CN112289144B - Experimental method for researching inertia problem under simple harmonic motion reference system - Google Patents
Experimental method for researching inertia problem under simple harmonic motion reference system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112289144B CN112289144B CN202011177054.7A CN202011177054A CN112289144B CN 112289144 B CN112289144 B CN 112289144B CN 202011177054 A CN202011177054 A CN 202011177054A CN 112289144 B CN112289144 B CN 112289144B
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Abstract
An experimental method for researching inertia problems under a simple harmonic motion reference system comprises a ball A, a ball B, a ball A1, a transparent device, a trolley and a spring, and is characterized in that: the transparent device is fixed on a trolley which can freely move along a horizontal plane, the transparent device is provided with a sealing upper cover, the transparent device is a square container, and the bottom, the side wall and the sealing upper cover of the transparent device are all made of transparent organic plate materials; a straight rod vertical to the side wall is fixed in the middle of the side wall of the transparent device, a ball with the average density smaller than, equal to or larger than that of fluid in the transparent device and a ball capable of automatically changing the average density are tied on the straight rod through a soft thin rope, two springs are fixed on the same horizontal straight line at two ends of the trolley respectively, the other ends of the two springs are fixed on a vertical column of a horizontal table top, the trolley is in a natural state of a spring system, and shells of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 are all rubber films, so that the problems of inertia and inertia force in a simple and harmonic motion reference system can be favorably researched.
Description
Technical Field
The patent relates to a device for exploring inertia and inertia force of a demonstration object, and belongs to the field of physical experiment instruments.
Background
The inertia force is the key content of college physics courses and is one of the development contents of middle school physics, and is a physical concept which is difficult to understand, a textbook usually introduces the concept of inertia to students by taking a person as an example of starting and braking by bus, and a plurality of demonstration experiments about inertia are also provided, so that students and teachers develop further, the experiment is started under the background that all objects have inertia, success is achieved without exception, but for special objects such as a hydrogen balloon, we replace the past object with the experiment environment (a simple pendulum suspended in a closed box, acceleration of the box, and inverse motion of the simple pendulum and the acceleration direction), but an accident occurs, and the students often question where the inertia of the hydrogen balloon is? The reason why the phenomenon of inertia seen in the past is lost is that the air behind the box body where the hydrogen balloon is located is compressed, so that the acceleration motion of the balloon and the acceleration motion of the box body are in the same direction, and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to design and manufacture a comprehensive experimental device or a method for demonstrating the inertia phenomenon and the inertia force problem under the non-inertial reference system, which is convenient to operate in class from another angle, and the problem needs to be solved by the patent. The method is completed under the support of national natural fund projects (project numbers are 11805107 and 11405092), basic business cost scientific research projects (project number is 135209251) of high schools belonging to provinces of Heilongjiang province and high schools and application projects (project number is SJGY 20170385).
Disclosure of Invention
The patent refers to the field of 'teaching equipment'.
The technical scheme of the patent is as follows: the experimental method for researching the inertia problem under the simple harmonic motion reference system mainly comprises a ball A, a ball B, a ball A1, a transparent device, a trolley and a spring, and is characterized in that: the transparent device is fixed on a trolley which can freely move along a horizontal plane, the transparent device is provided with a sealing upper cover, the transparent device is a square container, and the bottom, the side wall and the sealing upper cover of the transparent device are all made of transparent organic plate materials; a straight rod perpendicular to the side wall is fixed in the middle of the side wall (side surface) of the transparent device, and the average density rho on the straight rod is tied by soft strings respectively 1 A balloon A (e.g., hydrogen balloon or gasoline) of less than the density ρ (e.g., air or water) of the fluid in the transparent device, the average density ρ 2 Sphere B of greater density than the fluid in the transparent device, average density ρ 3 A sphere a1 equal to the density ρ of the fluid in the transparent device. The side walls of the transparent device close to the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface are drawn with scale marks, and the side walls of the transparent device close to the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface are respectively fixed with a reference column corresponding to the vertical positions of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 (the scale marks on the side walls of the transparent device close to the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface are combined to determine the horizontal position change of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 relative to the box body). Two springs are respectively fixed on the same horizontal straight line (parallel to front and rear wheels) at two ends of the trolley, the other ends of the two springs are fixed on a vertical column (the vertical column is fixed on the horizontal table), so that the trolley is in a natural state of a spring system (the horizontal direction stress force of the trolley is zero), indication lines corresponding to the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 in the vertical direction at the position of a straight rod are drawn on the horizontal table (used for observing the states of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 when the reference columns respectively correspond to the left and right positions of the indication lines), and the shells of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 are all rubber films (balloons).
In actual operation, the ball A and the ball B are respectively filled with hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas (or water), and are tied on the straight rod by a soft non-telescopic string, and the ball A and the ball B are respectively in a vertical suspension state and a vertical dropping state; the specific method is that the bicycle airtight core and the mouth of the balloon are fixedly sealed after the ball A1 is filled with a certain amount of air and hydrogen until the ball A1 is just in a floating state or just in a sinking state, namely the average density of the ball A1 is close to the air density of the transparent device, the other end of the airtight core is connected with a needle mounting column of a 50 ml disposable syringe, the balloon is placed in the transparent device and is slowly filled with hydrogen until the balloon just floats upwards, the inflation is stopped, the airtight core is sealed, the airtight core on the ball A1 is tied on a straight rod by a soft non-telescopic thin rope, and the upper cover of the transparent device is covered and sealed;
as shown in fig. 2, during the demonstration, the cart is released after being deviated from the natural state of the spring system by hand (i.e. the reference column is released from the identification line in the horizontal direction), it can be seen that the ball a1 hardly moves relative to the cart (or the swing amplitude is small), the balls a and B obviously deviate from the vertical position, the ball a moves in the same direction as the acceleration of the cart, the ball B moves in the opposite direction to the acceleration of the cart, i.e. the ball a always goes to the vertical line of the identification line (parallel to the vertical line of the reference column when the reference column crosses the identification line), and the ball B always goes away from the vertical line of the identification line (parallel to the vertical line of the reference column when the reference column crosses the identification line). The process of demonstration can be understood from fig. 2, which depicts the state of the floating ball (ball a) and the sinking ball (ball B) after the cart is released from the natural state of the spring system.
The second scheme is different from the first scheme in that the ball A and the ball B are removed, only the ball A1 is left, hydrogen is filled into the ball A1, the ball A1 is in vertical suspension (the string is straightened), then the airtight core on the ball A1 is tied on the straight rod by using a soft and non-telescopic string, the airtight core on the ball A1 slowly leaks air (the direction of air leakage points to the position where the string is tied on the straight rod along the string), the air in the ball A1 is gradually reduced, and the upper cover of the transparent device is well covered and sealed (at the moment, the ball A1 is still in a vertical suspension state);
during demonstration: when the trolley is released by hand from the natural state of the spring system (i.e. the reference column is released from the marker line in the horizontal direction), it can be seen that initially the ball a1 is deflected in the same direction as the acceleration of the trolley (the period of oscillation of the ball a1 is the same as the period of oscillation of the trolley in the horizontal direction); as the gas in ball a1 decreases, ball a1 comes closer to the vertical position at the position of the straight rod tether; then the ball A1 deviates from the position of the tether of the straight rod and sinks down along the vertical position, the ball A1 gradually deviates from the vertical position at the tether position on the straight rod, the ball A1 deviates reversely from the acceleration of the trolley (parallel to the vertical line passing through the reference column when the reference column passes through the marking line), and the swing period of the ball A1 is the same as the vibration period of the trolley in the horizontal direction.
The principle is as follows: the ball a, the ball B, the ball a1 and the transparent device can be regarded as a system, the transparent device is taken as a reference system, when the transparent device system has acceleration relative to the ground, each object of the ball a, the ball B and the ball a1 in the transparent device system has an inertia force, gas in the transparent device also has an inertia force, and therefore the transparent device system is equivalent to the whole system, and an equivalent gravitational field opposite to the acceleration of the transparent device is applied, so that the ball a, the ball B and the ball a1 are applied with horizontal force (buoyancy) of fluid in the transparent device in the horizontal direction, and the direction of the horizontal force is the same as the acceleration direction of the transparent device. Referring to fig. 2, taking ball a as an example, let V be the volume of ball a, g be the gravity acceleration, and the resultant forces in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are respectively (ignoring friction loss, the kinematic equation x of the transparent device is a cos ω t, and the acceleration of the transparent device is a-a ω t 2 cos ω t, A amplitude, ω angular frequency, t time parameter)
aV(ρ-ρ 1 ) (horizontal force)
ρgV-ρ 1 gV＝gV(ρ-ρ 1 ) (vertical force)
Arranged, the angle between the string of the ball A and the vertical line is satisfied
The unique point of the device is different from the existing experiment, 1) a motion state research device of objects with three different average densities in an acceleration reference system, particularly an acceleration reference system periodically meeting a simple harmonic motion rule is provided, 2) a motion state research device of the objects (balls automatically changing the average density) is provided under the condition that the average density of the objects in the acceleration reference system periodically meeting the simple harmonic motion rule is gradually changed, and 3) the concept of inertia and inertia force and the principle of equivalence can be deeply understood through the motion states of the objects in the acceleration reference system by the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1; is beneficial to the pair: inertia is a concept proposed by researching the state of an object under an inertial system, and inertia force is a concept drawn out in a form of conforming to Newton's law under a non-inertial reference system, so that correct understanding is formed, and past misconceptions are corrected. The device has simple structure, easy operation and obvious demonstration effect, and provides a beneficial device and method for teaching and scientific research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the patent
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the patent
Wherein the reference numbers: 1. transparent device, 2, straight rod, 3, spring, 4, horizontal table top, 5, airtight core, 6, reference column, 7, marking line
Detailed Description
Example 1, as shown in figure 1: an experimental method for researching inertia problems under a simple harmonic motion reference system mainly comprises a ball A, a ball B, a ball A1, a transparent device, a trolley and a spring, and is characterized in that: the transparent device 1 is fixed on a trolley which can freely move along a horizontal plane, the transparent device 1 is provided with a sealing upper cover, the transparent device 1 is a square container, and the bottom, the side wall and the sealing upper cover of the transparent device 1 are all made of transparent organic board materials; a straight rod 2 vertical to the side wall is fixed in the middle of the side wall (side surface) of the transparent device 1, the ball A and the ball B are respectively filled with hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas (or water), and are tied on the straight rod 2 by a soft non-telescopic thin rope, and the ball A and the ball B are respectively in a vertical suspension state and a vertical falling state; the method comprises the following steps that a ball A1 is filled with a certain amount of air and hydrogen, when the ball A1 is just in a floating state or just in a sinking state, namely the average density of the ball A1 is close to the air density of a transparent device 1, specifically, an airtight core 5 of a bicycle can be connected with a port of a balloon for fixed sealing, the other end of the airtight core 5 is connected with an ampoule of a 50-milliliter disposable syringe, the balloon is placed in the transparent device 1 for slowly filling hydrogen, when the balloon just floats upwards, the inflation is stopped, the airtight core 5 is sealed, the airtight core 5 on the ball A1 is tied on a straight rod by a soft and non-telescopic thin rope, and the upper cover of the transparent device 1 is covered and sealed;
scale marks are drawn on the side walls of the transparent device 1 close to the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface, and a reference column 6 is respectively fixed at the vertical position of the transparent device 1 close to the side walls of the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface, corresponding to the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 (the scale marks on the side walls of the transparent device 1 close to the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface are combined to determine the horizontal position change of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 relative to the box body). Two springs 3 are respectively fixed on the same horizontal straight line (parallel to front and rear wheels) at two ends of the trolley, the other ends of the two springs 3 are fixed on a vertical column (the vertical column is fixed on the horizontal table top 4) of the horizontal table top 4, so that the trolley is in a natural state of a spring 3 system (the horizontal direction stress force of the trolley is zero), a mark line 7 (used for observing the states of a ball A, a ball B and a ball A1 when a reference column 6 respectively corresponds to the left and right positions of the mark line 7) corresponding to the position of the straight rod 2 is drawn on the horizontal table top 4, and the shells of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 are all rubber films (balloons).
During the demonstration, the trolley is released after deviating the trolley from the natural state of the spring 3 system by hand (namely, the reference column 6 is released deviating the identification line 7 in the horizontal direction), and it can be seen that the ball A1 hardly moves relative to the trolley (or the swing amplitude is very small), the balls A and B obviously deviate from the vertical position, the ball A moves in the same direction as the acceleration of the trolley, and the ball B moves in the opposite direction to the acceleration of the trolley, namely, the ball A always tends to the vertical line of the identification line 7 (parallel to the vertical line of the reference column 6 when the reference column 6 crosses the identification line 7), and the ball B always keeps away from the vertical line of the identification line 7 (parallel to the vertical line of the reference column 6 when the reference column 6 crosses the identification line 7). The process of demonstration can be understood from fig. 2, which depicts the state of the floating ball (ball a) and the sinking ball (ball B) after the car is released from the natural state of the spring 3 system.
during demonstration: when the trolley is released by manually deviating from the natural state of the spring 3 system (i.e. the reference column 6 is released from the marking line 7 in the horizontal direction), it can be seen that initially the ball a1 deviates in the same direction as the acceleration of the trolley (the swing period of the ball a1 is the same as the vibration period of the trolley in the horizontal direction); as the gas in the ball a1 decreases, the ball a1 gradually approaches the vertical position at the tether position of the straight rod 2; then the ball A1 deviates from the position of the tether of the straight rod 2 and sinks down along the vertical position, the ball A1 gradually deviates from the vertical position at the tether position on the straight rod 2, the ball A1 deviates reversely from the acceleration of the trolley (parallel to the vertical line passing through the reference column 6 when the reference column 6 passes through the marking line 7), and the swing period of the ball A1 is the same as the vibration period of the trolley in the horizontal direction.
It should be noted that the specification is only illustrative and set forth of the spirit and substance of the patent, and that any modifications and alterations of the patent are intended to fall within the scope of the patent.
Claims (1)
1. An experimental method for researching inertia problem under simple harmonic motion reference system is composed of a ball A, a ball B, a ball A1, a transparent device, a trolley and a spring, and is characterized in that:
a straight rod perpendicular to the side wall is fixed in the middle of the side wall of the transparent device, and the average density of the straight rod is tied by soft strings
Less than the density of the fluid in the transparent device
Ball A, average density
Greater than the density of the fluid in the transparent device
Ball B of (1), average density
Equal to the density of the fluid in the transparent means
Ball a 1; scale lines are drawn on the side wall of the transparent device close to the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface, and a reference column is respectively fixed on the vertical position of the side wall of the transparent device close to the upper bottom and the lower bottom corresponding to the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1; two springs are respectively fixed on the same horizontal straight line at two ends of the trolley, the other ends of the two springs are fixed on a vertical column of a horizontal table top, so that the trolley is in a natural state of a spring system, marking lines corresponding to a ball A, a ball B and a ball A1 at the position of the straight rod are drawn on the horizontal table top, and shells of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 are all rubber films; the upper cover of the transparent device is covered and sealed; the specific process of inflation of ball a 1: connecting an airtight core of a bicycle with the opening of a balloon for fixed sealing, connecting the other end of the airtight core with an ampoule head of a 50 ml disposable injector, slowly filling hydrogen into the balloon in a transparent device, stopping filling the balloon when the balloon just floats upwards, sealing the airtight core, tying the airtight core on a ball A1 on a straight rod by using a soft non-telescopic thin rope, and covering and sealing an upper cover of the transparent device;
during demonstration, the trolley is released after deviating from the natural state of the spring system by hand, the ball A1 hardly moves relative to the trolley or the swing amplitude is very small, the balls A and B obviously deviate from the vertical position, the ball A moves in the same direction with the acceleration of the trolley, and the ball B moves in the opposite direction with the acceleration of the trolley;
when the transparent device system has acceleration relative to the ground, each object of the ball A, the ball B and the ball A1 in the transparent device system has an inertia force; taking ball a as an example, let V be the volume of ball a, g be the gravitational acceleration, the resultant forces applied in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are respectively:
horizontal direction stress: aV (
-
）
The vertical direction is stressed:
gV-
gV＝gV(
-
）
the included angle between the string of the ball A and the vertical line is satisfied
Wherein A is amplitude, omega is angular frequency, and t is time parameter;
or removing the ball A and the ball B, only leaving the ball A1, filling hydrogen into the ball A1 to enable the ball A1 to be in vertical suspension, tying an airtight core on the ball A1 on a straight rod by using a soft and non-telescopic string to enable the airtight core on the ball A1 to leak air slowly, gradually reducing the air in the ball A1, and covering and sealing an upper cover of the transparent device;
during demonstration: the trolley is released after deviating the natural state of the spring system by hand, the ball A1 deviates to the same direction with the acceleration of the trolley at first, the ball A1 gradually approaches to the vertical position at the position of the straight rod tether as the gas in the ball A1 decreases, then the ball A1 deviates from the position of the straight rod tether and sinks down along the vertical position, the ball A1 gradually deviates from the vertical position at the position of the tether on the straight rod, the ball A1 deviates to the opposite direction with the acceleration of the trolley, and the swing period of the ball A1 is the same as the vibration period of the trolley in the horizontal direction.
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| CN1053962C (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 2000-06-28 | 华中理工大学 | Wearability fast tester for magaetic recording medium |
| CN103594010B (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-09-09 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | A kind of method of in-line periodic discharge vibration |
| CN205068926U (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-03-02 | 费兆宁 | Image vibration presentation device that physical teaching used |
| CN209133028U (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-07-19 | 辽宁师范大学 | A kind of study demonstrator of non inertial reference frame |
| CN108447355B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-11-13 | 西华师范大学 | Multifunctional inertia law demonstration instrument |
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