CN112285042A - Spectrum detector and method for measuring transmission spectrum characteristics of optical material - Google Patents
Spectrum detector and method for measuring transmission spectrum characteristics of optical material Download PDFInfo
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spectrum detector and a method for measuring transmission spectral characteristics of optical materials. The spectrum detector is based on the light splitting function of an acousto-optic tunable filter and other electrically-controlled light splitting devices, a wide-spectrum light source is used as a standard light source and is connected to a light splitting system through an optical fiber interface, and after the standard light source is collimated by a collimating mirror, the acousto-optic tunable filter is used for aligning straight light to perform spectrum filtering, so that the wide-spectrum source with certain spectrum characteristics is generated. The wide spectrum source passes through the converging mirror and then is output through the collimating mirror in a collimating mode again, passes through the diaphragm and then is transmitted through the optical material to be detected, finally enters the integrating sphere through the integrating sphere opening, a detector is used for detecting whether the spectrum curve before and after the optical material to be detected exists at the other integrating sphere opening, and the transmission spectrum information of the optical material to be detected is obtained by comparing the two spectrum curves. The spectrum detector has simple structure and flexible and simple operation, and is suitable for the detection of spectral characteristics such as transmission spectrum measurement of optical materials and planar optical materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention designs a spectral analysis instrument, in particular to a spectral detector and a method thereof for measuring the spectral characteristics of an optical material, which are suitable for the field of spectral detection and analysis of the optical material, in particular for the field of spectral characteristic detection such as transmission spectrum measurement of the angular characteristics of non-planar optical materials (spectacle lenses, LED optical lenses, convex gratings and the like) and planar optical materials.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the living standard of people is greatly improved, and the requirements on safety, comfort and the like of various articles for daily use are higher and higher. In recent years, along with the increasing policies of monitoring living goods, medicines and environment/pollution by governments in various regions, the demand of monitoring instruments is increasing, and the release of the demand of spectral instruments in the future is also becoming a great trend.
Spectroscopic instruments have played a vital role in the laboratory since their emergence. Various spectral analysis techniques are used in process monitoring, compound identification, chemical structure determination, and other tasks. At present, the domestic spectral analysis instrument market is almost completely monopolized by foreign products, and the annual market demand is over billion RMB.
The visible near-infrared analyzer product has great potential in the aspects of demand and consumption, and the near-infrared analyzer in China has great demand and more application industry distribution, so that the product transfer and conversion development prospect is great from the aspects of demand and consumption.
The general transmission type spectrometer is mostly suitable for the vertical transmission spectrum measurement of a planar object, and when the object to be measured is a non-planar (spherical surface, curved surface, etc.) or the angular characteristics of the planar object need to be measured, signals cannot be completely received by the detector due to the scattering of the emergent light beam, so that the accuracy and reliability of the spectrum measurement are affected.
The existing transmission type spectrometers for measuring non-planar objects are mainly realized by adopting a filter mode, a front monochromator mode and a Fourier transform mode. The mode of the optical filter can only obtain discrete spectral data points, and the data precision is not enough; the mode of a front monochromator mostly adopts grating light splitting, so that the collimation of the obtained monochromatic light beam is slightly poor, and the measurement accuracy is influenced; the fourier transform is complex to implement and costly.
The invention can flexibly adjust the spot size of the light beam and the incident angle of the light beam by utilizing the diaphragm and the stepping motor, and can conveniently realize the transmission spectrum measurement of the angle characteristics of the non-planar optical material and the planar optical material by combining the light receiving and light homogenizing of the integrating sphere, and can also adapt to the optical materials to be measured with different sizes, especially small sizes.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of the acousto-optic tunable filter of electrically controlled selection of wavelength and no motion mechanism to realize the collimation output of monochromatic light beams, thereby realizing the transmission spectrum detection of optical materials. An Acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is a narrow-band tunable filter, which is a light-splitting device made according to the principle of Acousto-optic action. Wavelength scanning is achieved by adjusting the diffracted light wavelength by varying the frequency of the radio frequency drive signal applied to the crystal. The technology is widely applied to non-imaging and imaging spectrum instruments at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectral characteristics of optical materials and a method thereof, the invention is based on the light splitting function of an electric-controlled light splitting device such as an acousto-optic tunable filter and the like, a wide spectrum light source is used as a standard light source, the standard light source is output through collimation of an off-axis parabolic reflector, then the acousto-optic tunable filter is used for carrying out spectrum filtering on the straight light, so that the wide spectrum source with certain spectral characteristics is generated, the wide spectrum source is changed into parallel light beams after being collimated by the off-axis parabolic reflector and is output, the parallel light beams pass through a diaphragm hole and then are transmitted through the optical materials to be measured, and finally enter an integrating sphere, the other port of the integrating sphere detects the spectral curves before and after the existence of the optical materials to be measured, and the transmission spectral characteristics of the optical materials. The incidence angle of the parallel light beams transmitted into the optical material to be measured can be adjusted through the stepping motor, and the transmission spectrum measurement of the angle characteristic of the optical material to be measured is realized.
The key component of the invention is an Acousto-optic tunable filter, which is a narrow-band tunable filter and is a light splitting device manufactured according to the Acousto-optic action principle. Wavelength scanning is achieved by adjusting the diffracted light wavelength by varying the frequency of the radio frequency drive signal applied to the crystal. The technology is widely applied to non-imaging and imaging spectrum instruments at present. The light splitting principle of the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF): when a beam of polychromatic light passes through a high-frequency vibrating crystal with optical elasticity, monochromatic light with a certain wavelength can be diffracted inside the crystal and transmitted out of the crystal at a certain angle, and the undiffracted polychromatic light directly transmits through the crystal along the original light transmission direction, so that the light splitting purpose is achieved. When the vibration frequency of the crystal is changed, the wavelength of the transmitted monochromatic light is also changed correspondingly.
The invention relates to a spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristic of an optical material and a method thereof, wherein the spectrum detector comprises a sample placing module 1, a spectrum light splitting module 2, a data acquisition and control module 3, a standard light source module 4 and an integrating sphere 5; the standard light source module 4 sends out a wide spectrum light signal to enter the spectrum light splitting module 2, the spectrum light splitting module 2 emits monochromatic parallel light to the sample placing module 1 under the control of the data acquisition and control module 3, the monochromatic light enters the integrating sphere 5 after being transmitted through the optical material to be detected, the data acquisition and control module 3 detects the monochromatic light signal after being homogenized by the integrating sphere 5, the data acquisition and control module 3 detects information of different monochromatic lights before and after the existence of the optical material to be detected and forms a spectrum curve, and transmission spectrum information of the optical material to be detected is obtained by comparing the two spectrum curves.
The sample placing module 1 comprises a diaphragm 101, an object stage 102, a stepping motor 103, an optical material to be detected 104 and a first electric connecting wire 105; when the spectrum detector works, the optical material 104 to be detected is placed on the object stage 102, and the first electric connecting wire 105 is connected with the data acquisition and control module 3 and the stepping motor 103; the size of the aperture of the diaphragm 101 is manually adjusted to enable the diameter of the emergent beam to be smaller than that of the optical material 104 to be measured, the rotation of the stepping motor 103 can be electrically controlled, the incident angle of the beam entering the optical material 104 to be measured is changed, and the transmission spectrum measurement of the angular characteristic of the optical material 104 to be measured is realized;
the spectrum light splitting module 2 comprises an SMA optical fiber seat I201, an incidence off-axis parabolic reflector 202, a polarizing Glan prism 203, an acousto-optic tunable filter 204, a polarization analyzing Glan prism 205, an emergence off-axis parabolic reflector 206, a converging mirror 207, an SMA radio frequency seat I208 and a radio frequency cable 209; the end surface of the SMA fiber holder I201 is positioned at the convergent focus of the incident off-axis parabolic reflector 202; the incident off-axis parabolic reflector 202 collimates the light beam of the broad spectrum light source 402 coupled into the optical fiber 405; the polarizing glan prism 203, the acousto-optic tunable filter 204, the analyzer glan prism 205 and the converging mirror 207 are vertically arranged on the light path of the collimated light beam; the emergent off-axis parabolic reflector 206 collimates and outputs the diffracted light converged by the converging mirror 207, so that the parallelism of the output light beam is improved and the spot size of the light beam is reduced; when the spectrum detector works, light beams output by the optical fiber 405 are collimated and output after entering the off-axis parabolic reflector 202, the collimated light forms linear polarization light in the horizontal or vertical direction after passing through the polarization glan prism 203, the linear polarization light passes through the acousto-optic tunable filter 204 and then passes through the polarization glan prism 205, and the direction of the polarization glan prism 205 is orthogonal to the direction of the polarization glan prism 204; when the acousto-optic tunable filter 204 does not work, collimated light cannot pass through the analyzer glan prism 205, when the acousto-optic tunable filter 204 works at a certain radio frequency driving frequency, light with a certain wavelength can be diffracted, the polarization direction of diffracted light is consistent with the direction of the analyzer glan prism 205, the diffracted light is changed into collimated light to be output after passing through the analyzer glan prism 205, the converging mirror 207 and the emergent off-axis parabolic reflector 206, and the output of the collimated light with different wavelengths is realized by changing the radio frequency driving frequency;
the data acquisition and control module 3 comprises a connector mounting structure 3-1, a radio frequency power amplifier 3-2, a power supply and control circuit board 3-3, a supporting copper column 3-4, a cooling fan 3-5 and a detector module 3-6; the connector mounting structure 3-1 is provided with a power switch button 311, a DC power supply seat 312, a USB interface seat 313, an SMA radio frequency seat II 314 and an electric connection seat 315; the radio frequency power amplifier 3-2 is connected with an SMA radio frequency seat II 314 and a radio frequency drive signal generating circuit 333 through a radio frequency cable 209; the power supply and control circuit board 3-3 consists of a power supply circuit 331, an FPGA circuit 332, a radio frequency driving signal generating circuit 333, a communication circuit 334 and a motor driving circuit 335; the power circuit 331 converts the power supply into a secondary power supply to meet the power supply requirements of each unit of the data acquisition and control module 3; when the spectrum detector works, the communication circuit 334 receives an instruction and controls the spectrum acquisition system to work through the FPGA circuit 332; the FPGA circuit 332 controls the radio frequency driving signal generating circuit 333 to generate a radio frequency signal with a required frequency, and the radio frequency signal is amplified by the radio frequency power amplifier 3-2 and then applied to the acousto-optic tunable filter 204; the FPGA circuit 332 generates a radio frequency channel selection signal to the radio frequency power amplifier 3-2 to select a radio frequency signal output channel, so that the requirement of instrument spectrum selection is met; the FPGA circuit 332 controls the motor driving circuit 335 to work, drives the stepping motor 103 to rotate by a corresponding angle, and changes the incident angle of the light beam of the optical material 104 to be measured; the FPGA circuit 332 controls the detector modules 3-6 to acquire spectral signals and perform AD conversion through the second electric connecting wire 106, receives and processes digital signals transmitted by the detector modules 3-6, amplifies optical signals received by the detectors in an integral amplification mode, can flexibly adjust integral time, and improves the quality of the spectral signals and the speed of spectrum acquisition;
the standard light source module 4 comprises a light source mounting seat 401, a broad spectrum light source 402, an optical converging mirror 403, a SMA optical fiber seat II 404 and an optical fiber 405; the power circuit 331 supplies stable constant current power to the broad spectrum light source 402 through the third electrical connection line 107, so that the stability of the broad spectrum light source 402 is ensured; when the spectrum detector works, the broad spectrum light source 402 is connected with the SMA optical fiber seat I201 and the SMA optical fiber seat II 404 of the spectrum splitting module 2 through the optical fiber 405;
the integrating sphere 5 receives monochromatic light signals transmitted through the optical material 104 to be detected when the spectrum detector works, and the monochromatic light signals are homogenized by the integrating sphere 5 and then detected by the detector modules 3-6; compared with the diameter of the emergent light beam of the spectrum splitting module 2, the light receiving opening of the integrating sphere 5 is large, even if the transmitted light beam passing through the optical material 104 to be measured has certain scattering, the light beam can be completely received and homogenized by the integrating sphere, and the accuracy of spectrum measurement is improved.
A spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristic of optical materials and a method thereof are characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) device connection
The sample placing module 1, the spectrum light splitting module 2, the data acquisition and control module 3, the standard light source module 4, the computer and the external power supply are correctly connected by using the optical fiber 405, the radio frequency cable 209, the first electric connecting wire 105, the second electric connecting wire 106, the third electric connecting wire 107, the power adapter and the USB wire.
2) Preheating of the apparatus, preparation before operation
2-1) the power circuit 331 supplies power to the standard light source module 4, and the broad spectrum light beam output through the optical fiber 405 enters the spectrum splitting module 2;
2-2) the power circuit 331 converts the power supply into a secondary power supply to supply power to other modules; the FPGA circuit 332 sends standby state information to the upper computer through the communication circuit 334;
3) description of spectral acquisition
After receiving the spectrum acquisition instruction, the FPGA circuit 332 controls the radio frequency power amplifier 3-2 to power off, the acousto-optic tunable filter 204 does not work, no effective light enters the integrating sphere 5, and at this time, the optical signal detected by the detector module 3-6 is subjected to integral amplification to obtain an invalid signal D, wherein the invalid signal D includes a dark current signal of the detector and a stray light signal of the system. After the invalid signal D is collected, the FPGA circuit 332 controls the radio frequency power amplifier 3-2 to be powered on, the acousto-optic tunable filter 204 works, and at the moment, the optical signal detected by the detector module 3-6 is subjected to integral amplification to obtain a comprehensive signal Z, wherein the comprehensive signal Z comprises an effective optical signal, a dark current signal of a detector and a stray light signal of a system. The effective optical signal S, S ═ Z-D can be obtained by calculation. By acquiring the whole spectrum data in this way, the accuracy and reliability of the spectrum data can be improved.
4) Standard light source spectrum collection
4-1) no optical material 104 to be measured is placed on the stage 102;
4-2) sending a standard light source spectrum acquisition instruction to the data acquisition and control module 3 through an upper computer, controlling each functional module to work in sequence by the FPGA circuit 332 to obtain standard spectrum data SstdThen, the data is transmitted to an upper computer through a communication circuit 334;
4-3) recording and storing the intensity of the diffracted light signal entering the integrating sphere 5, wherein the spectrum curve is a standard spectrum curve;
5) acquisition of transmission spectra of optical material 104 to be measured
5-1) taking an optical material 104 to be measured, and vertically placing the optical material on an object stage 102;
5-2) the optical material 104 to be detected is vertical to the incident beam by default, an instruction can be sent by the upper computer, the FPGA circuit 332 controls the motor driving circuit 335 to work, the stepping motor 103 is driven to rotate, and the incident angle of the beam is changed.
5-3) sending a transmission spectrum acquisition instruction of the optical material 104 to be detected to the data acquisition and control module 3 through the upper computer, controlling the functional modules to work in sequence by the FPGA circuit 332 to obtain transmission spectrum data S of the optical material 104 to be detectedsamThen, the data is transmitted to an upper computer through a communication circuit 334;
5-4) recording and storing the intensity of a diffraction light signal entering the integrating sphere 5 under the condition that the optical material 104 to be detected exists, wherein the spectrum curve is a transmission spectrum curve of the optical material 104 to be detected;
6) data analysis and processing
6-1) calculating the transmissivity T of the optical material 104 to be measured to light sources with different wavelengths by comparing the standard spectral curve with the transmission spectral curve of the optical material 104 to be measuredλ(Tλ＝Ssam/Sstd)；
6-2) obtaining the transmittance spectrum curve of the optical material to be measured in the measuring wavelength range through calculation.
The invention is mainly characterized in that:
a) the spectrum detector has simple structure and flexible and simple operation, and is particularly suitable for the field of spectrum characteristic detection such as transmission spectrum measurement of angle characteristics of non-planar optical materials (spectacle lenses, LED optical lenses, convex gratings and the like) and planar optical materials.
b) The spectrum detection calibration method is simple and low in cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum detector in the example.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spectral splitting module 2 in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and control module 3 in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power and control circuit board 3-3 according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a spectral response curve of the PIN photodiode in the example.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of spectrum data acquisition in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of optical materials and a method thereof, wherein the spectrum detector consists of a sample placing module 1, a spectrum light splitting module 2, a data acquisition and control module 3, a standard light source module 4 and an integrating sphere 5, and the following describes the implementation example of the method in detail with reference to the attached drawings. The main components used in the present invention are described below: the spectrum detector and the spectrum detection method thereof are characterized in that:
1) broad spectrum light source 402: in the embodiment, the wide-spectrum light source 402 output by the optical fiber adopts an 998319-15 type halogen tungsten lamp light source of WelchAllyn company, the stability is better than 5 per thousand, and the spectral range is 400nm-2400 nm;
2) incident off-axis parabolic mirror 202, exit off-axis parabolic mirror 206, converging mirror 207: the incident off-axis parabolic mirror 202, the emergent off-axis parabolic mirror 206 and the converging mirror 207 adopted in the embodiment are self-designed components, the lens adopts MPD019-G01 of Thorlabs company, and the spectral range is 450nm-20 um;
3) polarizing glan prism 203, analyzing glan prism 205: in this embodiment, GL15Glan-Laser calcium Polarizers from Thorlabs corporation is used, and the extinction ratio is better than 10000: 1, the spectral range is 350nm-2500 nm;
4) acousto-optic tunable filter 204: the acousto-optic tunable filter 206 used in this embodiment is a product customized by research institute 26 of the china electronic technology group, and its main technical indexes are:
a) the working wavelength is as follows: 500nm-1100nm
b) Spectral resolution: 2nm-12nm
c) Diffraction efficiency: not less than 60 percent
d) Driving power: less than or equal to 2W
e) Driving frequency range: 60MHz-160MHz
5) A detector: in the embodiment, the detectors in the detector modules 3 to 6 adopt FYM-SD100-11-221 type PIN photodiodes of the star light and electricity, and the main technical indexes are as follows: having a photosensitive area of
The spectral response range is 350nm-1100 nm.
The invention relates to a spectrum detector and a method for measuring the spectral characteristics of an optical material. The invention is suitable for the field of spectrum detection and analysis of optical materials, in particular to the field of spectrum characteristic detection of transmission spectrum measurement of angle characteristics of non-planar optical materials (spectacle lenses, LED optical lenses, convex gratings and the like) and planar optical materials. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) device connection
The sample placing module 1, the spectrum light splitting module 2, the data acquisition and control module 3, the standard light source module 4, the computer and the external power supply are correctly connected by using the optical fiber 405, the radio frequency cable 209, the first electric connecting wire 105, the second electric connecting wire 106, the third electric connecting wire 107, the power adapter and the USB wire.
2) Preheating of the apparatus, preparation before operation
2-1) the power circuit 331 supplies power to the standard light source module 4, and the broad spectrum light beam output through the optical fiber 405 enters the spectrum splitting module 2;
2-2) the power circuit 331 converts the power supply into a secondary power supply to supply power to other modules; the FPGA circuit 332 sends the standby state information to the upper computer via the communication circuit 334.
3) Standard light source spectrum collection
3-1) no optical material 104 to be measured is placed on the object stage 102;
3-2) sending a standard light source spectrum acquisition instruction to the data acquisition and control module 3 through an upper computer, controlling each functional module to work in sequence by the FPGA circuit 332 to obtain standard spectrum data SstdThen, the data is transmitted to an upper computer through a communication circuit 334;
3-3) recording and storing the intensity of the diffracted light signal entering the integrating sphere 5, wherein the spectrum curve is a standard spectrum curve.
4) Acquisition of transmission spectrum of optical material to be measured
4-1) taking an optical material 104 to be measured, and vertically placing the optical material on an object stage 102;
4-2)) the optical material 104 to be detected is vertical to the incident light beam by default, an instruction can be sent by an upper computer, the FPGA circuit 332 controls the motor driving circuit 335 to work, the stepping motor 103 is driven to rotate, and the incident angle of the light beam is changed;
4-3) sending a transmission spectrum acquisition instruction of the optical material 104 to be detected to the data acquisition and control module 3 through the upper computer, controlling the functional modules to work in sequence by the FPGA circuit 332 to obtain transmission spectrum data S of the optical material 104 to be detectedsamThen, the data is transmitted to an upper computer through a communication circuit 334;
4-4) recording and storing the intensity of the diffraction light signal entering the integrating sphere 5 under the condition that the optical material 104 to be tested exists, wherein the spectrum curve is the transmission spectrum curve of the optical material 104 to be tested.
5) Data analysis and processing
5-1) calculating the transmissivity T of the optical material 104 to be measured to light sources with different wavelengths by comparing the standard spectral curve with the transmission spectral curve of the optical material 104 to be measuredλ(Tλ＝Ssam/Sstd)；
5-2) obtaining the transmittance spectrum curve of the optical material to be measured in the measuring wavelength range through calculation.
Claims (17)
1. A spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of optical materials comprises a sample placing module (1), a spectrum light splitting module (2), a data acquisition and control module (3), a standard light source module (4) and an integrating sphere (5); the method is characterized in that:
the standard light source module (4) sends a wide-spectrum light signal to enter the spectrum light splitting module (2), the spectrum light splitting module (2) emits monochromatic parallel light to the sample placing module (1) under the control of the data acquisition and control module (3), the monochromatic light enters the integrating sphere (5) after passing through an optical material to be detected, and the data acquisition and control module (3) detects the monochromatic light signal after being homogenized by the integrating sphere (5); the data acquisition and control module (3) detects information of different monochromatic light before and after the existence of the optical material to be detected and forms a spectrum curve, and the transmission spectrum information of the optical material to be detected is obtained by comparing the two spectrum curves.
2. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 1, wherein: the sample placing module (1) comprises a diaphragm (101), an object stage (102), a stepping motor (103), an optical material to be detected (104) and a first electric connecting wire (105);
the diaphragm (101) is fixedly arranged right in front of the objective table (102), and the stepping motor (103) can drive the objective table (102) to rotate so as to rotate the optical material (104) to be detected;
when the spectrum detector works, an optical material (104) to be detected is placed on the objective table (102), and an electric connecting line I (105) is connected with the data acquisition and control module (3) and the stepping motor (103); the size of the aperture of the diaphragm (101) is manually adjusted to enable the diameter of the emergent light beam to be smaller than that of the optical material (104) to be measured, and the incident angle of the light beam entering the optical material (104) to be measured is changed by controlling the rotation of the stepping motor (103), so that the transmission spectrum measurement of the angle characteristic of the optical material (104) to be measured is realized.
3. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 2, wherein: the adjustable range of the light transmission aperture of the diaphragm (101) is phi 0 to phi 10 mm.
4. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 2, wherein: the stepping precision of the stepping motor (103) is better than 0.1 degree.
5. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 1, wherein: the spectrum light splitting module (2) comprises an SMA optical fiber seat I (201), an incidence off-axis parabolic reflector (202), a polarizing Glan prism (203), an acousto-optic tunable filter (204), a polarizing Glan prism (205), an emergence off-axis parabolic reflector (206), a converging mirror (207), an SMA radio frequency seat I (208) and a radio frequency cable (209); the end face of the SMA fiber holder I (201) is positioned at the convergent focus of the incident off-axis parabolic reflector (202); the incidence off-axis parabolic reflector (202) can collimate the light beam of the broad spectrum light source (402) accessed by the optical fiber (405); the polarizing Glan prism (203), the acousto-optic tunable filter (204), the analyzing Glan prism (205) and the converging lens (207) are vertically arranged on a light path of the collimated light beam; the emergent off-axis parabolic reflector (206) collimates and outputs the diffracted light converged by the converging mirror (207), so that the parallelism of output light beams is improved, and the spot size of the light beams is reduced; when the spectrum detector works, light beams output by the optical fiber (405) are collimated and output after entering the off-axis parabolic reflector (202), the collimated light forms linear polarization light in the horizontal or vertical direction after passing through the polarizing Glan prism (203), the linear polarization light passes through the acousto-optic tunable filter (204) and then passes through the polarization detecting Glan prism (205), and the direction of the polarization detecting Glan prism (205) is orthogonal to the direction of the polarizing Glan prism (204); when the acousto-optic tunable filter (204) does not work, collimated light cannot pass through the analyzer graham prism (205), when the acousto-optic tunable filter (204) works under a certain radio frequency driving frequency, light with a certain wavelength can be diffracted, the polarization direction of diffracted light is consistent with the direction of the analyzer graham prism (205), the diffracted light is changed into collimated light to be output after passing through the analyzer graham prism (205), the converging mirror (207) and the emergent off-axis parabolic reflector (206), and the output of the collimated light with different wavelengths is realized by changing the radio frequency driving frequency.
6. A spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 5, wherein:
the incident off-axis parabolic reflector (202), the converging mirror (207) and the emergent off-axis parabolic reflector (206) are 12.7mm in mirror surface diameter and 25.4mm in reflection focal length.
7. A spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 5, wherein: the working spectrum of the acousto-optic tunable filter (204) covers the wavelength range of the spectrum to be measured, and the wavelength range is 500nm-1100 nm.
8. A spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 5, wherein: the spectral response range of the polarizing Glan prism (203) covers the wavelength range of the spectrum to be measured, the wavelength range is 500nm-1100nm, and the extinction ratio is superior to 1000: 1.
9. A spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 5, wherein: the spectral response range of the polarizing Glan prism (203) covers the wavelength range of the spectrum to be measured, the wavelength range is 500nm-1100nm, and the extinction ratio is superior to 1000: 1.
10. A spectrum detector for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 5, wherein: the spectral response range of the polarization analysis Glan prism (205) covers the wavelength range of the spectrum to be measured, the wavelength range is 500nm-1100nm, and the extinction ratio is superior to 1000: 1.
11. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition and control module (3) comprises a connector mounting structure (3-1), a radio frequency power amplifier (3-2), a power supply and control circuit board (3-3), a supporting copper column (3-4), a cooling fan (3-5) and a detector module (3-6); the socket connector mounting structure (3-1) is provided with a power switch button (311), a DC power supply seat (312), a USB interface seat (313), an SMA radio frequency seat II (314) and an electric connection seat (315); the radio frequency power amplifier (3-2) is connected with an SMA radio frequency seat II (314) and a radio frequency driving signal generating circuit (333) through a radio frequency cable (209); the power supply and control circuit board (3-3) consists of a power supply circuit (331), an FPGA circuit (332), a radio frequency driving signal generating circuit (333), a communication circuit (334) and a motor driving circuit (335); the power supply circuit (331) converts power supply into a secondary power supply to meet the power supply requirements of all units of the data acquisition and control module (3); when the spectrum detector works, the communication circuit (334) receives an instruction and controls the spectrum acquisition system to work through the FPGA circuit (332); the FPGA circuit (332) controls the radio frequency driving signal generating circuit (333) to generate a radio frequency signal with required frequency, and the radio frequency signal is amplified by the radio frequency power amplifier (3-2) and then applied to the acousto-optic tunable filter (204); the FPGA circuit (332) generates a radio frequency channel selection signal to the radio frequency power amplifier (3-2) to select a radio frequency signal output channel, so that the requirement of instrument spectrum selection is met; the FPGA circuit (332) controls the motor driving circuit (335) to work, drives the stepping motor (103) to rotate by a corresponding angle, and changes the incident angle of the light beam of the optical material (104) to be measured; the FPGA circuit (332) controls the detector modules (3-6) to acquire the spectrum signals and perform AD conversion through the second electric connecting wire (106), receives and processes the digital signals transmitted by the detector modules (3-6), and performs signal amplification on the optical signals received by the detectors in an integral amplification mode, so that the integral time can be flexibly adjusted, and the quality of the spectrum signals and the spectrum acquisition speed are improved.
12. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 11, wherein: the working spectrum of the detector modules (3-6) covers the wavelength range of the spectrum to be detected, and the wavelength range is 500nm-1100 nm.
13. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 1, wherein: the standard light source module (4) comprises a light source mounting seat (401), a wide-spectrum light source (402), an optical converging mirror (403), an SMA optical fiber seat II (404) and an optical fiber (405); the power circuit (331) provides stable constant current power supply for the broad spectrum light source (402) through the electric connection line III (107), so that the stability of the broad spectrum light source (402) is ensured; when the spectrum detector works, the wide-spectrum light source (402) is connected with the SMA optical fiber seat I (201) and the SMA optical fiber seat II (404) of the spectrum light splitting module (2) through the optical fiber (405).
14. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 13, wherein: the wide-spectrum light source (402) is a halogen tungsten lamp, the spectrum range covers the wavelength range of the spectrum to be detected, and the wavelength range of the spectrum to be detected is 500nm-1100 nm.
15. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 13, wherein: the working spectrum of the optical fiber (405) covers the wavelength range of the spectrum to be measured, and the wavelength range is 500nm-1100 nm.
16. A spectrum sensor for measuring the transmission spectrum characteristics of an optical material according to claim 1, wherein: the light receiving opening of the integrating sphere (5) is larger than the diameter of the emergent light beam of the spectrum light splitting module (2).
17. A method for measuring spectral characteristics of an optical material based on the spectral probe for measuring transmission spectral characteristics of an optical material according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) device connection
The sample placing module (1), the spectrum light splitting module (2), the data acquisition and control module (3), the standard light source module (4), the computer and an external power supply are correctly connected by using an optical fiber (405), a radio frequency cable (209), an electrical connecting wire I (105), an electrical connecting wire II (106), an electrical connecting wire III (107), a power adapter and a USB wire;
2) preheating of the apparatus, preparation before operation
2-1) the power circuit (331) supplies power to the standard light source module (4), and the wide spectrum light beam output by the optical fiber (405) enters the spectrum light splitting module (2);
2-2) the power circuit (331) converts the power supply into a secondary power supply to supply power to other modules; the FPGA circuit (332) sends standby state information to the upper computer through the communication circuit (334);
3) description of spectral acquisition
After a spectrum acquisition instruction is received, the FPGA circuit (332) controls the radio frequency power amplifier (3-2) to be powered off, the acousto-optic tunable filter (204) does not work, no effective light enters the integrating sphere (5), and at the moment, an optical signal detected by the detector module (3-6) is subjected to integral amplification to obtain an invalid signal D, wherein the invalid signal D comprises a dark current signal of the detector and a stray light signal of the system. After the invalid signal D is collected, the FPGA circuit (332) controls the radio frequency power amplifier (3-2) to be powered on, the acousto-optic tunable filter (204) works, at the moment, the optical signal detected by the detector module (3-6) is subjected to integral amplification to obtain a comprehensive signal Z, and the comprehensive signal Z comprises an effective optical signal, a dark current signal of the detector and a stray light signal of a system. Calculating to obtain an effective optical signal S, S-Z-D;
4) standard light source spectrum collection
4-1) no optical material (104) to be measured is placed on the object stage (102);
4-2) sending a standard light source spectrum acquisition instruction to the data acquisition and control module (3) through an upper computer, and controlling each functional module to work in sequence by the FPGA circuit (332) to obtain standard spectrum data SstdThen, the data is transmitted to an upper computer through a communication circuit (334);
4-3) recording and storing the intensity of the diffracted light signal entering the integrating sphere (5), wherein the spectrum curve is a standard spectrum curve;
5) acquisition of transmission spectra of an optical material (104) to be measured
5-1) taking an optical material (104) to be measured, and vertically placing the optical material on an object stage (102);
5-2) the optical material (104) to be detected is vertical to the incident beam by default, an instruction can be sent through an upper computer, the FPGA circuit (332) controls a motor driving circuit (335) to work, a stepping motor (103) is driven to rotate, and the incident angle of the beam is changed;
5-3) sending a transmission spectrum acquisition instruction of the optical material (104) to be detected to the data acquisition and control module (3) through the upper computer, controlling each functional module to work in sequence by the FPGA circuit (332) to obtain transmission spectrum data S of the optical material (104) to be detectedsamThen, the data is transmitted to an upper computer through a communication circuit (334);
5-4) recording and storing the intensity of a diffraction light signal entering the integrating sphere (5) under the condition that the optical material (104) to be tested exists, wherein the spectrum curve is a transmission spectrum curve of the optical material (104) to be tested;
6) data analysis and processing
6-1) calculating the transmissivity T of the optical material (104) to be measured to light sources with different wavelengths by comparing the standard spectral curve with the transmission spectral curve of the optical material (104) to be measuredλ(Tλ＝Ssam/Sstd)；
6-2) obtaining the transmittance spectrum curve of the optical material to be measured in the measuring wavelength range through calculation.
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