CN112283014A

CN112283014A - Small hydroelectric generator

Info

Publication number: CN112283014A
Application number: CN202010983705.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李璇; 吴翔; 黄宇豪; 张宇浩; 刘明洋
Original assignee: Zhejiang Qiantang River Water Conservancy Construction Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Qiantang River Water Conservancy Construction Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-17
Filing date: 2020-09-17
Publication date: 2021-01-29

Abstract

The application relates to a small hydroelectric generator, which comprises bases arranged at two banks of a river channel, a machine body supporting plate, a waterwheel, a generator single machine, a rotating speed lifting device, an electric energy collecting device and a pushing device, wherein one side edge of the machine body supporting plate along the water flow direction is rotatably connected with the top surface of the base; the pushing device is electrically connected with the electric energy collecting device. This application belongs to hydroelectric generator's field, and it has the kinetic energy that can more abundant utilization aquatic, with the advantage of more kinetic energy final transformation electric energy and improvement hydraulic resources's utilization ratio.

Description

Small hydroelectric generator

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of hydroelectric generators, in particular to a small hydroelectric generator.

Background

At present, the small hydropower resources in China are quite rich, the active and effective effects are achieved for solving the problem that the large power grids in vast rural areas, remote mountain areas and the like are difficult to spread to the electricity utilization in the areas, a part of coal-fired power sources can be replaced, and the environment is protected. And the electricity generation principle of miniature hydroelectric generator makes the rivers that utilize in the river course drive turbine or waterwheel blade and rotate, and waterwheel blade drives the generator operation electricity generation to accomplish the kinetic energy conversion in aqueous and become mechanical energy and finally turn into the electric energy. However, the water level in the river course becomes low in dry seasons, the water level in the river course becomes high in rainy seasons, and naturally, water level changes caused by rising tide and falling tide exist, and a general hydroelectric generator cannot adapt to the changes of the water level, so that the kinetic energy in water cannot be fully utilized.

Therefore, there is a need for a small hydroelectric generator that solves the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to more fully utilize the kinetic energy in water, finally convert more kinetic energy into electric energy and improve the utilization rate of hydraulic resources, the application provides a small hydroelectric generator.

The application provides a small-size hydroelectric generator adopts following technical scheme:

a small hydroelectric generator comprises bases arranged on two banks of a river channel, a machine body supporting plate, a waterwheel, a generator unit, a rotating speed lifting device, an electric energy collecting device and a pushing device, wherein one side edge of the machine body supporting plate in the water flow direction is rotatably connected with the top surface of the base;

the pushing device is electrically connected with the electric energy collecting device.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the waterwheel can rotate under the drive of rivers in the river course, and then drives rotational speed hoisting device and rotate, and rotational speed hoisting device enables the power input shaft of generator motor and takes place to rotate and improve the rotational speed for the power generation power increase of generator unit, and then improve the utilization ratio of water conservancy resource. In addition, thrust unit can make the organism backup pad rotate around its side according to the height of water level in the river course to make the focus of whole waterwheel reduce or rise, so that the effective area of contact of waterwheel and rivers keeps unchangeable or only less change, thereby avoid making the utilization ratio of water conservancy resource reduce because of the change of water level in the river course. The electric energy collection device can store redundant electric energy for standby, and electric energy waste is avoided.

Preferably, a wind shield is arranged on the machine body supporting plate along the direction vertical to the water flow, and the upper half part of the waterwheel is surrounded by the wind shield.

By adopting the technical scheme, the windshield can block part of wind force from directly acting on the upper half part of the waterwheel, so that the reaction force of the waterwheel when the waterwheel is windy is reduced, the mechanical energy converted from kinetic energy in water is reduced by being offset by wind energy, and the utilization rate of hydraulic resources is further improved.

Preferably, the waterwheel comprises a rotating shaft with two ends mounted on the body supporting plate through bearings and blades axially arranged on the rotating shaft.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the partly underwater in the river course that immerses of blade drives the pivot and takes place to rotate together under the thrust effect that rivers produced, and then turns into the kinetic energy of aquatic mechanical energy.

Preferably, the blade is an arc-shaped plate, and an included angle formed by the arc-shaped plate and a horizontal plane when the arc-shaped plate rotates to a horizontal position is an acute angle;

the bending direction of the blade is the same as the water flow direction when the blade is located at the lowest position of the motion track of the blade, and the bending direction of the blade is opposite to the water flow direction when the blade is located at the highest position of the motion track of the blade.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the blade is the arc for the effective area increase of blade and rivers, and when the arc made blade and rivers contact, its crooked direction was the same with the rivers direction, can reduce the resistance that the blade received in aqueous, avoids increasing the loss of mechanical energy. In addition, the blades are not parallel to the central line of the rotating shaft along the arrangement direction of the rotating shaft, but form an acute angle with the horizontal plane when rotating to the horizontal position, and due to the arrangement, when the water flow fall is large, part of water can fall into the space between two adjacent blades and still can be mechanically driven to rotate under the action of the gravity of the part of water, so that the efficiency of pushing the waterwheel by the water flow is greatly improved.

Preferably, the machine body supporting plate is provided with a rain cover for shielding the rotating speed lifting device from rain.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, rain-proof cover can reduce rainwater and air and with the corrosion of rotational speed hoisting device, prevents to let its rotation resistance increase because of the corrosion of rotational speed hoisting device, and then makes the mechanical energy loss increase, avoids consequently reducing the utilization ratio of hydraulic resources.

Preferably, the rotating speed lifting device comprises driving wheels arranged at two ends of the waterwheel, a chain with a part wound on the driving wheels and a driven wheel arranged on a power input shaft of the single generator;

a portion of the chain is wound around the driven pulley.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the action wheel can rotate along with the waterwheel, and then drives the chain and follow the rotation of driving wheel, follows the driving wheel and then orders about generator unit operation, makes the generator electricity generation.

Preferably, the driven wheel is a multi-stage speed regulating flywheel.

By adopting the technical scheme, the arrangement of the multistage speed regulation flywheel enables the rotating speed lifted by the rotating speed lifting device to be adjustable, and only the chain needs to be wound on the chain wheels with different diameters on the multistage speed regulation flywheel.

Preferably, the electric energy collection device comprises a rectifier electrically connected with the single generator and a storage battery electrically connected with the rectifier;

and the voltage output end of the storage battery is connected with the pushing device.

By adopting the technical scheme, the rectifier can convert alternating current generated by a single generator into direct current and store the direct current by the storage battery. The electric energy stored in the storage battery is used as a standby electric energy and also can supply power for the pushing device, so that the waste of the electric energy is reduced.

Preferably, the output end interfaces on the two single generators are connected with the same rectifier to form a full-wave voltage-doubling rectifying circuit.

By adopting the technical scheme, the diode for full-wave rectification is matched with the capacitor to obtain the output voltage which is several times higher, so that the input voltage of the storage battery is increased, and more stable charging current is obtained. The problem that the charging of the storage battery is slowed down or damaged due to the fact that the charging voltage of the storage battery is too low, and then electric energy waste is caused is avoided.

Preferably, the pushing device comprises an electric push rod arranged on the base, a control switch connected with the electric push rod and used for controlling the electric push rod to stretch, a controller with a control signal output end connected with the control switch, and a water level sensor with one end arranged on the machine body supporting plate and connected with a signal input end of the controller.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, level sensor can in time change the water level in the river course into corresponding numerical value to transmit numerical value to the controller, and then make thrust unit rotate, adjust organism backup pad and waterwheel centrobaric position in real time, and then increase the area of contact of waterwheel blade and rivers, make the utilization ratio of water conservancy resource improved.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the waterwheel in the application can rotate under the drive of water flow in a river channel, and then drives the rotation speed lifting device to rotate, the rotation speed lifting device enables the power input shaft of the generator motor to rotate and increase the rotation speed, so that the power generation power of a single generator is increased, and the utilization rate of hydraulic resources is improved. In addition, thrust unit can make the organism backup pad rotate around its side according to the height of water level in the river course to make the focus of whole waterwheel reduce or rise, so that the effective area of contact of waterwheel and rivers keeps unchangeable or only less change, thereby avoid making the utilization ratio of water conservancy resource reduce because of the change of water level in the river course. The electric energy collection device can store redundant electric energy for standby, and electric energy waste is avoided. (ii) a

2. The rain cover can reduce rainwater and air to corrode the rotating speed lifting device, prevent the rotating resistance of the rotating speed lifting device from being increased due to corrosion, further increase the mechanical energy loss and avoid reducing the utilization rate of hydraulic resources;

3. water level sensor can in time change the water level in the river course into corresponding numerical value to transmit numerical value to the controller, and then make thrust unit rotate, adjust organism backup pad and waterwheel centrobaric position in real time, and then increase the area of contact of waterwheel blade and rivers, make the utilization ratio of water conservancy resource improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the river channel erected on both banks according to the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the state in fig. 1 after the windshield and the rain shield are removed.

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a full-wave voltage doubler rectifier circuit in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a control block diagram of the pushing device in the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a base; 2. a machine body support plate; 21. a windshield; 22. a rain cover; 3. water wheel; 31. a rotating shaft; 32. a blade; 4. a generator is single; 5. a rotational speed raising device; 51. a driving wheel; 52. a chain; 53. a driven wheel; 6. an electric energy collecting device; 61. a rectifier; 62. a storage battery; 7. a pushing device; 71. an electric push rod; 72. a control switch; 73. a controller; 74. a water level sensor.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.

The embodiment of the application discloses a small hydroelectric generator. Referring to fig. 1, a small hydroelectric generator includes a base 1, a body support plate 2, a waterwheel 3, a generator unit 4, a rotation speed raising device 5, an electric energy collecting device 6, and a pushing device 7. Wherein, base 1 sets up subaerial at the river course both sides, organism backup pad 2 rotates with the top surface of base 1 along a side of rivers direction and is connected near the position of side reason, waterwheel 3 wears to establish on organism backup pad 2, generator unit 4 establishes on organism backup pad 2, rotational speed hoisting device 5 and waterwheel 3's power output shaft's end connection, electric energy collection device 6 sets up on base 1 and with generator unit 4 electric connection, thrust unit 7 sets up on base 1.

The base 1 can be a rectangular precast concrete plate or a steel plate with the surface coated with anticorrosive wear-resistant paint, and a pin shaft is arranged on the top surface of the base 1 close to the edge along the direction perpendicular to water flow and is rotationally connected with the machine body supporting plate 2 through the pin shaft.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the number of the body support plates 2 is two, the body support plates 2 are rectangular plates, the cross sections of the body support plates can also be rectangular, and bearing seats are further mounted on the body support plates 2 and used for penetrating through the waterwheel 3. A side of organism backup pad 2's bottom surface and base 1's top surface pin hub connection, and organism backup pad 2 can change between 15 to 60 with the contained angle of horizontal plane under thrust unit 7's impetus, two 2 symmetrical interval settings of organism backup pad are on the both sides of river course, in the example of this application, organism backup pad 2 is gone up and has been set up windshield 21 along the direction of perpendicular rivers, windshield 21 can be the coiled half-cylinder barrel of metal sheet, windshield 21 can wrap up the first part of waterwheel 3, with the hindrance effect that reduces wind-force and produce waterwheel 3's rotation.

In addition, still set up rain-proof cover 22 on organism backup pad 2, rain-proof cover 22 can be a side open-ended rectangle box body, and the open end can be welding or bolted connection with organism backup pad 2's side fixed connection, connected mode. The rain cover 22 covers the speed increasing device 5 inside, so that the speed increasing device 5 is prevented from being eroded by rainwater.

Referring to fig. 2, the waterwheel 3, as an important component for converting kinetic energy in water into mechanical energy, includes a rotating shaft 31 and blades 32. Wherein, the both ends of pivot 31 pass respectively and install the bearing on organism backup pad 2 and span on two organism backup pads 2 that set up at an interval, can use the axis of self to take place to rotate as the center pin. The vanes 32 are axially disposed on the rotating shaft 31, however, the number of the vanes 32 may be plural, and the vanes 32 and the surface of the rotating shaft 31 may be fixedly connected by welding.

Further, the vane 32 is an arc-shaped plate, and an included angle between the arc-shaped plate and the horizontal plane is an acute angle when the arc-shaped plate rotates to the horizontal position, and when the vane 32 moves to the lowest position on the movement locus, the bending direction of the vane 32 is the same as the water flow direction, correspondingly, when the vane 32 moves to the highest position on the movement locus, the bending direction of the vane 32 is opposite to the water flow direction. It can be understood that, in the rotation process of the waterwheel 3, under the condition of large water level difference, the space between every two adjacent blades can temporarily store part of water, and the water can flow under the action of gravity, so that the waterwheel is pushed for the second time, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the generator unit 4 may be fixedly mounted on a mounting plate welded to a side surface of the machine body support plate 2 by means of a bolt connection. In the embodiment of the application, generator unit 4 is alternator, and generator unit 4 mainly comprises the casing of installing in organism backup pad 2 and the axis of rotation of wearing to establish in the casing with fixed mounting in the epaxial rotor of axis of rotation and stator, and the electricity generation principle is the electromagnetic induction principle, and coil cutting magnetic induction line produces induced electromotive force promptly.

Referring to fig. 2, the rotation speed increasing device 5 is used for driving the generator unit 4 even when the waterwheel receives a small water flow thrust, and generally, the transmission ratio of the rotation speed increasing device 5 must be greater than 1, and the transmission ratio may be a value between 2 and 5, so that the rotation speed of the generator unit 4 can be increased, and the power generation power of the generator unit 4 can be further increased.

The rotation speed increasing device 5 includes a driving pulley 51, a chain 52, and a driven pulley 53. The driving wheel 51 is arranged on the rotating shaft 31 of the waterwheel 3 near the end parts of both ends of the rotating shaft 31, the connecting mode of the driving wheel 51 and the rotating shaft 31 can be a key connection, the driving wheel 51 is a chain wheel, and a part of the chain 52 is wound on the driving wheel 51 and is in meshed transmission with the driving wheel 51. The driven wheel 53 is arranged on the power input shaft of the generator unit 4, and the connection mode of the driven wheel 53 and the power input shaft of the generator unit 4 can be a key connection mode. It should be understood that in order to achieve better rotation speed effect of the rotation speed increasing device 5 and change the transmission ratio, the driven wheel 53 is a multi-stage speed-regulating flywheel, and the number of the sprockets on the flywheel can be 3, 4 or 5, so that the rotation speed increasing device 5 can obtain a plurality of transmission ratios.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an electric power collecting device 6 is provided on the base 1 for collecting electric power generated by the generator unit 4. The electric power collecting device 6 includes a rectifier 61 and a storage battery 62. The rectifier 61 is electrically connected with the voltage output terminal interface of the generator unit 4 through a wire, the rectifier 61 can be made of a vacuum tube, an ignition tube and a solid silicon semiconductor diode, and the rectifier 61 can convert alternating current into direct current. The rectifier 61 can be fixedly installed in the casing of the generator unit 4 by means of bolt connection, and can also be installed on the top surface of the base 1, and can also be installed on the side surface of the storage battery 62 to charge the storage battery 62.

Further, the output terminal interfaces of the two generator units 4 are respectively connected to the same rectifier 61 through wires, and form a full-wave voltage-doubling rectifying circuit. Referring to fig. 3, in the circuit diagram, one of the generators 4 forms a loop with a first capacitor C1 and a first diode D1, and then a second diode D2 and a second capacitor C2 are connected in series to form a primary rectifying circuit, and an output node of the primary rectifying circuit is a positive voltage output terminal. And the other generator single machine 4 is electrically connected with a third capacitor C3 and a third diode D3 to form a loop, and then is connected with a fourth capacitor C4 and a fourth diode D4 in series to form a secondary rectifying circuit on the basis, and the output node of the secondary rectifying circuit is a negative voltage output end. Of course, the generator unit 4 can also be used with a voltage regulator and a rectifier 61, so that the output voltage is more stable.

Referring to fig. 2, the battery 62 may be a lead battery, which is mainly composed of a base plate, a case bolted to the base plate, an end cap bolted to an upper end of the case, and an electrode group mounted in the case. The battery 62 may be bolted to the base 1 and is typically covered with a waterproof plastic cloth for protection from the rain. Of course, in some possible embodiments, the battery 62 may also be a lithium battery, and a voltage output terminal of the battery 62 is electrically connected to the pushing device 7 to supply power to the pushing device 7, regardless of the production cost. It should be appreciated that the battery 62 can also deliver power directly to the load applied by the consumer through the wires, and thus can also be used in conjunction with an inverter to convert dc power to ac power for transportation to reduce losses during power delivery.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, a pushing means 7 is provided on the top surface of the base 1, the pushing means 7 including an electric push rod 71, a control switch 72, a controller 73, and a water level sensor 74. The electric push rod 71 can be a UT-type or LTN-type electric push rod, the bottom end of the electric push rod 71 is connected with the top surface of the base 11 through a pin, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod 71 is connected with one side surface of the machine body support plate 2 through a pin.

The control switch 72 can be a forward/reverse rotation switch, which can be an HY2-15 switch, and the control switch 72 can extend or retract the retractable end of the electric push rod 71 to drive the body support plate 2 to rotate.

Referring to fig. 5, the controller 73, which serves as a control center of the entire pushing device 7, can process and compare the water level data collected by the water level sensor 74, and output a corresponding control signal to extend or retract the electric push rod 71. In some possible embodiments, the controller 73 may be a CPU, microprocessor, ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the programs described above. The controller 73 is mainly composed of a CPU731, a RAM732, a ROM733, and a system bus 734, wherein the CPU731, the RAM732, and the ROM733 are connected to the system bus 311. Accordingly, the control switch 72 is electrically connected to the system bus 734 via the peripheral output port interface 735, and the water level sensor 74 is electrically connected to the system bus 734 via the peripheral human input port interface 736. As a possible implementation, the controller may be an integrated circuit of the AT86C51 single chip microcomputer, which may be enclosed in a housing and fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base 1 by bolts.

Referring to fig. 2, the water level sensor 74 may be a floating ball type water level sensor, and the water level sensor mainly includes a casing, a strip-shaped circuit board disposed in the casing and packaged by a plurality of resistors connected in series and magnetic reed switches disposed in the circuit at intervals, a floating ball sleeved on the casing and containing a magnet, and a main board fixedly connected to the top of the casing. When the buoyancy ball slides along the sleeve along with the change of the water level, the magnet closes the corresponding reed switch, the resistance value of the series resistor changes accordingly, the output voltage is adjusted, and finally the voltage change value is transmitted to the controller 73. Then the controller 73 outputs a corresponding control signal to extend or contract the electric push rod 71.

The implementation principle of the small hydroelectric generator in the embodiment of the application is as follows:

when the water level in the river course changes, water level sensor 74 in thrust unit 7 gathers water level change, and signal transmission to the controller 73 that will gather, controller 73 is again with corresponding control signal transmission to control switch 72 on, make electric putter 71 stretch out and draw back through control switch 72, thereby make organism backup pad 2 and waterwheel 3's focus rise or reduce, make the effective area of contact increase of blade 32 and rivers, and then make rivers better to waterwheel 3's promotion effect, kinetic energy in the rivers also can be more changes into mechanical energy.

The waterwheel 3 rotates under the driving action of water flow, the rotating shaft 31 drives the rotating speed increasing device 5 to operate, and then the generator single machine 4 operates and generates electric energy, and finally the electric energy is collected by the electric energy collecting device 6 to be used as a standby.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A miniature hydro-generator characterized by: the river course water flow power generation device comprises bases (1) arranged on two banks of a river course, a machine body supporting plate (2) rotatably connected with the top surface of the base (1) along one side edge of the water flow direction, a waterwheel (3) arranged on the machine body supporting plate (2) in a penetrating mode, a generator single machine (4) arranged on the machine body supporting plate (2), a rotating speed lifting device (5) connected with the end portion of a power output shaft of the waterwheel (3) and used for driving the generator single machine (4) to rotate, an electric energy collecting device (6) arranged on the base (1) and electrically connected with the generator single machine (4), and a pushing device (7) arranged on the base (1) and used for enabling the machine;

the pushing device (7) is electrically connected with the electric energy collecting device (6).

2. A miniature hydro-generator as defined in claim 1 wherein: the wind-proof cover (21) is arranged on the machine body supporting plate (2) along the direction vertical to water flow, and the upper half part of the waterwheel (3) is surrounded by the wind-proof cover (21).

3. A miniature hydro-generator as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the waterwheel (3) comprises a rotating shaft (31) and blades (32), wherein the two ends of the rotating shaft (31) are mounted on the machine body supporting plate (2) through bearings, and the blades (32) are axially arranged on the rotating shaft (31).

4. A miniature hydro-generator as defined in claim 3 wherein: the blades (32) are arc-shaped plates, and an included angle formed by the arc-shaped plates and the horizontal plane is an acute angle when the arc-shaped plates rotate to the horizontal position;

the bending direction of the blade (32) is the same as the water flow direction when the blade (32) is located at the lowest position of the motion track, and the bending direction of the blade (32) is opposite to the water flow direction when the blade (32) is located at the highest position of the motion track.

5. A miniature hydro-generator as defined in claim 1 wherein: and a rain cover (22) used for keeping off rain for the rotating speed lifting device (5) is arranged on the machine body supporting plate (2).

6. A miniature hydro-generator as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein: the rotating speed lifting device (5) comprises driving wheels (51) arranged at two ends of the waterwheel (3), a chain (52) with one part wound on the driving wheels (51) and a driven wheel (53) arranged on a power input shaft of the generator single machine (4);

a part of the chain (52) is wound around a driven pulley (53).

7. A miniature hydro-generator as defined in claim 6 wherein: the driven wheel (53) is a multi-stage speed regulating flywheel.

8. A miniature hydro-generator as defined in claim 1 wherein: the electric energy collecting device (6) comprises a rectifier (61) electrically connected with the generator single machine (4) and a storage battery (62) electrically connected with the rectifier (61);

the voltage output end of the storage battery (62) is connected with the pushing device (7).

9. A miniature hydro-generator as defined in claim 8 wherein: and output end interfaces on the two generator single machines (4) are connected with the same rectifier (61) to form a full-wave voltage-doubling rectifying circuit.

10. A miniature hydro-generator as defined in claim 1 wherein: the pushing device (7) comprises an electric push rod (71) arranged on the base (1), a control switch (72) connected with the electric push rod (71) and used for controlling the electric push rod (71) to stretch, a controller (73) with a control signal output end connected with the control switch (72), and a water level sensor (74) with one end arranged on the machine body supporting plate (2) and connected with a signal input end of the controller (73).