4 for measuring the vibrational displacement. The acceleration sensor 11 is used to detect the vibration displacement of the film type radiation member 4. The acceleration sensor 11 may be arranged in multiple points, and the observed displacement result is often arranged in a circular area (within a blue circle) within an inner boundary, such as the center of a circle. The acceleration sensor 11 is used to measure the acceleration in the direction of the transducer vibration.

A pressure sensor 12 and a temperature sensor 13 are placed inside the transducer for measuring the pressure and temperature inside the transducer, respectively, for monitoring the working condition of the transducer. The pressure sensor 12 is used for detecting the internal pressure of the shell 9 so as to flexibly adjust the amount of compensation gas (liquid) and flexibly adjust the working water depth of the transducer. The temperature sensor 13 is used for monitoring the temperature change of the magnetic core of the excitation structure 2.

The pressure inside and outside the transducer is balanced through the pressure compensation inlet and the connecting hole, and the requirement of deep water work can be met. The pressure compensation inlet 15 is used for connecting an external pressure compensation device, and further, gas or liquid is filled to play a role in pressure compensation and a role in adjusting the working water depth of the transducer.

The invention provides a membrane type electromagnetic transducer, which selects a membrane structure (a membrane type radiation member 4) as a vibration part. The membrane structure has the advantages of small rigidity, light weight and large deformation after stress as a tension structure. Therefore, when the electromagnetic radiation-proof energy converter is applied to the electromagnetic energy converter, the low-frequency high-power radiation of the energy converter can be effectively realized. And meanwhile, the plate spring device is matched with the membrane, so that the working frequency of the transducer can be flexibly adjusted. The radiation area can be increased through the optimized design of the membrane structure, and then higher-power emission is realized. In order to ensure the normal work of the energy converter in water, a gas or liquid pressure compensation device is connected outside to change the compensation pressure inside the energy converter, so that the invention is suitable for the work in deeper water. In the present invention, a driving current (for example, an alternating current) with a given frequency is applied to the driving coil 3, and an alternating magnetic field is generated by the magnetic effect excitation of the current, and the alternating magnetic field further generates an alternating electromagnetic force on the film-type radiation member 4, and under the action of the electromagnetic force, the vibration of the film-type radiation member 4 is excited, so that sound waves are generated in the medium and radiated outwards. The magnetic field passes through the U-shaped excitation stack, the armature 1 and the air gap to form a closed magnetic circuit. In this case, the field stack is equivalent to a magnet, and the magnetic field strength at the air gap is enhanced by the front and rear magnetic conductive materials. According to the principle that like poles repel and opposite poles attract, the armature 1 and the excitation structure 2 are acted by electromagnetic force; meanwhile, the film type radiation piece 4 is under the action of self tension, and the armature drives the film type radiation piece 4 to reciprocate under the action of electromagnetic force and self tension under the action of an alternating magnetic field by controlling driving current to generate vibration. The film radiator 4 acts as a tension structure so that the film electromagnetic transducer does not require an additional compression spring. As the radiation member, the film radiation member 4 is deformed largely after being subjected to a force, and the radiation area is large, which contributes to the improvement of the sound source level. In addition, the surface of the film type radiation part 4 is provided with an acceleration sensor, and the inside of the film type radiation part is provided with a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, so that the stable and reliable use of the transducer is ensured. Under the action of an alternating magnetic field generated by the driving coil 3, the armature 1 vibrates upwards and downwards along the axial direction of the cylinder 9 under the combined action of alternating electromagnetic force and the tension of the film type radiation member 4, so that the vibration of the film type radiation member 4 is excited, and sound waves are radiated outwards. By adopting the membrane structure, the volume of the radiation element is increased, and further the volume displacement is increased, thereby realizing the high-power sound wave emission.

The direction of the force between the armature and the excitation structure 2 can be kept constant, in this structure, the attraction force exists between the armature and the excitation structure, the back vibration of the armature is caused by the fact that the electromagnetic force is reduced along with the reduction of the current in one period, and the tension of the membrane pulls the armature back.

The radiating member is largely deformed by vibration because the radiating member is formed as a "membrane". The same force is applied and the deformation is certainly large for a thin thickness. However, the thickness is reduced, the deformation is large, and simultaneously, the film is required to have large yield strength and tensile strength, so that plastic deformation is avoided when vibration occurs. These titanium alloys, stainless steels, and high strength alloy steels have high yield and tensile strengths and can be made into "membrane" type radiating elements.

The plate spring (or rib) applied in the radial direction has certain rigidity and is matched with the vibration of the film type radiation surface, so that the equivalent rigidity of the transducer is increased, and the resonance frequency of the transducer is further changed.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the comparison with embodiment 1 is different: in this embodiment, the reinforcing member includes a joint portion 181 located at a center of the outer end surface of the film-type radiation member 4, and at least M ribs 182 extending from the joint portion 181 to the outer periphery in the radial direction of the outer end surface of the film-type radiation member 4, where M is greater than or equal to 3, the ribs 182 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the film-type radiation member 4, and the joint portion 181 and the ribs 182 are of an integral structure. The ribs 18 are rigidly connected to the membrane radiator 4, effectively increasing the stiffness of the transducer. The joint 181 and the rib 182 may be integrally formed with the film type radiation member, i.e., may be made of the same material.

In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the reinforcement member decreases from a position close to the axis of the cylinder 9 to a position away from the axis of the cylinder 9. In this embodiment, the position near the axis of the cylinder 9 is the position near the outer periphery of the joint portion 181, i.e., the height of each rib 182 gradually decreases from the position near the center of the circle to the outer periphery in the radial direction.

The plurality of ribs 18 are added on the radiation piece in the embodiment, and the embodiment can be in a rigid connection mode with the radiation piece or a mode of integrally manufacturing the radiation piece, and fixing nuts, fixing blocks and fasteners are not needed for fixing; the surface of the radiation part is ribbed, so that the rigidity of the transducer can be effectively increased, the thickness of a film is effectively reduced when the transducer reaches a high sound source level target, the weight of the transducer is further reduced, and the frequency of the transducer is flexibly adjusted due to the change of the rigidity. The rest of this example is the same as example 1.

The rib functions as the leaf spring in example 1.

Example 3

In combination with fig. 7, the comparison with example 1 is different: in this embodiment, no leaf spring is provided; the reinforcing member is an auxiliary film type radiation member 400, the auxiliary film type radiation member 400 is of a rotator structure and is provided with a first circular end surface 400a and a second circular end surface 400b which are oppositely arranged, and the axis of the auxiliary film type radiation member 400 is superposed with the axis of the cylinder 9; the radius of the first rounded end surface 400a is smaller than the radius of the second rounded end surface 400 b; the thickness of the auxiliary film type radiation member 400 is gradually reduced from the position of the circumference of the first circular end face 400a to the position of the circumference of the second circular end face 400 b; the second circular end face 400b is connected (attached to) the outer end face of the film type radiation member 4, so that the auxiliary film type radiation member 400 and the film type radiation member 4 form an integral structure; the auxiliary film type radiation member 400 and the film type radiation member 4 are made of the same material; the sum of the maximum sizes of the film radiation member 4 and the auxiliary film radiation member 400 in the axial direction of the cylinder 9 is not more than half of the outer diameter of the circular ring part 402. The auxiliary film type radiator 400 may have a circular truncated cone shape or a shape similar to the circular truncated cone shape, that is, the side of the longitudinal section is arc-shaped. The thickness of the auxiliary film radiation member 400 is the dimension of the auxiliary film radiation member 400 in the axial direction of the cylinder 9. The cylinder 9 axis is perpendicular to the first circular end face 400a and perpendicular to the second circular end face 400 b. .

The film type radiation member 4 in the embodiment has no ribs, the central area of the film is thicker, the edge of the film is thin, the thickness of the film is gradually reduced along the radial direction, the rigidity of the transducer is improved and the thickness of the film is effectively reduced by adopting the variable-thickness film for the radiation member, so that the weight of the transducer is reduced, and the transducer is favorable for achieving a high sound source level target. The rest of this example is the same as example 3.

In examples 1 to 3 of the present invention: the surface of the membrane type radiation member is provided with the ribbing layer, the plate spring and the radiation member in a variable thickness mode, namely a certain supporting structure is added, so that the rigidity of the transducer is effectively increased, the thickness of the membrane is effectively reduced when the transducer reaches a high sound source level target, and the weight of the transducer is further reduced.

Example 4

In combination with fig. 8 and fig. 9, the difference from the comparison of the embodiment 2 is that: in this embodiment: in the radial direction of the film radiation 4, the annular portion 402 of each film radiation 4 has an annular subsection; in the axial direction of the cylinder 9, the thickness of the circular ring part 402 in the circular ring sub-section is smaller than the thickness of the other part of the circular ring part 402 of the film type radiation member 4; the outer end surface and/or the inner end surface of the circular ring part 402 of each film type radiation member 4 is/are provided with a third annular groove 30, and the area where the third annular groove 30 is located is a circular ring subsection of the circular ring part 402 of the film type radiation member 4. If the outer end surface and the inner end surface of the circular ring part 402 of each film type radiation member 4 are both provided with the third annular grooves 30, the third annular grooves 30 arranged on the outer end surface and the inner end surface of the circular ring part 402 are staggered in the radial direction of the film type radiation member 4.

In a preferred embodiment, the third annular groove 30 has an arc or rectangular shape in axial section of the cylinder 9. The annular grooves 30 are formed on the periphery of the radiation piece and are formed in different radial positions of the inner surface and the outer surface of the film respectively to a certain depth and width.

In the embodiment, a plate spring and a rib are not arranged, and a third annular groove 30 is formed in the periphery of the film type radiation member 4, so that a flexible boundary can be provided for the vibration of the film type radiation member 4, the radiation area is further increased, and the volume displacement of the transducer during working is increased; meanwhile, different sound source levels can be achieved by adjusting the position of the groove, the length of the groove, the width of the groove and the shape of the cross section. The rib is arranged on the film type radiation piece, so that the rigidity of the radiation piece can be effectively increased, the frequency is further improved, and the frequency is higher without changing the volume and the mass of the radiation piece. The rest of this example is the same as example 2.

Example 5

Referring to fig. 10, the difference from the embodiment 4 is that the peripheral annular groove 30 of the radiant member is arc-shaped in this embodiment. This example differs from example 4 in the displacement of the radiator volume under the same excitation conditions, and the level of sound source achieved differs. The rest of this example is the same as example 4.

Example 6

In comparison with example 4, as shown in fig. 11, the following are different: in the present embodiment, the annular portion 402 of each film radiator 4 has an annular subsection; the dimensions of the ring subsections are smaller in the axial direction of the cylinder 9 than the dimensions of the other parts of the ring section 402 of the film radiation 4. Each film type radiation member 4 comprises a first film type substructure 41 and a second film type substructure 42 which are fixed to each other, wherein a first annular groove and a second annular groove which are correspondingly arranged to each other are respectively formed in the first film type substructure 41 and the second film type substructure 42, the first film type substructure and the second film type substructure are mutually covered, so that the first annular groove and the second annular groove enclose an annular space 40, and the area where the annular space 40 is located is a circular ring subsection of the circular ring 402 of the film type radiation member 4. In the figure, neither the first film substructure 41 nor the second film substructure 42 is shown with hatching.

In this embodiment, the periphery of the radiating element is not provided with an annular groove, but is connected by two membrane substructures. The flexible boundary can be provided for the vibration of the film type radiation piece, the volume of the radiation piece is further increased, and therefore the volume displacement of the transducer during working is increased, and larger sound radiation power is obtained.

The material is the same as the radiation piece, and the thickness can be adjusted according to the requirements of different resonant frequencies of the transducer;

in embodiments 4 to 6 of the present invention, the third annular groove 30 and the annular hole 40 are formed on the periphery of the film-type radiation member, so that a flexible boundary can be provided for the vibration of the film-type radiation member, and the radiation area is further increased, thereby increasing the volume displacement of the transducer during operation, and obtaining a larger sound radiation power.

It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should be covered by the present patent. After reading this disclosure, modifications of various equivalent forms of the present invention by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope of the present application, as defined in the appended claims. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A membrane-type electromagnetic transducer, includes both ends open-ended barrel (9), barrel (9) are revolution solid structure, its characterized in that: the water-tight structure is characterized by further comprising two film type radiation pieces (4) which are respectively positioned at two ends of the water-tight structure and are open, a sealing piece (17) is arranged between each film type radiation piece (4) and the corresponding cylinder body (9), and a water-tight space is defined by the cylinder body (9), the sealing piece (17) and the two film type radiation pieces (4); the film type radiation piece (4) is formed into an integral structure by mutually connecting a cylindrical part (401) and a circular part (402) positioned on the outer side of the cylindrical part (401), and the axial direction of the cylindrical part (401) and the axial direction of the circular part (402) are superposed with the axial direction of the cylinder (9); the height of the cylindrical part (401) is greater than that of the circular part (402); the maximum size of the film type radiation member (4) in the axial direction of the cylinder (9) is not more than half of the outer diameter of the circular ring part (402);

a partition plate (10) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the barrel (9), the partition plate (10) divides the watertight space into two subspaces which are adjacently arranged along the axial direction of the barrel (9), two side surfaces of the partition plate (10) are respectively and fixedly provided with an excitation structure (2), a driving coil (3) is wound on the excitation structure (2), an armature (1) is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the cylindrical part (401) facing the partition plate (10), the armature (1) and the excitation structure (2) which are positioned in the same subspace are oppositely arranged in the axial direction of the barrel (9), and the axial direction of the barrel (9) is perpendicular to the coil plane of the driving coil (3);

the film type electromagnetic transducer also comprises K first fixing pieces (14) which are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the film type radiation piece (4) and fixedly connect the edge part of the film type radiation piece (4) with the cylinder (9), wherein K is more than or equal to 3;

the outer end face of each membrane type radiation piece (4) is provided with a reinforcing piece protruding in the direction away from the partition plate (10), the reinforcing pieces are arranged in the radial direction of the outer end face of each membrane type radiation piece (4) and/or the reinforcing pieces are of a symmetrical structure taking the circle center of the outer end face of each membrane type radiation piece (4) as the center, and the reinforcing pieces are fixedly connected with the membrane type radiation pieces (4) or are of an integral structure.

2. A film-type electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the reinforcement member is gradually reduced from a position close to the axis of the cylinder (9) to a position away from the axis of the cylinder (9).

3. A film type electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reinforcing member is an auxiliary film type radiation member (400), the auxiliary film type radiation member (400) is a rotary body structure and has a first circular end face (400 a) and a second circular end face (400 b) which are oppositely arranged, and the axis of the auxiliary film type radiation member (400) is coincident with the axis of the cylinder (9);

the radius of the first circular end face (400 a) is smaller than the radius of the second circular end face (400 b); the thickness of the auxiliary film type radiation piece (400) is gradually reduced from the position of the circumference of the first circular end face (400 a) to the position of the circumference of the second circular end face (400 b); the second circular end face (400 b) is connected with the outer end face of the film type radiation piece (4), so that the auxiliary film type radiation piece (400) and the film type radiation piece (4) form an integral structure; the auxiliary film type radiation piece (400) and the film type radiation piece (4) are made of the same material; the sum of the maximum sizes of the film radiation member (4) and the auxiliary film radiation member (400) in the axial direction of the cylinder (9) is not more than half of the outer diameter of the circular ring part (402).

4. A film-type electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reinforcing piece is a plate spring (5) arranged along the radial direction of the outer end face of the film type radiation piece (4); the plate spring (5) and the film type radiation piece (4) are of an integral structure, or the plate spring (5) and the film type radiation piece (4) are fixedly connected.

5. A film-type electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the reinforcing piece comprises a joint part (181) located at the circle center of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation piece (4) and at least M ribs (182) extending from the joint part (181) to the periphery in the radial direction of the outer end face of the membrane type radiation piece (4), wherein M is larger than or equal to 3, the ribs (182) are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the membrane type radiation piece (4), and the joint part (181) and the ribs (182) are of an integrated structure.

6. A film electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that in the radial direction of the film radiators (4), the annular portion (402) of each film radiator (4) has an annular subsection; the thickness of the circular part (402) in a circular sub-section is smaller than the thickness of the other part of the circular part (402).

7. The film type electromagnetic transducer according to claim 6, characterized in that each film type radiation member (4) comprises a first film type substructure (41) and a second film type substructure (42) which are fixed to each other, the first film type substructure (41) and the second film type substructure (42) are respectively provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove which are correspondingly arranged, the first film type substructure and the second film type substructure cover each other, so that the first annular groove and the second annular groove enclose an annular space (40), and the annular space (40) is located in an area which is an annular subsection of the annular part (402) of the film type radiation member (4); or

A third annular groove (30) is formed in the outer end surface and/or the inner end surface of the circular ring part (402) of each film type radiation piece (4), and the area where the third annular groove (30) is located is a circular ring sub-section of the circular ring part (402) of the film type radiation piece (4); preferably, the third annular groove (30) is arc-shaped or rectangular in the axial section of the cylinder (9).

8. A film-type electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the excitation structure (2) is a U-shaped structure formed by a first connecting part, a second connecting part and a third connecting part which are connected in sequence, the first connecting part and the third connecting part are arranged towards the armature (1) opposite to the excitation structure (2), and the first connecting part and the third connecting part are wound with driving coils (3).

9. A film electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the film radiator (4) is any one of titanium alloy, stainless steel, 40 CrNiMoA.

10. The film type electromagnetic transducer according to claim 1, wherein the watertight space is filled with pressure compensation gas or pressure compensation liquid, the partition plate (10) is provided with at least one through hole communicating the two subspaces, and the watertight space is further provided with a pressure sensor (11) for detecting the internal pressure of the watertight space.