CN112282751A - Geological engineering three-dimensional coupling tight oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method - Google Patents
Geological engineering three-dimensional coupling tight oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geological engineering three-dimensional coupling compact oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method, which comprises the following steps: s1: establishing rock-well-seismic coupling three-dimensional grid in-situ representation and a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model; s2: establishing a compact oil-gas geology-engineering coupling data set along a track space of a horizontal well; s3: extracting and classifying the output characteristic data of the compact oil-gas horizontal well; s4: and (3) screening geological-engineering coupling main control factors and detecting control action characteristics of the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by in-situ characterization of lithology, physical properties and mechanical characteristics of shale oil gas, tight sandstone oil gas and tight carbonate oil gas geologic bodies and oil gas enrichment performance, accurate, reliable and rapid evaluation of the exploitation effect of the horizontal well is realized, and technical support is provided for scientific and efficient development of the shale oil gas, the tight sandstone oil gas and the tight carbonate oil gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the exploitation of a compact oil-gas horizontal well in geological engineering, in particular to a geological engineering three-dimensional coupling detection method for the exploitation of the compact oil-gas horizontal well.
Background
Shale oil gas, tight sandstone oil gas and tight carbonate oil gas are collectively called as tight oil gas, are widely distributed in North America, Asia-Taiya, Central Asia-Russia, Latin America and other areas, and are hot spots and effective successors for international and domestic oil exploration and development at present. According to EIA recent statistics, the yield of compact oil and gas in 2019 in the United states exceeds 50% of the total annual oil yield in the United states, and the proportion of the yield of compact oil and gas in the oil yield in the United states is expected to be increased continuously by 2040 years. The research results of a plurality of domestic scholars and organizations also show that: the technology of Chinese dense oil gas can produce resource as high as 20 x 108～25×108t is widely distributed in basins such as soongar, three lagoons, Ordos, chada wood, Sichuan, Songliao, Bohai Bay and the like, and is an important source for keeping continuous and stable petroleum production in the future of China. Therefore, the compact oil-gas exploration and development plays a key role in guaranteeing the stable development of the petroleum industry in China and even the world. And the method accurately and reliably represents the heterogeneity of the compact oil-gas reservoir in a three-dimensional space around the characteristics of compact oil gas, and is a fundamental premise for realizing scientific exploration and efficient development of compact oil gas.
The characteristics of ultra-low hole and ultra-low permeability of the compact oil and gas reservoir ensure that no natural capacity exists without adopting the development of ultra-long horizontal well and multi-section repeated fracturing technology. Therefore, the exploitation and detection of the horizontal well become key technical problems which must be faced in the development process of shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas and tight carbonate oil and gas.
Tight oil and gas such as shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, tight carbonate oil and gas and the like have the following typical characteristics and key technical problems: the sedimentary microphase plane has small change, but the longitudinal sedimentary microphase phase change is frequent, different microphase types can generate different rock properties due to the difference of sedimentary environments, and the historical evolution of rocks can also form different pore structure, and different rock properties and pore structure correspond to different lithofacies types, and conversely, different lithofacies types can present different lithology, physical properties, mechanical characteristics and oil-gas enrichment performance; the reservoir has poor physical properties, low matrix permeability, air permeability of less than or equal to 0.2mD, porosity of less than 8 percent, and extremely strong heterogeneity of lithology, physical properties and oil-gas containing properties; geology, well logging and earthquake are three major data sources for representing the spatial distribution and attribute characteristics of compact oil and gas, micro-scale knowledge and a geologic body mode are intensively established in indoor geological analysis, a well logging interpretation analysis system represents the change of a longitudinal meter-level geologic body, and seismic interpretation analysis comprehensively reflects the change of a transverse and plane meter-level geologic body, so that the organic coupling of the geology, the well logging and the earthquake is realized, the in-situ characteristics of the compact oil and gas such as shale oil and gas, compact sandstone oil and gas, compact carbonate oil and gas and the like in a three-dimensional space are effectively represented, and the method is one of key technical problems to be solved urgently; the overlength horizontal well + multi-section repeated fracturing matching technology is a main technology for developing compact oil gas such as shale oil gas, compact sandstone oil gas and compact carbonate oil gas, the number of vertical wells is small, the number of horizontal wells is large, the actual situation facing a development area is realized, the advantages of the vertical well and the horizontal well are fully fused, the spatial in-situ positions of various microfacies and petrographic layers are accurately represented, the lithology, physical properties, mechanical characteristics and oil gas enrichment performance of geologic bodies at the in-situ positions are accurately simulated, and the key technical problem to be solved urgently is solved.
Shale oil gas, tight sandstone oil gas and tight carbonate oil gas can be effectively exploited only by adopting the combination technology of super-long horizontal well and multi-section repeated fracturing and the like. Therefore, the evaluation of the exploitation effect of the horizontal well becomes a key technical problem which must be faced in the development process of shale oil and gas, tight sandstone oil and gas and tight carbonate oil and gas.
The invention patent of 'a structural modeling method relying on horizontal well three-dimensional visual stratigraphic comparison' (application date 2015, 8/18 th, inventor: Ouchuanhua, Xuyuan, Lizhu pure; patent number ZL 201510508165.4) provides a structural modeling method relying on horizontal well three-dimensional visual stratigraphic comparison, but the method does not relate to the respective establishment of a stratigraphic space in-situ lattice and a small-layer lattice in a stratigraphic by relying on lithofacies-vertical well electric phase-seismic coupling, and does not propose the adoption of a multiple-lattice approximation algorithm to ensure that a stratigraphic top bottom surface and a small-layer top surface structural distribution model are respectively completed under the condition that residual errors are zero.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional modeling method for artificial fractures in oil and gas reservoirs (application date 2016.01.15, inventor: Ouchua, Li Dynasty, Uraud, Lu, Zuge, Zmengjing, Han Shuyu; patent number ZL 201610028284.4).
The invention discloses a shale gas reservoir shale crack three-dimensional modeling method (application date 2016.01.15, inventor: Ouchonghua, Li Dynasty, bear Red, Lu, Zhume, Zmenopterin, Korea; patent number ZL 201610028053.3).
The invention discloses a three-dimensional modeling method of a structural crack based on geometric restoration of a structural surface (application date 2016.01.15, inventor: Ouchua, Li Dynasty, Uraud, Lutao, Zhumu, Zmengjing, Hanchenyu; patent number ZL201610029135. X).
The invention patent entitled "comprehensive evaluation method of complex oil reservoir reserves quality" (application date 2016.01.15, inventor: Ouhua, Lichaochun; patent number 201610029143.4) provides a comprehensive evaluation method of complex oil reservoir reserves quality, but does not relate to evaluation of horizontal well exploitation effect.
The invention patent entitled six-stage modeling method for quality classification characterization of gas layers of multilayer sandstone gas reservoirs (application date 2014 8, 24 days, inventor: Ouchua, Lichaochun; patent number ZL 201410422566.3) provides a six-stage modeling method for quality classification characterization of gas layers of multilayer sandstone gas reservoirs, but does not relate to tight carbonate and shale oil and gas modeling.
The invention patent of grant invention 'six-stage modeling method for water-bearing carbonate gas reservoir gas-water distribution characterization' (application date 2014 8, 24 days, inventor: Ouchua, Lichaochun; patent number ZL 201410419436.4) proposes a six-stage modeling method for water-bearing carbonate gas reservoir gas-water distribution characterization, but does not relate to tight sandstone and shale oil-gas modeling.
Therefore, the in-situ characterization of the lithology, physical property, mechanical characteristics and oil-gas enrichment performance of shale oil-gas, tight sandstone oil-gas and tight carbonate oil-gas geologic bodies cannot be realized only by the technical method, and the accurate, reliable and rapid evaluation of the exploitation effect of the horizontal well is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a geological engineering three-dimensional coupling compact oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method aiming at the problems.
A geological engineering three-dimensional coupling compact oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing rock-well-seismic coupling three-dimensional grid in-situ representation and a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model;
step 2: establishing a compact oil-gas geology-engineering coupling data set along a track space of a horizontal well;
and step 3: extracting output characteristic data of the compact oil-gas horizontal well and performing classified detection;
and 4, step 4: and (3) the mining effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well is characterized by geological-engineering coupling master control factor screening and control action.
The step 1 further comprises the following substeps:
step 11: establishing a stratum space in-situ lattice by adopting lithofacies-vertical well electrical facies-seismic coupling;
step 12: establishing a small-layer space distribution trend framework by utilizing three-dimensional visual comparison of a vertical well;
step 13: establishing a small-layer in-situ three-dimensional grid model by utilizing horizontal well three-dimensional visual contrast;
step 14: and establishing a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model.
The step 2 further comprises the following substeps:
step 21: establishing a comprehensive geological feature data set along a track space of a horizontal well;
step 22: establishing a horizontal well engineering characteristic data set;
step 23: and (5) constructing a geological-engineering coupling data set.
The step 4 further comprises the following substeps:
step 41: screening geological-engineering coupling main control factors for the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well;
step 42: and (3) establishing the geological-engineering coupling main control factor characteristics of the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well.
The step 11 further comprises the following substeps:
step 111: establishing a lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ layering mode by adopting the characteristics of lithofacies, lithology indicating curves, porosity indicating curves or oil-gas containing indicating curves of the vertical well, and constructing an in-situ layering grid frame of the top and bottom surface of the stratum at the well drilling point and each small layer interface in the stratum;
step 112: establishing a time-depth conversion relation by using a synthetic recording method, projecting in-situ depth information of the top and bottom surfaces of a stratum group identified by an exploration detection vertical well onto a seismic time profile, and establishing a well-seismic coupling relation of a top and bottom interface of a main force oil production stratum group of a compact oil and gas reservoir;
step 113: according to the well-seismic coupling relation, completing the top-bottom interface tracking and time data extraction of the main force oil production layer group of the compact oil and gas reservoir on a seismic section;
step 114: establishing a time-depth conversion relation, and converting time data of a top and bottom interface of a layer group into depth data;
step 115: and (3) taking the depth data as main input, taking elevation data of the exploration detection vertical well as hard constraint conditions, adopting a multiple grid approximation algorithm, and establishing a stratum group top and bottom surface structure distribution model when the residual error at the exploration detection vertical well point is zero to form a compact oil and gas reservoir stratum space in-situ grid.
The step 12 further comprises the following sub-steps:
step 121: according to the established rock phase-electric phase coupling in-situ layering mode of each small layer interface in the layer group, carrying out vertical well small layer comparison, extracting the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the small layers at the positions of the vertical wells, and establishing a small layer lattice frame in the layer group;
step 122: according to the position proximity principle, a layer group top or bottom structure distribution model close to the top of the small layer is selected as main input, the elevation data of the top of each small layer is used as hard constraint, a multiple grid approximation algorithm is adopted, and when the residual error at the vertical well point is zero, the small layer top structure distribution model is constructed to form a small layer space distribution trend framework of the compact oil and gas reservoir.
The step 13 further comprises the following substeps:
step 131: determining the relation between the track of the horizontal well and the top-bottom interface of the target small layer according to the three-dimensional visual comparison of the horizontal well;
step 132: quantitatively depicting a target spot small layer along the track of the horizontal well and the top and bottom interface positions close to each small layer by referring to a small layer grid pattern;
step 133: and extracting the position elevation to form horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data, combining the horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data with the vertical well position small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data into a new data set, and meanwhile, constructing a new small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model based on the vertical well and the horizontal well by using the established small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model as trend constraint to form a compact oil and gas reservoir small-layer space in-situ structure model.
Said step 14 further comprises the sub-steps of:
s141: establishing three-dimensional models of compact oil-gas lithofacies, permeability storage, geological characteristics, hydrocarbon-containing property, rock mechanical parameters and the like by adopting a six-stage modeling method;
s142: establishing a natural page crack three-dimensional model;
s143: establishing a natural structure crack three-dimensional model;
s144: and (5) manually fracturing a three-dimensional model of the fracture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is an integrated matching technical method of three-dimensional grid in-situ characterization, three-dimensional in-situ model establishment, geological and engineering coupling data set establishment, master control factor screening and control effect characteristic evaluation, accurate, reliable and rapid detection of the mining effect of the horizontal well is realized through in-situ characterization of lithology, physical properties and mechanical characteristics of shale oil gas, tight sandstone oil gas and tight carbonate oil gas geologic bodies and oil gas enrichment performance, and technical support is provided for scientific and efficient development of the shale oil gas, the tight sandstone oil gas and the tight carbonate oil gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the lithofacies-electrical phase coupling layering mode of the top and bottom interfaces of a main oil-producing stratum of a shale oil tight reservoir in the west of China and the interfaces of each small stratum.
FIG. 3 is a seismic-vertical well coupling identification pattern diagram of a two-section top-bottom interface of a main oil-producing layer group of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in the western part of China.
FIG. 4 is a top and bottom surface structure distribution model in the range of a two-section earthquake work area of a main oil production layer group of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in the western part of China.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the multi-well layering comparison of each small layer at two segments of a main oil production layer group of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in the western part of China.
FIG. 6 is a top surface structure distribution model in the range of two 2 and 3 small-layer earthquake work areas of a main oil production layer of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in the western part of China.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a two-section partial well trajectory in a main oil production layer group of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in the west of China.
FIG. 8 is a relation between a track of a certain horizontal well at two sections of a main oil production layer group and a small layer top and bottom surface of a target point 2 of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in the west of China.
FIG. 9 is a small layer top and bottom boundary line of a certain shale oil compact reservoir reed two-section along a horizontal well track target point 2 in the western part of China.
FIG. 10 is a top surface structure distribution model of each small layer of two segments of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China in a seismic work area + well area.
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional grid structure model of two reed sections of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional display of a two-section three-dimensional grid model of an reed oil tight reservoir in the west of China along a part of horizontal well trajectory.
FIG. 13 is a three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geological model of a certain shale oil compact reservoir reed two-section in the west of China.
FIG. 14 is a diagram for extracting a geological characteristic parameter case from a three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geological model of a certain shale oil compact reservoir reed two sections in the west of China.
FIG. 15 is a comparative histogram of the production system of a certain shale oil compact reservoir reed two-section horizontal well in the western part of China.
FIG. 16 is a comparison histogram of fracturing stages of two-stage horizontal wells of a rock oil compact reservoir in the west of China.
FIG. 17 is a comparison histogram of fracturing liquid addition of two-section horizontal wells of a reed section of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the west of China.
FIG. 18 is a comparison histogram of the fracturing sand addition amount of two-section horizontal wells of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the west of China.
FIG. 19 is a comparison histogram of normal operating condition days of a single well of a reed two-section horizontal well of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the west of China.
FIG. 20 is a hierarchical classification evaluation of output characteristics of a rock oil compact reservoir two-section horizontal well in the west of China.
FIG. 21 is a graph of the amount of fracturing sand added versus the daily production of a single well.
Figure 22 is a graph of fracturing charge versus single well daily production.
FIG. 23 is a graph of average burial depth versus daily production for a single well.
FIG. 24 is a graph of the relationship between the length of the main force small interval and the daily production of a single well.
FIG. 25 is a graph of the number of fracturing stages versus the daily production of a single well.
FIG. 26 is a graph of sand-blown dolomite vs. daily production for a single well.
FIG. 27 is a plot of mobile oil porosity versus daily production per well.
FIG. 28 is a graph of effective porosity versus daily production per well.
FIG. 29 type one well frac sand addition.
FIG. 30 type two well frac sand addition.
FIG. 31 three types of well frac sand addition.
Figure 32 type well sand debris dolomitic content.
FIG. 33 type two well sand debris dolomitic content.
Figure 34 type three well sand debris dolomitic content.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the geological engineering three-dimensional coupling tight oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method comprises the following steps: step 1: establishing a stratum space in-situ grid by adopting lithofacies-vertical well electric facies-seismic coupling, establishing a small-stratum space distribution trend grid by utilizing vertical well three-dimensional visual contrast, establishing a small-stratum in-situ three-dimensional grid model by utilizing horizontal well three-dimensional visual contrast, and establishing a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model; step 2: establishing a comprehensive geological characteristic data set along a track space of a horizontal well, establishing a horizontal well engineering characteristic data set, and establishing a geological-engineering coupling data set; and step 3: extracting output characteristic data of the compact oil-gas horizontal well and performing classified detection; and 4, step 4: and (3) screening the geological-engineering coupling master control factor of the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well, and establishing the geological-engineering coupling master control factor characteristic of the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well.
The method comprises the following specific processes:
(1) establishing stratum space in-situ grid by adopting lithofacies-vertical well electric phase-seismic coupling
And establishing a lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ layering mode by adopting the characteristics of the lithofacies, the lithology indicating curve, the porosity indicating curve or the oil-gas containing indicating curve of the vertical well, and constructing an in-situ layering grid at the top and bottom surface of the stratum at the well drilling point and each small layer interface in the stratum.
Establishing a lithofacies-electrical phase coupling layering mode for obtaining the top and bottom surfaces of the reed two sections of the main power producing layer of a shale oil-tight oil and gas reservoir and the interfaces between the reed two sections subordinate 1, 2 and 3 small layers of the reed two sections as shown in figure 2 by utilizing the lithofacies characteristics, the lithology indicating curve (GR), the porosity indicating curve (AC, DEN and CNL) and the oil-gas containing indicating curve (RT and RI) characteristics extracted from the rock core data of a vertical well (M well for short) for exploration and detection of 9 ports in an embodiment area; thirdly, counting the electric phase characteristic response modes of the sub-layers under the reed two sections of the main force production layer of the compact oil and gas reservoir of each partition of a shale oil field in the western part of China by using the lithology indication curve (GR) and porosity indication curves (AC and DEN) of each sub-layer of the target area and the characteristics of the oil and gas containing indication curve (RT); by means of the lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ layering mode formed by the two modes, the standard for in-situ recognition and comparison of interfaces between the sub1, 2 and 3 small layers of the reed two sections of the main power production layer of the compact oil and gas reservoir in each partition of a certain shale oil field in the western China is formed.
Establishing a time-depth conversion relation by using a synthetic recording method, projecting in-situ depth information of the top and bottom surfaces of a stratum group identified by an exploration detection vertical well onto a seismic time profile, and establishing a well-seismic coupling relation of a top and bottom interface of a main force oil production stratum group of a compact oil and gas reservoir; according to the well-seismic coupling relation, completing the top-bottom interface tracking and time data extraction of the main force oil production layer group of the compact oil and gas reservoir on a seismic section; establishing a time-depth conversion relation, and converting time data of a top and bottom interface of a layer group into depth data; and (3) taking the depth data as main input, taking elevation data of the exploration detection vertical well as hard constraint conditions, adopting a multiple grid approximation algorithm, and establishing a stratum group top and bottom surface structure distribution model when the residual error at the exploration detection vertical well point is zero to form a compact oil and gas reservoir stratum space in-situ grid.
Table 1 shows the electric phase characteristic response mode of 2 sub-layers under the two segments of the main power producing layer reed of the compact oil and gas reservoir in each partition of a shale oil field in the western part of China.
It should be understood that the steps of the actual application process further include: on the basis of a time-depth conversion relation established by an M well synthetic record, projecting the in-situ depth information of the top and bottom surfaces of the reed two segments identified by the M well onto a seismic time section to form a top and bottom interface well-seismic coupling relation of the reed two segments of a main oil-producing stratum of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in western China as shown in figure 3, and completing tracking and time data extraction of the top and bottom interfaces of the reed two segments on the seismic section by virtue of the coupling relation. Then, by utilizing the established time-depth conversion relation, converting the time data of the reed two-section top-bottom interface into depth data, taking the depth data as main input, taking the elevation data of the reed two-section top-bottom interface of the exploration and evaluation vertical well as hard constraint conditions, and adopting a multiple grid approximation algorithm to ensure that under the condition that the residual error at the exploration and evaluation vertical well point is zero, the establishment of a distribution model of the reed two-section top-bottom surface structure of the main oil production stratum group of the western certain shale oil tight reservoir in China is completed, and a spatial in-situ grid of the reed two-section top-bottom interface of the main oil production stratum group of the western certain shale oil tight reservoir in China is formed.
(2) Small-layer spatial distribution trend grillwork established by utilizing vertical well three-dimensional visual contrast
According to the established rock phase-electric phase coupling in-situ layering mode of each small layer interface in the layer group, carrying out vertical well small layer comparison, extracting the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the small layers at the positions of the vertical wells, and establishing a small layer lattice frame in the layer group; according to the position proximity principle, a layer group top or bottom structure distribution model close to the top of the small layer is selected as main input, the elevation data of the top of each small layer is used as hard constraint, a multiple grid approximation algorithm is adopted, and when the residual error at the vertical well point is zero, the small layer top structure distribution model is constructed to form a small layer space distribution trend framework of the compact oil and gas reservoir.
It should be noted that the vertical well multi-well comparison is carried out according to the established facies-electric phase coupling in-situ layering mode of each small layer interface in the layer group, and the vertical well multi-well comparison results of the two subordinate 1, 2 and 3 small layers of the reed two-section dominant pay-off oil layer group of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China are obtained as shown in fig. 5.
It is to be understood that according to the structure distribution model of the top and bottom surfaces of the reed two segments as main input, the top elevation data of the 2 and 3 small layers extracted by comparing the small layers of the vertical well is used as hard constraint, and a multiple grid approximation algorithm is adopted, so that the structure distribution model of the top surfaces of the reed two segments 2 and 3 small layers of the main oil production layer of the shale oil tight reservoir in the western part of China can be obtained under the condition of ensuring the residual error at the vertical well point to be zero, as shown in fig. 6; and then through earthquake-vertical well coupling, a spatial distribution trend framework of the top and bottom surfaces of two subordinate small layers 1, 2 and 3 of the reed two sections of the main oil-producing layer of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in the west of China can be obtained.
And table 2 is a statistical table of the matching degree of the top surface structure of each small layer of the two reed sections of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China and the actual drilling track of the horizontal section of the horizontal well.
FIG. 7 shows the matching degree of the top surface structure of each small layer of two reed sections of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China and the actual drilling track of the horizontal section of the horizontal well.
Table 2 and fig. 7 show the matching degree between the top surface structure of each small layer of the reed section of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China and the actual drilling track of the horizontal section of the horizontal well, and from the actual result, the in-situ characterization of the space position of each small layer of the horizontal well along the track cannot be realized by only depending on earthquake-vertical well coupling.
(3) Establishing small-layer in-situ three-dimensional grid model by utilizing three-dimensional visual contrast of horizontal well
Determining the relation between the track of the horizontal well and the top-bottom interface of the target small layer according to the three-dimensional visual comparison of the horizontal well; quantitatively depicting a target spot small layer along the track of the horizontal well and the top and bottom interface positions close to each small layer by referring to a small layer grid pattern; and extracting the position elevation to form horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data, combining the horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data with the vertical well position small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data into a new data set, and meanwhile, constructing a new small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model based on the vertical well and the horizontal well by using the established small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model as trend constraint to form a compact oil and gas reservoir small-layer space in-situ structure model.
It is to be understood that in the actual processing process, the relation between the horizontal well track and the top-bottom interface of the target small layer as shown in fig. 8 is determined by using the horizontal well three-dimensional visual small layer comparison technology related to the construction modeling method relying on horizontal well three-dimensional visual stratum comparison, and the elevation data of the upper-layer interface and the lower-layer interface of the horizontal section cross-layer point are extracted; meanwhile, on a vertical subdivision section, drawing top and bottom interface lines of the target small layer along the track of the horizontal well as shown in figure 9 by means of the established thickness of the target small layer of the horizontal well and an electric phase characteristic response mode of the target small layer, and quantitatively depicting the target small layer along the track of the horizontal well and the top and bottom interface positions of the target small layer adjacent to the target small layer; and finally, combining the elevation data of the top and bottom interface lines of the small layer of the target spot, the elevation data of the upper and lower layer interfaces of the cross-layer point of the horizontal section and the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the small layer at the position of the vertical well to form a new elevation data set of each small layer.
It should be noted that fig. 8 is a relation between a track of a certain horizontal well at two sections of a main oil production stratum group of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China and the top and bottom surfaces of a small layer at a target point 2, which is implemented by adopting a horizontal well three-dimensional visual small layer comparison technology related to a structural modeling method relying on horizontal well three-dimensional visual stratum comparison.
It should be noted that fig. 9 is a top interface line and a bottom interface line of a small layer of a target point along a horizontal well track drawn by means of an electrical phase characteristic response mode of a small layer of a subordinate target point 2 at two segments of a main bearing oil-producing layer group of a certain shale oil tight reservoir in western China, which is established in the table 1, on a vertical subdivision section along the horizontal well track.
According to the steps, the target small layer along the horizontal well track and the top and bottom interface positions close to the small layers are quantitatively depicted, and finally, the elevation data of the top and bottom interface lines of the target small layer, the elevation data of the upper and lower layer interfaces of the horizontal section cross-layer point and the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the small layers at the vertical well position are combined to form a new elevation data set of each small layer under the two segments of the main bearing oil production layer group of the shale oil tight reservoir in the western part of China.
It should be noted that, the constructed distribution model of the top surface of each small layer, which is obtained by the establishment of the foregoing steps, is used as a main input, the elevation data set of the top surface of the corresponding small layer is used as a hard constraint, a multiple grid approximation algorithm is adopted, the constructed distribution model of the top surface of each small layer as shown in fig. 10 is established under the condition that the residual error at each data point of the elevation data set is zero, the establishment of the three-dimensional grid model of the main force layer group of the tight reservoir as shown in fig. 11 is finally completed by combining the three-dimensional fault modeling result, and the in-situ characterization of the spatial position distribution of each small layer when the vertical well and the horizontal well of the tight oil and gas reservoir are drilled by using the three-.
(4) Establishment of compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model
According to the existing construction model for accurately characterizing the top and bottom surfaces of a compact oil and gas reservoir stratum and the in-situ position of each small layer interface space in the stratum, the method provided by the six-stage modeling method for water-bearing carbonate gas reservoir gas-water distribution characterization and the six-stage modeling method for multi-layer sandstone gas reservoir gas-layer quality classification characterization can be used for establishing the characteristics of compact oil and gas lithofacies, permeability storage and geochemical properties, the method comprises the following steps of establishing a natural shale-gas reservoir shale-gas three-dimensional fracture model by using a shale-gas reservoir shale-gas three-dimensional fracture modeling method, establishing a natural structural fracture three-dimensional model by using a structural-surface-geometry-recovery-based structural fracture three-dimensional modeling method, and establishing a manual fracturing fracture three-dimensional model by using a manual fracturing fracture three-dimensional modeling method in an oil-gas reservoir, so that the establishment of a compact oil-gas three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geological model is completed.
It should be noted that, according to the characteristics of the built two segments of the reed section of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the west of China surrounding a research area on the basis of a three-dimensional grid model, by adopting the method, a lithofacies model, a mineral content model, a physical property model, an oil-bearing property model and an artificial fracturing fracture model which can accurately represent the in-situ position attribute characteristics of the top bottom surface of a compact oil and gas reservoir stratum and the interface space of each small layer in the stratum as shown in fig. 13 are built.
(5) Establishing a comprehensive geological feature data set along a horizontal well trajectory space
In specific actual processing of the comprehensive geological feature data set along the horizontal well track space, extracting the length of a horizontal well track penetrating through a main force small layer, the length of a perforation segment and the average burial depth by using the established construction model; extracting lithofacies types passing through along the track of the horizontal well and the total proportion of each type of lithofacies in the whole horizontal section by means of the established lithofacies model; extracting the characteristics of the permeability storage property, the geological property, the hydrocarbon-containing property and the rock mechanical parameter along the track of the horizontal well by means of the established models of the permeability storage property, the geological property, the hydrocarbon-containing property and the rock mechanical parameter; and extracting the characteristics of the natural page-like crack, the structural crack and the artificial fracturing crack along the track of the horizontal well by means of the established three-dimensional model of the natural page-like crack, the three-dimensional model of the natural structural crack and the three-dimensional model of the artificial fracturing crack to form a complete comprehensive geological characteristic data set.
It is to be understood that, as shown in fig. 13, in the three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geologic model of two reed sections of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China, according to the method, the length of a horizontal well track passing through a main force small layer, the length of a perforation section, and the average burial depth are sequentially extracted, the characteristics of the permeability, the geological characteristics, the hydrocarbon and rock mechanical parameters and the characteristics of artificial fracturing fractures along the horizontal well track are extracted, and a data set reflecting the comprehensive geologic characteristics of two reed sections of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China is established.
FIG. 14 shows a part of geological characteristic parameters extracted along the track of an A20_ H horizontal well in a reed two-section three-dimensional in-situ comprehensive geological model of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China.
(6) Establishing a horizontal well engineering characteristic data set
In practice, the established engineering characteristic data set of the horizontal well is different according to different region positions and technical level differences due to the working condition characteristics of the horizontal well, but the production system, the fracturing stage number, the fracturing liquid feeding amount, the fracturing sand feeding amount and the normal working condition days of the single well are the most important parameters, so that the engineering characteristic data set is established.
And in the figures 15-19, the production system, the fracturing grade, the fracturing liquid feeding amount, the fracturing sand feeding amount and the normal working condition days of a single well of a certain shale oil compact reservoir reed two-section horizontal well in the western part of China are respectively obtained through statistics, so that an intra-area engineering characteristic data set is established.
(7) Constructing a geological-engineering coupled dataset
And taking the horizontal well as a core, coupling the comprehensive geological characteristic data set and the engineering characteristic data set together, and constructing to obtain a geological-engineering coupling data set.
(8) Extraction and classification detection of output characteristic data of compact oil-gas horizontal well
According to the current situation of mining technology and economy in a research work area and the relevant technical and economic standards of the state and enterprises, a classification standard of the horizontal well working condition and the yield in a demonstration area is established, and classification evaluation of the production characteristics of the production horizontal well is completed. And considering that the daily oil production difference is large due to different influences of working conditions in one month at the initial stage of different horizontal wells, selecting the average daily oil production in one year at the initial stage to represent the real daily oil production level of the horizontal wells, and performing graded classification evaluation on the output characteristics of the horizontal wells. Around the current economic situation of the western shale oil exploitation technology and the relevant technical and economic standards of the country and enterprises, the hierarchical classification evaluation of the output characteristics of the reed two-section horizontal well of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China is established as shown in the figure 20.
It should be noted that, a type of producing horizontal well 5: the average daily oil production (see oil) in the initial period is more than 30 t; and a second-type yield horizontal well 12 mouths: the average daily oil production (see oil) in the initial period is more than 15 t; producing 15 openings of the horizontal well: the average daily oil production (see oil) in the initial period is below 15 t.
(9) Geological-engineering coupling master control factor screening for exploitation effect of compact oil-gas horizontal well
In the process of screening the geological-engineering coupling main control factors of the exploitation effect, relevant fitting between each parameter in the geological-engineering coupling data set of the horizontal well of the compact oil and gas reservoir and the average daily oil production data of the horizontal well in the initial period representing the output characteristics of the horizontal well is carried out, and the parameter with a high correlation coefficient in the geological-engineering coupling data set is screened out and used as the main control factor of the exploitation effect of the compact oil and gas horizontal well.
(10) Geological-engineering coupling main control factor characteristic establishment for exploitation effect of compact oil-gas horizontal well
The geological-engineering coupling main control factor characteristic is the control effect characteristic of analyzing the exploitation effect of each geological-engineering coupling main control factor of the compact oil-gas horizontal well on the horizontal well according to the grading classification evaluation result of the horizontal well.
It is to be understood that according to the correlation fitting between each parameter in a geological-engineering coupling data set of a certain shale oil compact reservoir reed two-section horizontal well in the western China and the average daily oil production data of the initial period representing the output characteristics of the horizontal well, the fracturing sand adding amount (figure 21), the fracturing liquid adding amount (figure 22), the average burial depth (figure 23), the length of a main force small layer section (figure 24), the fracturing stage number (figure 25), the sand content of dolomite (figure 26), the mobile oil porosity (figure 27) and the effective porosity (figure 28) have certain correlation with the daily oil production of the single well, which means that the factors have different influence effects on the output characteristics of the horizontal well, and can be taken as the main control factors for horizontal well production in a research area.
The system develops the fracturing sand adding amount, the fracturing liquid adding amount, the average burial depth, the length of a main force small layer section, the fracturing grade number, the sand debris dolomite content, the mobile oil porosity, the effective porosity and other characteristic analyses of horizontal wells with different output characteristic grades in two sections of a shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China, and reveals the geological-engineering characteristics of the horizontal wells with different output characteristic grades. The following description is given, by way of example only, with respect to the amount of fracturing sand and the dolomitic content, to be limited to space.
For example, the fracturing sand adding amount of a typical first-class well of a certain shale oil tight reservoir reed section in the western part of China is larger than 2400m3 and smaller than 4600m3 (fig. 29), the fracturing sand adding amount of a typical second-class well is larger than 2700m3 and smaller than 3100m3 (fig. 30), and the fracturing sand adding amount of a typical third-class well is larger than 3800m and smaller than 2500m3 (fig. 31).
For another example, typical first-class horizontal wells of a reed section of a certain shale oil compact reservoir in the western part of China all contain sandstone dolomite, the content is 5% -48%, and the average content is about 17% (fig. 32); the second type of horizontal well and the third type of horizontal well both have two well production intervals containing dolomite with sand debris, and the content is 2-24% (fig. 33-34).
Claims (8)
1. A geological engineering three-dimensional coupling compact oil gas horizontal well exploitation detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing rock-well-seismic coupling three-dimensional grid in-situ representation and a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model;
step 2: establishing a compact oil-gas geology-engineering coupling data set along a track space of a horizontal well;
and step 3: extracting and classifying the output characteristic data of the compact oil-gas horizontal well;
and 4, step 4: and (3) screening geological-engineering coupling main control factors and detecting control action characteristics of the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well.
2. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 further comprises the following substeps:
step 11: establishing a stratum space in-situ lattice by adopting lithofacies-vertical well electrical facies-seismic coupling;
step 12: establishing a small-layer space distribution trend framework by utilizing three-dimensional visual comparison of a vertical well;
step 13: establishing a small-layer in-situ three-dimensional grid model by utilizing horizontal well three-dimensional visual contrast;
step 14: and establishing a compact oil gas three-dimensional in-situ model.
3. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 further comprises the following substeps:
step 21: establishing a comprehensive geological feature data set along a track space of a horizontal well;
step 22: establishing a horizontal well engineering characteristic data set;
step 23: and (5) constructing a geological-engineering coupling data set.
4. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 further comprises the following substeps:
step 41: screening geological-engineering coupling main control factors for the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well;
step 42: and (3) establishing the geological-engineering coupling main control factor characteristics of the exploitation effect of the compact oil-gas horizontal well.
5. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 2, wherein the step 11 further comprises the following substeps:
step 111: establishing a lithofacies-electrical phase coupling in-situ layering mode by adopting the characteristics of lithofacies, lithology indicating curves, porosity indicating curves or oil-gas containing indicating curves of the vertical well, and constructing an in-situ layering grid frame of the top and bottom surface of the stratum at the well drilling point and each small layer interface in the stratum;
step 12: establishing a time-depth conversion relation by using a synthetic recording method, projecting in-situ depth information of the top and bottom surfaces of a stratum group identified by an exploration detection vertical well onto a seismic time profile, and establishing a well-seismic coupling relation of a top and bottom interface of a main force oil production stratum group of a compact oil and gas reservoir;
step 113: according to the well-seismic coupling relation, completing the top-bottom interface tracking and time data extraction of the main force oil production layer group of the compact oil and gas reservoir on a seismic section;
step 114: establishing a time-depth conversion relation, and converting time data of a top and bottom interface of a layer group into depth data;
step 115: and (3) taking the depth data as main input, taking elevation data of the exploration detection vertical well as hard constraint conditions, adopting a multiple grid approximation algorithm, and establishing a stratum group top and bottom surface structure distribution model when the residual error at the exploration detection vertical well point is zero to form a compact oil and gas reservoir stratum space in-situ grid.
6. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 2, wherein the step 12 further comprises the following substeps:
step 121: according to the established rock phase-electric phase coupling in-situ layering mode of each small layer interface in the layer group, carrying out vertical well small layer comparison, extracting the elevation data of the top and bottom surfaces of the small layers at the positions of the vertical wells, and establishing a small layer lattice frame in the layer group;
step 122: according to the position proximity principle, a layer group top or bottom structure distribution model close to the top of the small layer is selected as main input, the elevation data of the top of each small layer is used as hard constraint, a multiple grid approximation algorithm is adopted, and when the residual error at the vertical well point is zero, the small layer top structure distribution model is constructed to form a small layer space distribution trend framework of the compact oil and gas reservoir.
7. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 2, wherein the step 13 further comprises the following substeps:
step 131: determining the relation between the track of the horizontal well and the top-bottom interface of the target small layer according to the three-dimensional visual comparison of the horizontal well;
step 132: quantitatively depicting a target spot small layer along the track of the horizontal well and the top and bottom interface positions close to each small layer by referring to a small layer grid pattern;
step 133: and extracting the position elevation to form horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data, combining the horizontal well small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data with the vertical well position small-layer top and bottom surface elevation data into a new data set, and meanwhile, constructing a new small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model based on the vertical well and the horizontal well by using the established small-layer top and bottom surface structure distribution model as trend constraint to form a compact oil and gas reservoir small-layer space in-situ structure model.
8. The geological engineering three-dimensional coupled tight oil and gas horizontal well exploitation detection method according to claim 2, wherein the step 14 further comprises the following substeps:
s141: establishing three-dimensional models of compact oil-gas lithofacies, permeability storage, geological characteristics, hydrocarbon-containing property, rock mechanical parameters and the like by adopting a six-stage modeling method;
s142: establishing a natural page crack three-dimensional model;
s143: establishing a natural structure crack three-dimensional model;
s144: and (5) manually fracturing a three-dimensional model of the fracture.
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