CN112284344A - Inclination tester and method based on spherical cavity mercury reflection - Google Patents

Inclination tester and method based on spherical cavity mercury reflection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112284344A
CN112284344A CN202011020142.6A CN202011020142A CN112284344A CN 112284344 A CN112284344 A CN 112284344A CN 202011020142 A CN202011020142 A CN 202011020142A CN 112284344 A CN112284344 A CN 112284344A
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light
spherical surface
inclination
mercury
receivers
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CN112284344B (en
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顾斌
吴明康
聂子健
蔡纪源
王顺华
李璟
殷家腾
高燕
孙冬
张照锋
吴珊珊
汤滟
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Nanjing College of Information Technology
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Nanjing College of Information Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
    • G01C9/10—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using rolling bodies, e.g. spheres, cylinders, mercury droplets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B13/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids
    • G01B13/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of fluids for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C1/00—Measuring angles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
    • G01C9/10—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using rolling bodies, e.g. spheres, cylinders, mercury droplets
    • G01C2009/105—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using rolling bodies, e.g. spheres, cylinders, mercury droplets mercury droplets

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of angle detection, in particular to an inclination tester and a test method based on mercury reflection of a spherical cavity, wherein the tester comprises a signal acquisition module, a signal conditioning module and a control module; the signal acquisition module comprises a shell and a test ball arranged in the shell, the test ball comprises an inner spherical surface, an outer spherical surface, a first fixing shaft and a second fixing shaft, the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface are concentrically arranged, the outer wall of the inner spherical surface is provided with light receivers, and each light receiver comprises a light-emitting diode and a light-sensitive tube for collecting light; the outer wall of the inner spherical surface and the inner wall of the outer spherical surface are both coated with black light absorption materials; a gap cavity is formed between the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface, mercury is injected into the lower part in the gap cavity, and the circle surface boundary of the mercury surface pointing to the sphere center is parallel to the circumscribed circle of the area where the light receiver is located and has the same size; the signal conditioning module is used for conditioning the electric signal converted from the optical signal collected by the photosensitive tube; the control module is used for the tilt angle calculation. The invention realizes the calculation and detection of the inclination angle.

Description

Inclination tester and method based on spherical cavity mercury reflection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of angle detection, in particular to an inclination tester and a test method based on mercury reflection of a spherical cavity.
Background
Angle or inclination measurement is often required in industrial and agricultural production and service, scientific research and daily life, for example in the fields of equipment installation, machining, building construction and transportation. However, the current angle measuring instrument generally has the defects of low precision or low cost performance, and the invention aims to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inclination tester and an inclination testing method based on mercury reflection of a spherical cavity, which are used for realizing inclination detection and have high detection precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the inclination tester based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity comprises a signal acquisition module, a signal conditioning module and a control module;
the signal acquisition module comprises a square shell and a test ball arranged in the shell, wherein the test ball comprises an inner spherical surface, an outer spherical surface, a first fixing shaft and a second fixing shaft; the outer wall of the inner spherical surface is provided with light receivers, M semicircular arrays of the light receivers are formed on the discrete longitude lines, N light receivers are distributed in each semicircular array of the light receivers along the longitude lines, the straight lines where the light receivers at the upper end and the lower end of the semicircular array of the light receivers are located are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell, and each light receiver comprises a light emitting diode and a light-sensitive tube for collecting light; the outer wall of the inner spherical surface and the inner wall of the outer spherical surface are both coated with black light absorption materials; a gap cavity is formed between the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface, mercury is injected into the lower part in the gap cavity, and the circle surface boundary of the mercury surface pointing to the sphere center is parallel to the circumscribed circle of the area where the light receiver is located and has the same size;
the signal conditioning module is used for conditioning the electric signal converted from the optical signal collected by the photosensitive tube;
and the control module is used for controlling the light emitting of the light emitting diode and man-machine interaction and calculating the inclination angle according to the illumination information carried by the conditioned electric signal.
According to the scheme, the light receiver comprises a light emitting diode T and four photosensitive tubes R1、R2、R3、R4LED T centered, photosensitive tube R1、R2、R3And R4Are uniformly distributed around the base plate and are arranged in a cross shape.
According to the scheme, the signal conditioning module comprises an adder, a signal conditioner and an analog-to-digital converter which are electrically connected in sequence, wherein the input end of the adder is connected with the output ends of the four photosensitive tubes, and the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the input end of the control module; the four paths of output voltages output by the photosensitive tube are input to the adder, the output voltage of the adder is input to the signal conditioner for amplification and filtering processing, and the output voltage of the signal conditioner is input to the analog-to-digital converter for analog-to-digital conversion and then output to the control module.
According to the scheme, the control module comprises a microprocessor, a display, a loudspeaker and a keyboard, the microprocessor is electrically connected with the analog-to-digital converter to obtain illumination information and then perform inclination angle calculation, and the display, the loudspeaker and the keyboard are electrically connected with the microprocessor for human-computer interaction; the microprocessor is also electrically connected with the light emitting diode to control the light emitting diode to emit light.
According to the scheme, the surfaces of the outer wall of the inner spherical surface and the inner wall of the outer spherical surface are both processed into fine grains.
The inclination testing method based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity adopts the inclination tester based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity, and is characterized in that the testing method comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing an XYZ coordinate system of the test ball, wherein light receivers in the middle positions of the semicircular arrays of all the light receivers and a sphere center O form an XOY plane, a straight line from the sphere center O to the light receivers in a given direction is set as an X axis, and the serial number m of the semicircular arrays of the light receivers on the X axis is 0; in an XOY plane, a Y axis is vertical to an X axis, a straight line from the sphere center O to the intersection point of the semicircular array of the light receiver is set as a Z axis, and the Z axis points to the bottom surface of the shell and is vertical to the XOY plane; placing the bottom surface of the shell on a measured plane;
each optical receiver can be represented as TR (m, n), where m represents the serial number of the semicircular array of optical receivers, and n represents the serial number of the optical receivers in the semicircular array of optical receivers; assigning the set V as an empty set, wherein the set V is used for storing the maximum voltage value output by the analog-to-digital converter read by the microprocessor;
step 2: u is a matrix, U (m, n) represents the nth row element of the mth row of the matrix U, parameters m and n are circularly increased in an increasing mode, under each (m, n) value, a light emitting diode of a light receiver TR (m, n) is started to emit light, and ADC output voltage from the light receiver TR (m, n) is stored in U (m, n); judgment of U (m, n) and UthdIf U (m, n)>uthdWherein u isthdRepresenting a preset voltage threshold, then V ← V ≦ U (m, n), representing that U (m, n) is stored in a set V;
the M and the N are circularly and gradually increased until the M is equal to M and the N is equal to N, all the light receivers are scanned, wherein M is the number of the semicircular arrays of the light receivers on the outer wall of the inner spherical surface, N is the number of the light receivers in each semicircular array of the light receivers, and both M and N are set to be even numbers;
and step 3: assigning a maximum value in the set V
Figure BDA0002700361270000021
Namely to execute
Figure BDA0002700361270000022
And 4, step 4: neutralizing U with
Figure BDA0002700361270000023
The equivalent elements are selected without loss of generality, assuming
Figure BDA0002700361270000024
Then m and n are respectively assigned
Figure BDA0002700361270000025
And
Figure BDA0002700361270000026
and 5: calculating the tilt angle, the tilt angle being represented by an angle vector (θ, φ), wherein φ represents the center of the sphere to
Figure BDA0002700361270000027
Is included with the Z axis, theta represents the center of sphere to
Figure BDA0002700361270000028
Is projected in the XOY plane at an angle to the X-axis, wherein,
Figure BDA0002700361270000029
the calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA00027003612700000210
the formula for θ is:
Figure BDA00027003612700000211
according to the scheme, the step 2 comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1: giving an initial value of 0 to the parameter m;
step 2.2: giving an initial value of 0 to the parameter n;
step 2.3: judgment of U (m, n) and UthdWherein u isthdIndicating a predetermined voltage threshold if U (m, n)>uthdThen step 2.4 is executed;
step 2.4: storing U (m, n) in a set V;
step 2.5: adding 1 to the parameter n;
step 2.6: judging whether the current N is larger than N, if not, executing the step 2.3; if yes, executing step 2.7;
step 2.7: adding 1 to the parameter m;
step 2.8: judging whether the current M is larger than M, if not, executing the step 2.2; if yes, all the optical receivers finish scanning, and step 3 is executed.
According to the scheme, in the step 1, before the bottom surface of the shell is placed on a tested plane for testing, the method further comprises the following calibration steps:
the shell is placed horizontally as much as possible, and an XOY plane is adjusted by an additional level gauge until reaching the level, namely, the normal of the XOY plane is ensured to pass through the geocentric; rotating the shell around the Z axis, and adjusting the X axis direction to a certain direction by adopting an additional positioner, such as the true north direction; judging the inclination angle
Figure BDA0002700361270000031
Whether or not to satisfy
Figure BDA0002700361270000032
If not, setting the value to be zero:
Figure BDA0002700361270000033
completion markAnd (6) performing inclination test on the plane to be tested.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention adopts two concentric spherical surfaces of an inner spherical surface and an outer spherical surface, the light receiver is distributed on the outer wall of the inner spherical surface, a small amount of mercury is injected into a gap cavity of the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface, and the signal acquisition is carried out by utilizing the light reflectivity and the liquid fluidity at normal temperature of the mercury.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an overall system of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the optical transceiver in this embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a tilt angle test algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a tilt angle test algorithm in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a housing; 2. testing the ball; 201. an inner spherical surface; 202. an outer spherical surface; 203. a first fixed shaft; 204. a second fixed shaft; 205. a light receiver.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the invention is an inclination tester based on mercury reflection of a spherical cavity, including a signal acquisition module, a signal conditioning module and a control module.
The signal acquisition module comprises a square shell 1 and a test ball 2 arranged in the shell 1, wherein the test ball 2 comprises an inner spherical surface 201, an outer spherical surface 202, a first fixed shaft 203 and a second fixed shaft 204, the inner spherical surface 201 and the outer spherical surface 202 are concentrically arranged, the inner spherical surface 201 and the outer spherical surface 202 are fixed through the first fixed shaft 203 and the second fixed shaft 204 which are slender and mutually perpendicular, and the common spherical center of the inner spherical surface 201 and the outer spherical surface 202 is superposed with the intersection point of the first fixed shaft 203 and the second fixed shaft 204; the relative positions and the faces of the inner spherical surface 201, the outer spherical surface 202, the first fixed shaft 203 and the second fixed shaft 204 are strictly fixed and do not change along with the change of the overall posture of the system.
The outer wall of the inner spherical surface 201 is provided with light receivers 205, M semicircular arrays of the light receivers are formed on discrete meridians, N light receivers 205 are distributed in each semicircular array of the light receivers along the meridians, the straight lines of the light receivers 205 at the upper end and the lower end of the semicircular arrays of the light receivers are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell 1, referring to fig. 4, each light receiver 205 comprises a light emitting diode T and four light-sensitive tubes R for collecting light1、R2、R3、R4LED T centered, photosensitive tube R1、R2、R3And R4Uniformly distributed around the base plate and arranged in a cross shape; an inner spherical cavity is formed inside the inner spherical surface 201, and a signal conditioning module and a control module are placed in the inner spherical cavity;
the outer wall of the inner spherical surface 201 and the inner wall of the outer spherical surface 202 are both coated with black light absorption materials, and the surfaces are processed in a fine grain shape so as to reduce the reflection of light rays to the maximum extent; a clearance cavity is formed between the inner spherical surface 201 and the outer spherical surface 202, a small amount of mercury is injected into the lower part in the clearance cavity, and the circle surface boundary of the mercury surface pointing to the sphere center is parallel to the circumscribed circle of the area where the light receiver 205 is located and has the same size.
The signal conditioning module is located in an inner cavity surrounded by the inner spherical surface 201, and has the main functions of collecting illumination information at the position of each light receiver 205 through four light sensitive tubes, and after signal processing, the signal conditioning module is used for a microprocessor to read the illumination information collected by the light sensitive tubes for signal conditioning; the signal conditioning module comprises an adder, a signal conditioner and an analog-to-digital converter which are sequentially and electrically connected, wherein the input end of the adder is connected with the four photosensitive tubes R1、R2、R3And R4The analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the input end of the control module; the four output voltages output by the photosensitive tube are input to an adder, and the output voltage of the adder is input to a signal conditioner for amplification to a proper level and filteringAnd the output voltage of the signal conditioner is input to the analog-to-digital converter for analog-to-digital conversion and then output to the control module for the microprocessor to read.
The control module is used for controlling the light emitting of the light emitting diode and man-machine interaction and calculating the inclination angle according to the illumination information carried by the conditioned electric signal; the control module comprises a microprocessor, a display, a loudspeaker and a keyboard, the microprocessor is electrically connected with the analog-to-digital converter to obtain illumination information and then perform inclination angle calculation, and the display, the loudspeaker and the keyboard are electrically connected with the microprocessor for human-computer interaction; the microprocessor is also electrically connected with the light emitting diode to control the light emitting diode to emit light.
The test method for the microprocessor to calculate the inclination angle comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing an XYZ coordinate system of the test ball 2, wherein light receivers 205 in the middle positions of the semicircular arrays of all the light receivers and a sphere center O form an XOY plane, a straight line from the sphere center O to the light receivers 205 in a given direction is set as an X axis, and the serial number m of the semicircular arrays of the light receivers on the X axis is 0; in the XOY plane, the Y axis is vertical to the X axis, the straight line from the sphere center O to the intersection point of the semicircular array of the light receiver is set as the Z axis, and the Z axis points to the bottom surface of the shell 1 and is vertical to the XOY plane; placing the bottom surface of the shell 1 on a measured plane;
each optical receiver 205 may be denoted as TR (m, n), where m denotes the serial number of the semicircular array of optical receivers, and n denotes the serial number of the optical receiver 205 in the semicircular array of optical receivers; assigning the set V as an empty set, wherein the set V is used for storing the maximum voltage value output by the analog-to-digital converter read by the microprocessor;
step 2: u is a matrix, U (m, n) represents the nth row element of the mth row of the matrix U, parameters m and n are circularly increased, a light emitting diode of the light receiver 205TR (m, n) is started to emit light under each (m, n) value, and ADC output voltage from the light receiver 205TR (m, n) is stored in U (m, n); judgment of U (m, n) and UthdIf U (m, n)>uthdWherein u isthdRepresenting a preset voltage threshold, then V ← V ≦ U (m, n), representing that U (m, n) is stored in a set V; the scanning of all the light receivers 205 is completed when M and N are circularly increased until M is M and N is N, where M is the outer wall of the inner spherical surface 201The number of upper semi-circular arrays of light-emitters, N being the number of light-emitters 205 in each semi-circular array of light-emitters, M and N both being set to an even number; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: giving an initial value of 0 to the parameter m;
step 2.2: giving an initial value of 0 to the parameter n;
step 2.3: judgment of U (m, n) and UthdWherein u isthdIndicating a predetermined voltage threshold if U (m, n)>uthdThen step 2.4 is executed;
step 2.4: storing U (m, n) in a set V;
step 2.5: adding 1 to the parameter n;
step 2.6: judging whether the current N is larger than N, if not, executing the step 2.3; if yes, executing step 2.7;
step 2.7: adding 1 to the parameter m;
step 2.8: judging whether the current M is larger than M, if not, executing the step 2.2; if yes, then all the optical receivers 205 are scanned completely, and step 3 is executed;
and step 3: assigning a maximum value in the set V
Figure BDA0002700361270000051
Namely to execute
Figure BDA0002700361270000052
And 4, step 4: neutralizing U with
Figure BDA0002700361270000053
The equivalent elements are selected without loss of generality, assuming
Figure BDA0002700361270000054
Then m and n are respectively assigned
Figure BDA0002700361270000055
And
Figure BDA0002700361270000056
and 5: calculating the inclination angleThe tilt angle is represented by an angle vector (θ, φ), where φ represents the center of the sphere to
Figure BDA0002700361270000057
Is included with the Z axis, theta represents the center of sphere to
Figure BDA0002700361270000058
Is projected in the XOY plane at an angle to the X-axis, wherein,
Figure BDA0002700361270000061
the calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002700361270000062
the formula for θ is:
Figure BDA0002700361270000063
as shown in FIG. 5, from O to
Figure BDA0002700361270000064
Must be directed towards the centre of the earth, theta being defined as on the XOY plane (the serial numbers N of the TRs on this plane are all equal to N/2)
Figure BDA0002700361270000065
The included angle between the X axis and the positive direction of the X axis is 2 pi radian;
Figure BDA0002700361270000066
is defined as
Figure BDA0002700361270000067
The positive Z-axis angle is pi radians, where it is assumed that the XOY plane remains in close proximity to the plane being measured even if the negative Z-axis direction points toward the center of the earth.
In another embodiment, in step 1, before the bottom surface of the housing 1 is placed on a plane to be tested and tested, the following calibration steps are further included:
the shell 1 is placed horizontally as much as possible, an additional level meter is adopted to adjust the XOY plane until reaching the level, namely the normal of the XOY plane is ensured to pass through the geocentric, and the geocentric direction is opposite to the normal of the centripetal mercury surface; rotating the shell 1 around the Z axis, and adjusting the direction of the X axis to a certain direction, such as the due north direction, by adopting additional locators such as a compass, a GPS (global positioning system), a Beidou and the like; pressing a 'calibration' key on a keyboard or a touch screen menu, checking the result reported by the tester, and judging the inclination angle
Figure BDA0002700361270000068
Whether or not to satisfy
Figure BDA0002700361270000069
If not, the singlechip sets the current value to be zero:
Figure BDA00027003612700000610
and finishing calibration, then placing the cube outer box on the plane to be tested, pressing a 'measuring' key on a keyboard or a touch screen menu, and testing the inclination of the plane to be tested.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or implemented using the prior art.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention that is presented in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be considered limited to those descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. Inclination tester based on spherical cavity mercury reflection, its characterized in that: the device comprises a signal acquisition module, a signal conditioning module and a control module;
the signal acquisition module comprises a square shell (1) and a test ball (2) arranged in the shell (1), wherein the test ball (2) comprises an inner spherical surface (201), an outer spherical surface (202), a first fixed shaft (203) and a second fixed shaft (204), the inner spherical surface (201) and the outer spherical surface (202) are concentrically arranged, the inner spherical surface (201) and the outer spherical surface (202) are fixed through the first fixed shaft (203) and the second fixed shaft (204) which are perpendicular to each other, and the common spherical center of the inner spherical surface (201) and the outer spherical surface (202) is superposed with the intersection point of the first fixed shaft (203) and the second fixed shaft (204);
the outer wall of the inner spherical surface (201) is provided with light receivers (205), M semicircular arrays of the light receivers are formed on discrete warps, N light receivers (205) are distributed in each semicircular array of the light receivers along the warps, the straight lines of the light receivers (205) at the upper end and the lower end of the semicircular array of the light receivers are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the shell (1), and each light receiver (205) comprises a light emitting diode and a light-sensitive tube for collecting light; the outer wall of the inner spherical surface (201) and the inner wall of the outer spherical surface (202) are coated with black light absorption materials; a clearance cavity is formed between the inner spherical surface (201) and the outer spherical surface (202), mercury is injected into the lower part in the clearance cavity, and the circle surface boundary of the mercury surface pointing to the sphere center is parallel to the circumscribed circle of the area where the light receiver (205) is located and has the same size;
the signal conditioning module is used for conditioning the electric signal converted from the optical signal collected by the photosensitive tube;
and the control module is used for controlling the light emitting of the light emitting diode and man-machine interaction and calculating the inclination angle according to the illumination information carried by the conditioned electric signal.
2. The inclination tester based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light receiver (205) comprises a light emitting diode T and four light-sensitive tubes R1、R2、R3、R4LED T centered, photosensitive tube R1、R2、R3And R4Are uniformly distributed around the base plate and are arranged in a cross shape.
3. The inclination tester based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity according to claim 2, characterized in that: the signal conditioning module comprises an adder, a signal conditioner and an analog-to-digital converter which are electrically connected in sequence, wherein the input end of the adder is connected with the output ends of the four photosensitive tubes, and the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the input end of the control module; the four paths of output voltages output by the photosensitive tube are input to the adder, the output voltage of the adder is input to the signal conditioner for amplification and filtering processing, and the output voltage of the signal conditioner is input to the analog-to-digital converter for analog-to-digital conversion and then output to the control module.
4. The inclination tester based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity according to claim 3, characterized in that: the control module comprises a microprocessor, a display, a loudspeaker and a keyboard, the microprocessor is electrically connected with the analog-to-digital converter to obtain illumination information and then perform inclination angle calculation, and the display, the loudspeaker and the keyboard are electrically connected with the microprocessor for human-computer interaction; the microprocessor is also electrically connected with the light emitting diode to control the light emitting diode to emit light.
5. The inclination tester based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer wall of the inner spherical surface (201) and the inner wall surface of the outer spherical surface (202) are both processed into fine grains.
6. The inclination testing method based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the inclination tester based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity is adopted, and the test method comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing an XYZ coordinate system of the test ball (2), wherein light receivers (205) in the middle positions of the semicircular arrays of all the light receivers and a sphere center O form an XOY plane, a straight line from the sphere center O to the light receivers (205) in a given direction is set as an X axis, and the serial number m of the semicircular arrays of the light receivers on the X axis is 0; in an XOY plane, a Y axis is vertical to an X axis, a straight line from the sphere center O to the intersection point of the semicircular array of the light receiver is set as a Z axis, and the Z axis points to the bottom surface of the shell (1) and is vertical to the XOY plane; placing the bottom surface of the shell (1) on a plane to be measured;
each optical receiver (205) can be represented as TR (m, n), where m represents the serial number of the semicircular array of optical receivers, and n represents the serial number of the optical receiver (205) in the semicircular array of optical receivers; assigning the set V as an empty set, wherein the set V is used for storing the maximum voltage value output by the analog-to-digital converter read by the microprocessor;
step 2: u is a matrix, U (m, n) represents the nth row element of the mth row of the matrix U, parameters m and n are circularly increased, under each (m, n) value, a light emitting diode of a light receiver (205) TR (m, n) is started to emit light, and ADC output voltage from the light receiver (205) TR (m, n) is stored in U (m, n); judgment of U (m, n) and UthdIf U (m, n)>uthdWherein u isthdRepresenting a preset voltage threshold, then V ← V ≦ U (m, n), representing that U (m, n) is stored in a set V;
when M and N are increased in a circulating mode until M is M and N is N, scanning all the light receivers (205) is finished, wherein M is the number of the light receiver semicircular arrays on the outer wall of the inner spherical surface (201), N is the number of the light receivers (205) in each light receiver semicircular array, and M and N are both set to be even numbers;
and step 3: assigning a maximum value in the set V
Figure FDA0002700361260000028
Namely to execute
Figure FDA0002700361260000026
And 4, step 4: neutralizing U with
Figure FDA0002700361260000029
The equivalent elements are selected without loss of generality, assuming
Figure FDA0002700361260000027
Then m and n are respectively assigned
Figure FDA00027003612600000211
And
Figure FDA00027003612600000210
and 5: calculating the tilt angle, the tilt angle being represented by an angle vector (θ, φ), wherein φ represents the center of the sphere to
Figure FDA0002700361260000021
Is included with the Z axis, theta represents the center of sphere to
Figure FDA0002700361260000022
Is projected in the XOY plane at an angle to the X-axis, wherein,
Figure FDA0002700361260000023
the calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002700361260000024
the formula for θ is:
Figure FDA0002700361260000025
7. the inclination testing method based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity according to claim 6, characterized in that: the step 2 comprises the following specific steps:
step 2.1: giving an initial value of 0 to the parameter m;
step 2.2: giving an initial value of 0 to the parameter n;
step 2.3: judgment of U (m, n) and UthdWherein u isthdIndicating a predetermined voltage threshold if U (m, n)>uthdThen step 2.4 is executed;
step 2.4: storing U (m, n) in a set V;
step 2.5: adding 1 to the parameter n;
step 2.6: judging whether the current N is larger than N, if not, executing the step 2.3; if yes, executing step 2.7;
step 2.7: adding 1 to the parameter m;
step 2.8: judging whether the current M is larger than M, if not, executing the step 2.2; if yes, all the optical receivers (205) are scanned, and step 3 is executed.
8. The inclination testing method based on the mercury reflection of the spherical cavity according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step 1, the bottom surface of the shell (1) is placed on a tested plane, and the method further comprises the following calibration steps before testing:
horizontally placing the shell (1), and adjusting the XOY plane by adopting an additional level gauge until reaching the level, namely ensuring that the normal of the XOY plane passes through the geocentric; rotating the shell (1) around the Z axis, and adjusting the X axis direction to a certain direction by adopting an additional positioner, such as the true north direction; judging the inclination angle
Figure FDA0002700361260000031
Whether or not to satisfy
Figure FDA0002700361260000032
If not, setting the value to be zero:
Figure FDA0002700361260000033
and finishing calibration and carrying out inclination test on the plane to be tested.
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