CN112284989A - Coarse aggregate grain shape detection equipment and evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coarse aggregate grain shape detection device and an evaluation method, which belong to the technical detection field of concrete materials and comprise the following steps: the device comprises an equipment foundation, a speed sensor, a driving assembly, a supporting device, a rotary cylinder, an audio sensor and a central controller. The invention discloses a coarse aggregate grain shape detection device and an evaluation method, which are used for quantitatively expressing the flow property of coarse aggregates by determining the ratio of the rotating speed of coarse aggregate particles in a rotary cylinder body when the coarse aggregate particles reach a centrifugal state to the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed, and indirectly reflecting the coarse aggregate grain shape, thereby being beneficial to aggregate production enterprises to improve a production line, improving the grain shape and promoting the technical development of the aggregate processing industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a coarse aggregate grain shape detection device and an evaluation method, and belongs to the technical detection field of concrete materials.
Background
In the concrete technology, the shape of coarse aggregate particles has great influence on the mixing ratio of ready-mixed concrete and the performance of hardened concrete, and the existing standards and documents mainly comprise three methods for evaluating the shape of the coarse aggregate particles:
the first type: and (4) directly measuring.
Aggregate particle shape was evaluated in "quality of sand and stone for ordinary concrete and inspection method Standard" JGJ52-2006 "in terms of the total content of needle-like and flaky particles". The identification method of the needle-shaped and sheet-shaped particles comprises the following steps: screening a sample into different grain grades, and identifying the grain by using a sheet gauge corresponding to the hole width and a needle gauge corresponding to the interval, wherein the grain with the length larger than the interval of the needle gauges is needle-shaped grain; the thickness of the particles is smaller than the corresponding hole width of the sheet gauge. The total content of acicular or flaky particles is an index reflecting the content of particles having an extremely irregular shape in the coarse aggregate, but the degree of irregularity of the extremely irregular particles is not quantified, and the shapes of other relatively regular particles are not quantified. Therefore, the index of the total content of acicular or flaky particles alone cannot accurately reflect the shape of coarse aggregate particles, and the index is not very representative due to a small amount of a sample to be detected.
The second type: three-dimensional scanning method
Three-dimensional size, surface area and volume information of aggregate particles are obtained by using an X-ray CT technology or a laser scanning technology, and shape indexes such as aspect ratio, sphericity and the like are established, so that only few particle samples are detected by the method, and the method is poor in representativeness.
In the third category: image analysis method
The image analysis method is to process the picture of the coarse aggregate particles by using software, calculate and obtain the projection area, the projection perimeter, the length and the width of the particles and other size information of the particles at the shooting angle, and then obtain the particle shape description indexes such as the particle circularity, the length-width ratio, the width-height ratio, the sphericity and the like by comparing with the ideal spherical particles.
In the image analysis method, the relatively independent particle outline is simply shot (shot by backlight), the shadow (particle) area in the picture is analyzed by software to wait for the relevant data of the particles, and the index for describing the particle shape can be obtained by calculation, so that the method has the defects that the number of the measured particles is very limited, the comprehensive three-dimensional size information of the particles is not easy to obtain, and the representativeness is not strong; the method can obtain a large amount of analysis data, has good representativeness, but is influenced by mutual overlapping of naturally accumulated particle images, and the particle images divided by the software have loss compared with real particle images, thereby influencing the accuracy of particle shape analysis results to a certain extent.
The image analysis method can obtain quantifiable technical indexes for describing the particle shapes by means of modern photography and image analysis means, but factors such as particle selection, particle placement angle during shooting, particle pile accumulation state and the like influence the finally obtained calculation result. And the method is difficult to be standardized and popularized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing method for evaluating the shape of coarse aggregate particles and provides a coarse aggregate particle shape detection device and a coarse aggregate particle shape evaluation method.
The invention aims to solve the problems and is realized by the following technical scheme:
a coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus comprising: equipment foundation, speed sensor, drive assembly, strutting arrangement, gyration barrel, audio sensor and central controller, strutting arrangement fixes on equipment foundation, the rotatory setting in gyration barrel both ends is on strutting arrangement, drive assembly fixes on equipment foundation and output shaft and gyration barrel one end are coaxial, speed sensor sets up on drive assembly, audio sensor sets up on basic equipment and sets up adjacent with the gyration barrel, central controller is connected with speed sensor, audio sensor and drive assembly electricity respectively.
Preferably, the drive assembly includes: the speed sensor is arranged on the speed reducing motor.
Preferably, the central controller includes: the driving instruction processing module is electrically connected with the speed reducing motor, the signal processing module is electrically connected with the speed sensor and the audio sensor, and the driving instruction processing module is electrically connected with the signal processing module.
Preferably, the material-carrying baffle plates parallel to the axes of the material-carrying baffle plates are uniformly arranged on the inner side wall of the rotary cylinder.
Preferably, the audio sensor is disposed at a height level with the axis of the drum.
A coarse aggregate grain shape detection and evaluation method comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, respectively acquiring a theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and a speed ratio of a speed reducer;
step S2, the central controller sends an instruction to the speed reducing motor to enable the speed reducing motor to operate at a set speed, and speed data of the speed reducing motor and audio data of the rotary cylinder are respectively obtained through the speed sensor and the audio sensor;
step S3, determining the flow ratio of the coarse aggregate sample according to the speed data of the speed reducing motor, the audio data of the rotary cylinder, the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and the speed reducing machine speed ratio;
and step S4, determining the quality of the coarse aggregate particle shape through the flow ratio of the coarse aggregate sample.
Preferably, the step S1 includes the following steps:
s101, obtaining the mass of a single coarse aggregate particle and the rotating radius of the innermost layer particle;
s102, obtaining a theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed according to the mass of the single coarse aggregate particles and the rotating radius of the innermost layer particles;
and S103, acquiring the speed ratio of the speed reducer.
Preferably, the step S3 includes the following steps:
step S301, judging whether the rotary cylinder (6) reaches a centrifugal motion state through the rotary cylinder audio data:
determining the flow ratio of a coarse aggregate sample according to the speed data of the speed reducing motor, the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and the speed reducing machine speed ratio;
no, step S2 is repeated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a coarse aggregate grain shape detection device and an evaluation method, which are used for quantitatively expressing the flow property of coarse aggregates by determining the ratio of the rotating speed of coarse aggregate particles in a rotary cylinder body in a centrifugal state to the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and defining the ratio as the flow ratio to indirectly reflect the coarse aggregate grain shape. The method for measuring the particle shape of the coarse aggregate has the three main characteristics of large sampling amount, strong representativeness of a detection sample, accurate reflection of the particle shape of a detection index and strong correlation between the detection index and the concrete performance, and is easy to operate, standardized in process, quantifiable in detection result and more suitable for popularization and application. For aggregate production enterprises, the method disclosed by the invention is used for evaluating the aggregate particle shape, so that the improvement of a production line is facilitated, the particle shape is improved, and the technical development of the aggregate processing industry is promoted; for ready-mixed concrete enterprises, the better the flowability of the coarse aggregate is, the better the slump and the expansion of the prepared concrete can be improved, the selection of high-quality aggregate and the optimization of the mixing proportion of the concrete are facilitated, the quality of the concrete is improved, and the cost is controlled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of coarse aggregate particle shape detection equipment according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotary cylinder of the coarse aggregate particle shape detection device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus of the present invention at A.
FIG. 4 is a first state view of a sample inside a spin basket according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a second state diagram of the sample inside the spin basket according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a third state diagram of the sample inside the spin basket according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a fourth state diagram of the sample inside the spin basket according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a coarse aggregate particle shape detection and evaluation method according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an electrical connection structure of a coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-equipment foundation, 2-speed sensor, 3-speed reducing motor, 4-speed reducer, 5-supporting device, 6-rotary cylinder, 7-charging hole door, 8-audio sensor and 9-material carrying baffle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-9:
the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus based on the prior art, comprising: the device comprises a device foundation 1, a speed sensor 2, a driving assembly, a supporting device 5, a rotary cylinder body 6, an audio sensor 8 and a central controller, wherein the supporting device 5 is placed on the device foundation 1, two ends of the rotary cylinder body 6 are rotatably installed on the supporting device 5 through bearings, the driving assembly is placed on the device foundation 1, an output shaft is coaxial with one end of the rotary cylinder body 6, the speed sensor 2 is installed on the driving assembly, the audio sensor 8 is placed on the basic device 1 and is adjacent to the rotary cylinder body 6, the height of the audio sensor 8 is 1/2 radius below an axis of the rotary cylinder body 6, the audio sensor is used for acquiring the collision sound of coarse aggregate particles in the rotary cylinder body 6 and the inner wall of the cylinder body, and whether the inside of the rotary cylinder body 6 is in a centrifugal motion state or not is judged.
First, a drive assembly is described, comprising: gear motor 3 and speed reducer 4, gear motor 3's output shaft links to each other with speed reducer 4, and speed reducer 4 passes through the coupling joint with 6 one end of gyration barrel and links to each other, and speed sensor 2 installs on gear motor 3. For feeding back the real-time rotation speed of the gear motor 3 to the central controller.
Next, the rotary drum 6 will be described, and as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the rotary drum 6 is a cylindrical container for filling the coarse aggregate sample to be measured, the rotary drum 6 is a cylindrical drum made of a steel plate with a thickness of 10mm, the inner diameter of the drum is 800mm, the effective length inside the drum is 400mm, the inner wall of the drum is welded with a strip baffle 9 along the axial direction, and the strip baffle 9 has a length of 400mm, a width of 5mm, and a height of 5 mm. The single material-carrying baffle plates 9 are welded on the inner wall of the cylinder body along the axial direction of the rotary cylinder body 6, and the number of the material-carrying baffle plates 9 is 4 in total, and the material-carrying baffle plates are uniformly distributed along the circumference. The rotary cylinder 6 is provided with a feed hole door 7. The axis direction of the rotary cylinder 6 is horizontally arranged and can rotate around the horizontal axis.
The central controller includes: as shown in fig. 9, the driving instruction processing module is electrically connected to the speed reducing motor 3, the signal processing module is electrically connected to the speed sensor 2 and the audio sensor 8, and the driving instruction processing module is electrically connected to the signal processing module.
The respective structures and the connection relations of the coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus are described above, and a coarse aggregate particle shape evaluation method will be described below, and the following preparation work is required before the coarse aggregate particle shape evaluation method is performed:
firstly, manufacturing a set of circular hole test sieves with the mesh diameters of 16mm and 10mm for later use;
then, sampling and sampling are performed. Uniformly sampling from a material pile, wherein the sample is obtained by air drying, screening by using a test sieve in the previous step to obtain a coarse aggregate particle sample with the diameter of 10-16 mm, the average particle size is measured and calculated according to 13mm, and 40kg of the sample is required when the sample is fully paved into two layers in a rotary cylinder;
finally, 40kg of the coarse aggregate sample was charged into the rotary drum 6, and the apparatus was started. The specific steps of the evaluation method will be described as follows:
step S1, respectively acquiring a theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and a speed ratio of a speed reducer, and specifically comprising the following steps:
s101, obtaining the mass of single coarse aggregate particles and the rotating radius of innermost particles
S102, obtaining a theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed according to the mass of the single coarse aggregate particles and the rotating radius of the innermost layer particles:
the inner diameter of the rotary cylinder 6 is 800mm, the average inner diameter after 40kg of coarse aggregate samples are filled is 748mm, and the centrifugal critical rotating speed is that when the coarse aggregate particles rotate synchronously along with the rotary cylinder, the gravity on the coarse aggregate particles at the highest point is just equal to the centrifugal force of the coarse aggregate particles at the speed, namely:
mg＝mω2r
in the formula:
m: mass (kg) of individual coarse aggregate particles;
g：9.8N/kg
ω: angular velocity of rotation (rad/s) of coarse aggregate particles
r: the radius of rotation of the innermost particle, in this example r 374 mm.
Calculating to obtain:
ω＝5.119rad/s(48.91r/min)
namely: when the flowability of the coarse aggregate particles is extremely poor and the coarse aggregate particles do not roll or slide with the rotary cylinder, the rotating speed of the rotary cylinder reaches 48.91r/min, the coarse aggregate particles just reach a centrifugal motion state, and the coarse aggregate particles synchronously rotate along with the rotary cylinder when moving to the highest point. The rotational speed is called the theoretical centrifugal critical rotational speed.
And S103, acquiring the speed ratio of the speed reducer.
Step S2, the central controller sends an instruction to the speed reducing motor 3 to control the initial speed of the rotary cylinder 6 to be 80% of the theoretical centrifugal critical speed, namely 39.13 r/min; then the system automatically accelerates uniformly at a speed of 20r/min increase per minute.
Speed data of the speed reducing motor and audio data of the rotary cylinder are respectively obtained through the speed sensor 2 and the audio sensor 8.
Step S3, determining the flow ratio of the coarse aggregate sample according to the speed data of the speed reducing motor, the audio data of the rotary cylinder, the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and the speed reducing machine speed ratio, and specifically comprising the following steps:
after the rotary cylinder body 6 operates, audio information of collision between the coarse aggregate in the rotary cylinder body 6 and the inner wall of the cylinder body is acquired by the audio sensor 8, the system analyzes and compares the audio information, whether coarse aggregate particles in the rotary cylinder body 6 reach a centrifugal motion state or not is judged, and the specific judgment process is as follows:
during the operation of the rotary cylinder 6 from rest, low speed to high speed, the movement of the sample particles inside the rotary cylinder will assume four different states including: the static state of the sample in the rotary cylinder 6 is shown in fig. 4, the sliding motion state of the sample when the rotary cylinder 6 runs at a low speed is shown in fig. 5, the dropping motion state of the sample when the rotary cylinder runs at a medium speed is shown in fig. 6, and the centrifugal motion state of the sample when the rotary cylinder runs at a high speed is shown in fig. 7, in the process, the sound change obtained by the audio sensor 8 is changed from weak to strong, then is quickly weakened by strong, and then is relatively stable. When the sound obtained by the sensor 8 changes from weak to strong, the centrifugal motion state is not reached, the control system continuously sends a command to the speed reducing motor 3 to drive the rotary cylinder 6 to gradually increase the rotating speed. When the sound obtained by the sensor 8 is at the end of the strong and fast weakening stage, the coarse aggregate particles in the rotary cylinder 6 are just in a centrifugal motion state, and the speed of the speed reducing motor 3 measured by the speed sensor 2 is divided by the speed ratio of the speed reducer 4 to obtain the running speed of the rotary cylinder 6 of 62.53 r/min. The flow ratio of the coarse aggregate sample is 1.27 by dividing the running speed 62.53r/min of the rotary cylinder 6 by the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed 48.91 r/min.
And step S4, determining the quality of the coarse aggregate particle shape through the flow ratio of the coarse aggregate sample. After the flow ratio is measured, the central controller issues a stop command to the reduction motor 3 to end the flow ratio detection of the coarse aggregate sample. The measured flow ratio of the coarse aggregate particles reflects the quality of the coarse aggregate particle shape, and the larger the flow ratio is, the better the fluidity is, and the better the coarse aggregate particle shape is.
It is to be understood that the above examples are merely illustrative for clearly explaining the evaluation method of the coarse aggregate particle shape and are not intended to limit the embodiments. For a 5mm to 20mm continuous gradation of coarse aggregate for commercial concrete, the sample is screened into three particle size ranges and evaluated separately using the apparatus and method of the present invention. The particle sizes of the measured coarse aggregate particles are different, the heights of the material carrying baffle plates 9 in the rotary cylinder 6 in the coarse aggregate particle shape detection equipment are also different, the required sample amounts are also different, and the detailed table 1 shows that:
table 1: particle size and weight of sample to be measured
| Examples | Particle diameter Range (mm) | Weight (kg) | Height of baffle with material (mm) |
| A | 5～10mm | 34 | 3 |
| II | 10～16mm | 40 | 5 |
| III | 16～20mm | 55 | 8 |
Similarly, the coarse aggregate particle shape detection device and the coarse aggregate particle shape evaluation method are also suitable for coarse aggregate particles with the diameter larger than 20mm, and only the coarse aggregate particle shape detection device and the sample loading capacity need to be simply adjusted, so that all the implementation modes do not need to be exhausted or cannot be exhausted. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus, characterized by comprising: equipment basis (1), speed sensor (2), drive assembly, strutting arrangement (5), gyration barrel (6), audio sensor (8) and central controller, strutting arrangement (5) are fixed on equipment basis (1), the rotatory setting in strutting arrangement (5) in gyration barrel (6) both ends, drive assembly fixes on equipment basis (1) and output shaft and gyration barrel (6) one end is coaxial, speed sensor (2) set up on drive assembly, audio sensor (8) set up on basic equipment (1) and adjacent with gyration barrel (6), central controller is connected with speed sensor (2), audio sensor (8) and drive assembly electricity respectively.
2. The coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive assembly comprises: gear motor (3) and speed reducer (4), the output shaft of gear motor (3) links to each other with speed reducer (4), speed reducer (4) link to each other with gyration barrel (6) one end, speed sensor (2) set up on gear motor (3).
3. The coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the central controller includes: drive instruction processing module and signal processing module, gear motor (3) is connected to drive instruction processing module electricity, speed sensor (2) and audio sensor (8) are connected to the signal processing module electricity, drive instruction processing module with the signal processing module electricity is connected.
4. The coarse aggregate particle shape detection equipment according to claim 3, wherein the belt material baffle plates (9) parallel to the axis of the rotary cylinder body (6) are uniformly arranged on the inner side wall of the rotary cylinder body.
5. The coarse aggregate particle shape detection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the audio sensor (8) is disposed at a height level with the axis of the rotary cylinder (6).
6. The method for evaluating the particle shape of the coarse aggregate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step S1, respectively acquiring a theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and a speed ratio of a speed reducer;
step S2, the central controller sends an instruction to the speed reducing motor (3) to enable the speed reducing motor to operate according to a set speed, the motor speed data is input to the speed reducing motor (3), and the speed reducing motor speed data and the audio data of the rotary cylinder are respectively obtained through the speed sensor (2) and the audio sensor (8);
step S3, determining the flow ratio of the coarse aggregate sample according to the speed data of the speed reducing motor, the audio data of the rotary cylinder, the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and the speed reducing machine speed ratio;
and step S4, determining the quality of the coarse aggregate particle shape through the flow ratio of the coarse aggregate sample.
7. The coarse aggregate particle shape detection and evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the step S1 is specifically as follows:
s101, obtaining the mass of a single coarse aggregate particle and the rotating radius of the innermost layer particle;
s102, obtaining a theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed according to the mass of the single coarse aggregate particles and the rotating radius of the innermost layer particles;
and S103, acquiring the speed ratio of the speed reducer.
8. The coarse aggregate particle shape detection and evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the step S3 is specifically as follows:
step S301, judging whether the rotary cylinder (6) reaches a centrifugal motion state through the rotary cylinder audio data:
determining the flow ratio of a coarse aggregate sample according to the speed data of the speed reducing motor, the theoretical centrifugal critical rotating speed and the speed reducing machine speed ratio;
no, step S2 is repeated.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113538172A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 中建西部建设贵州有限公司 | Method and device for intelligently acquiring content of concrete acicular stone |
| CN113588498A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州中建建筑科研设计院有限公司 | Test device and method for determining content of irregular particles in aggregate for concrete |
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