CN112285637B - Experimental method for examining influence of tip top wave on electric energy metering - Google Patents
Experimental method for examining influence of tip top wave on electric energy metering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental method for checking the influence of a sharp peak wave on electric energy metering, wherein a standard power source output end outputs a sinusoidal voltage signal and a sinusoidal current signal; determining the relative error of the detected meter by using the pulse control standard meter output by the detected electric energy meter; stopping outputting a sinusoidal voltage signal and a sinusoidal current signal by the standard power source; the standard power source outputs a peak voltage signal and a peak current signal; obtaining a relative error gamma q of the detected meter under the influence of the peak wave; obtaining a relative error change value delta gamma q=γq-γbase; stopping outputting the spike voltage signal and the spike current signal by the standard power source; the Δγ q is compared with the set error change limit γ max to determine whether the table to be inspected satisfies the requirement. The test signal output by the standard power source accords with the actual operation condition of the site, the provided calculation method ensures that the relative error of the standard meter under the sine signal and the peak wave meets the requirement corresponding to the accuracy grade, and the evaluation of the influence of the peak wave on the metering performance of the electric energy meter is realized through the standard meter method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy metering, and particularly relates to an experimental method for checking influence of a tip top wave on electric energy metering.
Background
The electric energy meter is a special instrument for measuring electric energy, is the most basic equipment for electric energy measurement, and is widely applied to various links of power generation, power supply and power utilization. The accurate and reliable metering of the electric energy meter directly relates to the settlement of the electric charge between a power supply enterprise and an electricity user.
With the increase of a large number of nonlinear loads in a power grid, the influence of harmonic waves on the performance of an electric energy meter is more and more emphasized. For example, the national standard GB/T17215.321, section 21 of special requirements for AC measuring devices: static active electric energy meter: the 1-level and 2-level sets requirements of various harmonic waves on the influence of the electric energy meter, wherein the types of current harmonic waves during testing comprise: direct current and even harmonics, odd harmonics, direct current and even harmonics, and even harmonics; in addition, the method and the requirement of the voltage and current five harmonic influence test are specified. However, other harmonic types of voltage and current signals in the line exist when actually operating in the field. At present, a peak wave influence experimental method which accords with actual operation conditions and is used for checking the metering performance of the intelligent electric energy meter is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides an experimental method for checking the influence of the peak wave on the electric energy metering, aiming at the problem that the metering performance of the electric energy meter under the influence of the peak wave cannot be checked in the current harmonic wave influence test, so that the relative error of the standard meter under the sine signal and the peak wave is ensured to meet the requirement corresponding to the accuracy grade.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The method comprises the steps of detecting relative errors of a detected meter by using a standard meter method, wherein a voltage output end of an experimental standard power source is respectively connected with voltage terminals corresponding to the standard meter and the detected meter; the current output end of the standard power source is respectively connected with the current terminal corresponding to the standard meter and the tested meter; the voltage circuit of the detected meter is connected with the voltage circuit of the standard meter in parallel; the current line of the inspected meter is connected with the current line of the standard meter in series.
An experimental method for checking the influence of a tip top wave on electric energy metering, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: according to the specification of the detected meter, the standard power source voltage output end outputs a sine voltage signal, and the standard power source current output end outputs a sine current signal;
Step 2: the relative error gamma base of the detected meter is calculated according to the following formula by using the pulse (low frequency or high frequency) output by the detected electric energy meter to control the standard meter count:
Wherein: m 1 is the actual measured pulse number of the standard electric energy meter; m 0 is the calculated pulse number, calculated as:
Wherein: n is the number of low-frequency or high-frequency pulses of the detected meter; c 0 is the instrument constant of the standard table, imp/kWh; c L is the instrument constant of the table to be checked, imp/kWh; k I、KU is the transformation ratio of the current and voltage transformers externally connected with the standard meter respectively;
step 3: stopping outputting a sinusoidal voltage signal and a sinusoidal current signal by the standard power source;
Step 4: the voltage output end and the current output end of the standard power source respectively output a spike voltage signal and a spike current signal;
Step 5: obtaining a relative error gamma q of the detected meter under the influence of the sharp peak wave according to the method in the step 2;
step 6: obtaining a relative error change value delta gamma q=γq-γbase of the detected meter caused by the influence of the peak wave;
step 7: stopping outputting the spike voltage signal and the spike current signal by the standard power source;
Step 8: comparing the delta gamma q with a set error change limit gamma max, and if delta gamma q≤γmax is met, meeting the requirement of a detected table; if Δγ q≤γmax is not satisfied, the table to be checked does not satisfy the requirement.
In order to ensure that the standard meter can still keep accurate measurement under the peak wave signal, the following power calculation method is adopted, and the specific steps are as follows:
step ①: let the peak wave signal be Wherein f 0 is fundamental frequency, and A i and θ i are amplitude and phase angle of each subharmonic respectively;
Step ②: sampling the signal x (t) to obtain a discretized signal x (n):
Wherein f s is the sampling frequency;
Step ③: and (3) performing time domain weighting on the discretization signal x (n) in the step ② by adopting a minimum side lobe convolution window, and obtaining after discrete Fourier transformation:
Wherein, k=0, 1..n-1 is the serial number of the discrete spectral line, k 0=f0N/fs;
The time domain expression of the minimum sidelobe convolution window is as follows:
Wherein a p = [0.338946,0.481973,0.161054,0.018027] is a window function coefficient;
the spectrum function of the minimum sidelobe convolution window is as follows:
Step ④: ignoring the spectral leakage effects of the fundamental and each of the harmonics on the ith harmonic, X (k) can be reduced to
Step ⑤: under the asynchronous sampling condition, the accurate position ik 0 matched with the i-subharmonic frequency f i in a discrete frequency spectrum is a non-integer, namely ik 0=k1 +delta, wherein delta less than or equal to-0.5 represents the deviation of the real frequency; at this time, k 1≤ik0≤k2=k1 +1, where k 1 is the maximum magnitude line and k 2 is the next largest magnitude line; if the amplitudes of the two peak spectral lines are y 1 and y 2 respectively
Step ⑥: defining a discrete spectrum peak spectral line interpolation coefficient eta:
Step ⑦: taking a matched data pair (eta j,δj) of the J group coefficient eta and the deviation delta (j=0, 1, …, J-1) to calculate a residual gamma j=S(ηj)-δj of eta j, wherein S (eta) is a fitting polynomial, and the degree of the highest order of the S (eta) is Z times; the coefficient of the fitting polynomial is b z, wherein z=0, 1, …, Z-1;
Step ⑧: according to the criterion of minimum sum of squares of residual errors, can be obtained The partial derivative of the function is made to be 0, the coefficient b z of solving the fitting polynomial of the equation system is established,
Step ⑨: according to the real-time requirement, Z takes the value of 5 times, and the fitting polynomial is as follows:
δ=0.2273η5-1.4965η4+4.1872η3-6.5975η2+6.9690η-2.7894;
Step ⑩: let Δf=f s/N, the calculation formula of the ith harmonic frequency is:
fi=ik0Δf=(k1+δ)Δf;
Step (a) The amplitude A i and the initial phase angle theta i of the ith harmonic are calculated by the following formulas respectively
Step (a)Calculating to obtain the voltage amplitude/>, of the ith harmonicPhase angle/>Current amplitude/>And phase angle/>The electric energy generated by the ith harmonic is/>
Step (a)The total average power p=p 1+P3+P5+P7+P11+P13 obtained by the standard table, wherein P 1、P3、P5、P7、P11、P13 is the power generated by the peak voltage signal and the peak current signal of 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 times of the same frequency, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The experimental method simulates the working condition that harmonic waves exist in the circuit of the electric energy meter in site operation, ensures accurate measurement of the standard meter under the influence of the peak wave, can be used for checking the measurement performance of the electric energy meter under the influence of the peak wave, and is beneficial to improving the product quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental plot of the effects of the peak wave of an electric energy meter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an experimental method of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a power calculation method of the standard table of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric energy meter peak wave influence experiment, wherein the detection of relative errors of a tested meter is realized by using a standard meter method, and voltage output ends of a standard power source in the experiment are respectively connected with voltage terminals corresponding to the standard meter and the tested meter; the current output end of the standard power source is respectively connected with the current terminal corresponding to the standard meter and the tested meter; the voltage circuit of the detected meter is connected with the voltage circuit of the standard meter in parallel; the current line of the inspected meter is connected with the current line of the standard meter in series.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an experimental method of the invention, comprising the steps of:
Step 1: according to the specification of the detected meter, a sinusoidal voltage signal with an effective value of a reference voltage U N is output by a standard power source voltage output end, a sinusoidal current signal with an effective value of a calibration current I b is output by a standard power source current output end, and the sinusoidal voltage signal and the sinusoidal current signal are in phase, namely the power factor is 1 and the frequency is the reference frequency f 0 =50 Hz;
Step 2: the relative error gamma base of the detected meter is calculated according to the following formula by using the pulse (low frequency or high frequency) output by the detected electric energy meter to control the standard meter count:
Wherein: m 1 is the actual measured pulse number of the standard electric energy meter; m 0 is the calculated pulse number, calculated as:
Wherein: n is the number of low-frequency or high-frequency pulses of the detected meter; c 0 is the instrument constant of the standard table, imp/kWh; c L is the instrument constant of the table to be checked, imp/kWh; k I、KU is the transformation ratio of the current and voltage transformers externally connected with the standard meter respectively;
step 3: stopping outputting a sinusoidal voltage signal and a sinusoidal current signal by the standard power source;
step 4: the voltage output end and the current output end of the standard power source respectively output a spike voltage signal and a spike current signal, and the spike voltage signal meets the following requirements Wherein f 0 is the fundamental frequency,And/>The amplitude and phase angle of each subharmonic of the voltage are respectively set as follows: The peak current signal satisfies Wherein f 0 is fundamental frequency,/>And/>The amplitude and phase angle of each subharmonic of the current are respectively set as follows: /(I)
Step 5: obtaining a relative error gamma q of the detected meter under the influence of the sharp peak wave according to the method in the step 2;
step 6: obtaining a relative error change value delta gamma q=γq-γbase of the detected meter caused by the influence of the peak wave;
step 7: stopping outputting the spike voltage signal and the spike current signal by the standard power source;
Step 8: comparing the delta gamma q with a set error change limit gamma max, and if delta gamma q≤γmax is met, meeting the requirement of a detected table; if Δγ q≤γmax is not satisfied, the table to be checked does not satisfy the requirement. The error change limit gamma max can be set according to the accuracy level of the table to be checked and the relevant standard specification.
It should be noted that, in order to fully reflect the actual operation condition, the effective value of the sinusoidal current signal output by the current output end of the standard power source can be changed during the experiment, instead of performing the experiment under the condition of the calibration current I b, the power factor can also be changed, which can be 0.5L (sinusoidal voltage signal leading sinusoidal current signal) or 0.8C (sinusoidal voltage signal lagging sinusoidal current signal), and the experiment is performed under the condition that the power factor is 1.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the power metering method of the standard table of the invention, and the specific steps are as follows:
step ①: let the peak wave signal be Wherein f 0 is fundamental frequency, and A i and θ i are amplitude and phase angle of each subharmonic respectively;
Step ②: sampling the signal x (t) to obtain a discretized signal x (n):
Wherein f s is the sampling frequency;
Step ③: and (3) performing time domain weighting on the discretization signal x (n) in the step ② by adopting a minimum side lobe convolution window, and obtaining after discrete Fourier transformation:
Wherein, k=0, 1..n-1 is the serial number of the discrete spectral line, k 0=f0N/fs;
The time domain expression of the minimum sidelobe convolution window is as follows:
Wherein a p = [0.338946,0.481973,0.161054,0.018027] is a window function coefficient;
the spectrum function of the minimum sidelobe convolution window is as follows:
Step ④: ignoring the spectral leakage effects of the fundamental and each of the harmonics on the ith harmonic, X (k) can be reduced to
Step ⑤: under the asynchronous sampling condition, the accurate position ik 0 matched with the i-subharmonic frequency f i in a discrete frequency spectrum is a non-integer, namely ik 0=k1 +delta, wherein delta less than or equal to-0.5 represents the deviation of the real frequency; at this time, k 1≤ik0≤k2=k1 +1, where k 1 is the maximum magnitude line and k 2 is the next largest magnitude line; if the amplitudes of the two peak spectral lines are y 1 and y 2 respectively
Step ⑥: defining a discrete spectrum peak spectral line interpolation coefficient eta:
Step ⑦: taking a matched data pair (eta j,δj) of the J group coefficient eta and the deviation delta (j=0, 1, …, J-1) to calculate a residual gamma j=S(ηj)-δj of eta j, wherein S (eta) is a fitting polynomial, and the degree of the highest order of the S (eta) is Z times; the coefficient of the fitting polynomial is b z, wherein z=0, 1, …, Z-1;
Step ⑧: according to the criterion of minimum sum of squares of residual errors, can be obtained The partial derivative of the function is made to be 0, the coefficient b z of solving the fitting polynomial of the equation system is established,
Step ⑨: according to the real-time requirement, Z takes the value of 5 times, and the fitting polynomial is as follows:
δ=0.2273η5-1.4965η4+4.1872η3-6.5975η2+6.9690η-2.7894;
Step ⑩: let Δf=f s/N, the calculation formula of the ith harmonic frequency is:
fi=ik0Δf=(k1+δ)Δf;
Step (a) The amplitude Ai and the initial phase angle theta i of the ith harmonic are calculated by the following formulas respectively
Step (a)Calculating to obtain the voltage amplitude/>, of the ith harmonicPhase angle/>Current amplitude/>And phase angle/>The electric energy generated by the ith harmonic is/>
Step (a)The total average power p=p 1+P3+P5+P7+P11+P13 obtained by the standard table, wherein P 1、P3、P5、P7、P11、P13 is the power generated by the peak voltage signal and the peak current signal of 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 times of the same frequency, respectively.
It should be noted that: the test method can be used for detecting three-phase four-wire and three-phase three-wire intelligent electric energy meters, taking the three-phase four-wire as an example of the detected meter, and the standard power source is the standard power source of the three-phase four-wire at the moment, so that a three-phase voltage test signal and a three-phase current test signal can be generated; the standard table should also be a three-phase four-wire type with total average power p=p A+PB+PC, where P A、PB、PC is the average power of A, B, C three phases, respectively.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been presented only in terms of those specific and detailed descriptions, and is not, therefore, to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications, improvements and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. An experimental method for checking the influence of tip top waves on electric energy metering is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to the specification of the detected meter, the standard power source voltage output end outputs a sine voltage signal, and the standard power source current output end outputs a sine current signal;
Step 2: the relative error gamma base of the detected meter is calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein: m 1 is the actual measured pulse number of the standard electric energy meter; m 0 is the calculated pulse number, calculated as:
Wherein: n is the number of low-frequency or high-frequency pulses of the detected meter; c 0 is the instrument constant of the standard table, imp/kWh; c L is the instrument constant of the table to be checked, imp/kWh; k I、KU is the transformation ratio of the current and voltage transformers externally connected with the standard meter respectively;
step 3: stopping outputting a sinusoidal voltage signal and a sinusoidal current signal by the standard power source;
Step 4: the voltage output end and the current output end of the standard power source respectively output a spike voltage signal and a spike current signal;
Step 5: obtaining a relative error gamma q of the detected meter under the influence of the sharp peak wave according to the method in the step 2;
step 6: obtaining a relative error change value delta gamma q=γq-γbase of the detected meter caused by the influence of the peak wave;
step 7: stopping outputting the spike voltage signal and the spike current signal by the standard power source;
Step 8: comparing the delta gamma q with a set error change limit gamma max, and if delta gamma q≤γmax is met, meeting the requirement of a detected table; if the delta gamma q≤γmax is not satisfied, the inspected table does not satisfy the requirement;
the standard meter adopts the following power calculation method under the peak wave signal, and the specific steps are as follows:
step ①: let the peak wave signal be Wherein f 0 is fundamental frequency, and A i and θ i are amplitude and phase angle of each subharmonic respectively;
Step ②: sampling the signal x (t) to obtain a discretized signal x (n):
Wherein f s is the sampling frequency;
Step ③: and (3) performing time domain weighting on the discretization signal x (n) in the step ② by adopting a minimum side lobe convolution window, and obtaining after discrete Fourier transformation:
Wherein, k=0, 1..n-1 is the serial number of the discrete spectral line, k 0=f0N/fs;
The time domain expression of the minimum sidelobe convolution window is as follows:
Wherein a p = [0.338946,0.481973,0.161054,0.018027] is a window function coefficient;
the spectrum function of the minimum sidelobe convolution window is as follows:
step ④: neglecting the spectral leakage effects of the fundamental and each subharmonic on the ith subharmonic, X (k) can be reduced to:
Step ⑤: under the asynchronous sampling condition, the accurate position ik 0 matched with the i-subharmonic frequency f i in a discrete frequency spectrum is a non-integer, namely ik 0=k1 +delta, wherein delta less than or equal to-0.5 represents the deviation of the real frequency; at this time, k 1≤ik0≤k2=k1 +1, where k 1 is the maximum magnitude line and k 2 is the next largest magnitude line; if the amplitudes of the two peak spectral lines are y 1 and y 2 respectively
Step ⑥: defining a discrete spectrum peak spectral line interpolation coefficient eta:
Step ⑦: taking a matched data pair (eta j,δj) of the J group coefficient eta and the deviation delta (j=0, 1, …, J-1) to calculate a residual gamma j=S(ηj)-δj of eta j, wherein S (eta) is a fitting polynomial, and the degree of the highest order of the S (eta) is Z times; the coefficient of the fitting polynomial is b z, wherein z=0, 1, …, Z-1;
Step ⑧: according to the criterion of minimum sum of squares of residual errors, can be obtained The partial derivative of the function is made to be 0, the coefficient b z of solving the fitting polynomial of the equation system is established,
Step ⑨: according to the real-time requirement, Z takes the value of 5 times, and the fitting polynomial is as follows:
δ=0.2273η5-1.4965η4+4.1872η3-6.5975η2+6.9690η-2.7894;
Step ⑩: let Δf=f s/N, the calculation formula of the ith harmonic frequency is:
fi=ik0Δf=(k1+δ)Δf;
Step (a) The amplitude A i and the initial phase angle theta i of the ith harmonic are calculated by the following formulas respectively
Step (a)Calculating to obtain the voltage amplitude/>, of the ith harmonicPhase angle/>Current amplitude/>And phase angle/>The electric energy generated by the ith harmonic is/>
Step (a)The total average power p=p 1+P3+P5+P7+P11+P13 obtained by the standard table, wherein P 1、P3、P5、P7、P11、P13 is the power generated by the peak voltage signal and the peak current signal of 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 times of the same frequency, respectively.
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