CN112282751B - A 3D-coupling geological-engineering detection method for tight oil and gas horizontal well production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological engineering three-dimensional coupling compact oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method, which comprises the following steps: s1: establishing a rock-well-seismic coupling three-dimensional grid in-situ representation and a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model; s2: establishing a compact oil-gas geology-engineering coupling data set along a track space of a horizontal well; s3: extracting and classifying the output characteristic data of the compact oil-gas horizontal well; s4: and (3) screening geological-engineering coupling main control factors and detecting control action characteristics of the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by in-situ characterization of lithology, physical properties and mechanical characteristics of shale oil gas, tight sandstone oil gas and tight carbonate oil gas geologic bodies and oil gas enrichment performance, accurate, reliable and rapid evaluation of the exploitation effect of the horizontal well is realized, and technical support is provided for scientific and efficient development of the shale oil gas, the tight sandstone oil gas and the tight carbonate oil gas.

Description

A 3D-coupling geological-engineering detection method for tight oil and gas horizontal well production

technical field

The invention relates to the development of tight oil and gas horizontal wells in geological engineering, in particular to a method for detecting the development of tight oil and gas horizontal wells with three-dimensional coupling of geological engineering.

Background technique

Shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas and tight carbonate rock oil and gas are collectively referred to as tight oil and gas, which are widely distributed in North America, Asia-Pacific, Central Asia-Russia, Latin America and other regions. According to the latest statistics from the EIA, tight oil and gas production in the United States in 2019 exceeded 50% of the total annual oil production in the United States. It is expected that by 2040, the proportion of tight oil and gas production in US oil production will continue to increase. The research results of many domestic scholars and institutions also show that the technically recoverable resources of tight oil and gas in China are as high as 20×10 ⁸ to 25×10 ⁸ t, which are widely distributed in Junggar, Santang Lake, Ordos, Qaidam, Sichuan, Song In the Liaoning and Bohai Bay basins, it is an important source for China to maintain continuous and stable oil production in the future. It can be seen that the exploration and development of tight oil and gas plays an important role in ensuring the stable development of my country's and even the world's petroleum industry. Focusing on the characteristics of tight oil and gas, accurately and reliably characterizing the heterogeneity of tight oil and gas reservoirs in three-dimensional space is the fundamental premise for scientific exploration and efficient development of tight oil and gas.

Due to the ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability characteristics of tight oil and gas reservoirs, there is no natural production capacity without the development of ultra-long horizontal wells + multi-stage repeated fracturing technology. Therefore, the detection of horizontal well production has become a key technical problem that must be faced in the development of shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas and tight carbonate rock oil and gas.

Tight oil and gas such as shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, and tight carbonate rock oil and gas have the following typical characteristics and key technical problems: sedimentary microfacies do not change much on the plane, but vertical Differences will result in differences in rock properties, and the evolution of diagenetic history will also result in differences in pore and fracture structures. Different rock properties and pore and fracture structures correspond to different lithofacies types. Conversely, different lithofacies types will present different Lithology, physical properties, mechanical characteristics and oil and gas enrichment performance; reservoir physical properties are poor, matrix permeability is low, air permeability is usually less than or equal to 0.2mD, porosity is usually less than 8%, lithology, physical properties and oil and gas properties The heterogeneity is extremely strong; geology, well logging, and seismic are the three major sources of data to characterize the spatial distribution and attribute characteristics of tight oil and gas. Indoor geological analysis focuses on establishing micro-scale understanding and geological body models, and the logging interpretation and analysis system characterizes vertical meter-level Changes in geological bodies, seismic interpretation and analysis comprehensively reflect changes in horizontal and horizontal ten-meter-level geological bodies, how to realize the organic coupling of geology, well logging, and seismic in order to effectively characterize shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, and tight carbonate The in-situ characteristics of tight oil and gas such as shale oil and gas in three-dimensional space is one of the key technical problems to be solved urgently; the supporting technology of ultra-long horizontal well + multi-stage repeated fracturing is the key to the development of shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas and tight carbonate rock oil and gas. As the main technology of tight oil and gas, few vertical wells and many horizontal wells are the actual situation faced by the development zone. How to fully integrate the respective advantages of vertical wells and horizontal Simulating the lithology, physical properties, mechanical characteristics and oil and gas enrichment performance of geological bodies at various in-situ locations is another key technical problem to be solved urgently.

Shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, and tight carbonate rock oil and gas must adopt ultra-long horizontal wells + multi-stage repeated fracturing to be effectively exploited. Therefore, the evaluation of the production effect of horizontal wells has become a key technical problem that must be faced in the development of shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, and tight carbonate rock oil and gas.

Authorized invention patent "a structural modeling method relying on three-dimensional visual formation correlation of horizontal wells" (application date August 18, 2015, inventors: Ou Chenghua, Xu Yuan, Li Chaochun; patent number ZL2015 1 0508165.4) provides a The structural modeling method relies on the 3D visual stratigraphic correlation of horizontal wells, but this method does not involve the coupling of lithofacies-vertical well-electric facies-seismic to establish the in-situ framework of layer group space and the sublayer framework in layer group respectively, nor does it involve A multi-grid approximation algorithm is proposed to ensure that the distribution models of the top and bottom surfaces of layer groups and the top surface of small layers are completed under the condition of zero residual error.

Authorized invention patent "A three-dimensional modeling method for artificial fracturing fractures in oil and gas reservoirs" (application date 2016.01.15, inventors: Ou Chenghua, Li Chaochun, Xiong Hongli, Lu Wentao, Zhang Qian, Zhang Mengling, Han Chiyu; patent number ZL201610028284. 4) A three-dimensional modeling method for artificial fractures in oil and gas reservoirs is proposed.

Authorized invention patent "A three-dimensional modeling method for shale gas reservoir shale fractures" (application date 2016.01.15, inventors: Ou Chenghua, Li Chaochun, Xiong Hongli, Lu Wentao, Zhang Qian, Zhang Mengling, Han Chiyu; patent number ZL201610028053.3 ) proposed a three-dimensional modeling method for shale gas reservoir bedding fractures.

Authorized invention patent "A 3D Modeling Method for Structural Fractures Based on Structural Surface Geometry Restoration" (application date 2016.01.15, inventors: Ou Chenghua, Li Chaochun, Xiong Hongli, Lu Wentao, Zhang Qian, Zhang Mengling, Han Chiyu; patent number ZL201610029135.X ) proposed a 3D modeling method for structural fractures based on geometric restoration of structural surfaces.

Authorized invention patent "a comprehensive evaluation method for complex oil reservoir reserves quality" (application date 2016.01.15, inventors: Ou Chenghua, Li Chaochun; patent number 201610029143.4) proposed a comprehensive evaluation method for complex oil Evaluation of the production effect of horizontal wells.

Authorized invention patent "Six-stage modeling method for classification and characterization of gas layer quality in multi-layer sandstone gas reservoirs" (application date: August 24, 2014, inventors: Ou Chenghua, Li Chaochun; patent number ZL2014 1 0422566.3) proposed the use of A six-stage modeling method for the classification and characterization of gas layer quality in multi-layer sandstone gas reservoirs, but it does not involve tight carbonatite and shale oil and gas modeling.

Authorized invention patent "Six-stage modeling method for characterization of gas-water distribution in carbonate gas reservoirs with water" (application date August 24, 2014, inventors: Ou Chenghua, Li Chaochun; patent number ZL2014 1 0419436.4) proposed A six-stage modeling method for the characterization of gas-water distribution in carbonate gas reservoirs with water is proposed, but tight sandstone and shale oil and gas modeling are not involved.

It can be seen that only relying on the above technical methods cannot realize the in-situ characterization of the lithology, physical properties, mechanical characteristics and oil and gas enrichment performance of shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, and tight carbonate rock oil and gas geological bodies, and it is difficult to realize Accurate, reliable and rapid evaluation of horizontal well mining effect.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and propose a method for detecting the production of tight oil and gas horizontal wells with three-dimensional coupling of geology and engineering.

A geological-engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well production detection method, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Establish rock-well-seismic coupling 3D grid in-situ characterization and tight oil and gas 3D in-situ model;

Step 2: Establish a tight oil and gas geological-engineering coupled data set along the horizontal well trajectory space;

Step 3: Tight oil and gas horizontal well production feature data extraction and classification detection;

Step 4: Screening of main controlling factors of geological-engineering coupling and characteristics of controlling effects of tight oil and gas horizontal well development.

Said step 1 also includes the following sub-steps:

Step 11: Using lithofacies-vertical well electrical facies-seismic coupling to establish an in-situ framework of stratigraphic space;

Step 12: Establish the spatial distribution trend grid of sublayers by using 3D visualization comparison of vertical wells;

Step 13: Establish an in-situ 3D grid model of the sublayer by using 3D visualization comparison of horizontal wells;

Step 14: Establish a 3D in-situ model of tight oil and gas.

Said step 2 also includes the following sub-steps:

Step 21: Establish a comprehensive geological feature data set along the horizontal well trajectory space;

Step 22: Establish a horizontal well engineering characteristic data set;

Step 23: Construct the geological-engineering coupling dataset.

Said step 4 also includes the following sub-steps:

Step 41: Screen the main controlling factors of geological-engineering coupling for the production effect of tight oil and gas horizontal wells;

Step 42: The characteristics of the geological-engineering coupling main controlling factors for the development effect of tight oil and gas horizontal wells are established.

The step 11 also includes the following sub-steps:

Step 111: Using the lithofacies characteristics, lithology indicator curve, porosity indicator curve or oil and gas indicator curve characteristics of the vertical well to establish the lithofacies-electricity coupling in-situ stratification model, and construct the top and bottom of the layer group and the layer at the drilling well point In-situ layered grid at the interface of each sublayer in the group;

Step: 112: Use the synthetic recording method to establish the time-depth conversion relationship, project the in-situ depth information on the top and bottom surfaces of formations identified by exploration and detection vertical wells onto the seismic time section, and establish the wells at the top and bottom interfaces of the main oil-producing formations in tight oil and gas reservoirs— Seismic coupling relationship;

Step 113: According to the well-seismic coupling relationship, complete the top-bottom interface tracking and time data extraction of the main oil-producing formations of tight oil and gas reservoirs on the seismic section;

Step 114: Establish a time-depth conversion relationship, and convert the time data of the top and bottom interfaces of the layer group into depth data;

Step 115: Take the depth data as the main input, and the elevation data of the exploration and detection vertical wells as the hard constraints, and adopt the multi-grid approximation algorithm. In-situ grid of oil and gas reservoir layer group space.

The step 12 also includes the following sub-steps:

Step 121: According to the established lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ layering model of each sublayer interface in the layer group, carry out vertical well sublayer comparison, extract the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the sublayer at each vertical well position, and establish the Small layer lattice;

Step 122: According to the principle of location proximity, select the top or bottom structural distribution model of the layer group that is closer to the top surface of the sublayer as the main input, and the elevation data of the top surface of each sublayer as a hard constraint, and use the multi-grid approximation algorithm. When the residual is zero, a structural distribution model of the top surface of the sublayer is constructed to form a spatial distribution trend framework of sublayers in tight oil and gas reservoirs.

The step 13 also includes the following sub-steps:

Step 131: According to the three-dimensional visual comparison of the horizontal well, determine the relationship between the trajectory of the horizontal well and the top-bottom interface of the target sublayer;

Step 132: Referring to the sublayer grid model, quantitatively characterize the target sublayer along the horizontal well trajectory and the positions of the top and bottom interfaces of the adjacent sublayers;

Step 133: extract the position elevation to form the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the horizontal well sub-layers, and combine them with the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the sub-layers at the position of the vertical wells to form a new data set. Construct a new structure distribution model based on vertical wells + horizontal wells on the top and bottom of small layers to form an in-situ structural model of small layers in tight oil and gas reservoirs.

The step 14 also includes the following sub-steps:

S141: Use the six-stage modeling method to establish a three-dimensional model of tight oil and gas lithofacies, storage and permeability, geochemical characteristics, oil and gas, and rock mechanical parameters;

S142: Establishing a three-dimensional model of natural lamellation cracks;

S143: Establish a three-dimensional model of natural structural fractures;

S144: Three-dimensional model of artificial fracturing fractures.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the establishment of three-dimensional grid in-situ characterization-three-dimensional in-situ model establishment-geology and engineering coupling data set establishment, main control factor screening and control effect characteristic evaluation integrated matching technical method, through the shale oil and gas, The in-situ characterization of the lithology, physical properties, mechanical characteristics and oil and gas enrichment performance of tight sandstone oil and gas and tight carbonate rock oil and gas geological bodies can realize accurate, reliable and rapid detection of horizontal well production effects, and provide scientific and efficient development of shale Oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas and tight carbonate rock oil and gas provide technical support.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows the lithofacies-electrical phase coupling layering pattern of the top-bottom interface of the main oil-producing layer group and the interface of each sublayer in a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 3 is a seismic-vertical well coupling identification model diagram of the top-bottom interface of the second member of the Lu2 member of the main oil-producing formation in a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 4 shows the structural distribution model of the top and bottom surfaces within the seismic work area of the second member of the Lu-2 member of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 5 is a multi-well layered cross-section of each small layer of the second member of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 6 shows the distribution model of the top structure within the seismic work area of sublayers 2 and 3 of the second member of Member Lu of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional section of some wells in the second member of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Figure 8 shows the relationship between the trajectory of a horizontal well and the top and bottom surfaces of the target 2 sublayer in the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Figure 9 shows the top and bottom boundary lines of the second sublayer of the target point along the horizontal well trajectory in a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 10 shows the distribution model of the top structure of each small layer in the second member of Lu2 member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country in the seismic work area + the area with wells.

Fig. 11 is a three-dimensional grid structure model of the Lu2 Member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 12 is a section display of the 3D mesh model of the Lu2 Member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country along some horizontal well trajectories.

Fig. 13 is a three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geological model of Member Lu2 of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 14 A case of extracting geological characteristic parameters from the 3D in-situ comprehensive geological model of the Lu2 Member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 15 is a histogram comparing the production systems of horizontal wells in the second member of the Lu2 Formation in a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 16 is a histogram of the comparison of fracturing stages of horizontal wells in the Lu2 Member of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 17 Histogram of fracturing fluid injection volume comparison of horizontal wells in the Lu2 Member of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 18 Histogram of comparison of fracturing sand injection volume of horizontal wells in the Lu2 Member of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 19 Histogram of the days of normal working conditions of a horizontal well in the Lu2 Member of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 20. Classification and classification evaluation of the production characteristics of horizontal wells in the Lu2 Member of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

Fig. 21. Relationship between fracturing sand addition and single well daily production.

Fig. 22 The relationship between the amount of fracturing fluid added and the daily production of a single well.

Fig. 23 Relationship between average burial depth and single well daily production.

Fig. 24 Relationship between the length of the main small interval and the daily production of a single well.

Figure 25. Relationship between fracturing stages and single well daily production.

Fig. 26 Relationship between dolomite and single well daily production.

Fig. 27 Relationship between movable oil porosity and single well daily production.

Fig. 28. Relationship between effective porosity and single well daily production.

Figure 29. Fracturing sand injection volume of wells of type I.

Fig. 30 Fracturing sand injection volume of the second type of well.

Figure 31. Fracturing sand injection volume of three types of wells.

Fig. 32 Psymnic dolomite content in wells of one type.

Figure 33 Psymnic dolomite content of the second type of well.

Figure 34 Psymnic dolomite content of three types of wells.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Fig. 1, a method for detection of tight oil and gas horizontal well production with 3D coupling of geology and engineering includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish an in-situ framework of formation space by using lithofacies-vertical well electrical phase-seismic coupling, and use the vertical well 3D Visual comparison to establish the spatial distribution trend framework of sub-layers, use horizontal well 3-D visual comparison to establish sub-layer in-situ 3-D grid model, and establish tight oil and gas 3-D in-situ model; Step 2: Establish a comprehensive geological feature data set along the horizontal well trajectory space , establish a horizontal well engineering feature data set, and construct a geological-engineering coupling data set; step 3: extraction of tight oil and gas horizontal well output feature data and classification and detection; step 4: tight oil and gas horizontal well production effect geological-engineering coupling main controlling factors Screening, the characteristics of geological-engineering coupling main controlling factors for tight oil and gas horizontal well development.

The specific flow of the method is as follows:

(1) Using lithofacies-vertical well electrical facies-seismic coupling to establish an in-situ framework of stratigraphic space

The lithofacies characteristics, lithology indicator curve, porosity indicator curve or oil and gas indicator curve characteristics of the vertical well are used to establish the lithofacies-electricity coupled in-situ layering model, and the top and bottom surfaces of the formation at the drilling well point and each layer in the formation are constructed. In-situ layered lattice at the interface of small layers.

The lithofacies characteristics, lithology indicator curve (GR), porosity indicator curve (AC, DEN, CNL) and oil-gas indicator curve ( RT, RI) characteristics, established and obtained the top and bottom of the Lu2 Member, the main production layer of a shale oil tight oil and gas reservoir in western China as shown in Fig. Phase-electric phase coupling delamination model; and then using the lithology indicator curve (GR), porosity indicator curve (AC, DEN) and oil and gas indicator curve (RT) characteristics of each sub-layer in the target area, statistically obtained The electrical phase characteristic response model of each small layer under the second member of the main production layer of the tight oil and gas reservoir in a shale oilfield; relying on the lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ delamination model composed of these two types of models, the western China Standards for in-situ identification and comparison of the interface between sublayers 1, 2, and 3 of the main production layer of the second member of Lu Member in a shale oilfield.

Using the synthetic recording method to establish the time-depth conversion relationship, project the in-situ depth information on the top and bottom surfaces of formations identified by exploration and detection vertical wells onto the seismic time section, and establish the well-seismic coupling relationship between the top and bottom interfaces of the main oil-producing formations in tight oil and gas reservoirs; According to the well-seismic coupling relationship, the top-bottom interface tracking and time data extraction of the main oil-producing formations of tight oil and gas reservoirs are completed on the seismic section; the time-depth conversion relationship is established to convert the time data of the top-bottom interface of the formations into depth data; The data is used as the main input, and the elevation data of exploration and detection vertical wells are used as hard constraints. Using the multi-grid approximation algorithm, when the residual error at the point of exploration and detection vertical wells is zero, the structural distribution model of the top and bottom surfaces of the layer group is established to form a tight oil and gas reservoir layer group. Space in situ lattice.

Table 1 shows the electrical phase characteristic response model of the sub-2 sublayers of the second member of Member Lu, the main production layer of tight oil and gas reservoirs in each subregion of a shale oilfield in western my country.

It should be understood that the actual application processing steps also include: on the basis of the time-depth conversion relationship established by the synthetic records of Well M, project the in-situ depth information of the top and bottom surfaces of Member Lu2 identified by Well M onto the seismic time section, As shown in Figure 3, the top-bottom interface well-seismic coupling relationship of the second member of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country has been formed. Interface tracking and time data extraction. Then, by using the established time-depth conversion relationship, the time data of the top-bottom interface of the second member of Lu is converted into depth data, and the depth data is used as the main input, and the elevation data of the top-bottom interface of the second member of Lu for exploration and evaluation of vertical wells is used as a hard constraint condition. The multi-grid approximation algorithm is used to ensure that the residual error at the vertical well point of the exploration evaluation is zero, and the structural distribution of the top and bottom members of the second member of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country is completed as shown in Figure 4 The establishment of the model has formed the spatial in-situ framework of the top-bottom interface of the second member of Member Lu of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country.

(2) Using 3D visual comparison of vertical wells to establish the spatial distribution trend framework of sublayers

According to the established lithofacies-electric phase coupling in-situ delamination model of each sub-layer interface in the layer group, carry out vertical well sub-layer comparison, extract the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the sub-layer at each vertical well position, and establish the sub-layer grid in the layer group According to the principle of location proximity, the structural distribution model of the top or bottom of the layer group that is closer to the top of the sub-layer is selected as the main input, and the elevation data of the top of each sub-layer is used as a hard constraint, and the multi-grid approximation algorithm is adopted. When the difference is zero, the structural distribution model of the top surface of the small layer is constructed to form the spatial distribution trend framework of the small layer in tight oil and gas reservoirs.

It should be noted that, according to the established lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ delamination model of each sublayer interface in the formation group, the multi-well sublayer comparison of vertical wells is carried out, and the tightness of a certain shale oil in western my country is obtained as shown in Figure 5. Multi-well correlation results of vertical wells in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd sublayers of the Lu2 Member of the main oil-producing formation of the reservoir.

It should be understood that, according to the structure distribution model of the top and bottom of the Member Lu 2 as the main input, the elevation data of the 2nd and 3rd sublayers extracted by comparison of vertical well sublayers are used as hard constraints, and the multi-grid approximation algorithm is used to ensure that the vertical well point Under the condition that the residual error is zero, the top structure distribution model of sub-layers 2 and 3 of the second member of Lu 2 and 3 of the main oil-producing formation group of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country can be obtained as shown in Figure 6; and then through seismic-vertical well coupling , the spatial distribution trend framework of the top and bottom of sublayers 1, 2, and 3 of the second member of Member Lu of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country can be obtained.

Table 2 is a statistical table of the matching degree of the top surface structure of each sublayer in the Lu2 Member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country and the actual drilling trajectory of the horizontal section of the horizontal well.

Fig. 7 shows the matching degree of the top surface structure of each sublayer in the Lu2 Member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country and the actual drilling trajectory of the horizontal section of the horizontal well.

Table 2 and Figure 7 show the matching degree of the top surface structure of each small layer in the Lu2 Member of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country and the actual drilling trajectory of the horizontal section of the horizontal well. From the actual results, by only relying on seismic-vertical well coupling, It is impossible to realize the in-situ characterization of the spatial position of each small layer along the trajectory of the horizontal well.

(3) Establishing an in-situ 3D mesh model of a small layer using 3D visualization comparison of horizontal wells

According to the three-dimensional visual comparison of horizontal wells, determine the relationship between the horizontal well trajectory and the top-bottom interface of the target sub-layer; refer to the sub-layer grid model, quantitatively describe the target sub-layer along the horizontal well trajectory and the top-bottom interface of each adjacent sub-layer location; the location elevation is extracted to form the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the horizontal wells, which are combined with the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the vertical wells to form a new data set. The new sub-layer top and bottom structure distribution model based on vertical well + horizontal well forms an in-situ structure model of tight oil and gas reservoir sub-layer space.

What needs to be understood is that in the actual processing process, the horizontal well 3D visualized small-layer correlation technology involved in “A Structural Modeling Method Relying on Horizontal Well 3D Visual Stratum Correlation” is used to determine the horizontal well trajectory and The relationship between the top and bottom interfaces of the target sublayers, and the elevation data of the upper and lower interfaces at the penetration points of the horizontal section are extracted; at the same time, on the vertical subdivision section, relying on the previously established target sublayer thickness and target sublayer electrical phase characteristic response mode , draw the top and bottom interface lines of the target sublayer along the horizontal well trajectory as shown in Figure 9, and quantitatively describe the target sublayer along the horizontal well trajectory and the positions of the top and bottom interfaces of the adjacent sublayers; finally, the target The elevation data of the top and bottom interfaces of the sublayers, the elevation data of the upper and lower interfaces at the penetration points of the horizontal section, and the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the sublayers at the vertical well position are combined to form a new elevation data set of each sublayer.

It should be noted that Fig. 8 is the main force of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country implemented by using the 3D visual sublayer correlation technology of horizontal wells involved in "A Structural Modeling Method Relying on 3D Visual Stratigraphic Correlation of Horizontal Wells". The relationship between the trajectory of a horizontal well in the second member of the Lu2 member of the pay zone and the top and bottom surfaces of the target 2 sublayer.

It should be noted that Fig. 9 is the electrical distribution of the target 2 sub-layer of the second member of the Lu-2 member of the main oil-producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country based on the above-mentioned Table 1 on the vertical section along the horizontal well trajectory. Facies characteristic response mode, drawing the top and bottom interface lines of the target sublayer along the trajectory of the horizontal well.

It should be noted that, according to the above steps, the target sublayer along the horizontal well trajectory and the top-bottom interface position of each adjacent sublayer were quantitatively described, and finally the elevation data of the top and bottom interface of the target sublayer, the The elevation data of the upper and lower layer interfaces of layer points and the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the small layers at the vertical well position are combined to form a new elevation data of the sublayers under the second member of Lu2 member of the main oil producing formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country set.

It should be noted that the distribution model of the top surface structure of each small layer established according to the above steps is used as the main input, and the top surface elevation data set of the corresponding small layer is used as a hard constraint. Under the condition that the residual error at each data point is zero, the structural distribution model of the top surface of each small layer is constructed as shown in Figure 10, combined with the results of 3D fault modeling, the main formation of the tight reservoir as shown in Figure 11 is finally completed The establishment of the three-dimensional grid model, as shown in Figure 12, establishes the in-situ characterization of the spatial distribution of each small layer encountered by vertical wells and horizontal wells in tight oil and gas reservoirs using the three-dimensional grid model.

(4) Establishment of 3D in-situ model of tight oil and gas

According to the existing structural model that accurately characterizes the in-situ position of the top and bottom of tight oil and gas reservoir formations and the interface of each small layer in the formation, the "six methods for characterizing gas-water distribution in carbonate gas reservoirs with water" can be used. The methods proposed in "Stage Modeling Method" and "Six-Stage Modeling Method for Classification and Characterization of Gas Reservoir Quality in Multi-layer Sandstone Gas Reservoirs" establish tight oil and gas lithofacies, storage and permeability, geochemical characteristics, oil and gas and rock mechanical parameters. and other three-dimensional models, using "a three-dimensional modeling method for shale gas reservoir bedding fractures" to establish a three-dimensional model of natural bedding fractures, and using "a three-dimensional modeling method for structural fractures based on structural surface geometry restoration" to establish natural structural fractures Three-dimensional model, using "a three-dimensional modeling method for artificial fracturing fractures in oil and gas reservoirs" to establish a three-dimensional model of artificial fracturing fractures, thereby completing the establishment of a three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geological model of tight oil and gas.

It should be noted that, based on the established 3D mesh model of the Lu2 Member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country, and around the characteristics of the study area, the above-mentioned method was used to establish an accurate characterization model as shown in Figure 13. The lithofacies model, mineral content model, physical property model, oil-bearing model and artificial fracture model of the in-situ position attribute characteristics of the top and bottom surfaces of the tight oil and gas reservoir layer group and the interface of each sublayer in the layer group.

(5) Establish a comprehensive geological feature data set along the horizontal well trajectory space

In the specific actual processing of the comprehensive geological feature data set along the horizontal well trajectory space, the established structural model is used to extract the length of the horizontal well trajectory through the main small layer, the length of the perforation section, and the average buried depth; relying on the established lithofacies model to extract The types of lithofacies traversed along the horizontal well trajectory and the total proportion of each type of lithofacies in the entire horizontal section; relying on the established models of storage and permeability, geochemical characteristics, oil and gas content and rock mechanics parameters to extract reservoirs along the horizontal well trajectory Permeability, geochemical properties, oil-gas content and rock mechanical parameters characteristics; relying on the established 3D model of natural lamination fractures, 3D models of natural structural fractures and 3D models of artificial fracturing fractures to extract natural lamination fractures and structural fractures along the trajectory of horizontal wells Fractures and artificially fractured fracture characteristics, forming a complete comprehensive geological characteristic data set.

What needs to be understood is that, as shown in Figure 13, the three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geological model of Member Lu2 of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country, according to the above method, has successively extracted the length of the horizontal well trajectory through the main small layer, the perforation section Length, average buried depth, storage and permeability along the horizontal well trajectory, geochemical characteristics, oil and gas content and rock mechanics parameters characteristics and artificial fracture characteristics, established comprehensive A dataset of geological features.

Figure 14 shows some geological characteristic parameters extracted along the A20_H horizontal well trajectory in the 3D in-situ comprehensive geological model of the Lu2 Member of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country.

(6) Establish horizontal well engineering feature data set

The horizontal well engineering feature data set established in practice will vary with the regional location and technical level due to the characteristics of the horizontal well operating conditions, but the production system, fracturing stages, fracturing fluid addition, and fracturing sand addition , and the number of days under normal working conditions of a single well are the most important parameters, and the engineering characteristic data set is established from this.

Figures 15-19 show the production system, fracturing stages, fracturing fluid injection volume, fracturing sand injection volume, and days under normal operating conditions of a single well in a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country. This establishes a data set of engineering characteristics in the area.

(7) Construction of geological-engineering coupling data set

Taking horizontal wells as the core, the above-mentioned comprehensive geological feature data set and engineering feature data set are coupled together to construct a geological-engineering coupled data set.

(8) Extraction of production characteristic data of tight oil and gas horizontal wells and classification detection

Based on the technical and economic status of mining in the research area and the relevant technical and economic standards of the state and enterprises, the classification and classification standards for the working conditions and production of horizontal wells in the demonstration area are established, and the classification and evaluation of the output characteristics of production horizontal wells is completed. Considering that different horizontal wells are affected by different working conditions in the first month, resulting in large differences in daily oil production, the average daily oil production in the first year is selected to represent the real daily oil production level of horizontal wells, and the classification and evaluation of the production characteristics of horizontal wells is carried out. Focusing on the technical and economical status of shale oil exploitation in western my country and relevant technical and economic standards of the state and enterprises, a classification and classification evaluation of the output characteristics of horizontal wells in the second member of the Member Lu of a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country is established as shown in Figure 20.

It should be noted that there are 5 horizontal wells with first-class output: the average daily oil production (see oil) is more than 30t in the initial year; 12 horizontal wells with second-class output: the average daily oil production (see oil) is more than 15t in the first year; 15 horizontal wells with similar output: the average daily oil production (see oil) in the initial year is less than 15t.

(9) Screening of main controlling factors of geological-engineering coupling for tight oil and gas horizontal well production effect

During the screening process of geological-engineering coupling main controlling factors of production effect, the correlation simulation between each parameter in the geological-engineering coupling data set of horizontal wells in tight oil and gas reservoirs and the initial one-year average daily oil production data representing the production characteristics of horizontal wells will be carried out. The parameters with high correlation coefficient in the geological-engineering coupling data set were screened out as the main controlling factors for the recovery effect of tight oil and gas horizontal wells.

(10) Establishment of characteristics of geological-engineering coupling main controlling factors for tight oil and gas horizontal well development

The characteristics of geological-engineering coupling main controlling factors for the production effect of tight oil and gas horizontal wells are based on the analysis of the controlling effect of each geological-engineering coupling main controlling factors of tight oil and gas horizontal wells on the production effect of horizontal wells according to the classification and evaluation results of horizontal wells.

What needs to be understood is that, according to the correlation between each parameter in the geology-engineering coupling data set of horizontal wells in the Lu2 Formation of a shale oil tight reservoir in western China and the initial one-year average daily oil production data representing the production characteristics of horizontal wells, It can be seen that the amount of sand added to fracturing (Fig. 21), the amount of fluid added to fracturing (Fig. 22), the average burial depth (Fig. 23), the length of the main small interval (Fig. 24), the number of fracturing stages (Fig. 25), and sand debris Dolomite content (Fig. 26), movable oil porosity (Fig. 27), and effective porosity (Fig. 28) have a certain correlation with the daily oil production of a single well, which means that these factors have different degrees of influence on the production characteristics of horizontal wells. It can be regarded as the main controlling factor of horizontal well exploitation in the study area.

Systematically carried out fracturing sand injection volume, fracturing fluid injection volume, average burial depth, main small layer length, fracturing series of horizontal wells with different output characteristic categories in a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country. The analysis of characteristics such as dolomite content, movable oil porosity and effective porosity reveals the geological-engineering characteristics of horizontal wells with different production characteristics. Due to space limitations, only the amount of sand added to fracturing and the content of psymnic dolomite are taken as examples below.

For example, in a tight shale oil reservoir in western my country, the fracturing sand volume of a typical Type I well in the Lu2 Member is greater than 2400 m3 but less than 4600 m3 (Fig. 29), and the fracturing sand volume of a typical Type II well is greater than 2700 m3 but less than 3100 m3 (Fig. ), the fracturing sand volume of typical three types of wells is more than 3800m but less than 2500m3 (Fig. 31).

For another example, typical horizontal wells in the second member of the Lu2 member of a shale oil tight reservoir in western my country all contain dolomite with a content of 5% to 48%, with an average content of about 17% (Fig. 32); There are two production intervals in the three horizontal wells and three types of wells containing dolomite with a content of 2% to 24% (Fig. 33-34).

Claims (4)

1. A geological engineering three-dimensional coupling compact oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: establishing rock-well-seismic coupling three-dimensional grid in-situ representation and a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model;

step 11: establishing a stratum space in-situ lattice by adopting lithofacies-vertical well electrical facies-seismic coupling;

step 12: establishing a small-layer space distribution trend framework by utilizing three-dimensional visual comparison of a vertical well;

step 13: establishing a small-layer in-situ three-dimensional grid model by utilizing horizontal well three-dimensional visual contrast;

step 14: establishing a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model;

s141: establishing a compact oil-gas lithofacies, permeability storage, geological characteristics, hydrocarbon-containing property and rock mechanical parameter three-dimensional model by adopting a six-stage modeling method;

s142: establishing a natural page crack three-dimensional model;

s143: establishing a natural structure crack three-dimensional model;

s144: artificially fracturing a three-dimensional model of a crack;

step 2: establishing a compact oil-gas geology-engineering coupling data set along a track space of a horizontal well;

step 21: establishing a comprehensive geological feature data set along a track space of a horizontal well; in specific actual processing of the comprehensive geological feature data set along the horizontal well track space, extracting the length of a horizontal well track penetrating through a main force small layer, the length of a perforation segment and the average burial depth by using the established construction model; extracting lithofacies types passing through along the track of the horizontal well and the total proportion of each type of lithofacies in the whole horizontal section by means of the established lithofacies model; extracting the characteristics of the permeability storage property, the geological property, the hydrocarbon-containing property and the rock mechanical parameter along the track of the horizontal well by means of the established models of the permeability storage property, the geological property, the hydrocarbon-containing property and the rock mechanical parameter; extracting the characteristics of the natural page-like cracks, the structural cracks and the artificial fracturing cracks along the track of the horizontal well by means of the established three-dimensional model of the natural page-like cracks, the three-dimensional model of the natural structural cracks and the three-dimensional model of the artificial fracturing cracks to form a complete comprehensive geological characteristic data set;

step 22: establishing a horizontal well engineering characteristic data set; the method comprises the following steps that actually, an established horizontal well engineering characteristic data set is different according to different region positions and technical level differences due to horizontal well working condition characteristics, but a production system, a fracturing stage number, a fracturing liquid adding amount, a fracturing sand adding amount and single well normal working condition days are the most important parameters, so that the engineering characteristic data set is established;

step 23: constructing a geological-engineering coupling data set; coupling the comprehensive geological characteristic data set and the engineering characteristic data set together by taking a horizontal well as a core to construct a geological-engineering coupling data set;

and step 3: extracting and classifying the output characteristic data of the compact oil-gas horizontal well; according to the current situation of mining technology and economy in the research work area and the relevant technical and economic standards of the state and enterprises, establishing a classification standard of the horizontal well working condition and the yield in the demonstration area, and completing classification evaluation of the production characteristics of the production horizontal well;

and 4, step 4: the method comprises the steps of (1) screening geological-engineering coupling main control factors and detecting control action characteristics of the exploitation effect of a compact oil-gas horizontal well;

step 41: screening geological-engineering coupling main control factors for the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well; in the process of screening the geological-engineering coupling main control factors of the exploitation effect, carrying out correlation fitting between each parameter in the geological-engineering coupling data set of the horizontal well of the compact oil and gas reservoir and initial average daily oil production data representing the output characteristics of the horizontal well, and screening out a parameter with a high correlation coefficient in the geological-engineering coupling data set as the main control factor of the exploitation effect of the compact oil and gas horizontal well;

step 42: the method comprises the steps of (1) establishing characteristics of geological-engineering coupling main control factors for the exploitation effect of a compact oil-gas horizontal well; the geological-engineering coupling main control factor characteristic is the control effect characteristic of analyzing the exploitation effect of each geological-engineering coupling main control factor of the compact oil-gas horizontal well on the horizontal well according to the grading classification evaluation result of the horizontal well.

2. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 11 further comprises the following substeps:

step 111: establishing a lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ layering mode by adopting the characteristics of lithofacies, lithology indicating curves, porosity indicating curves or oil-gas containing indicating curves of the vertical well, and constructing an in-situ layering grid frame of the top and bottom surface of the stratum at the well drilling point and each small layer interface in the stratum;

step 12: establishing a time-depth conversion relation by using a synthetic recording method, projecting in-situ depth information of the top and bottom surfaces of the stratum group identified by the exploration detection vertical well onto a seismic time profile, and establishing a well-seismic coupling relation of a top and bottom interface of a main force oil production stratum group of a tight oil and gas reservoir;

step 113: according to the well-seismic coupling relation, completing the top-bottom interface tracking and time data extraction of the main force oil production layer group of the compact oil and gas reservoir on a seismic section;

step 114: establishing a time-depth conversion relation, and converting time data of a top and bottom interface of a layer group into depth data;

step 115: and (3) taking the depth data as main input, taking elevation data of the exploration detection vertical well as hard constraint conditions, adopting a multiple grid approximation algorithm, and establishing a stratum group top and bottom surface structure distribution model when the residual error at the exploration detection vertical well point is zero to form a compact oil and gas reservoir stratum space in-situ grid.

3. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 12 further comprises the following substeps:

step 121: according to the established rock phase-electric phase coupling in-situ layering mode of each small layer interface in the layer group, carrying out vertical well small layer comparison, extracting elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the small layer at each vertical well position, and establishing a small layer framework in the layer group;

step 122: according to the position proximity principle, a layer group top or bottom structure distribution model close to the top of the small layer is selected as main input, the elevation data of the top of each small layer is used as hard constraint, a multiple grid approximation algorithm is adopted, and when the residual error at the vertical well point is zero, the small layer top structure distribution model is constructed to form a small layer space distribution trend framework of the compact oil and gas reservoir.

4. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 13 further comprises the following substeps:

step 131: determining the relation between the track of the horizontal well and the top-bottom interface of the target small layer according to the three-dimensional visual comparison of the horizontal well;

step 132: quantitatively depicting a target spot small layer along the track of the horizontal well and the top and bottom interface positions close to each small layer by referring to a small layer grid pattern;

step 133: and extracting the position elevation to form horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data, combining the horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data with the vertical well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data to form a new data set, and meanwhile, constructing a new small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model based on the vertical well and the horizontal well by using the established small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model as trend constraint to form a compact oil and gas reservoir small-layer space in-situ structure model.

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